The Fluids Lab @UP

Research Profile Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics And Rheology

Message from the Director Fluid Mechanics and Rheology are fascinating subjects, from both theoretical and practical points of view. Indeed, even aspects of the dynamics of simple fluids have proved elusive thus far to human understanding, let alone those of complex fluids. In recent years, the simple classification of materials into solids and fluids has come to be viewed as an oversimplification, as a range of materials exhibit properties from both classes, due to their complex structure. Such materials include polymer melts and solutions, suspensions, pastes, emulsions, biological fluids, etc. with applications in the oil industry, plastics, construction, medicine, cosmetics, food industry etc. The mathematical description of the behavior of such materials (the formulation of so-called constitutive equations) is a very challenging task, and the prediction of the behavior of these materials in complex processes, by solving the respective flow and constitutive equations, is also a quite formidable task. 2

The Fluids Lab has been in the forefront of research in these areas since its foundation in 1993. We have been tackling fundamental and applied problems in fluid mechanics, transport phenomena, rheology, polymer processing, multiphase flows, flow stability etc. using both theoretical and numerical approaches. Our high-quality and often groundbreaking results have been published in the most prominent scientific journals and conferences of this scientific field and have made the Fluids Lab highly reputed in the related scientific community. The software tools that we employ include open-source and commercial codes, but the majority of our results have been produced using in-house codes; in fact, research at the Fluids Lab has produced innovative numerical methods that have been adopted by the community. Over the years, we have built an important library of in-house scientific software codes capable of solving efficiently and accurately the problems of our scientific discipline. Many capable and talented young researchers have been employed in the Fluids Lab over the years; they have both gained a lot of knowledge and experience and promoted their careers, but have also contributed to a large part to the development of the Fluids Lab. Our Lab remains committed to high quality research for the promotion of science and the benefit of society. Professor John Tsamopoulos 3

Resume of Professor John Tsamopoulos Dr John Tsamopoulos is Director of the Fluids Lab, and a Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Patras. He received his MS (1981) and PhD (1985) degrees in Chemical Engineering from MIT in the areas of Process Dynamics and Fluid Mechanics, respectively. During his PhD he studied the dynamics of drops and bubbles. Subsequently, he taught at the State University of New York at Buffalo for 9 years reaching the rank of Professor. He returned to Greece and the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Patras in 1993. John has received several awards for his research achievements. Among others, in October 2015, he received the “Bingham Fluid Medal” in Banff, Canada, in spring 2016 he received the Nelder Visiting Fellowship for teaching in Imperial College, and in fall 2016 he became fellow of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluids. Under his supervision, 15 students have been awarded a Doctorate degree and another 16 students have been awarded the MS degree. Since 2002, he is a member of the editorial Board of the Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, and also a member of the editorial board of International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN) Chemical Engineering (2011-present) and The Open Chemical Engineering Journal (2015-present). He has published over 100 papers in International Journals, (h-index 26, according to ISI), has over 230 conference presentations and over 45 invited presentations. He has reviewed papers for over 38 different Journals, proposals for NSF, DOE, PRF, NASA, and for GSRT, EU, the Canadian Space Agency, the Israeli Science Foundation, the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the foundation of Advancement of Research of the Republic of Cyprus. His research has been funded with over 3700 k€. After his return to Greece he founded the Laboratory of Computational Fluid Dynamics at the University of Patras, renamed to Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Rheology (The Fluids Lab). The Fluids Lab has the basic equipment needed for its everyday operation (additional is requested through this proposal because of the extensive and very demanding calculations that have been proposed). Basic advantages of the Lab’s computer clusters are (a) their high- speed communication through infiniband cards, (b) their large high-speed memory, (c) their high computing speed and (d) their scalability. 4

Currently, the personnel includes two faculty members, three Postdoctoral researchers, seven graduate research students, several undergraduate students and an administrative assistant. The main areas of research interest are: Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena, Multiphase Flows, Rheology and Polymer Processing, stability of flows, and Dynamics of Deformable Bodies. The laboratory has been involved in several research projects dealing with free surface flows, hydrodynamic stability, two-phase flows, fluid/structure interaction problems, biomechanics, rheology and polymer processing. It has also significant experience in developing various numerical methods (Finite element, boundary element, finite difference, volume of fluid, etc.). All mentioned above represent John’s research interests. Selected Publications: • G Karapetsas, NK Lampropoulos, Y Dimakopoulos, J Tsamopoulos, Transient flow of gravity- driven viscous films over 3D patterned substrates: conditions leading to Wenzel, Cassie and intermediate states, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 21 (2), 17 (2017). • D Fraggedakis, M Pavlidis, Y Dimakopoulos, J Tsamopoulos, On the velocity discontinuity at a critical volume of a bubble rising in a viscoelastic fluid, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 789, 310- 346 (2016). • E Lac, D Barthes-Biesel, NA Pelekasis, J Tsamopoulos, Spherical capsules in three-dimensional unbounded Stokes flows: effect of the membrane constitutive law and onset of buckling, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 516, 303-334 (2004). • JA Tsamopoulos, RA Brown, Nonlinear oscillations of inviscid drops and bubbles, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 127, 519-537 (1983). • D Fraggedakis, Y Dimakopoulos, J Tsamopoulos, Yielding the yield-stress analysis: a study focused on the effects of elasticity on the settling of a single spherical particle in simple yield-stress fluids, Soft matter 12 (24), 5378-5401 (2016). 5

Resume of As. Professor Yannis Dimakopoulos Dr Yannis Dimakopoulos is a tenured Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering of University of Patras. He graduated in 1997 from the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Patras. In 2003, he received his Master’s and PhD degrees. His Doctoral thesis focused on the air induced displacement of complex fluids that have macromolecular structures (e.g. application in a bronchial operation: the airway reopening). From 2004 to 2005, he served his military service in the Greek army having the specialty of Chemical Engineer. In 2005 he was appointed adjunct lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Patras. In 2007 he joined the Soft tissue biomechanics & engineering Group in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Technical University of Eindhoven in the Netherlands. He worked for two and half years with Professor Dr. ir. Frank Baaijens, a world leader in tissue engineering of cardiac valves and microvessels. His research was focused on the investigation of the mechanism of how native and tissued aortic valves deform, move and respond under physiological hemodynamic conditions. At the same time, he was a member of the Institute of Material Technology (MaTE) of the Technical University of Eindhoven. In 2010, he rejoined the Laboratory of Computational Fluid Dynamics in the University of Patras, working on the modeling and simulation of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive materials. In 2011, he was elected non-tenured Assistant Professor at the University of Patras. From 2012 to 2014, he was a researcher at the University of Cyprus working with Prof. George Georgiou on the mesoscopic modeling of Red Blood Cell migration in microvessels. In January 2014, he was formally appointed as Assistant Professor in the field of Transport Phenomena in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Patras. In September 2014, he joined the Interdepartmental post-graduate program on Science and Technology of Polymers of the University of Patras as a faculty member. In July 2017, he was elected tenured Assistant Professor. Since January 2014, he has supervised four diploma theses, four master theses and one PhD student. At the same time, he was co-advisor of almost ten master or diploma theses and two PhD candidates. He has taught the following modules: Fluid Mechanics, Rheology of Complex Systems, Process Dynamics and Control, Computational Transport Phenomena, Numerical Analysis, and Advanced Numerical Methods. 6

In 1997, he received the award of the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE) for his performance during his undergraduate studies. In 2005 he received a two-year distinctive scholarship by IKY for post-doctoral research on parallel computing. His biography has been included in Who-is- Who in the world since 2005 and Who-is-Who in science since 2011. He is the major author or coauthor of 44 published articles in scientific journals, two that have already been submitted for publication, and three more that are under preparation. He is also the author or coauthor of 27 papers in conference proceedings. He has given 9 invited lectures and 101 presentations in International, American, European and Greek scientific congresses. He is also a member of the Editorial Board of ISRN Applied Mathematics since March 2011, Mathematical Problems in Engineering since July 2012, Journal of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Sciences, since October 2017, and very recently of the International Journal of Bioprocessing and Biotechniques. Moreover, he is a reviewer for 39 scientific journals, and three congresses. According to Google scholar he has 636 citations and an h-factor of 13. His current research focuses on the modeling and simulation of transport phenomena, fluid mechanics, numerical methods and rheology as well as on computational hemodynamics and biomechanics. Finally, he is a member of seven European and Greek Scientific Societies and has participated in twelve International Research Projects. Selected Publications: • J Tsamopoulos, S Varchanis, Y Dimakopoulos, Simulations in Agreement With Experiments Confirm That Blood Plasma Exhibits A Pronounced Viscoelastic Behavior, Bulletin of the American Physical Society 62 (2017). • Y Dimakopoulos, ACB Bogaerds, PD Anderson, MA Hulsen, F Baaijens, Direct numerical simulation of a 2D-stented aortic heart valve at physiological flow rates, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering 15 (11), 1157-1179 (2012). • D Fraggedakis, J Papaioannou, Y Dimakopoulos, J Tsamopoulos , Discretization of three- dimensional free surface flows and moving boundary problems via elliptic grid methods based on variational principles, Journal of Computational Physics 344, 127-150 (2017). • S Varchanis, Y Dimakopoulos, J Tsamopoulos, Evaluation of tube models for linear entangled polymers in simple and complex flows, Journal of Rheology 62 (1), 25-47 (2018). • S Tsouka, Y Dimakopoulos, V Mavrantzas, J Tsamopoulos, Stress-gradient induced migration of polymers in corrugated channels, Journal of Rheology 58 (4), 911-947 (2014) 7

Resume of Dr Alexandros Syrakos Dr Syrakos is a Research Associate employed in the Fluids Lab since 2014. He acquired MEng and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Leeds (1999) and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (2006), respectively. His Ph.D. thesis focused on the development of Finite Volume methods for fluid flows. During 2007-2011 he was employed at the Environmental Technology Laboratory of the University of Western Macedonia (UoWM) where he was responsible for developing an operational system for producing daily meteorological and air-pollution forecasts for the region of West Macedonia. The operational system was based on the accredited meteorology and air-pollution software MM5, WRF and CMAQ. During this period he also worked as an adjunct lecturer in the Mechanical Engineering Department of the UoWM, teaching several undergraduate modules pertaining to programming, mathematics, and numerical methods. In 2012 he moved to Cyprus where he was employed at the Oceanography Centre of the University of Cyprus to work on the parallelisation of their operational ocean forecast model, CYCOFOS. At the same time, he was introduced into the scientific field of rheology, and viscoplasticity in particular, by Prof. Georgios Georgiou, Director of the Oceanography Centre; their collaboration resulted in a number of published papers on the development and application of Finite Volume methods for the simulation of viscoplastic flows. Since September 2014 he has been employed in the Fluids Lab where he has been developing Finite Volume methods for other classes of rheologically complex flows, namely viscoelastic and elasto-viscoplastic flows, and applying them to problems of practical/engineering significance, such as for the simulation of the operation of fluid dampers. Selected publications: • Syrakos A., Dimakopoulos Y., Tsamopoulos J. (2018). Theoretical study of the flow in a fluid damper containing high viscosity silicone oil: Effects of shear-thinning and viscoelasticity. Physics of Fluids, 30: 030708. • Syrakos A., Dimakopoulos Y., Georgiou G.C., Tsamopoulos J. (2016). Viscoplastic flow in an extrusion damper. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 232: 102–124. • Syrakos A., Georgiou G.C., Alexandrou A.N. (2015). Thixotropic flow past a cylinder. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 220: 44–56. • Syrakos A., Georgiou G.C., Alexandrou A.N. (2013). Solution of the square lid-driven cavity flow of a Bingham plastic using the finite volume method. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 195: 19–31. • Syrakos A., Efthimiou G., Bartzis J.G., Goulas A. (2012). Numerical experiments on the efficiency of local grid refinement based on truncation error estimates. Journal of Computational Physics 231: 6725–6753. 8

Members 40 years

staff Dr John Dr Yannis Irene Tsamopoulos Dimakopoulos Mavreli Professor Assistant Professor Secretary & Director Chemical Engineer Chemical Engineer Technical Staff Dr Alexandros Dr George Dr Dionysis Syrakos Karapetsas Photeinos Research Associate Assistant Professor Research Associate Mechanical Engineer Chemical Engineer Chemical Engineer 10

PhD -Candidates Dionysis Stylianos Konstantinos George Pettas Varchanis Yannocostas Makrygiorgos PhD Candidate PhD Candidate PhD Candidate PhD Candidate Physicist Chemical Engineer Physicist Chemical Engineer Pantelis Vlasis Michalis Moschopoulos Mitsoulas Kaffetzakis PhD Candidate PhD Candidate PhD Candidate Chemical Engineer Mechanical Engineer Civil Engineer 11

Diploma-Candidates Hanin Constantina Ellie Alexaxi Psaraki Chryssou Diploma Diploma Diploma Candidate Candidate Candidate Georgia Thanos Ioannou Kordalis PhD Candidate Diploma Candidate 12

Research 40 years

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Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics & Rheology History The Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Rheology (the \"Fluids Lab\") of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Patras (UP) was founded in 1992 by I. Tsamopoulos, originally under the name \"Laboratory of Computational Fluid Dynamics\". Prof. Tsamopoulos obtained a postgraduate degree in Dynamical Systems and a Ph.D. in Fluid Dynamics from the M.I.T., while he also acquired many years of teaching and research experience as a faculty member of the Chemical Engineering Department of the State University of New York (Buffalo). After being elected as a faculty member of the Chemical Engineering Department of UP he founded the Fluids Lab of which he has been the Director until the present day. The Lab's secretary has always been Mrs. Irene Mavreli, who has helped significantly in matters of administrative management. An early member of the research team, who contributed to the development of the Laboratory, was N. Pelekasis, who is now a Professor at the University of Thessaly. The original Lab equipment consisted of workstations (IBM, HP, and Silicon Graphics), which were later replaced by clusters of parallel processing systems, giving the laboratory considerable self-reliance on large-scale research projects.I n 2013, Mr. Dimakopoulos officially joined the laboratory as an Assistant Professor. The laboratory has participated in a variety of research projects, within which 9 Postdoctoral Researchers have been employed and 15 Ph.D.’s and 19 postgraduate diplomas have been awarded. Of the Lab’s associates, today four are faculty members at Universities in the country. . Research activities The research topics of the laboratory are related to Fluid Mechanics, Rheology, Transport Phenomena, Stability & Process Dynamics, and Numerical Methods for Continuum Mechanics. Applications come from new materials production processes and energy-saving processes. Today the main research fields include, among others: * Biological flows: In the area of hemodynamics (blood flow), the influence of viscoelasticity on the velocity and stress fields and on the haematocrit is investigated, as well as its effect on the formation of the cell depletion layer in microvessels in the presence of the glycocalyx layer. Constitutive models are developed and tested for the accurate description of the blood response to deformations. 15

Staff - Emails John Tsamopoulos Director [email protected] Yannis Dimakopoulos Ass. Professor [email protected] Irene Mavreli Secretary [email protected] Alexandros Syrakos Research Associate [email protected] Web Site http://fluidslab.chemeng.upatras.gr Personnel - Emails Dionysis Pettas [email protected] Stylianos Varchanis [email protected] Constantinos Yannocostas [email protected] George Makrygiorgos [email protected] Pantelis Moschopoulos [email protected] Vlasis Mitsoulas [email protected] Michalis Kaffetzakis [email protected] Hanin Alexaki [email protected] Constantina Psaraki [email protected] Thanos Kordalis tkordalis8 @gmail.com Georgia Ioannou [email protected] Ellie Chryssou [email protected] * Yield stress materials: One of the main research fields of the Laboratory is the study of materials that behave either as liquids, when the magnitude of the applied stresses exceeds the so-called yield stress, or as solids otherwise. Such materials include suspensions of solids (e.g. cement), pastes (e.g. toothpaste), emulsions (e.g. sunscreens, creams), and several foodstuffs (e.g. mayonnaise, ketchup). Using appropriate constitutive models, their behavior in complex flows is investigated, such as phase separation due to sedimentation of solid or liquid particles and buoyancy of bubbles. In addition, based on experimental observations, new constitutive models are developed which take into account phenomena that occur in the microstructure of the material. The overall treatment of this problem allows the compatibility of constitutive equations with different classes of \"real\" materials that exhibit yield stress. 16

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* Stability of processes: The study of flow stability is very important in determining the range of parameters within which a process should take place in order to produce a product of the desired quality in the shortest amount of time and at the lowest cost. Instabilities occur in almost all processes when attempting to increase the production rate. Examples of instabilities are the \"shark skin instability during polymer expulsion or the collapse of the hydrophobic properties of a surface with appropriate topography. These and other phenomena are examined by numerical calculation by the Arnoldi method of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the equations describing each process. BASIC INFRASSTRUCTURE The Lab is equipped with 5 computing clusters consisting of 35 nodes and a total power of 214 cores. The total RAM of the clusters is 1.8 TB and the total storage capacity is 16 TB. There are also 11 single-CPU workstations with a total of 49 cores, 620 GB RAM and 7 TB total storage capacity. Of these, four are equipped with CUDA graphics cards. In addition, the Fluids Lab is equipped with a Network Accessible Storage (NAS) system with a total capacity of 20 TB used as a backup server. Taking advantage of the computational power of the Lab, we develop new computational methods to solve the equations that govern each process, expanding the laboratory's extensive collection of source code. We also develop algorithms that can quickly and accurately predict the rheological properties of materials through the method of nonlinear least squares fitting. The methods we apply and the codes we use are: ● Finite Elements, Spectral Elements, Finite Differences, Finite Volumes and Boundary Elements for the accurate solution of the physical laws that govern each process at the macroscopic or mesoscopic scale. Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods for the simulation of multiphase flows or of flows with free surfaces. Parallelization techniques and protocols such as MPI and OpenMP to reduce the computation time. ● Use of open-source software (e.g. OpenFOAM, FEniCS) which we appropriately modify to handle a variety of polymeric fluid flows. ● Fictitious Domain methods and improved Lagrange methods for suspension flow. ● Advanced grid generation algorithms to simulate free surface and multi-phase flows typically occurring in chemical engineering processes. Both structured and unstructured grid generation methods can be used which can adjust the location of the grid nodes according to the flow field. The set of elliptical or hyperbolic differential equations are solved to describe the motion of the grid along curves, surfaces and volumes. 18

Results ● Mechanical control of pressure sensitive adhesives, PSAs: PSAs were studied under the EU- funded project MODIFY to gain a basic understanding of the role of polymer structure and properties in their behavior. We simulated their mechanical control, according to which a film is placed between two parallel plates and the upper one is pulled upwards. Then, due to cavitation, bubbles form that swell and lead to a fibrous structure and breakage of the adhesive. The figure is a snapshot of the experimental simulations performed by the French partner group, where 99 bubbles were formed. Our transient and three-dimensional results are in very good agreement with the experiments. We are currently examining how this mechanism is affected by the rheological properties of the material and by the breakdown of the formed fibrils. ● The \"shark skin\" instability in polymer extrusion: When extruding a polymer, instabilities occur that limit its rate of production. By analyzing linear stability with the ePTT rheological model, we found that the flow becomes unstable when the appropriate dimensionless number that compares the relaxation time with the process time exceeds a critical value due to a Hopf bifurcation. The corresponding eigenvector shows that, in addition to periodicity in time, the flow acquires a periodic in space structure, starting from the rim of the mold, extends ~ 5 diameters downstream, but is limited to the region near the surface of the polymer, in agreement with the experiments. The instability comes from the singular point on the rim of the extruder, which causes a strong extension in the polymer chains. The shape gives the portion of the critical eigenvector associated with (a) radial / axial velocity and (b) pressure. ● Blood Plasma Viscoelasticity: Blood plasma has been considered Newtonian fluid for many decades. Recent experiments have shown that it has strong viscoelastic behavior. This was based on its deformation during the collapse of a thin plasma filament and its rapid flow inside a contraction-expansion microchannel. Due to the fact that plasma is a solution with very low viscosity, conventional rheometers can not determine its viscoelasticity. Using computational rheology and a constitutive model based on molecular theory, we accurately predict its response to strong extensional and shear flows (see figure below the title of the lab). Full rheological characterization of plasma provides the first quantitative estimate of its viscoelastic properties. We find that although plasma is characterized by a range of extremely -3 - short relaxation times (~ 10 -10 5 s), its elastic nature is predominant in flows taking place in microvessels. We show that it exhibits severe hardening in extensive deformations due to the extention of the proteins it contains, and especially the fibrinogen. These findings confirm its viscoelastic character and indicate that this should also be taken into account when considering the flow of whole blood. . 19

DNS Fluid-Structure-Interaction 20

Oscillating Bubbles in Yield-Stress-Fluids 21

Bubble Interactions & Collapse 22

Fiber Reinforced Plastic Sample 23

Multiphase Flows in Porous Media 24

Optimization Algorithms & Deep Learning 25

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Collaborations 40 years

Intra-Departmental Collaborations The Fluids Lab has tight collaboration with the rest research groups of ChemEngUP as well as the Oceanographic Center of Cyprus The research activities of the other groups of the Department of Chemical Engineering cover the following areas of research: • Polymer Science and Technology • Transport Phenomena • Computational Engineering • Nanotechnology, Thin Films, Surfaces and Study of Interfacial Surfaces • Applied Physical Chemistry • Science and Engineering of Materials • Systems Engineering • Environmental Chemical Engineering • Environmental Biotechnology - Utilization of Waste and Natural Raw Materials, Sustainable Management of Natural Raw Materials • Applied mathematics • Catalytic and Electrochemical Processes • Renewable Energy Engineering 28

ChemEngUP Infrastructure The research groups of the Department actively participate in national and European competitive programs related to basic and applied research. Photos of some of the infrastructures of ChemEngUP. 29

Oceanography Center The Oceanography Center (OC-UCY) is a Research Unit in the School of Sciences, University of Cyprus (UCY). It plays a key role in the marine research of the Eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin and its scope of activities includes numerical models (flow, oil spill and general pollutant dispersion, and sea state predictions), operational and biological oceanography, satellite remote sensing, remote in-situ monitoring, hydrography, data and metadata management, and operational oceanography. OC-UCY has participated in many EU-funded and national projects. Currently, the Center runs 9 programmes (more than 2M euros for OC-UCY). OC-UCY has developed and operates the Cyprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting and Observing System, which provides operationally, forecasts for sea currents, temperature and slicks detection and predictions Marine biological research at OC-UCY focuses on the investigation of marine biodiversity and abundance in the Levantine, and on the mapping of coastal areas in Cyprus. OC-UCY also carries out environmental impact assessments and performs water analyses for nutrient concentrations. In particular, OC-UCY actively contributes to the enhancement of knowledge concerning marine life which is essential to the determination of the legislation regarding the adaptation to climate change. OC-UCY also assesses the effects of climate change through the study of biodiversity by monitoring physical parameters and recording invasive species. The infrastructure of OC-UCY includes oceanographic equipment such as: 2 gliders, a mooring profiler, multi-parametric probes, CTDs, Rosettes, ADCP, Zooscanner, coastal sea level stations. 30

Director Professor Georgios Georgiou has more than 30 years of experience in computational rheology, computational fluid dynamics, numerical analysis, and oceanography. After completing his PhD in Chemical Engineering (University of Michigan, 1989) he worked at Université Catholique de Louvain (Belgium) as a postdoctoral researcher (1990-1992). In 1992, he joined the newly- established University of Cyprus (Department of Mathematics and Statistics) as a Lecturer and became Full Professor in 2004. In the past 20 years, he has been involved as a coordinator or a partner in many EU-funded and national research projects (>€2M for the University of Cyprus). He has published more than 160 peer-reviewed publications (>130 journal papers) and abstracts and a fluid mechanics book (CRC Press), and edited four proceedings volumes. He served as the guest editor of two international rheological journals and as a reviewer in many (>90) international scientific journals. He has also taught undergraduate or graduate courses at the University of Crete, the University of Patras, the University of the Aegean, the Cyprus University of Technology, and the Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana (Brasil). Dr. Georgiou established the Oceanography Center (OC) in 2003 which became the first Research Unit in the School of Pure and Applied Sciences in 2009. He served as the Interim Director of the Center from 2003 to 2015 and he was elected as its first Director (2.2015-2.2019). So far, the OC attracted more than €6M mainly from European Union (>€2M for its current projects). Current Projects 1. European Commission. Directorate General, Grant Agreement No. EASME/EMFF/2016/1.2.1.2/06/SI2.749365, Blue Career Centre of Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea (MENTOR), 1.3.2017-28.2.2019 (€113.848/€689.762). Coordinator 2. Interreg Med (1MED15_1.1_M12_116, 1218). Maritime Energy Strategies for Local Enterprises (MAESTRALE) 1.11.2016 - 31.10.2019 (€216,912/€2.4M). Partner 3. European Commission (MARE/2014/41 SI2.721917). Towards the establishment of Marine Protected Area Networks in the Eastern Mediterranean (PROTOMEDEA). 1.12.2015 - 30.11.2018. (€45.004/€600.00). Partner 4. European Commission. Directorate General, Grant Agreement No. ECHO/SUB/2016/740129/PREP/21, Expended Underwater Robotics ready for oil spill (e- URready4OS), 1.1.2017-31.12.2018 (€34.684/€774.739) Partner 5. European Commission (H2020-BG-2014-2, 635359). Bringing together Research and Industry for the Development of Glider Environmental Services (BRIDGES), 1.3.2015-28.2.2019 (€263,750/€7.8M). Partner 31

Relevant publications 1. A. Nikolaidis, G. Georgiou, D. Hadjimitsis and E. Akylas, Filling in missing sea-surface temperature satellite data over the Eastern Mediterranean Sea using the DINEOF algorithm, Central European Journal of Geosciences 6, 27-41 (2014). 2. G. Zodiatis, G. Galanis, A. Nikolaidis, C. Kalogeri, D. Hayes, G.C. Georgiou, P.C. Chu, and G. Kallos, Wave Energy Potential in the Eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin. An integrated 10-year study, Renewable Energy 69, 311-323 (2014). 3. G. Coppini, M. De Dominicis, G. Zodiatis, R. Lardner, N. Pinardi, R. Santoleri, S. Colella, F. Bignami, D.R. Hayes, D. Soloviev, G. Georgiou, G. Kallos, Hindcast of oil spill pollution during the Lebanon crisis, July-August 2006, Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, 140-153 (2011). MAESTRALE Project MAESTRALE is an Interreg MED 2014-2020 Programme co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The University of Siena, (UNISI) coordinates a consortium of 10 partners from Italy, Greece, Malta, Spain, Portugal, Croatia, Slovenia and Cyprus (Oceanography Centre, University of Cyprus). The MAESTRALE project intends to lay the basis for a Maritime Energy Deployment Strategy in the Mediterranean. Based on a survey of existing and innovative technologies, hindrances and potentials in participating countries, it aims to widen knowledge sharing among scientists, policy makers, entrepreneurs and citizens and prompt effective actions and investments for blue growth. So far no progress has been made regarding concrete initiatives and operating plants in the MED area despite the plethora of academic and technical studies in the field of renewable blue energy. To fill this gap, project partners cooperate to detect maritime renewable energy potentials in participating countries as regards their physical, legal, technological, economic and social contexts. Environmental sustainability, technological innovation, acceptability by citizens, and possible conflicts with marine ecosystems are among the issues to be addressed. 32

The main deliverables of MAESTRALE are the Blue Energy Labs (BELs), taking place in each participating region and involve local enterprises, public authorities, knowledge institutions and citizens with the aim to support future blue energy policies and plan concrete strategies for blue growth. Pilot projects in each participating country will serve the purpose of raising awareness among local stakeholders, facilitating social acceptance, decreasing uncertainty and increasing feasibility of concrete interventions. Forty BELs will be organized (4 in 10 participating regions), in order to promote Blue Growth taking into account the legislation, the Blue Energy potential in the region, and the availability of technological infrastructure, the prospects of funding, and investment opportunities. https://maestrale.interreg-med.eu/ 33

Innovative Science & Engineering The Fluids Lab University of Patras Department of Chemical Engineering Karatheodori 1, Rio 26500 GR, Greece Phones: Director: (+30) 2610997203 Lab: (+30) 2610969559 Fax: (+30) 2610996178 Emails: [email protected] [email protected]