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BM 21901 and BM 35382: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum; BM 21946: gSq \ /1Z13Zmf \]1`*gSqfD ZSf dV*4m,*Waq Copyright British Museum; BM 22047, 25124, 25127: ˘ The Trustees of the British Museum *,SW\ZaVS1 f`\ZSVS /1ZnE Y1aqg S -\/ ]`*,W1ZSq g*`qD ]`SY1`dE , \/Z\y b*+WShV1 aV*4*Z\E hb\ a/1WV* a\ab\qO b\ ob\H *,SW\ZaVS1 f`\ZSVS ]`1/ab*,O W*an w, Y1aqg1 ZSa*Z1E 6;O-\ /ZqE 55O-\ -\O Wqpb a\+\y b*+WShVSE , V\b\`mf \]Sam,*pbaq /* g*`ab,\,*ZSq Ä*,df\/\Z\a\`* b*V31 S4O 4Z*hSYm1 a\+mbSq ,*,SW\ZaV\y Sab\`SS6D ,1abZ\-\ V*V Ä*,df\/\Z\a\` IIE g*`q *,SW\O Z*x8D b\ -\,\`qb a]1gS*WSabmH \Z*Wn/ *VE ,1/dkSy a]1gS*WSab ]\ VWSZ\]SaZmY /\VdO \-/* g*`n dYS`*W SWS 1-\ a,1`-*WSE \ab*,O Y1Zb*YE \bY1h*1bE hb\ , obSf f`\ZSV*f a\/1`O jS1aq Y1aqgm ]\aW1/Z1-\ -\/* 1-\ ]`*,W1ZSq 3Sbaq Z1]\WZ*q SZe\`Y*gSq \ ,*3Zmf a\+mO ahSb*WSan -\/\Y ,\aj1ab,Sq Z* ]`1ab\W Z\O bSqf1D Z Z*]Sa*WE hb\ Sab\`SVS /\W3Zm SaO ,\-\ g*`q19D ˙`d-SYS aW\,*YSE aY1Z* g*`1y aW1/\,*bn w,b\`ShZm1 Sab\hZSVSDDD , Z*/13/1 ]`\Saf\/SW* , \/SZ ,*,SW\ZaVSy V*W1Z/*`O \]`1/1WSbnE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ Z* a*Y\Y /1W1xD Zmy -\/D W1/\,*b1WnZ\E /\VdY1ZbmE a\ab*,O W1ZZm1 , -\/ ,\aj1ab,Sq Z* ]`1ab\W Z\,\-\ h1Y a,S/1b1Wnab,dpb /\VdY1ZbmH ,*O g*`qE /*bS`\,*WSan Y1aqg*YS ]\aW1/Z1-\ -\O ,SW\ZaVSf f`\ZSV*f a\/1`3*baq Z1]\WZm1 SaO /* ]`*,W1ZSq ]`13Z1-\ g*`qD b\`Sh1aVS1 a,1/1ZSq7D L Y\b`Sb1 `*YVd ,ZSO 4dDM \4ZSV*1b 4*V\Z\Y1`Zmy ,\]`\aB Y\3Z\ b\ -\,\`qb a]1gS*WSabmH \Z*Wn/ *V WS ,a1g1W\ /\,1`qbn 4*VWph1ZSqYE \aZ\,*ZO S4dhSW YZ\31ab,\ VWSZ\]SaZmf /1W\,mf /\O ZmY Z* Z1]\WZmf a,1/1ZSqfH VdY1Zb\, Z\,\,*,SW\ZaV\-\ ]1`S\/*D 5=;6 -\/d *V Z*]Sa*WE hb\ Z1\]d+WSV\,*ZZm1 b1VabmE ]`1/\ab*,W1ZZm1 1Yd `Sb*ZaVSY *+WShVS /1W\,\-\ a\/1`3*ZSq Yd411YE w]\WZ\abnp \]`\,1`-*pbx +\W11 `*ZO ZS1 4*VWph1ZSq \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ b\-\E V\-/* b\ ob\H \WnjSZab,\ b*+WSh1V /1W\,\-\ a\/1`3*ZSq Z\,\,*,SW\ZaV\-\ ]1`S\/* P ob\ 1 \/ ,\aj1ab,Sq Z* ]`1ab\W Z1 ,VWph*Waq , -\/m ]`*,W1O /\VdY1ZbmE , V\b\`mf ]`S,\/Sbaq SZe\`Y*O ZSqD Z1-\ ,f\/SWS \ab*,jS1aq Y1aqgm V*W1Z/*`Z\-\ -\/*D 1 `SY1h*ZS1B ZS \/SZ S4 a,1baVSf dh1ZmfE hnS aW\,* ]`SO eSgS*WnZ\ g*`n Z*hSZ*W ]`*,Sbn a Z*h*W* Z\,\-\ -\/*D ,\/qbaq , ob\y ab*bn1E Z1 ]`S/1`3S,*1baq YZ1ZSqE hb\ 1`da*O WSY +mW `*4`dj1Z , :>; -\/d /\ ZD oD BM 21901 ÁÄ ˚ ÄB ˚Á% BM 21946 ,*,SW\ZaVSf f`\ZSV*f a\/1`3*baq a,1/1ZSq b\WnV\ \ 79 -\/*f Z\,\,*,SW\ZaV\-\ ]1O `S\/*E V\b\`myE V*V ahSb*1baqE /WSWaq \V\W\ << W1bD BM 35382 ˙E Ã ˙E Ã Ä Ä˚ Ä ˚& ˚˙˚Ä • ˚˙˚Ä ) Ä ÁÄ •˚ ˙ ˚˙• ˚˙ Ä*+\]*W*a*` Ä*,df\/\Z\a\` II Y1WnOÃ*`/dV Ä*+\ZS/ BM 25127 Ä1`S-WSaa*` Á*+*jSOÃ*`/dV BM 22047 BM 25124
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< SWS = ZSa*ZdH ]`\jW\Y5=D V*V\Yd ,m,\/d \ZS ]`SjWSH b\ ,`1O Yq V*V Z1 ,a1 \]Sa*ZSq ]\W\31ZSy ÁdZm ]\/f\/qb 5M *V ]\V*4*Z\ Z* e\b\-`*eSSE ]\/ 9:<N9:; -\/ /\ ZD oDE ,a1 57 \]Sa*ZSy a\\b,1bO *VV*/aVSy aSY,\W /Wq gSe`m = ab,dpb ]\W\31ZSqYE ,mhSaW1ZZmY /Wq 9<<N9<; -\/* \bh1bWS,\ ,S/1ZD /\ ZD oD 6M `*ZaWSb1`S`dq ob\b /SZ S4 e`*-Y1Zb\, b*+WShVSE a\/1`3*kSf \]SO VWSZ\]SaZmy b1VabE a*ZS1 ]\W\31ZSq ÁdZmE V\b\`\1 +\Wnj1 ]\/f\/Sb V Ä\y-1+*do` S *y/Z1` 9<<E h1Y V 9:< -\/d /\ ZD oDE S4\+`*31Z Z* obSf ab`*O 4*Y1ZSWS = Z* <D ZSg*fD b`1bn1y ab`\V1 ob\y b*+WShVS Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ ÁdZ* 4*ZSY*W* \]`1/1W1ZZ\1 ]\W\31ZS1 wZ\hnp 7M b\YE hb\ , \`S-SZ*W1 ab\qW* =O-\ ZSa*ZdxD h1Zm1E V\b\`m1 /*bS`\,*WS ob\ a\O gSe`* =E \ZS dV*4*WS b\WnV\ +mbS1 9:< -\/\Y /\ ZD oD L*ab`\Z\YSh1aVSY 9:;OYME , aZ\aV1D ]`S4Z*WSE hb\ , b\Y -\/d ÁdZ* 4*ZSY*W* ob\ ]\W\O 31ZS1 w<O-\E * Z1 = ZSa*ZdxD b\+m ]\/b,1`/Sbn /*O 8M ˙*31 , a,\1Y ]1`1,\/1 bS`\,Vd b*+WShVS 9:< -\/\Y /\ ZD oDE \ZS ,m/,SZdO Z* Z1Y1gVSy q4mV \ZS WS ]`1/]\W\31ZS1E hb\ ]Sa1g Z1h*qZZ\ Z*]Sa*W w=x Z*]Sa*WS <D ,Y1ab\ w<x6>D /Z*V\ ]\W\31ZS1 ÁdZmE \]Sa*ZZ\1 , b`1bn1y ab`\V1E ]\WZ\abnp ]\/f\/Sb ]\/ = ZSa*Zd 9M 5=<< -\/d +mW \]d+WSV\,*Z 9<< -\/* /\ ZD oD65 b`d/ *Va* S dZ-1`*E , V\b\`\Y ]`S,\/SWaq b1Vab ‹ b*+WShVS +14 S4Y1Z1ZSyE h1,S/Z\E hb\ +\Wnj*q h*abn *ab`\Z\YSh1aVSf /*ZO a gSe`\y =D ZmfE ]`S,1/1ZZmf , b*+WShV1 VAT 8=9:E dV*4m,*1b Z* 9<< -\/ /\ ZD oD V*V Z* 7;Oy -\/ ]`*,W1ZSq Ä*,df\/\Z\O :M a1 31 , *Z-WSyaV\Y ]1`1,\/1 a\`* IID ob\ ]\/b,1`3/*1bE hb\ 1`da*WSY +mW `*4`dO ob\-\ b`d/* dV*4m,*W\anE hb\ = j1Z , :>; -\/d /\ ZD oDE V*V S aW1/d1b S4 S+WSSD +mW\ Z*]Sa*Z\ w]\ \jS+V1 ,Y1ab\ <xD \h1Yd S+WSq 4*aWd3S,*1b /\,1`SqH Z*ab\qk11 ,`1Yq +\WnjSZab,\ a,1baVSf Sab\`SV\,5 ]\W*-*pbE hb\ 1`da*WSY +mW `*4`dj1Z , 9<; -\/d /\ ZD oD /Z*V\ S4 aW\, +S+W1yaVSf ]`\`\V\, 1`1YSS S6 ˙*ZSSW* qaZ\ ,S/Z\E hb\ Sd/1S +mWS , ]W1Zd Z1 9>E * ;> W1b L 1`1YSq 69B5E 6E 55C 6=B5>C ˙*ZSSW =B6MD 4Z*hSbE 1`da*WSY +mW `*4`dj1Z , :>; -\/d /\ ZD oD ˙\V*4*O b1Wnab,*E `*aaY\b`1ZZm1 ,mj1E ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ ob\b ,m,\/ ]\/b,1`3/*1baq Z1V\b\`mYS a,1baVSYS Sab\hO ZSV*YSD h1Zm1 Z1\/Z\V`*bZ\ ]\/,1`-*WS a\YZ1ZSp /\ab\O ,1`Z\abn S+WSSD /Z*V\ ,aqVSy `*4E V\-/* \+Z*`d3SO ,*pbaq Z\,m1 Sab\`Sh1aVS1 a,S/1b1Wnab,*E b\hZ\abn ob\y VZS-S ]\/b,1`3/*1baq1D Z*a 1abn ,a1 \aZ\,*ZSq /\,1`qbn S+WSSD 1/n Ym d+1/SWSanE hb\ \Z* b\hZ* a Sab\`Sh1aV\y S Z*dhZ\y b\hVS 4`1ZSq S hb\ 11 ]`\`\h1O ab,* ,a1-/* Sa]\WZqpbaqD \ob\Yd Ym d,1`1ZmE hb\ S+WSq P ob\ W\,\ \-* L6 SY\e1p 7B5:MD \h1Yd +m Z1 SaaW1/\,*bn /\V*4*b1Wnab,*E a,S/1b1Wnab,dpkS1 , ]\Wn4d ob\-\H m Y\31b1 ]`SybS V b*V\Yd 31 ,mO ,\/dD 1 \ZV`1bZm1 ]`SY1`m Y\3Z\ Z*ybS , 8Oy S 9Oy -W*,*f VZS-S w S+WSqB aW\,\ \-* SWS h1W\,1V*HxD 4/*Z* ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mD ˝˚ ) \"Ä) ˙ 5 Ä ) ) 6>55 27
`SY1h*ZSq \`S-SZ*W* V*V wVZq4nxEP ob\ bSbdWE V\O 5=59; in the article ”Ein astronomischer Beobachtungstext aus dem 7;. Jahre Ne-5D WSZ\]San P ob\ a]\a\+ ]SanY*E 4*O b\`my b*V31 \4Z*h*1b wg*`nE ]`*,SO bukadnezars II”E by Paul V. Neugebauer and Ernst F. WeidnerE pp. 67-76MD \bqVWph*pkSyaq , Z*Z1a1ZSS Z* -WSZqZm1 b1WnxD \aV\WnVd adk1ab,d1b ]`\bS,\O VWSZ\]SaZmy 4Z*VE \+\4Z*h*pkSy ÁdZdEb*+WShVS SWS Z* V*Y1Zn VWSZ\,S/Zmf `1hS1 , b\YE V\-/* Ä1`S-WSaa*` aY1ZSW Z1 ,m4m,*1b a\YZ1ZSqE Z1V\b\`m1 4Z*Oh1`b\h1VD Z* ]`1ab\W1 a,\1-\ ]`1/j1ab,1ZZSV*E6D Assyrian and Babylonian ChroniclesE VSE \+\4Z*h*pkS1 ]W*Z1bm S Sf ]\W\Oby A. K. GraysonE published 1975E 2000 Y1WnOÃ*`/dV*E Y\31b WS +mbnE hb\reprintE p. 8. 31ZSqE Z1]\ZqbZm LMesopotamian Pla- Y13/d ZSYS ]`*,SW 1WOjdYOSjVdZE netary Astronomy—AstrologyE by David7D Ä\,\,*,SW\ZaVSy ]1`S\/ Z*h*Waq , BrownE published 2000E pp. 53-57MD 4O4*VII ,1V1 /\ ZD oDE V\-/* *,SW\ZaV\y SYO wg*`n *,SW\Z*xH `\e1aa\` 1yY\Z/]1`S1y ab*W* ]`*,Sbn /SZ*abSq f*W/1yO ob\-\ \]Sa*ZS1 ]\W\31ZSy ]W*Z1b Y\3O SWS]] ˙\f1`bS ]`S4Z*WE hb\ wZ1Wn4qaVSf g*`1yD 1`,mY ]`*,Sb1W1Y +mW Z\ SZb1`]`1bS`\,*bn ]\O`*4Z\YdD *VÄ*+\]*W*a*`E \b1g Ä*,df\/\Z\a\`* llD ]`1Z1+`1-*bn b1Y e*Vb\YE hb\ Ä1`S-O'b\b ]1`S\/ 4*V\ZhSWaqE V\-/* ]\aO V*V ]\W\31ZS1 ÁdZm Z1b`d/Z\ ,mhSaO WSaa*` +mW 4Z*bZ\-\ ]`\Saf\3/1ZSqxW1/ZSy f*W/1yaVSy g*`nE Ä*+\ZS/E +mW LNabonidus and Belshazzar—A Study of WSbnE ]\W\31ZSq \ab*WnZmf Z1+1aZmf the Closing Events of the Neo-Babylonian b1WE \]Sa*ZZm1 , VAT 4956 \bZ\aSb1WnZ\a,1`-Zdb ]1`aS/aVSY g*`1Y S`\Y , EmpireE by Raymond P. DoughertyE pub- lished 1929E p. 61MD ÁdZmE Y\3Z\ \]`1/1WSbn S /*bS`\,*bn97= -\/d /\ ZD oD 55D Astronomical Diaries and Related8D Neo-Babylonian Business and Admini- Texts From BabyloniaE VolD VE edited by a ,ma\V\y ab1]1Znp b\hZ\abSDstrative DocumentsE by Ellen Whitley Hermann HungerE published 2001EMooreE published 1935E p. 33. pp. 2-3. 5<*D 'bS SZb1`,*Wm LwWdZZm1 b`\yVSxM9D ArchimedesE Vol. 4E New Studies 56D Journal of Cuneiform StudiesE Vol. 2Ein the History and Philosophy of Science No. 4E 1948E rA Classification of the +mWS Y1`\y ,`1Y1ZSE Z*]`SY1` \band TechnologyE “Observations and Pre- Babylonian Astronomical Tablets of thedictions of Eclipse Times by Early Astrono- Seleucid PeriodEs by A. SachsE pp. 282-283. 4*f\/* \WZg* /\ 4*f\/* ÁdZm ,mersE” by John M. SteeleE published 2000E 57D Astronomical Diaries and Relatedp. 36. Texts From Babylonia. Vol. VE p. 391. ]1`,my /1Zn Y1aqg* S , /,* /`d-Sf:D Amel-Marduk 562-560 B.C.—A Study 58D Brown David. Mesopotamian Plane-Based on CuneiformE Old TestamentE tary Astronomy-Astrology. 2000E p. 164E /Zq Y1aqg*D h1Zm1 a,q4*WS obS S4OGreekE Latin and Rabbinical Sources. With 201—202.PlatesE by Ronald H. SackE published 1972E 59D Bibliotheca OrientalisE Vol. 50, Š 1/2E Y1`1ZSq a V*W1Z/*`ZmYS /*b*YS LThep. 3. Januari-MaartE 1993E “The Astronomical Earliest Datable Observation of the;D *+WShVS BM 80920 S BM 58872 /*O Diaries as a Source for Achaemenid and Aurora BorealisE by F. R. Stephenson andbS`\,*Zm h1b,1`bmY S ]qbmY Y1aqg*O Seleucid HistoryE” by R. J. van der SpekE David M. WillisE in Under One Sky pp. 94E 102. —Astronomy and Mathematics in theYS -\/* ,\aj1ab,Sq Z* ]`1ab\W ˚,SWO 5:D Astronomical Diaries and Related Ancient Near EastE edited by John M. Texts From BabyloniaE Vol. IE by Abraham J. Steele and Annette ImhausenE publishedY1`\/*f*D f \]d+WSV\,*W , a,\1Y SachsE completed and edited by Hermann 2002E pp. 420-428MD ˙Wq b\-\ hb\+m S4Ob`d/1 \Z*Wn/ *V LAmel-Marduk 562- HungerE published 1988E p. 47.560 B.C.—A Study Based on CuneiformE 5;D Babylonian Eclipse Observations Y1`Sbn ob\b ]`\Y13db\V ,`1Y1ZSEOld TestamentE GreekE Latin and Rabbini- From 750 BC to 1 BCE by Peter J.cal Sources. With PlatesE pp. 3E 90E 106MD Huber and Salvo De MeisE published /`1,Z1Yd Z*+Wp/*b1Wp +mWS Z1\+f\O<D *+WShV* BM 55806E Z*f\/qk*qaq 2004E p. 186. \-W*aZ\ VAT 4956E ob\, `Sb*ZaV\Y Yd411E /*bS`\,*Z* /1O 4*bY1ZS1 aWdhSW\an , 59Oy /1Zn b`1O /SYm a,\1-\ `\/* h*amD *VS1 S4Y1`1OaqbmY Y1aqg1Y 87O-\ -\/* ]`*,W1ZSq bn1-\ Y1aqg* ]\ ,*,SW\ZaV\Yd V*O ZSq +mWS Z1b\hZmYS LArchimedesE Vol. 4EÄ*,df\/\Z\a\`* llD New Studies in the History and Philosophy=D *+WShVS BM 75106 S BM 61325 /*bSO W1Z/*`pE aW1/\,*b1WnZ\E Y1aqg aS,*Zd of Science and TechnologyE Observations`\,*Zm a1/nYmY S /1aqbmY Y1aqg*YSE and Predictions of Eclipse Times by Early Z*h*Waq 59 /ZqYS `*Znj1D ˚aWS 4*bY1O AstronomersE by John M. SteeleE publi-V*V ahSb*1baqE ]\aW1/Z1-\ L,b\`\-\M -\O shed 2000E pp. 65-66MD /Z*V\ ,mhSaW1O ZS1 ]`\S4\jW\ 59 SpWq 9<< -\/* /\ ZD oD/* ]`*,W1ZSq g*`q ˚,SWY1`\/*f*D ZSq ]\W\31ZSq ÁdZm \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ /`dO /Z*V\ b*+WShV* BM 75489 /*bS`\O ]\ pWS*ZaV\Yd V*W1Z/*`pE b\ ]1`O -Sf Z1+1aZmf b1W +mWS +\W11 b\hZmYSD,*Z* ,b\`mY Y1aqg1Y -\/* ,\aj1ab,Sq ,my /1Zn aS,*Zd +mW 7> SpZqN5 SpWq 5=D ˙*ZZm1 SaaW1/\,*ZSq +mWS ]`\OZ* ]`1ab\W Ä1`S-WSaa*`*E 1-\ ]`11YO 9<< -\/* /\ ZD oD b*V\Y aWdh*1ZSV* LCatalogue of the Babylonian Tablets ,1/1Zm a ]\Y\knp V\Y]npb1`Z\yin the British MuseumE Vol. VIIIE [Tablets ]1`,my Y1aqg ,*,SW\ZaV\-\ V*W1Z/*O ]`\-`*YYm wTheSky6xD f\/1 SaaW1/\OFrom Sippar 3] by Erle LeichtyEJ. J. FinkelsteinE and C.B.F. WalkerE publi- `q LZSa*ZdM /\W31Z +mW Z*h*bnaq /,dO ,*ZSq b*V31 Sa]\Wn4\,*W*an Z1V\YOshed 1988E pp. 25E 35MDCatalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in Yq Y1aqg*YS `*Z11E 6N7 Y*qD \/E , Y1`h1aV*q ]`\-`*YY* wCartes duthe British MuseumE Vol. VIIE LTablets Ciel/Sky Chartsx (CDC) S ]`\-`*YY*From Sippar 2M by Erle Leichty and V\b\`my ]`\S4\jW\ ob\ 4*bY1ZS1E /\WOA. K. GraysonE published 1987E p. 36. V\Z,1`b*gSS /*bE ]`1/\ab*,W1ZZ*qNeriglissar—King of BabylonE by Ronald H. 31Z +mW Z*h*bnaq 7N8 *]`1WqE Z\ , j1OSackE published 1994E p. 232. Ä* b*+WShO ab\y ab`\V1 VAT 4956 Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ ]\aO Ã\`aV\y \+a1`,*b\`S1y \" D 4O4*V1 dV*4*Z Y1aqg *y`d L,b\`\y Y1aqgMD W1 /,1Z*/g*b\-\ L]\aW1/Z1-\M Y1aqg* b\-\ hb\ YZ\-S1 VWSZ\]SaZm1 4Z*VSE5>D *aaY\b`SY ]`SY1` Ä1`S-WSaa*O L*/*`dM ]`1/m/dk1-\ -\/* +mW /\+*,O \+\4Z*h*pkS1 ]\W\31ZS1 ]W*Z1bE`*D \/Z\y g*`aV\y Z*/]SaS \ Z1Y -\O W1Z /\]\WZSb1WnZmy Y1aqgD L b*+WShV1 Z*]Sa*Z\B w<Oy /1Zn Y1aqg* XII 57O-\ Y\3Z\ SZb1`]`1bS`\,*bn ]\O`*4Z\YdE,\`SbaqE hb\ \Z +mW wamZ\Y 1WO 6 , /*ZZ\Y SaaW1/\,*ZSSE g1Wnp V\b\`\OjdYOSjVdZ*E g*`q *,SW\Z*x LVd`aS, Y1aqg*xDM \ob\Yd Z\,my -\/ Z*h*Waq -\ +mW\ ,mhSaWSbn -\/E d]\YSZ*,jSyaqZ*jDP 1/DMD /`d-\y Z*/]SaS 1WO Z1 `*Znj1 6N7 Y*qD *VSY \+`*4\YE /*O , ob\Y /Z1,ZSV1E ]\W\31ZSq obSf ]W*OjdYOSjVdZ Z*4,*Z wYd/`mY VZq41YxD b* WdZZ\-\ 4*bY1ZSq , 9<< -\/d /\ ZD oD Z1b Z1 dhSbm,*WSanD W\,\ `d+*dE ]1`1,1/1ZZ\1 a q4mV* ]\WZ\abnp ]\/f\/Sb ]\/ \]Sa*ZS1 S4 K6o> nDiBgel.richSat¨echu sbisecrhdeine Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft der b*+WShVSD Wissenschaften zu LeipzigE Vol. 67E May 1E 5<D \-W*aZ\ Ä\y-1+*do`d S *y/Z1`dE 1915; rEin astronomischer Beobachtungs- , b*+WShV1 ]`S,\/qbaq 57 Z*+Wp/1ZSy text aus dem 37. Jahre Nebukadnezars IIE ÁdZm \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ \]`1/1W1ZZ\y L-567/66MsE by Paul V. Neugebauer and 4,14/m SWS a\4,14/SqD ZS b*V31 Ernst F. WeidnerE p. 41. KL]Bo1¨e`nr1iigchhlS.taeWSquap¨¨ cbbhesris5cd9hieen]V\eWrG\he3asn1edZlllsSucynhgaef]tnW*Zdd1eebrr Wissenschaften zu Leipzig; Vol. 67; May 5E 65D b*+WShV1 VAT 4956E , b`1bn1y ab`\V1E Z*]Sa*Z\B wÁdZ* +mW* , 5 W\Vb1 , 6 -`*/da*f ]1`1/ ß ˙1,mxD mO j1d]\YqZdb\1 SaaW1/\,*ZS1 ]\V*4*W\E hb\ = ZSa*Zd ÁdZ* +mW* , 6{>81 ]1`1/ ß ˙1,m S >{ ZS31 Z11D \ YZ1ZSp SaO aW1/\,*b1W1yE ob\ +mW\ b\hZ\1 a\,]*O /1ZS1D
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