CU-MA-English-SEM-III-Indian Writing in Translation-Second review report

10.3 SUMMARY ● Nirala went on to became the leading figure and pillar of the era of free verse poetry in Hindi ● After “SAROJ SMRITI always Nirala always stressed on the liberation of poetry and human beings. ● Chhayavaad remains the foremost movement to boost Hindi to a literary language. The Hindi that's spoken in Delhi and north India today is simply over a century old. Before that, the 2 literary dialects of Hindustani were Braj Bhasha, the language of Surdas or Amir Khusro, and Avadhi, the language of Tulsidas’s Ramacharitamanas. Modern Hindi is closest to the Khari Boli dialect spoken in Delhi-Meerut within the early 1900s – considered not as sophisticated as Braj or Avadhi until writers like Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi propagated it. Nirala, influenced strongly by Dwivedi, was one among the primary writers to say this contemporary Hindi as his own through his experimental and articulate use of the language in his poetry – both rhyme and vers libre – essays and memoirs. it's therefore to writers like Nirala that we owe the creation of recent Hindi. ● The absence of Nirala’s work in Indian English literature departments could be attributed to the lack of available translations of his works. While the Hindi version is still in print thanks to Rajkamal Prakashan’s reprints in 2007 and 2015, Satti Khanna’s translation of Kulli Bhat as A Life Misspent helps fill that void. ● Works of nirala Poetry ● Saroj Smriti ● Parimal ● Anaamika ● Geetika ● Kukurmutta Prose ● Billesur Bakriha ● Kullibhat Collection of Stories ● Lily ● Devi ● Sukul ki Biwi ● Sakhi ● Chhaturi Chamar 201 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Essay Collection ● Ravindra Kavita Kannan ● Prabandha Pratibha ● Prabandha Parichaya ● Bangbhasha ka Uchcharan ● Chayan Novels ● Prabhavati ● Choti ki Pakar ● Kale Karname ● Nirupama ● Uchchhrankhalta Translation ● Devi Chaudharani ● Chandrasekhar ● Vish Vriksh ● Sri Ramkrishna Vachnamrit ● Rajyog 10.4 KEYWORDS ● Nirala-Unique ● Brahmin- also spelled Brahmin, Sanskrit Brāhmaṇa (“Possessor of Brahma”), highest ranking of the four varnas, or social classes, in Hindu India. ● Puranas-any of a class of Sanskrit sacred writings on Hindu mythology and folklore of varying date and origin, the most ancient of which dates from the 4th century AD 10.5 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Research on Nirala’s work and writing style. __________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 10.6 UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions 202 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Short Questions 1. Where was Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” born? 2. What did Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” die of? 3. Which movement did Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” pioneer? 4. Who has translated the many poems of Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” into English? 5. Which language did interest Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” the most? Long Questions 1. What are the main aspects of the poem “Remembering Saroj”? 2. Which personal tragedies did Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” Suffer resulting him into becoming a person with no matristic values 3. Why was Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” called the author of Chaayawad or Shadowism? 4. Remembering Saroj is Niralas Tribute to his dead daughter Critically appreciate the cultural and religious symbols in the poem B. Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which language did Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” write in? a. English b. Marathi c. Gujrathi d. Hindi 2. Where was Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” born? a. Midanpore b. Delhi c. Ahmedabad d. Nagpur 3.What does the term “Nirala” mean? 203 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

a. Great 204 b. Unique c. Quality d. Selfless 4.What feeling has Suryakant Triphathi “Nirala” in most of his work? a. Love b. Lust c. Anger d. Sadness 5. What is the original name of Remembering Saroj in Hindi? a. Saroj Smriti b. Love for Saroj c. Remembrance of Daughter d. Death of the Author Answers 1-d; 2-a; 3-b; 4-d; 5-a 10.7 REFERENCES Reference’s book  Remembering Saroj  Nirala and David Rubin  Nirala Rachanavali - Vol. 1 to 8  1.Nirala Granthawali-Part Two,  Nirala, p.325.2.  Anamika, Indian Version, 1938, Nirala, p.124.3. CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Parimal, Nirala, p.23.4.  Badal Rag, Compilation Parimal, Nirala, p. 138.5.  Jago Fir Ek Baar, Nirala, page 48.6  .RamKi Shakti Puja, Nirala, page 9  https://www.iep.utm.edu/aris-poe/  https://www.britannica.com/topic/Poetics  http://ignou.ac.in/  https://www.uoc.ac.in/  http://www.tmv.edu.in/ 205 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)