m:rrsaercH norma. Oco6a5! BHHMareJibHOCTb Heo6xonrrMa rrprr II3BJie'Ie- HIIII H3 IIOlJBbl ca:tKeHl[.eB 5!6JIOHII, IIpiiBHTblX Ha IIO,LLBOHX M9, rrapa,LLII3- Ke EynaroBcKoro, M26, raK KaK rrocJie,LLHIIe 11MeJOr TOHKI1e, xpyrrKIIe KOpHH, KOTOpb!e B IIJIOTHOH IIOlJBe o6pbiBaJOTC5I. nepBblH rrpoxo,LL rrprr BblKOIIKe ,LLeJiaeTC5! B,LLOJib noporrr. BbiKOIIOlJ- Hb!H arperar B 3aB11CI1MOCTII OT Y,U06CTBa MO:tKeT pa6oraTb «Ha C6JIII- :tKeH11e», cy:tKI1Ba5! BbiKaiibiBaeMyJO C ,LLBYX CTOpOH IIOJIOCY p5I,LLOB, 11JIII «Ha pacwrrpeHI1e», HalJHHa5! Bb!KOIIKY B,LLOJib ,LLOpOrH 11 Bb!KaiibiBaH p5!- ,LLbl ,LLBYX CMe:tKHbiX IIOJIOC. 3a IIJIYfOM 065!3aTeJibHO ,LLOJI:tKeH II,LLT11 pa60lJ11H, KOTOpb!H CJieJ[.I1T 3a KalJeCTBOM pa60Tbl IIJiyra 11 OlJHW:aer ero B KOHl[.e p5IJI.OB HJII1 OCTa- HaBJIHBaer arperar, Korna oH rropr11r ca:tKeHLI.bi. 2ho olJeHb orser- CTBeHHaH pa6ora. [Jiy6HHa Bb!KOIIKH O,LLHOJieTOK- 30-35 CM, JI.BYX- .'!eTOK- 35-40 CM. B HacroHw:ee speYIH rrpoxoJI.HT rocyJI.apCTBeHHoe HCIIbrraHHe 11 pe- KoMeHJI.OBaH ,LLJIH BhliiYCKa OIIhlTHOH rraprHeif arperar J[.JIH BhlKOIIKH ca:tKeHLI.eB ABC-0,6, KOropbrA rrpOTpHXHBaer rroqsy rronpe3aeMoro IIJ1aCTa Ha crreuaa.'!bHOM rpaHcrroprepe, 'ITO CI1JibHO o6Jierqaer Bbr6op- KY pacreHHA. Cpe,LLHee ycHJII1e ,LLJIH BhlracKI1BaHHH pacreHI1A He rrpe- Bhrwaer 2 Kr, ror,LLa KaK rrp11 BbiKOIIKe BDH-2 oHo cocraBJIHer 30 Kr 11 6oJiee. Dpa Heo6xo,LLI1MOCTH Bhl6opoiiHoA BhlKOIIKH ca:tKeHLI.hl rrprrxo~11rcH Korrarb spyiiHyJO. TexHHKa BbiKOIIKI1 rrpa 3TOM raKoBa. BbrKaiibiBaJOT Bll.BOeM. CHaqa.'!a BLI.OJib pH;r.a, orcryrrH rrprrMepHo Ha 25-30 CYI or pacreHHA, rrpopbiBaJOT KaHaBy r.1y611HOH B ;r.Ba WTbiKa JJorrarbi. H113 CTeHKH CO CTOpOHbl p5I,LLa IIO.'[.Kaiib!BaJOT, lJT06bi IIO,LLpy6HTb KOpHII, 11.'I.YW:11e BHI13. 3areM rrepBbiH pa6oraJOW:HA 6eper ca:tKeHeu O:lHOH pyKoi'I HH:tKe Mecra rrp11BI1BK11, a Bropoi'I pyKoi'I- 3a wraM6 OKOJIO KpOHbi. BropoA pa6oraJOw:rrA B 3To BpeMH 3aXOJ.HT c rrporHBOIIOJIO:tK- HoA KaHaBe cropoHbi ca:tKeHua H rronpe3aer JJOrraroA KOM 3eMJJI1 BO- Kpyr Hero. OepBbiH pa6oraJOIUHH IIOCJJe 3TOrO Bb!TaCKHBaer ca:tKe- HeU H3 IIO'!Bbl. Ec,1H pH,.'!, H3pe:tKeHHbiH, Ka:tKJI.bii'I ca:tKeHeu KonaJOr or;r.eJJbHO. l.LJIH 3TOrO BOKpyr Hero Ha 2/ 3 OKpy:tKHOCTI1 pO!OT KaHaBy rJJy6HHOH B ,LLBa lliTbii<a JIOIIaTbl, IIO,.'I.py6aJOT KOpHH II Ca:tKeHel[. BbiTaCKHBaJOT TaK :tKe, KaK 11 B rrepBOM CJiyqae. CoprwposKa. CoprHpoBKY ca:tKeHueB o6hl4HO crpeMHTCH coBMe- crHTb C Bb!KOIIKOH, '-IT06b! He ;J:CJiaTb BpeMeHHOH IIp11KOIII<H B IIOJie. 3ro ,'!erqe yuaercH rrpa ,LLJII1HHbiX roHax, Korna rrp11XO,LLHTCH J:OJibWe o:tKH,LLaTb arperar. Copr11py10r OIIbiTHbie pa6oiii1e HJIH re, rwropbre BbiTaCKHBaJOT ca:tKeHl[.bl. PaccopniponaiiHbie ca:tKeHUbi cBH3biBaJOT B IIY'IIOI, IIprmperrJJHJOT 3THKenm 11, rrorpy3HB Ha aBTOMaWHHY I!JJH B rpaKTOpHyJO TeJJe:tKKy, OTI!p3BJJHIOT Ha IIpHKOIIOlJHb!H Y'-!3CTOK liJlli B crreLI.HaJJbHoe xpmmJIHW:e, r:r.e HX rrpHI<aiibiBaJOr JI.O peaJJH3aurm. DpH Heo6xoLI.HMOCTH BbiKorraHHbie ca:tKeHLI.bi CHalJaJJa rrpHK3IIbiBa- JOT TYT :JI<e B IIOJJe, a IIOTOM COpTilp)'!OT. 3ro UeJ1ecoo6pa3HO TOJ!bKO B rex CJJy'-!aHX, KOr,Ua ITO opraHH33UHOHHbiM IIp11lJHHaM HeJJb351 rrepe- Be3TH HX K Mecry rrpHKOIIKH JI.JJH pea.1JI33l[.HH. 208
Bo BpeM51 Bb!KO'IIKI1 He CJieJI.yeT OCTaBJI51Tb pa36pocaHHbiMII B IIOJie Heiip11BI1Thie IIO,'I,BOI1, caMeHU:hi-6paK 11 T. II., TaK KaK OH11 BTaiiThiBa- IOTC51 ryceH11U:aMI1 11 KOJieCaMI1 B rpyHT 11 CI1JibHO MeWaiOT IIOCJie,'I.yiO- III.eH o6pa6oTKe 11 11CIIOJih30BaHI1IO yqacTKa. Mx cJieJI.yeT Bh1611pa Th so BpeM51 Bb!KOIIKI1 11 Bh!B0311Tb. CopT11pyroT caMeHU:hi B cooTBeTCTBI111 c Tpe6osaHI151MI1 OCT. BhiCOTa wTaM6a ;:r:syxJieTOK 516JIOHI1, np11BI1ThiX Ha CI1JihHopocJihiX H cpe,!I.HepOCJihiX IIO,li.B051X, B IOMHOH H cpe,!I.HeH 30He Ca,li.OBO,li.CTBa ,li.OJI)KHa 6hiTb 60-·80 CM, IIp11BI1Th!X Ha CJia6opOCJibiX IIO,'I.B051X, a TaK- Me CO BCTaBKOH KapJI11KOBOfO IIO,li.B051- 50-60 CM, y ,'I.BYXJieTOK_ rpy- llii1, IIp11Bl1TbiX Ha CI1JibHOp0CJihiX 110,li.B051X,- 60-70 CM, IIp11BI1TbiX Ha aifBe- 50-60 CM. Y JI.BYXJieTOK Bl1lliHI1 11 CJII1Bbl B cpe,'I,Heif 30He Ca,li.OBO,'I.CTBa Bb!CO- Ta lliTaM6a JI:OJI2KHa 6b!Tb 50-60 CM. B cesepHoif 30He esponeifcKoii qacTH PC<PCP, Ha Ypa.1e, B Crr- 6rrp11 11 Ha )laJibHe:vr BocToKe JI.BYXJieTKI1 516JIOHH, rpywn, BHWHH H CJIHBbl ,li.OJIMHbl HMeTb WTaM6 Bb!COTOH 40-50 C.M. Y JI:ByX,'IeTOK BHlli- HH CTeiTHOH H B11lliHH BOHJ!Ol.!HOH yl.!HTbiBaeTC51 TOJibKO o6IUa51 BbiCOTa pacTeHH51, KOTOpa51 ,li.JI51 nepBOfO COpTa ,li.OJI2KHa COCTaBJI51Tb He MeHee 60 CM, ,li.JI51 BTOpOrO COpTa- 40 C.M. MHHHMaJibHhiH ,'I,Ha.MeTp WTaM6a Ha Bh!COTe 10 CM OT :vrecTa IIpH- BHBKH y JI.BYXJieTOK 516JIOHH, rrpHBHT~X Ha CHJibHOpOCJI~X 110,li.B051~ B IOMHOH 30He ,'1,.151 nepsoro co pTa yCTaHOBJieH 1,8 cM, ,'1..'151 BToporo COpTa- 1,6 CM, y IIpHBHTh!X Ha cpe;LHepoCJibiX IIO,li.B051X HJIH Ha ce- MeHHbiX CO BCTaBJ<OH KapJI!11\\0BOfO IIO,'I.B051 - - COOTBeTCTBeHHO IIO cop- TaM 1,7 H 1,5 CM. Y JI.BYXJieTOK rpywH, IIpHBHThiX Ha CHJibHOpOCJibiX IIO,li.B051X, MHHI1- MaJibHhiif JI.HaMeTp wTa:vr6a B IOMHOH 30He JI:JI51 nepsoro copTa ycTa- HOBJieH 1,8 CM, ,'I.JI51 BTOporo COpTa - 1,6 C.M. Y rpywH, IIpHBHTOH Ha aifBe,- COOTBeTCTBeHHO 1,6 H 1,4 C.M. B cpeJI.Heif 30He ca,'I.OBOJI.CTBa MHHHMaJibHhJH ;uiaMeTp wTaM6a ,'1.0- rrycKaeTCH Ha 1 .MM .MeHbllie, l.!eM ,'I.JI51 COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHX KaTerOp11H B IOMHOH 30He. B cesepHoif 3oHe esporreifcKoif qacTH PC<PCP, Ha YpaJie, B Crr- 6rrp11 11 Ha )laJibHeM BocToKe MIIHH.MaJibHhiH JI.Ha:vreTp wTaM6a ,'I.Byx- JieTOK 516JIOHH, rpyWH, BHlliHH H CJIHBbl 1,5 CM ,li.JI51 rrepBOfO COpT a H 1,3 CM ,li.JI51 BTOporo COpT a, CTBOJIHKOB JI.BYXJieTOK BHlliHH CTeiiiWH H BHlliHH BOHJ!Ol.!HOH- COOTBeTCTBeHHO IIO COpT aM 0,8 H 0,5 C.M. MHHHMaJibHaH JI:JIHHa ocHOBHhiX rro6eros KpOHhi JI.BYXJieTOK HOJJO- HI1, IIpHBI1ThiX Ha CI1JibHOpOCJibiX 110.J,B051X B IOMHOH 30He ,'I.JI51 rrepBOfO COpT a ycTaHOB.'IeHa 60 CM, ,!I.JI51 BTOporo COpTa - 50 CM, y IIpHBHTbiX Ha cpe,!I.HepocJihiX IIOJI.B051X- cooTBeTCTBeHHO 50 11 40 c:vr. B cpe,!I.Heif 30- He 3TOT IIOKa3aTeJih paBeH COOTBeTCTBeHHO 50, 40, 40 H 30 CM. Y ,'I.ByX- JieTOK 516JIOHI1, IIpHBHTbiX Ha CJia6opOCJibiX (noJiyKapJIHKOBbiX HJIH KapJI11KOBhiX) IIO,li.B051X, a TaKMe Ha CeMeHHbiX 110,li.B051X CO BCT3BKOH KapJIHKOBOfO IIO,'I,B051, Ha IOre H B cpe,!I.HeH 30He 3TOT 110Ka3aTeJib ,!I.JIH nepsoro copTa 40 CM, JI.JI51 BTOporo copTa 30 CM. 14 C I I CTenaHoB 209
Y JJ:BYXJieTOK rpyuHI, I1p11BI1TbiX Ha CI1JlbHOpOCJiblX TIO;J.B051X, B IOJK- HOA 30He MHHHMaJibHa51 ,UJI11Ha OCHOBHhlX no6erOB y nepsoro COpTa '60 cM, BToporo copTa 50 cM, nsyxJieTOK rpyum, npHBHTbiX Ha aAse,- cooTBeTCTBeHHO 50 11 40 CM. B cpe,n:HeA 30He canosoncTBa 3TH no- Ka3aTeJII1 COCTaBJI5110T 50, 40, 40 11 30 CM. Y JJ:BYXJieTOK BHWHI1 11 CJIHBbl B cpe,UHeA 30He MI1HI1MaJibHa51 ,UJIH- Ha ocHOBHbiX no6eros y nepsoro copra 50 cM, y BToporo copra 40 CM. B cesepHoA 30He esponeAcKoA 11aCTH PC<t>CP, Ha YpaJie, B CH- 611pH 11 Ha )laJibHe:w BocTOKe y nsyxJieTOK H6JIOHH, rpywH, BI1WHI1 H CJIHBbl nepBOfO COpT a MHHHMaJibHa51 ,UJI11Ha OCHOBHblX TI06erOB 40 CM, BToporo copTa- 30 cM. MI1HHMaJibHa51 ;.LJIHHa KOpHeA ,ii,BYXJieTOK Ha CeMeHHbiX TIOJJ,B051X BO scex 30Hax y nepsoro copTa JJ:OJI:tKHa 6biTb 30 CM, y BToporo copTa- 25 CM, y ,LI,ByXJieTOK Ha KJIOHOBhlX TIOJI,B051X ;.LJIHHa KOpHeA nepBOfO H BToporo copTa He MeHee 25 CM. 4HCJIO OCHOBHblX pa3BeTBJieHI1A KOpHesoA CHCreMbl JJ:BYXJieTOK Ha KapJIHKOBbiX nonsoHx y nepsoro copTa He MeHhWe Tpex, BToporo cop- r a - He MeHee JJ,ByX. ,.ll.JIH CaJKeHUeB !Ia ,n:pyrHX KJIOHOBbiX 11 CCMCHHbiX TIO,UB051X 3TOT TIOKa3aTCJlb COOTBCTCrBeHHO He MCHee TI51TI1 11 He MC- Ree Tpex. KpoMe cooTseTcrBI151 pa3MepHbiX xapaKTepHcTHK Ha,n:3e:v!HoA qacTI1, ''KOpHeBOA CHCTCMbl, Ol!eHb saJKHO npaBI1JibHO OUCIIHBaTb 11MC!OlUI1CC51 OTKJIOHeHI151 OT HOpMbi 11 rrospeJKJJ,eHHH. K 411CJIY nonycTHMbiX OTKJIO- HeHI1A y KOpHeBOA CI1CTeMbl OTHOC51TC51 MeJIKHe uaparri1Hbl, nope3bl, TIOJJ,CbiXaHHe OT,UCJibHbiX MCJIKI1X M04KOBaTblX KOpHeA, He60JibWOe TIOJJ:- Mep3aHI1e ;:I.peBeCHHbl np11 1KI1BOA KOpe, ITJICCHCBCHHe Or,UeJibHb!X MCo'I- 1<11X KOpeWKOB, HaTIJib!Bbl KOpHeBOfO pai<a Ha MCJII<I1X KOpHHX. Y wraM6a ,UOITYCKa!OrC51 He60JibW11e 11CKp!iBJICHI151, e,UHH!il!Hb!C He- ·60JibWI1C cse:tK11e nopaHCHHH, Y3KHe rpeiUHHbi KOpbr rrp11 HaJIH4HI1 JKH- soro Jiyfia H KaM6H51 C 60KOB rpeiU11Hbl, TIOBepXHOCrHbie 01KOfl1 KOpbl ( cerKa) 6e3 OMeprBCHH51 Jiy6a HJII1 C OMepTBeHHeM, He ,UOXO.l51lll.ll M no ,n:peseci1Hbi. Y KpOHhl JJ,OTIYCKa!Or TIOJIOMKH KOH411I<OB rrpOBO,UHHKa 11 60KOBhlX no6eros 11JIH B npyroM Mecre, HO np11 ycJioBHI1 B03MOJKHOCTH 3a:weHbi no6era, Jiemoe no,n:Mep3aHI1e ;r.pesecHHbi rrpH :tKHBoA Kope, nosepx- HocrHbie uapanHHbi Kopbi. He,Uonycri1Mbl TIO,'.l,CbiXaHHe OCHOBHblX KOpHeA, CJII1WKOM I<Opon.:lle KOpH11, TIOBpe:tK,ZI,eHH51 Kp0B51HOA 11JI!i B5130BO-rpywesoA rJieA, CIWbHbie IIO,UMep3aHH51 WraM6a II TI06erOB KpOHbl, pacrpeCKHBaHI151 KOpbl C KOJibUeBblM OTCJiai1BaHI1eM ee or ;.xpeBeCHHbl, Hao'IH411e llli1TIOB TIO,lB051 fl ero rropOCJIH, liOoTJOMKH Wr3M6a, HaJIH411e KOHKypeHrOB B Kp011e. HaJI114He WHTIOB IIOJJ,BOeB, KOpHeBOA nopocmr 11 KOHKypeHrOB B KpOHe MOJKer 6b!Tb HCrrpaBJieHO COOrBeTCrByiOW.eA o6pe3KOA. ,.Upynrc rrepe4HCJieHHble TIOBpe1K;J.eHH51 51BJI5110rC51 OCHOBaHHeM ,lJI51 Bbi6pai\\OB- Kll caJKeHua. 0pH HaJIH4HH OrKJIOHeHHA B pa3MepHbiX TIOKa3aTeJI51X Ha;J,3eM!IOH \"'!aCrl1 pewa!OIUHMH 51BJI5110TC51 ,ZI,HaMerp CrBOJia H K34eCrBO IWpHcil YnaKOBKa H nepeB03Ka noca)I,O'IHoro MarepHaJia. B HacroHw.ee :210
BpeMH HaH60Jibillee KOJIHLJeCTBO Ca)KeHI.I,eB rrepeB0351T Ha aBTOMaillH- HaX. EopTa MarnHHbi saKpbiBaJOT MernKOBHHOH HJIH MaTa:vm. Ha .UHO 2KeJiaTeJibHO KJiaCTb HC60JibillOH CJIOH CblpOH COJIOMbl. nyLJKH Ca)KCHI.I,eB M02KHO CTaBHTb OT Ka6HHbl H OT 3a)l.HCfO 6opTa. OT Ka6HHbi cTaBHT nyLJKH sepniKaJibHO, B03MO)KHO IIJIOTHee O,.'J.IIH K .UpyroMy. npH ycTaiiOBKe OT 3a)l.HCfO 6opTa IIOCJIC,'I.HHH IIO,J.BH3b!Ba- IOT C HaKJIOHOM Ha3a)l. H KJia,J.yT Ha Hero IIYLJKH KOCO, KaK IIpH npH- KOIIKe. Bo Bcex c.1yLJaHx Heo6xo,J.H:vto yi<pbiBaTb KOpHH BJia)KHOH Me.!J- Koif COJIOMOH HJIH B,'Ia)KHbiM :vtXOM. noc.'Ie sarpy3KH MaillHHbl Ca)KCH- I.I,bl yBH3biBaJOT, rrpep:sapHTe.1hHO yKpbiB HX 6pe3eHTOM. B ,J.opore rrpH OIIaCHOCTH nO)l.CYillHBaHHH KOpHeif HC06XO)l.H:vt0 Ca)KCHI.I,bl IIOJIIIBaTb. no )KCJie3HOH )l.Opore H BO)l.Hb!M TpaHCIIOpTO:vt Ca)KeHI.I,bl rrepeB0- 351T 6e3 ynaKOBKH H B yrraKOBKC. np11 nepeB03KC 6e3 ynaKOBKH B 16-TOHHbiH Baron MO)KHO no:vteCTHTb 5 Tb!C. ,J.ByX.1CTOK. npH nepeB03KC 6C3 YIIBKOBKII Ha ,J.HO BafOHa HBCTHJIBIOT BJia)K- HYIO MCJIKYIO COJ10:vty c.'Ioe:vt 10-15 c:vt. Ha Or'J,HH BaroH HY.tKHo rrpH- Mepno 500 Kr coJIOMbi. PaCTeHHH, CBH3aHHhie B nyLJKH, o6MaimBaJOT KOpHHMH B fJIHHHHYIO 60JITYillKY H YKJia,J.biBaJOT nJIBillMH B HeCKO.'IbKO CJIOCB HJIH nJIOTHO CTBBHT, LJT06bi OHH He TepJIHCb O,'I.HH 0 JJ.pyroif npH .li.BH)KeHHH noes,ll.a. liTo6bi He corpeaa.1HCb n He nJiecHeBemr KOpHH, JIIOKH B BaroHe OTKpbiBaiOT. Ca*eHUbi o6hiLJHO ynaKOBbiBaJOT B TJOKII «c roJioBoif». L(JIH 3Toro CHBLJaJia KpOHbl aKKypaTHO CTHfHBBIOT rnnaraTOM, noJIO)KHB HeMHOrO COJIOMbl MC)K)l.y no6eraMH. 3aTeM Ha noJiy l!JII1 Ha 3eM.'Ie paCCTHJiaiOT MernKOBHHy. Ha Hee KJIBJI:YT nyLJKII ca*eHues. B nepBOM pHP:Y .UOJI)K- HO 6h!Tb TpH nyLJKa, BO BTOpOM - ;J:Ba, B TpeTbeM- TpH, B LJeTBep- TOM- JJ.BB nyLJKa. KopHH KB)K,'J.oro pHAa rrepecJiaHBaJOT CbipbiM MXOM H BJia)KHOH COJIOMOH. 3aTeM f0.10BY TIOKB CTHrHBaJOT rnnaraTO:>.i H 06IllHBBIOT MeillKOBHHOH. Ha TIOK HasernHBaJOT 6npKy, JiyLJme Ha :vtHmoif rrpoao.1oi..:e ll.'IH KpenKOM rnrraraTe (pnc. 86). npHMepHbiH pacxo;x ynaKOBOLJHOfO Y!BTCpiiBJia Ha TIOK CB)]<Cill.I,CB (B Kr): C0.10\\Ia-CTap!!OBKa . 2,0-2,5 \\!SHall COJIO~!a 6-7 ~10x (cyxoii) 1,0-1,5 0,5-0,7 BCpeBKa 0,1 nmaraT 06maH Macca noKa )l.OJI.tKIIa 6hiTb He 6oJiee 25 Kr. Ha M.TIHescKoif onhiTHoif cTBHUIIH ca,.'J.OBOll:CTBa npaKTHKYJOT rrepe- B03KY Ca)]<CHI.I,CB B KOHTCHHepax ,J.,1H 516JIOK. 0;I.IIOJICTKH ycTaHaB.'IHBB- IOT B I<OHTeHHep BCpTHKaJibHO, nJIOTHO, 3BCblllaH KOpHH B.'Iali<Jib!MH onHJIKaMH. J\\OHTCHHepbl rpy3HT Ha aBTOMaillHIIy BHJibLJaTbiM norpys- t!HKOM. MeTO.ll. sacJiy2KnsaeT 6oJibrnoro BHHMaHHH, TaK KaK coLJeTaeT MCpbl no coxpaHHOCTH OT HCCyrneHHH H MCXaHH3BI.I,HIO norpy3J(J!. Xpaueuue. L(JIH ocenHeif peaJIH3aUHH ca.tKCHUhi, BhiKonaHHbJe u paccopTHpOBaHHbiC no nopo)l.aM, IIOMOJIOrHLJCCKHM H TOBapHbiM COp- TaM, speMeHHO npHKarr~saJOT ua crreunaJibHOM npHKOIIOLJHOM yLJaCTKe 14* 211
HJIH a crreuHaJihHOM xpaHHJIIUIJ.e. DpH- KarrblBaiOT IlYIIKaMH, rrpHCb!IlaH KOp- HH IIOIIBOH HJIH .ll.pyrHM pbiXJibiM II BJia2KHb!M cy6CTpaTOM, HailpHMep IIeCKOM, TOpcpHHOH KpOliiKOH, OilHJIKa- MH (B xpaHHJIHlll.e). 3HMOH ca2KeHUbl xpaHHT Ha IIpH- KOilOIIHOM yqaCTKe HJIH B CIIeUHaJib- HOM XpaHHJIHliJ.e. DocJie)J.Hee C03)J.aeT 6oJibli!He y.ll.o6CTBa, TaK KaK II03BO- JIHeT pa60TaTb IIO)J. KpbillleH B JII06yiO noro.ll.y, Jiyiirne rapaHTHpyeT coxpaH- HOCTh MaTepHaJia, B TOM IIHCJie OT IIO)J.Mep3aHHH, 02KOfOB H Bb!MOKaHHH, II03BOJIHeT BeCTH peaJIH3aUHIO B Oil- Pnc 86. roroBhie TIOKI! c caiKeH- THMaJibHbie arporeXH!ftieCKHe cpOKH. DpHKorroqHbiH yqacTOK opraHH3y- •U3MH. IOT Ha IIOBblllleHHOM MeCTe, B,ll.aJIH OT B03M02KHb!X HCTOqHHKOB Mbili!eA. Doq- BY co)J.ep2KaT IIHcTofi OT copHHKOB. EcJIH rrJiaHHpyeTcH pyiiHaH rrpHKOrrKa, TO Ha yqacTKe 3a6Jiarospe- MeHHO fOTOBHT TpaHWeH rJiy6HHOH )1.0 30-40 CM, li!HpHHOH 1-·2 M, )J.JIHHOH: He 6oJiee 15 M. MeM,n:y TpaHrneHMH ocTaBJIHIOT rrpoxo,n:hi rnH- pHHofi 1,5-2 M, KY;I. a rroMemaiOT BhiHYTYIO rroqsy. HanpasJieHHe TpaHrneH:- no MepH;I.HaHy. DpHKOIIKY HaqaHaiOT c I02KHoro KOHU:a TpaHweH. Ca2KeHU:hi ycTa- HaBJIHBaiOT pH,J.aMH IIJIOTHO CJIOeM B O.J.HO pacTeHHe C HaKJIOHOM K 10ry )J.JIH yMeHbllleHHH orracHOCTH oMoros. l(a2Kll.hifi pHLI. rrpHKanbiBaiOT OT,ll.eJibHO, IIpH2KHMaH IJOqBy K KOpHHM. Doqsy 6epyT H3 rrpOXO;J.OB. B pH,n:ax ycraHaBJIHBaiOT O;J.HHaKoBoe H oKpyrJieHHoe qHcJio pacreHHfi (HarrpHMep 100-150-200) ,n:JIH y,n:o6crsa no,n:cqera. YposeHh rroqBbi B rpaHwee ,TJ.OJI2KeH 3ai<pbiTb IIOJIHOCTbiO Kopmr H HH2KHIOIO qaCTb CTBOJIHKOB He MeHee qeM Ha l 0 CM H 6biTb BbiWe ypoB- HH IIOIIBbl B IIpOX03,3X. DpH He06XO,li.HMOCTl! Tp3HWeH IIOJIHB3IOT MeJ:- JieHHOH CTpyefi, qTo6bi He o6pa30B3JIOCb IIpOMOHH 11 nyCTOT B03JIC KOpHefi IIpHKOIIa HHb!X Ca2KeHU:eB. l.JaCTO 60Jibli!He KOJ!HtieCTBa Ca2KeHUeB IIp11K31IbiBaiOT 1103, IIJiaH- Ta2KHbiH IIJiyr. Hape3aiOT 6op03.li.Y C 33Il3;J.a Hd BOCTOK, r Jiy6HHOH 40-50 CM. B Hee ycTaHaBJ1HBaiOT caMeHU:bi c IIpOIIYCIWMH, HarrpH- Mep, 2 M- Ca2KeHUbl, 2 M- IIpOIIYCK. Bropb!:\\I IIpOXO,li.OM Ha MeHb- rnyiO r Jiy6HHY rrJiyr rrpHBaJIHBaer rroqsy K pacreHHHM. Pa6oq11e ec YIIJIOTHH:IOT, rrpH2KHMaH K KOPHHM. CJie,n:yiOliJ.HM IIPOXO.J.OM Ha IIOJIHYIO rJiy6HHY oKoHqareJibHO IIpHKaiibiBaiOT ycraHOBJieHHbiH pH.J. pacreHm1, H OTKpbiBaeTCH HOBaH 6op03,ll.a )J.JIH BTOpOro pH,ll.a H T. )J.. TaKHM o6- pa30M IIOJiyqaiOTCH IIOJIOCbl npHKOIIaHHbiX ca2KeHU:eB. nocryrraiOT H IIO-,n:pyroMy. Ca2KeHU:bl CTaBHT B 6op03J:Y 6e3 npo- rrycKOB, HO rrocJie Ka2K,n:hiX rrpHKOIIaHHhiX ,n:syx pH.LI.OB ;J:eJiaiOT ,n:sa npoxo.n.a nJiyroM, ocrasHB HX He 3aiiOJIHeHHbiMH pacreHHHMH. DoJiy- 212
\"1a!OTCH IIpOXO;J,bl B.[LOJib pH;i,OB, 06Jler'-la!OIUI1e OTaiiTbiBaHHe CHera BHYTPI1 rrpHKOIIKH H 6opb6y c :vtbiWaMH. Opli MexaHH3HposaHHOH rrp11- KOrrKe He CJie,a:yeT CT3811Tb Ca:tKeHUbl C 60JibWHM HaKJIOHOM, T3K K3K IIpH 3TOM HX CHJibliO 33B3JIHBaCT II0'-183 H seCHOH O'-!eHb TH/KCJIO Bbi- .HI1MaTb paCTeHHH 113 rrpHKOIIKH. JlJIH 3aiUHTbl OT Y!biWeH npHKOIIO'-IHbi~I y'-!aCTOK OKpy:tKaiDT K:J.HaBOH rJiy611HOH 40-50 eM c HasHcaiDLUeH BHYTPCHHeH cTeHKOH. !\\aRaBy 0'-111IUaiOT oT cHera, pa36pacbiBaiOT oTpaB.1CHHbie npiiMaHKH. B JieCHbiX paHoHax rrpaKTHKYIDT yKJia;J.KY eJiosoro .lanHHKa Me:tKp,y pH;J.aMI1 pa- ·CTeHI1H. UeJiecoo6pa3HO no nepHMeTpy npHKOITO'-!Horo y'-laCTKa c BHeumeif CTOpOHbl 3aW.HTHOH KaHaBbl )'KJI3;J,b!B3Tb Bal!HKOM p33lii1'-I- Hble seTKI1, Bbi6paKosaHHbre ca:tKeHUbi 11.11! rroasoH. BHyTpH saJII1Ka paCKJ13Jl.blB310T CJTp3BJ1eHHble 11pHM3HKH. OocJie 33HOC3 CHefOM Mbl- llii1, MHfp11pyiOIUHe C .J.p)THX \\''-13CTJWB, IIOCeJ'JHIDTCH IIO.J, B3Jll!KOY!, r,::r.e 1J3CTI1'-IHO rH6HyT OT !IpHM3HO.K, 3 )'UeJieBWHe o6rpbl3310T KOpy C pa- CTeHI1H B B3JI!1Ke !! He !IpOHHK310T H3 !IpHKO!IO'-IHblH )''-13CTOK. JlJIH xpaHeHHH llOC3;J,O'-IHOfO Y13TepH3JI3 TH!IOBbiX Xp3HI1JIH1U llOK3 HeT. 06IUHe Tpe60B3HHH npH 11X yCTpOHCTBe: llOBb!WeHHOe MeCTO, He 33- li11BaeMOe BOJJ.OH, y.J.o6CTBO Bbe3,Ua 11 Bbie3.Ua, ;:r.ocTaTO'-!HaH 33lUHTa oT CI1JibHoro rrpoMep3aHI1H, Heo6xo.J,HMaH ITJIOIU3Jl.b. B xpaHHJI11IUe rrp11- KOIIKY ocyiUeCTBJ1HIOT B llO'-IBY H,1H B H3CblllHOH pblXJiblH, BJ13:tKHblH li Tei1JIOeMKI1H cy6CTpaT, HanpHMep TOpcpHHYIO KpOuiKy. B 3apy6e:tKHOH rrpaKTHKe, B '-!3CTHOCTH B ClllA, 11MeiOTCH KpynHbie oxJia:tKaaeMbie xpaHHJIHIUa Jl.JIH ca:tKeHues, r.ue Hx xpaHHT JJ.O roJJ.a. BbzpaUfuemwe pacca(Jbz aeM.IL.RJtww B ycJIOBHHx KYJ1bTYPbi 3eMJIHHI1Ka pa3MHo:tKaeTcH sereTaTI1BHO, fJI3BHb!M o6pa30M ycaMH, npe.UCT3BJIHIOIUHMH C060H CTeJIIOIUHeCH 110 3eMJie CTe6JII1, B )'3JI3X KOTOpblX B03HHK310T po3eTKH- 33'-13TKH HO- Bb!X paCTeHHH (pHc. 87). Po3eTKH yKopeHHIOTCH, CBH3b 11x c MaTep11H- CKHM paCTeHHeM TepHeTCH H o6p33YIOTCH HOBblC, C3MOCTOHTeJibHbie paCTeHHH. 3TOT C!IOC06 pa3MHO:tKeHHH HBJIHeTCH e,J,HHCTBeHHbiM IIp11 M3CCOBOM Bblp3IUHB3HH11 paCC3,TJ,bl J].JIH 33KJ13JI,KH 3KCIIJ1)'3T3UHOHHblX TIJI3HT3UHi1. Hec:vtoTpH Ha npocToTy pa3MHO:tKeH!!H, BbipaiU11B3HHe pacca;J,bi 3e- MJIHHHKH B H3CTOHIUee BpeMH CHJibHO OCJIO:tKHeHO He06XO;J.HMOCTb!O 60pb6bl C 60J1e31!5IMI1 H spe;J,HTe.1HMI1, nepe,U310lUH:VIHCH C 110C3JI,O'-I- nHb!M MaTepHaJio:vi pe3KO CHH:tKaiOIUHYIH rrpoJLyKTI1BHOCTb KYJibTYPbi. 3TO rrpC:tK.[Le Bcero HeM3TO;J.bl, KJielUI! 11 BHpyCHbie 3360JieB3Hli5I. Oo yKa3aHHOH rrpHQHHe HeJib3H secTH 3aKJia,TJ,Ky HOBhlX y'-laCTKOB yKope- HI1BWIIMHCH po3eTK3MH, B3HTbiMH C 3KCIIJIY3T3Ul!OHHb!X llJI3HT3U11H. KpoMe Toro, B 3TOM cJiy'-lae B03MO:tKHO 3acopeHHe copTa ceHHU3MH, KOTOpb!e MoryT Bb!p3CT3Tb Ha llJI3HT3U!!HX 113 ceMHH Heco6paHHb!X Hro.u. CKa3aHHoe HBJIHeTcH npH'-IHHOH pa3pa60TKI1 cneuHaJibHOH cHc- TeMbi llp0H3BOJI,CTB3 p3CC3,J.b! 3eMJIHHHKH C HCIIOJ!b30B3HI1eM 03;i,OpO- BHTeJibHhlX Meporrp11HTI1H. 213
'TeMrreparypoii 48 °C Ha 15 MHH HJlfi Ha 5-7 MHH B BO.UY C TeMnepa- Typoii 52 °C. 3ry rrpou,e.lypy .ne.1a10T paHo BecHoii, KOrJJ.a pacreHHSI Jiyqwe rrepeHocSIT cro.'lb cH.JibHhiH nporpeB. Ha pacreHIIe rpe6yercSI 0,5 JI BO.Ubl. T..J:ro6bJ HMeTb K BeCHe pacreHHSI ,J.JISI nporpeBa, pacca.a:y oro6paH- Horo KJIOHa 3afOTaB.1HBa!OT OCeHb!O, 3HMOI1 xpamiT B XOJIO,UHJibHHKe yrraKOBaHHOH B IlOJIH3THJieHOBh!X MeWKaX. 3a 5-7 )J.HeH )1.0 TepM006- ocpa60TKH ee oTTaHBaiOT npu re:.vmeparype 2-4 H Ha cyTKH noMe- lll,aiOT B cyxoe TeMHOe MeCTO npH TeMneparype OKO.lO 20 °C. Dpii repMoreparrHH pacreHHSI, oTMbiB or nol!Bbi, cHalJa,'la noMe- lll,aiOT Ha 2-·3 MHH B BaHHy C BO.UOH, HarpeTOH ,UO 35 °C. 3areM rrpo- BO)J.SIT TepMOTepanHIO C paHee yKa3aHHbi:VIH pe)KHMa~HI B 6aKTepHOJIO- rHl!eCKOH 6aHe JIBK eMKOCTb!O 40 JI (75-125 pacTeHHH) HJIH B rrpii- 6ope )l.JIH HHaKTHBall,HH CbiBOpOTOK eMKOCTb!O 10 JI ( 10-25 pacTe- HHH). OocJie repMorepamm pacreHHH ox.la)K,laiOT 10-15 MHH B so.a:e c TeMneparypoii 10-20 °C, B KoropyiO ,lo6aB,'IHIOT ,l.lSI npoqJHJiaKTH- KH TIOHBJieHHSI TIJieceHeH 6eH.'IaT (0,1%). Oo,a:Bepmyrhre repMorepanHH pacreHHSI BbiCa)KHBaiOT B II30JIHpo- BaHHOM 60KCe HJIH H30JIHpOBaHHOH TeTIJIHU,e B CTieiJ;HaJibHb!e HIII.HKH, HaiTOJIHeHHbie CTepiiJIH30BaHHblM rpyHTOM, COCTOHlUHM H3 rrecKa, TOp- ¢a H JI.epHoBoii 3eMJIH B coorHorneHHH 1 : 1 : 1. YxoJJ. 3a BhiCa)KeHHbi- MH pacTeHHHMH ,UOJI)KeH 6hiTb TIII.aTeJibHb!M, TaK KaK TepMOTepanHSI CHJibHO OCJia6JIHeT HX. fpyHT CO,lep)KaT pb!XJibiM, BJia)KHbiM. Pa3 B He,UeJIIO paCTeHHSI IlO,UKa pMJIHBa!OT paCTBOpOM MOlJeBHHbl (0,3%) HJIH aMMHal!HOH ceJIHTpbi (0,1%). Y.a:aJIHIOT u;BeTOHOCbi. Pa3 B 10 ,.'l,Heii jpaCTeHHH o6pa6aTb!Ba!OT 6eHJiaTOM (0, 1%) H THO,UaHOM (0,3%). B u,eJIHX ocBo6o)KJI.eHHH or BHpycoB rrpHMeHSIIOT cyxoB03.UYWHYIO ll'epMoreparrHIO. PacTeHHH B ropwKax co crepHJibHhiM rpyHTOM rroMe- maiOT B TepMOCTaTbi H Bbi,i1.ep)KHBa!OT npH TeMrreparype 38 °C (KO- Jie6aHHH OT 37° )1.0 39 °C) H 16-qacOBOM HCKYCCTBeHHOM OCBelUeHHH B Tel!eHHe 5 HeJJ.eJih. BbiCOKaH reMneparypa rro,n:aBJIHeT pa3MHO)KeHire BHpycoB. 03,a:OpOBJieHHb!e TaKHM o6pa30M pacTeHHH npoBepH!OT Ha Bll- pycOHOCHTeJihCTBO rryreM npHBHBKH K HH)l.HKaTOpHblM pacTeHHSIM, 06- .Jia,Ua!OIII.HM CBOHCTBOM 6biCTpOH H pe3KOH peaKU,HH Ha 3apa)KeHHe BH- pycaMH . .LJ.JIH 3TOfO HCI10Jlb3YIOT KJIOHbl 3eMJISIHHKH JieCHOH (rfragaria vesca). PacreHHH-HHJJ.IIKaTophr TaK)Ke BbiCa)KHBatOT B roprnKII co cre- pHJibHOH rrol!BOH. OpiiBHBKY ,n:eJiaiOT MeTo,a:oM a6JiaKTIIpoBKH ycoB II.'IH B qepewoK JIIICTa B pacmerr. DpHBHThie HH,lHKaropHhie pacreHHH rroKpbiBaiOT npo3pal!HhiMH JI30JIHTOpaMH (cTeKJIHHHhle HJIH TIJieHOlJHhle KOJIITaKH), _a:ep)KaT Ha pac- •CeHHHOM CBeTy H B TelJeHHe .UBYX MeCHUeB IlpOBepSI!OT npOHBJieHHH 3a- pa)KeHHOCTI1 BHpycaMH. EcJIH no npowecTBHH JI.BYX MecHu,eB raKoBbJX He 06HapyMHTCH, pacTeHHSI ClJHTaiOT 3,l0p0Bb!MH. 3TO cyrrep-cynep- '3JIHTa. Dpa rrpoSIBJieHHH npH3HaKOB 3apa)KeHHOCTH repMocroiiKHMH BHpy- caMH pacreHHH o6e33apa)KHBaiOT H pa3MHO)KaiOT nyreM KYJibTYPhi H30JIHpoBaHHhiX TKaHeii. OrpocwHe BepxyrnKH ycoB HJIH po)KKOB .J.JIH- HOH 1,5-2 CM OlJHIII.aiOT or KpOIOIII.HX qernyii, npoMhiBaiOT B 0, l% -HOM 215
paCTBOpe eyJieMbi B CTepHJibHOM 60Kee, 4 pa3a IIpOMbiB310T eTepHJib- HOH BO,ll,OH 11 rroMeiiia!OT B IIaiiiKH DeTpH. Do,ll, 6HHOKYJIHpnoH: .TJyrroH: H3 sepxyiiiKH BbiiiJieHHIOT KyeoiieK MepHeTeMaTHIIeeKOH TKaHH- .3Ke- IIJiaHTaT ).l,JIHHOH He 60Jiee 400-500 MKM H Bhiea:tKHB310T B rrpo6HpKy Ha erreUH3JibHYIO HeKyeeTBeHHYIO IIHTaTeJibHYIO epe,rr.y. 3aKpbiB310T rrpo6HpKy saTHOH rrpo6Kol1. Bee ,ll,OJI:tKHO 6hiTh eTepHJibHhiM. Dpo6HpKH yeTaHaBJIIIBa!OT B KaMepy, r,ll,e peryJIHPYIOT TeMrrepa- Typy, BJI3)KHOeTb B03,ll,yxa, IIHTeHeHBHOeTb H ).l,JIHTeJibHOeTb OeBeiiie- HH51. 00,ll,,ll,ep:tKHBa!OT TeMrrepaTypy 26 °C, OTHOeHTeJibHYIO BJI3:tKHOeTh B03,ll,yXa 70%, HHTeHeHBHOeTb eBeTa Ha ypoBHe rrpo6HpOK 10 Tble. JIK rrpH 16-IIaeoBOM ,ll,He. TKaHH .3KerrJiaHTaTOB pa3paeTa!OTeH 11 qepe3 1,5-2 MeeHua IIOJIYII310Te51 paeTeHH51 e 2-3 KOpHHMH H 3-5 JIHeTb51- MH. OoeJie .3TOf0 HX rrepeea:tKHB310T B eTepHJibHb!H ey6eTpaT B· erre- UH3JibHhie .HIIIHKH. TaKHe paeTeHHH rro,ll,Bepra!OT HH;:J:eKeauHH. Te, KO- TOpbie OKa:tKyTe51 3,ll,Op0Bb!MH, 51BJI5110Te51 eyrrep-eyrrep.3JIHTHb!MH. HeeMoTpH Ha eJio:tKHoeTb rroJiyiieHHH eyrrep-eyrrep.3JIHTbi MeTO::LOM pa3MHO:tKCHH51 H30JIHpOB3HHb!MH TK3H51MH, .3TOT erroeo6 33eJiy:tKHBaeT BHHMaHH51. OH o6eerreiiHBaeT BhieOKHH K0.3cpqlHUHeHT pa3MHO:tKeHH51 11 Ha,ll,e:tKeH B 03,1I.OpOBJICHHH OT BHpyeOB, T3K K3K MepHeTeMbl paeTyiiiHX BepxyiiieK 06bi'IHO eB060,ll,Hbl OT HHX. Ha ).XoHeUKOH orrbiTHOH eTaHUHH ea)loBo,ll,eTBa e03,ll,aH erreuHaJib- HhiH KOMIIJieKe ITO 03)l0pOBJieHHIO 3eMJI51HHKH H Bblp3IIIHB3HHIO 6e3BH- pyeHOH .3JIHThi, r,rr.e seeb rrpouecc pa3MHo:tKeHHH HaiiHHaeTcH c KYJih- Typbi H30JIHpOB3HHbiX TKaHeH. 3,ll,eCb ,IT.JI51 Bbl'IJieHeHH51 .3KeiiJI3HT3TOB 6epyT paCTeHH51, KOTOpb!e 6b!JIH IIO,ll,BeprHyThl eyxOB03)lYIIIHOH Tep- MOTepaiiHH IIpH TeMIIepaType 38 °C He MeHee He,ll,eJIH. 5e3BIIpyeHhie Pa3MHO:tKeHHe cyrrep-cyrrepaJIHTbi H cyrrepaJIHTbi. KJIOHhi Bhrca:tKHBa!OT ,ll,JIH ,rr.aJihHeHIIIero pa3MHO:tKeHHH B KYJibTHBaUH- OHHhiX IIOMeiiieHHHX e HCKyceTBeHHh!M TYM3H006pa30B3HIIeM B o6e3- 3apa:tKeHHb!H (rrporrapeHHhiH HJIII rrpocpyMIIriipOB3HHbiH Kap6aTHOHOM) rrJio;:J:opo;:J:HbiH ey6cTpaT. CxeMa pa3MemeHHH paCTeHIIH 1 X 1 M. Ka:tK- ,ll,Oe paeTeHIIe BO II36e:tKaHIIe IIOBTOpHOfO 33HOCa IIHcpeKUIIH TJI51MH, UHKa)lK3MH ,ll,OJI:tKHo 6biTb yKphiTO H30JIHTopaMH H3 MeJIKOHIIeHeToli KanpOHOBOH eeTKII C OTBepCTII51MII He 6oJiee 0, 18X0,22 MM HJIII II3 rroJIH.3TIIJieHosoH: rrJieHKII. YeTaHaBJIHB310T H30JIHTOphi ,ll,O BhlCa)lKII paeca,IT.bl. J130JI51TOpbl He eHHM310T ,1!.0 BhmyeKa paeea,IT.bl. fpyHT no,ll,,rr.ep:tKHBa!OT B IIIIeTOM II pbiXJIOM eoeTOHHIIII. Ka:tK,ll,hie 10 ,ll,HCH paeTeHH51 o6pa6aTblB310T 51,ll,OXIIMIIK3T3MH. ).XJIH )'CYWeHII51 yeoo6pa30B3HII51 UBCTOHOebi y,rr.aJIHIOT. 0pHBO,ll,51T IIO,ll,KOpMKH MO'leBH- HOH rro 20-30 r Ha KyeT. B TeiieHHe scero JieTa He pe:tKe ,rr.syx pa3 B MeeHU Bee paeTeHH51 rrponepH!OT Ha 3apa:tKeHHOCTh Bpe,ll,HTeJIHMH 11 6o.1e3HHMH. Dposo- )lHT copTOBYIO arrpo6au1110. Bee rrpHMecH 11 6oJihHhie paeTeHHH y;.~,anH IOT BMCCTe e YKOpeHIIBllll!MIIC51 po3eTK3MH H IIpOBO.'J,51T 3H3JIH3 60Jib- Hb!X. KpoMe .3Toro, Ka:tK,ll,oe MaToiinoe paeTemre rrpoxo,ll,IIT HH,ll,eKeauHIO Ha Tpex IIH,IT.HK3TOpax C UCJih!O Bhl51BJICHII51 BIIpycoB H rrpOBepKy H8 3apa:tKeHHOeTb HCM3TO,ll,3MH H rpH6HbiMII 60JIC3H51MII (oeo6eHHO Bep- THUHJIJIC30M). 2!G
Cyrrep-cyrrep3JIHTHhiH IIHTOMHHK ,ZI.OJI1KeH 6hiTh oropo1KeH . .UoCTyrr ITOCTOpOHHHM JIHUaM 3arrperu.eH. 06cJiy1KHBa!Olli.HI1 rrepcoHaJI IIOJih3Y- eTC51 orreuHaJibHOH o,ll.e1K,ll.OH H o6yBhiO. OpyJI:HH TpyJI:a 3aKperrJIHIOT. Bxo,ZI. Ha TeppHTOpHIO cyrrep-cyrrep3JIHTHoro IIHTOMHHKa ocyru.ecTBJIH- 'eTcH qepe3 ,ZI.e3HHrpeKUHOHHhie MaThr rrJioru.aJI:biO 2X2 M. TexHHKa H opy,ZI.HH IIO,ll.Jie1KaT ,ZI.e3HHrpeKU:HH IIpH Bbe3,J.e. 1CpoK HCIIOJih30BaHHH cyrrep-cyrrep3JIHTHoro IIHTOMHHKa ro;.I:. OT Ka1K,ZI.oro rroca1KeHHoro pacTeHHH rro.'lyqaiOT 40-150 HOBhiX paCTe- HHH. DoTOMCTBo 3,ll.OpOBhiX MaToqHhiX pacTeHHH: rrepe,ll.aiOT D,JIH ,ll.aJih- Heliwero pa3MH01KeHH51 H Bb!palli.HBaHHH cyrrep3JIHTbl. OcHOBHhie ycJIOBHH Bhrparu.HBaHHH cyrrep3JIHTHhiX pacTeHHH: Te :>Ke, qTo u cyrrep-cyrrep3JIHThl. Bhrparu.HBaiOT pacTeHHH B 3aru.uru.eHHOM rpyHTe Ha o6e33apa1KeHHOM cy6CTpaTe rrpH HcKyccTBeHHOM TyMaHo- o6pa3oBaHHH, eCJIH Ha,ll.O, IIpH 3JieKTpOIIO,ll.OrpeBe, CTporoii: H30JIHUHH OT 3aHoca HHrpeKUHH HaceKOMhiMH. CxeMhi rroca,ZI.KH MaToqHhiX pacTe- HHH: 45-50X75-·150 CM. YXO,ll. COCTOHT B pb!XJieHHHX, IIO;.I:KOpMKaX, CHCTeMaTHqeCI<OH o6pa- OOTKe H,ZI.OXHMHKaTaMH. UBeToHOChi y;r,aJIHIOT. DpaKTHKYIOT orrphrCKH- BaHne nr66epeJIJIHHOM (qeThrpexKpaTHO) H3 pacqeTa 60 MJI/.rr. CopTo- BYIO arrpo6aun10 H o6cJieD,oBaHHe Ha 3apa1KeHHOCTh rrpoBOJ:HT pa3 B 10 ,ZI.Heii:. CJia6hre H rropa1KeHHhre paCTeHHH yJI:aJIHIOT BMecTe c ycaMH H yKopeHHBWHMHCH po3eTKaMH, B KOHUe BereTaU:,TOHHoro rrepHo,ll.a ,ZI.e- JiaiOT Bhi6opoqHb!H aHaJIH3 He MCHee 10% BCeX MaToqHbiX paCTeHHH Ha 3apa)!{eHHOCTb Bpe,ZI.HTeJIHMH H 6oJie3HHMH, rrepeD,a!Olli.HMHCH C IIO- Ca,ll.OqHb!M MaTepHaJIOM. BereTaTHBHOe IIOTOMCTBO 3,ll.Op0Bh!X MaTOqHbiX KYCTOB rrepe,ZI.aiOT ,ll.JIH 3arwa,ZI.KH MaToqmma 3JIHThi. Cpe,ZI.HHH: Bhixo.u cyrrep3JIHThi oT 150 ,ZI.o 500 po3eToK oT OD,Horo MaToqHoro pacTeHHH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COpTa H ycJIOBHH. l.JacTb po- 3eTOK IIpHXO,ll.HTCH ,ZI.Opalli.HBaTb Ha III'!KHpOBQqHQM yqaCTKe B TeX 1Ke YCJIOBHHX. Dpu Bhrparu.nBaHHH pacca,ZI.hi KJiacca B oT6op ucxo,ZI.HhiX pacTeHHH, IIpOBCpKa HX KJIOHOBOfO IIOTOMCTBa Ha IIpO,ZI.YKTHBHOCTb, o6e33apa1KH- BaHHe OT HeMaTO.li,, KJieru.eif H ,ll.pyrHX Bpe,ZI.HTeJieH rrpOBO,ll.HTCH TQqHQ A.TaK 1Ke, KaK H rrpu Bhrparu.HBaHHH pacca.uhr KJiacca 03,a,opoBJieHHH OT BHpycoB He ,ZI.eJiaiOT. OrpaHHqHBaiOTCH OTCYTCTBHeM BHJ:HMhiX rrpH- 3HaKOB 3apa1KeHHH HMH. Pa3MH01KaiOT paCTeHHH, rrpe,ZI.Ha3HaqeHHhie ,ZI.v'IH 3aKJia,ZI.KH 3JIHTHO- ro MaTOqHJiKa, Ha TaK Ha3biBaeMOM IIpOMe1KyToqHOM MaTOqHHKe, H30- JI¥1pOBaHHOM OT JI:pyrux Haca1K,ll.eHHI1 3TOH KYJihTYPhl. 3aKJia,ll.Ka MaTOqHHKa H YXO.II, 3a HHM ,ll.aHbl IIpH OIIHCaHHH Bblpa- Ili.HBaHHH 3JIHThi H rrepBoH: perrpo.J:yKUHH. O;r,HaKo Ha npoMe1KyToq- HOM MaTOqHHKe ocyru.eCTBJIHeTCH 6oJiee Tlll.aTeJibHhiH KOHTpO.'Ib 3a pacTeHHHMH B OTHOWeHHH 3apa1KeHHOCTH HX HeMaTO,ll.aMH, KJlelli.3MH H JI:PYrHMH o6beKTaMH, rrepe;.I:aiOili.HMHCH npH pa3MH01KeHHH. TaKoMy KOHTpoJIIO no,a,BepraiOT Bee MaToqHbie pacTeHHH. CpoK IIOJib30BaHHH npOMC1KYTOqHb!M MaTOqHHKOM- 1 fO;J, . .ll.JIH 3aKJia,ll.KH IIpOMe1KyToqHOfO MaTOqHHKa HCIIOJib3YIOT pacca;r,y, 'Bbiparu.eHHYIO CIIOC060M IIHKHpOBKH Ha rpH;.I:aX, TaK KaK rrp!I COCpe- 217
,UOTO'leHlHI 60Jiblll0fO KO,'JH'leCTBa paCTeHHii Ha M3JIOH IlJIOIU3.UH Jierqe Tlll.3Te.'IbHO o6e33apa)!<HB3Tb rpyHT OT HeMaTO]l. fpHJlbl J)l51 IlHKHpOBKH )'CTpaHB3!0T Ha He33JIHBaeMOM T3Jlb!Mlf IIJlH ,'lHBIICBbl:vtH BO;l,aMH yqacn\\e. 00'-IBY J,eplKaT IlO;J: 'lepHb!M rrapOM. nosepx IlO'lBbl H3Cblll3!0T CMeCb ropcj:Ja 11 rrecKa (I : I). nosepxHOCTb Bblp3BHHB310T I1 Ha HeH pa3MelU310T HeyKopeHI1BWHCC51 po3eTKI1, BJJ,aB- JIHB351 11x B cy6CTpar. Ha I M 2 rroMeiUaiOT rrp11MepHo 300 pacreHI1H. YJIO)!{eHHbie po3eTK11 yKpbiBaiOT MelllKOBI1HOH l1 rrOJII1BaiOT rrosepx TK3HH. 00.1118 se;J.VT CI1CTeMaTJ14eCKH, He J,Oll)'CK351 Bb!CbiXaHH51 rp51,U. Yepe3 10-12 J,HeH pacca;J,a )'KOpeH51eTC51, II TKaHb CHI1Ma!OT. no- Jli1Bbl rrpoJ,o.'JJKa!OT. Yepe3 20-25 ;J:HeH pacca;J,a rorosa K Bbica.uKe. 8biparuusaHJ·fe 3JIHTbl 11 rrepsoii perrpo,ll.yKU,HH. 3JII1THYIO pacca,ll.y 11 rrepsoii perrpo.uyKUI111 KJiaccos A 11 E BbipaiU11BaiOr B ycJIOBI151X or- KpbiToro rpyHTa B MaTO'lHI1K3X HJIH I1pH6era51 K Ili1KHpOBKe p03eTOK Ha crreuHaJibHbie rp51.UbL Harr6oJiee rrp11H51TO BbipaiUHBaHHe B MaTOYHHKax. T3K K3K OHO MeHee rpy.uoeMKO, XOT51 H Bblp3IUI1B3HHe C IlHKHpOBKOH Ha rp51;.1,3X H:vteer CBOH rrpeHMyiUeCTBa. BbiparurrsaHHe 3JIHTHOH paccaJ,bi MOJKeT rrpaKTHKOBaTbC51 11 B yc- .lOBHHX 33KpbiTOfO rpyHTa, 'ITO pe3KO IlOBb!lllaeT ee BbiXOJ, C e,LJ,HHHUbi rr.'lOIUal\\!1 (Lio 2 MJIH. lilT. c 1 ra). Pacca.J.y rrepsoli perrpo.lyKUHH Bbi- paruHBaiOT Ha orKpbiTbiX yqacrKax. TexHoJiorH51 BbiparuHBaHHH 3JIHTHoi1 pacca;I.bi 11 pacca.ubi rrepsoii perrpoJ,yKUHH B OCHOBHOM O;J:HH3KOB3, HO 3Jll1Ta IlOJBepraeTC51 6oJiee TIU3TeJlbHOMY o6cJieJI_OBaHHIO Ha 3apaJKeHHOCTb H C 60JibllleH HHTeH- CHBHOCTb!O rrposO.UHTCH 33IUHTHbie MeporrpHHTHH. KpoMe roro, 3.1mra. 51B.15151Cb rrepBbiM IlOKO.leJ-IHC:vt cyrrep3.1HTHbiX pacTeHHH, HMeeT 60Jib- lll)'IO lJHCTOTY OT BpellHTeJICH l1 6oJie3HeH. 0Ha ll,il,eT JJI51 33KJI3JJ,KH :vtaTOYHHKOB rrepsoli perrpOJ)'KUHH. PaccaJJ,y rrepsoli perrponyKUHH HC- rroJib3)'10T JJ,Jl51 33KJI3JJ,KH 3KCI1JI)'aTaiJ,JlOHJ-IhlX IlJI3HT3!1,11H, !1 JJ,3JibHeH- UJe:vty pa3MHOJKeHH!O B rrpOH3BO.iLCTBeHHbiX ycJIOBHHX oHa He rronne- JKI1r. Yro6bi He norrycTHTb rrosropHoro 3apa)!<eHHH pacreHI:IH B MaTO'l- HIII\\aX, rpe6yeTC51 rrpocrpaHCTBeHH351 H30.TJ51IJ,H51 :v!3T04HHKOB OT Jl!0- 6biX 3h:CllJI)'3T3!1,110HHbiX IlOCaJJ,OK 3C:v!Jl51HHKH HC MCHee 2 KM. 003TOM:Y Ha!I60.1ee )!{eJiaTe.1bHO, '-IT06bi MaTOlJHHKH HaXOllHJIIICb B X0351HCTB3X, UC Her H HC 6biJIO HaCaJKJ,eHHH 3eMJI51HHKil. Oo I1pll4!1Ha:vt opraHH- 33ll,llOHHOf0 xapaKTepa J,OITYCKaeTC51 3aKJI3J,I<a :vt3T04HIIKOB 3eM,'J5lHH- l\\H B X0351HCTBaX, fJe HMe!OTC5l IlOC3;J:KI1 3e:vt.'l51HHJ,;J1, HO B J:pyro:vt OT- ,Je.1CHllH li B J:pyrofi 6pHraJC I1p!! o6CCIIC4eHHI! npocrpaHCTBeHIJOH II30.1HUIIH I ,5 KM 11 HenorrycniMOCTII o6pa6on<H MaroYHHI\\a re:vtH me rparnopa:vtH 11 :vtaiUHHaMH. EoJiblll)'IO po.1b B ycrrexe rrpo113BOJ:CTBa paccaJbi Hrpaer Bbi6op Mecra .1)151 MarOYHHKa. Tpe6yercH yyacroK c BbiCOJ<OIT.'lO;I,opoJHOH, rro B03\\10JKHOCTH pb!XJIOH Il04BOH, JJ,OCT3T04HO B.~aJKHbiH HJIH opomaeMbiH, He 3apa1KCHHbii1 cre6JieBOH, xpH33HTeMHOH 11 3e:vt.151HI14HOH He:vtaTO- .l3MII. Cesoo6opor MaTO'lHHKa 3eMJIHHHKH He .lOJIJKeH BI<.'liOYaTb Kapro- cj:Je.1b, OBOIUH, 3epHOBbie 6o6oBbie, K.1eBep 11 npyme 6o6osbie rpasbi, 218
TaK KaK 3TH pacTeHHH rropa)Ka!OTCH cTe6JieBoii HeMaTo.n:oii. B ceBo- o6opoTbi MaTOlJHHKa MOryT 6b!Tb BKJI!OlJeHbl pO)Kb, nrneHHUa, rop'-IH- ua, KOTOpbre He rropa)Ka!OTCH cTe6JieBoii HeMaTo.n:oii. HeKoTopbre pa- CTeHHH, HanpH:v!ep K3JieH1lyJia, 6apxaTUbi, n01l3BJI51!0T pa3BHTHe He- MaTO.il: H C perneHHe:\\1 rrpo6JieMbl HX CeMeHOBO,lCTBa CTaHyT )Ke.laTeJib- Hb!MH cunepauHOHHbi:v!H KYJibTypaMH B ceBoo6opoTax MaTOYHHKOB 3eMJI5IHHKI!. CxeMbi ceBoo6opoTa M3T04HHKa MoryT 6biTb pa3JIH4HbiMI! B CBH3H CO cpOI<aMH HCnOJib30B3HH51, cpOKa:v!H BbiKOnKH paCC31lbl I! llPYrHMH 30HaJibHb!MH YCJIOBH51MH, HO BO BCeX CJI)'lJaHX 3CMJI51HHKa MO)KeT 6b!Tb B03BpameHa Ha npe)!{Hee MeCTO He paHbWe YeM Yepe3 3 rona, u B rro- JIHX, rrpe,lWeCTB)'!OlUHX ee 3aKJI3,'l,Ke, ;I,OJI)!{Hbl npOBO,lHTbC51 MepO- rrpH5ITH51 IIO OlJI!CTKe OT HeMaTO,l, COpH51IWB H ITOBbiilleHHIO nJI01lOP01lH51 TIOlJBbl. HarrpH:v~ep, Ha )loHenKoti onbiTHoii cTaHuH:r canoBo,'l,CTBa, ue I1p0113BO,li!TC51 OKOJIO 40 :v!JIH. IllT. 3JIHTHOH paCC31lbl, npl!HHTO CJie- JLY!OIUee yepe.n:oBaHHe KYJibTyp: I -YepHbiti nap; 2- MaTOlJHHK 3e:v!- JIHHI!KH O,lHOrOllHlJHOrO HCnOJib30BaH!I51; 3- 514MeHb; 4- !1IlleHHUa. Bo3MO)KCH 6-7-rrOJibHbiH ceBoo6opoT, B KOTopo:'v! aeMJIHHHKa aaHH- MaeT TpH nOJIH: HOBaH l10CaLI,K3 H 2 rO,l3 HCnOJib30BaHH51. 0CT3JlbHble .3-4 rona- aepHoBbre, nap. Y,n:o6peHHH B ceBoo6opoTe MaTOYHHKa aeMJIHHHKH He ,n:oJI)KHbi ycH- ~HBaTb aacopeHHOCTb. C 3TOH TOlJKH 3pCHH51 BHeCeHHe HaB033, OC0- ·6eHHO He,UOCTaTOlJHO nepenpeBillC'rO, :v!eHee )KeJiaTeJibHO, lJeM BHeCe- HHe Top(j:JOKOMrrocToB, a TaK)Ke 3a;LeJIKa cu.n:epaToB. OpraHHlJCCKHX yno6peHHH )la!OT llO \\00-200 T/ ra, MHHepaJibHblX cpoccjJOpHb!X -50-- 80 Kr n. B. Ha I ra, KaJIHHHbiX- 80-100 Kr. Ha.TJHlJHe xJiopa B Ka- JIHHHbiX y:L06peHH51X yrHeTaeT poeT 3e:v!.l51Hl!KH, n03TO:v!Y JJ,a!OT cepHO- I<HCJ!b!H KaJIHH. Heo6xonHMbiM MeponpHHTHe:v~ HBJIHeTCH ocBo60)K:J.eHHe no4Bbi :v~a \"T04HHKa OT HeMaTO,l, lJTO LI,OCTJ-IraeTC51 BHeCeHHe:v! HeMaTHU:HJ,OB. C yYeTOM Bcero 3Toro cxeMbi ceBoo6opoTa M3T04HHKa MoryT 6biTb •C.le,UyiOIUHMH. I. I - cH.n:epaTbi, oceHb!O BHeceHl!e HeManrmuoB; 2 -YepHbiH nap, !1pHMeHeHHe rep6HUH,lOB; 3, 4 - M3T04HHI< 3CM.151HHKH. II. I - 3epHOBbie, rroceB 03HMbiX CH.lepaTOB (pO)Kb); 2- 3arrawKa ~H,UepaTOB, nap, OCeHb!O BlleCeHHC Jie:v!3Tl!UHll,OB; 3 - 4epHbiH nap, I1pHMeHeHHe rep6HU:H,UOB, oCeHH5151 noca.lKa M3T04Hl!J(a; 4, 5 - M3T04- 1l.HK 3eMJIHHHKH. Bo BTopoii cxeMe rrpH O.ll!Or01lH4HO:v! HcnoJib30BaHHH MaT04HIIK3 6y,UeT lJeTb!pe nO.l51. )lJIH cpyMHraUHH nOlJBbl HCn0.1b3)'IDT Kap63THOH (40%-Hb!H !<OH- UeHTpaT) - 1-2 T/ra, TH330H (85%-Hb!H rropOWOK)- 0,5-\\,5 T/ra. Kap6aTHOH rrpeJ.TIOlJTHTe.lbHee, TaK KaK y6HBaeT He:v!aTO,'l, HaceKo- MbiX, rpH6bi H COpHHKH. CpoKH BHeceHHH He:v!aTHU:H;I,OB 33BIICHT OT Te:v~nepaTypbr nolJBbi. Kap6aTHOH neiicTByeT npH TeMnepaType oT 7° .n:o 25 °C, JIY4IUe- He Eb!IllC \\5 °C, HHalJe OH 6b!CTpO IICnapHeTCH; THa30H- I1p!I TeMrrepa- Type BbiWe I 0 °C. 21 9
YHnqro:tKeHHe copH5IKOB B Maroqmme rpe6yeT 6oJJblliHX 3arpar pyqHOfO rpy;J:a. MHOfOJJeTHHe COpH5IKH ITb!pei:f, OCOT H BblOHOK Ha Ma- roqHHKe rrpaKrHqeCKH yHHqro:tKHTb HeB03MO:tKHO. Hx YHHqro:tKeHHe il,O.ll:tKHO 6biTb rrpose.:I,eHO B rrapOBOM ITOJJe. npoTHB Tlb!pe5I rrpHMeH5IIOT ,naJJaiTOH, OJI,HOKpaTHO. Pacxo,n BO,ll.bl 1-1,2 TbiC. JJ Ha I ra. fep6HUHU rrpHMeH5IIOT, KOUa pacreHH5I ITbipe5I HMeiOT Bbicory He 6oJJee 8-10 eM. EcJJH yqacroK 3acopeH KYPHHbiM rrpocoM, ro raK:tKe rrpHMeH5IIOT ,naJJaiTOH, HO rpeXKpaTHO: rrepBb!H pa3- ITO BCXO,ll.aM, BTOpOH pa3- qepe3 I 0-15 J,HeH. rrocJJe .:I.HCKOBaHH5I Ha r JJy6HHY 5-8 eM 11 rperHH pa3- OIT51Tb qepe3 J0-·15 J,HeH ITOCJJe .:I,HCKOBaHH5I Ha rJJy6HHy 10- 15 CM. DpOTHB BblOHKa H OCOTa, a TaK}J(e O,lHO.lleTHHX COpHHKOB HCIT0Jlb- 3YIOT aMHHHYIO COJlb 2,4-)l 4 Kr/ra C ,'I,06aB\"1eHHe:vJ 4-5 Kf aMMHa'-1- HOH ceJJHTpbi. Ha I ra ,uaerc5I 1-1,2 TbiC. JJ pacrsopa. OrrpbiCKHBaJOT B cpa3y 6yTOHH3aUHH H HaqaJJa UBeTeHH5I COpHHKOB !1 ITOBTOp5IIOT 06- pa60TKY I.Jepe3 15-20 ,li.HeH ITO 0Tp0Clli11M COpH5IKaM. B CB5I3H c rrpHMeHeHHeM rep6uuu,nos o'-!eHb Ba}J(HO rrpaBHJJbHO Be- CTH o6pa60TKY ITO'-IB~, TaK KaK He B6BpeMH rrpOBe.:I,eHHaH KYJJbTHBa- UH5I !!Jill ,J)1CKOBamie CBO,'I,HT Ha HeT 3cpcpe\"THBHOCTb 6opb6bi C COp- HHKaMH. Do3roMy CHCTeMa o6pa6orKH napa J:O.'l:tKHa ,naBaTb B03MO:tK- HOCTb OTpacraTb COpH5IKaM, qr06bi y6HTb HX rep6HUHJ,aMH. TexHOJJOrH5I BbipamusaHH5I pacca;J:bi 3e:vJJJHHHKH B MaT04HI1Ke orr- peJ:e.1HercH UeJJbiM pH,li.OM 06CT051TeJJbCTB, 3aBI1CHI.ILHX OT 6HOJl0fHlJe- CKHX OC06eHHOCTeH pacreHHH 11 30HaJlbHbiX rrpHpO.:I,HbiX ycJJOBHI\"l. Dpouecc aKTHBHoro ycoo6pa3osaHHH y 3e:vr.1IHHHKH HalJHHaercH JJe- TOM H rrpO;I.OJJ:tKaeTC5I ,li.O KOHUa sereTaU110HHOf0 rrep110Ua, HO IT03JJ:HO o6pa30BaBWHeC51 p03eTKH pa3BHBaiOTC5I CJJa6biM11 11 '-!aCTO He ycrre- BaiOT )'KOpeHHTbC51. 003TOMy BCe ,lOJl:tKHO 6b!Tb HarrpaBJJeHO Ha TO, lJT06bi ycoo6pa30BaHHe HalJaJIOCb KaK MO:tKHO paHbWe. 3TO OC06eHHO Ba:tKHo B cpeJ,Hei1 30He, cesepHbiX 11 socrOLJHbiX paiioHax, r,le JJero cpaBHI1Te,1bHO KOpOTKOe, a OCeHb XOJJO,lHaH, lJTO CI1JlbHO CHH:tKaeT BbiXOJ: 11 KaLJeCTBO pacca,lbl. B IO}J(HOH 30He ca,lOBO.:I.CTBa c reKrapa MaTO'-!HHKa ITOJl)'lJaiOT B cpeJ,He:\\1! 400-500 Tb!C. WT. paCCaj.Lbl, Hepe,n- KO- 800 TbiC.- I MJJH. B cpeJ.HeH. :tKe 30He 500-600 rbiC. HBJIHerc5I ITO'-ITI1 peKOpJ.HbiM BbiXO,lO:vJ, a cpeUHHH Bb!XO,l COCTaBJJHeT 250- 300 Tb!C. Ha yce o6bilJHO o6pa3yerc51 HeCKO.'IbKO po3eroK, rrpul.!eM 6mi:tKai1- waH K MaTOlJHOMY KYCTy, o6pa30BaBWa51C51 paHbWe ;~,pymx, pa3BH- Ta CHJJbHee, c.'leJ.yiDmaH- cJJa6ee 11 r. ,1. BHa'-!aJ1e po3eTKa HMeer TOJlbKO JlHCTbH, HO C o6parHOH CTOpOHbi p.1a, r ;I,e oHa o6pa3oBa.13Cb, ecru 6yropK11, OTI<Y,na rro5IBJJHIOTC5I KOpHH. 5bicrpee OHH B03HHKaiOr, ec,1H 3TO Yiecro corrpHKacaercH c rroq- soif, XOT51 IT05IBJleHHe 3alJaTKOB KOpHeH B03MO}J(H0 11 6e3 KOHT3KTa C ITOlJBOH. Ho eCJJH YCbl HaXO.:I,51TC51 B B03.=LyXe, l<OpH11 He Y!Oryr HOpM3Jlb- HO pa3BI1TbC51 !1 yrJJy611TbC51 B ITOlJBy, '-ITO Be.J,eT K CHH:tKeHHIO Bb!XOL\\3 rroca.:I,O'-!HOro MarepHaJJa. Oo3ro:v~y J.JJH ycrrexa ,JeJJa Ba:tKHO, LJT06bl 220
see oTpacTaiOI..UHe ycbr Jie)l{aJIH Ha 3eMJie. ,UJIH 3TOro MaTOIIHbie pa- cTeHHH Jl.0•1)1{Hbl CHJJ.eTb ,JOCT3T0l.JHO peJJ.KO. 06pa30BaHHe UBeTOHOCOB H OC06eHHO HfO,ll, TOpM03!1T pa3BHTHe YCOB. 3acyxa H He,II,OCTaTOK TeiTJia B rrepsy10 ITOJIOBHHY JieTa OTT51f!1- Ba!OT CpOK HaiiaJia 3KTHBHOfO ycoo6pa30BaHH51. Y MOJIOJl.biX KYCTOB ycbi o6pa3yiOTCH TOJICTbie, a po3eTKH- Kpyrr- Hbie. Y)l{e y Jl.ByxneTHHX pacTeHHH Kal.JeCTBO HX HeCKOJibKO CHHMaeTcH. Y TpexneTHHX, a Te:v~ 6onee y pacTeHHH cTapwero B03pacra ycbi o6- pa3y!OTCH TOHbllie H p03eTKH CJia6bie. 3TO orrpe;JeJIHeT CpOK HCITOJ!b- 30B3HH51 M3TOl.JHHKa (1-2 ro;.r_a). BaMHOe 3Hal.JeHHe HMeeT rr cpoK rroca,II,KH ;.taTOIIHbiX pacTeHHH.- DYJJ.Y4H rrocaMeHbi c oceHH, OHH Ha cne;.r_yiOWHH ro;.r_ ,1a10T 6onbwoe- KOJIHIIeCTBO ycos. Op11 secemrei1, oco6eHHO 3arro3,Uanoi1 rrocaJJ.Ke, ycbi Hal.JHHaiOT 06pa30Bb!BaTbCH IT03)Ke H B MeHbllieM KOJIHl.JeCTBe. CpoKH rrocaJJ.KH MarOl.JHHKa orrpe;.r_eJIHIOTCH rrpeM,Ue scero KJIHMa- THl.JeCKHMH ycnosHHMH 30Hbi. B IOMHOH 30He ca,UOBOJJ.CTBa, rne poeT 3eMJIHHHKH rrpOJJ.OJI)KaeTCH ,UOJ!fO H Her OITaCHOCTH Bb!Mep3aHHH, OC- HOBHOH cpOK 3aKJia.'I,KH MaTOl.JHHKOB- OCeHb (OKTH6pb, HOH6pb). B cpe,UHei1 30He canosoJJ,CTBa oceHHHH rrocanKa B03MOMHa H uenecoo6- pa3Ha, HO B paHOHaX C cypOBOH 3HMOH H HeHa,JeMHbiM CHerOBb!M ITO- KpOBOM, HarrpHMep B UeHrpa.'lbHOH 4epH03eMHOH 30He, HHMHeM no- BOJI)I{be, 3aBepwaTb OCeHHIOIO ITOC3!U<y HYMHO He I103Me rrepBOH ,Ue- Kall,bl CeHTH6pH, TaK KaK rrpn 60Jiee I103Jl.HHX CpOKaX HeOKperrwHe pacTeHHH Moryr BbiMep3HyTb. t13-3a OITaCHOCTH I101l,Mep33HH51 B cpe,JHeH 30He C3,JOBOll,CTBa B. paHOHaX C cyposoi:f MaJIOCHeMHOH 3HMOH MaTOl.JHHKH 3aK.ria,!lb!BaiOT TaK)I{E' H B BeCeHHHH CpOK. 3ro H3.'!,0 ,JeJiaTb KaK MOMHO paHbllie, B rrepHO,U CeBa paHHHX HpOBb!X. Lfacro K 3TO:v!y BpeMeHH Tp)'ll.HO IlOJ!.fO- TOBHTb paccaJJ,y, Il03TOMY C IlOCaJJ,KOH 3ana3,UbiBaiOT, 'iTO, KaK yMe CKa3aHO, CHH)I{aer npO.'I,YKTHBHOCTb MaTOl.JHHKa. )..LJIH ycrrexa BE'CeH- HeH noca;.um paccany nyqwe scero xpaHHTb B xoJIOJJ:HJibHHKax, l.JT06bi B JII060e BpeMH ITOJJ:fOTOBHTb ee K ITOCaJJ,Ke. CxeMa nocaJ,KH MaTOl.JHHKa !!OJIMHa o6ecrrel.JHTb BbiCOKHi1 K0::7<P- <PnuneHT pa3MH0)1{E'HH51, TO eCTb 60JibWOe KOJ!Hl.JeCTBO pacca,Jbl OT 0KHO HCKJII04aTb B03MO:IK- HOCTb HX 01elliiiBaHHH IIpH pa3pacTaHHH ycoB. CJieLI.yeT HMeTb B BH,LJ,y, 'ITO oTpaCTaiOII]He ycbi rrpn cTpoqnofi rrocanKe HMeiOT TeH.J:eHUHIO pa- -<:TH B CTOpOHY MeLKJJ:ypH,Li,bH H TaKHM 0'6pa30M yChl COCe.J:HHX pH,Li,OB MOryT CMeW!!BaTbCH, II03TOMY Ka)K,LI,b!H COpT Ha MaT04HHKe Bb!Ca)KH- Ba!OT OTLI.e.1bHOH IIOJIOCOH. ,UJIH yJJ:06CTBa MeXaHH3HpOBaHHOH Bb!KOIIKH COpTOBb!e IlOJIOCbl ,LJ,OJI)KHbl rrpOXO.J:HTb qepe3 BCIO ,'XJIHHY yqacTKa. np!i Jieo6xo,lJ,HMOCTH qepe3 100 M MO)KHO ycTpaHBaTb rrorrcpe4Hhre nopom. PaccTOHHHe MeLKny copTOBhiMH rroJiocaMH ,LJ,OJILKHO 6hiTh 4 M, 4TO 1ICKJI!OqaeT «rrepeiiOJI3aHHe» YCOB H CMelliHBaHHe COpTOB, a TaKLKe o6ecrreqHsaeT ,Li,Opory ,lJ,JIH rrpoxo,LJ,a TpancrropTHhlx cpencTs H TpaK- TOpHhrx arperaTOB. 222
paCTeHHH. KpoMe TOro, B pH.uax oCTaeTc51 3Hal!HTeJibHOe KOJIH'leCTBO p3CC3.Ubi, KOTopyiO rrpHXOJJ:HTC51 Bbi6HpaTh BPYliHYJO. TOJibKO O.uHoJieTHee HCITOJib30B3HHe MaTO'lHHK3 ueJiecoo6pa3HO rrpH BhiCOKOM Bhixone pacca,Uhl. EcJIH )Ke B rrepsw1 ro,J, MaTO'lHHK ,J,a- eT M3JIO p3cca,Uhi, To ero BhrronHee ocT3BHTb H3 BTopoi1 ron. nocJie ::noro M3T04HHK JIHKBH,IJ:IIpyiOT. 0CT3BJI51Tb ero Ha ITJIO,UOHOIIICHHe HeJib35!, T3K K3K 3THM 6yAeT HapyiiieHa BC51 CHCTeM3 Bblp3IUHB3HJI51. ilo,J,rOTOBKa M3TO'lHHKa K BbiKOITKe COCTOHT B COpTOBOH 3I1pOOJ- UHH, BhiHBJieHHH 6oJibHhiX H nono3piiTeJibHhiX p3CTeHHH. CopToB y10 rrpHMeCb, 60JibHbie H ITO,U03piiTeJibHbie p3CTeHH51 YJJ:3JI51JOT BMeCTe C <npocwHMH OT HHX ycaMH H po3eTK3MH H yHHIJ:TO)KaJOT. OcMoTp M3- T04HHK3 H yHH'lTO)KeHHe Bb16paKoBaHHblX pacTeHHH rrpoBOJJ:51T o,n:HH pa3 B MeCHU. BhiKOITK3 paccanhr- TpynoeMKHH rrpouecc. Ecmr Bhixo,n: pacca.Uhi cocTaBJI51eT 250 ThiC. IIIT. c reKTap3, TO H3 ee y6opKy spy4HYJO 33- 1'pa4HBaeTc51 156 l!eJIOBeKo-nHei'I. CrreuHaJibHOH MaWHHhi .UJI51 BbiKorr- KH paccanhi 3eMJI51HHKH B cepHi1HOM rrpoH3BOACTBe rroK3 HeT. H3,:r, ee co3A3HHeM pa6oTaJOT s HI13I1CHn. I1ccJie,J,OB3HH51 H. I1. fepacHMOB3 so BHI1I1C HMeHH I1. B. MHliY- pHH3 ITOK333JIII, liTO )J)l51 Bb!KOITI\\H p3CC3JLbl 3eMJI51HHKH I1pHrO,J,H3 JIY- KOy6op04H351 :Y!3lliHH3 JIKf-1,4. )lJIH CITJIOWHOH Bbll\\OITKH paCC3JLbl 11pH OJ:HOJieTHe:\\1. HCITOJib30B3HHH M3T04HHK3 YCT3H3BJIHB3JOT J,OITOJI- HHTeJibHb!H ,1e:vrex Me)K,Uy JieMeX3MH ,UJI51 Bb!KOITKH JIYK3. )l.'l51 Bb!KOITKH paCC3,Ubl C OCT3BJieHHeM M3TOl!HblX p3CTeHHH 33- BOJLCI\\lle JleMeXa CHHM310T, Bblpe33JOT cepeJLIIHy OCHOBHOfO JieMeX3 C .,UB)'M51 rrpOJ:O.lbHblMH ITJI3HK3MH rrepe,UHero rpOXOT3, a BMeCTO II!IX CT3B51T JICMeX C apKOH, COeJLHHHJOIUeH rrp3BYJO H JieByJO ITOJIOBHHbl ocHOBHoro Jle:v~exa H rpoxOT3. DpH rrpoxo,n:e M3lliHHbi JieMeX3 rroJ:- pe3aJOT ITJI3CT TOJIIUHHOH 8-,10 CM, KOTOpb!H ITO Tp3HCI10pTepy rro,n:a- ·eTCH H3 peweTa BH6pHpyiOruero rpoxoT3. 0JI3CT KpOWHTCH, 3eMJI51 npocesaeTCH. 33TeM pacc3na rrpoxo,UHT Me)Kny sparuaJOIIIHMHCH rrnes- MaTI!4ecKHMH 63.'1JIOH3MH, rne OCT3BIIIHeC5l KOMKH 1104Bbl p33,'1,3B.'lll- E310TC5l, H H3 BTOpOM rpOXOTe paCC3,'1,3 OKOH43TeJibHO OTJ:eJIHeTCH OT 3eMJI!l. PaCTeH!151 ITOIT3,'1,3JOT Ha TpaHCITOpTep, OTKYJL3 IIX MO)KHO CH!I- M3Tb BpyqHyJO II YKJI3,Ub!B3Tb B 51IUHKH, HJIH OHH ITO;I:3JOTC51 B KOH- TeHHepbl Ha HJ:yrueM p51;I:OM rrpHuerre (piic. 89). Pacc3JLY Bhi6Hp3IOT H3 51IUHKOB, KOHTei'InepoB II copTHPYJOT. Dpu DCeHHeii: BbiKOITKe ycbi coxpaH51JOTC51 II ux oTpe3aJOT. DpH seceHHei'I BbiKOITKe 3TOfO ,J,eJiaTb He 11p!IXO,UIITC51, T3K K3K 33 3HMY OHII OTMH- p310T H CrHHBaJOT. CopTHPYJOT p3ccany B 33IUHIUeHHOM OT coJIHUa H BeTpa :v~eCTe. ilOCKOJlbKY rrpH MeX3Hli31IfJOB3HHOH BbiKOITKe MO)KeT CK3ITJIIIB3TbC51 oOJibllloe Komr'leCTBO p3cca,n:bi, pa6oTy HY)KHO opr3HH30BaTb TaK, 4T06bi COpTIIpOBIUHKH He OTCT3B3JIH OT BeJLyiUHX Bb!KOITKy, HH34e p3cca,J,a B sopoxe MO)KeT corpeB3TbC51 H rropTHTbC5L Dpu crr.'lO!llHOH BbiKOrrKe p3CC3.Ubi BMeCTe c yKopeHHBWHMHC51 po- 3eTKaMH OK33b!B3JOTC5l II M3TOl!Hbie p3CTeHII51. J1x CJienyeT OT;I:eJI!ITb. .JlJIH ITOC3J:KH M3T04HIIKOB H I1pOH3BOLI,CTBeHHbiX 3KCITJIY3T3UIIOHHbiX 224
nmneJibHOe xpaHeHIIe Bb!KO!l3HHOH pacca,Ubl JIY'-IIIIe BCero BeCTII B XOJIO,UIIJibHIIK3X, XOTH MOJKHO COXpaHIITb ee II He IIMeH XOJIO,UIIJibHII- KOB, '-ITO CJJOJKHee II xyJKe KOHTpOJJIIpyeTCH. nJlH 3IIMHero xpaHeHIIH pacca,Uy Bb!K3ITbiB310T Il03,[1,HO OCeHb!O, KOf,Ua OHa yJKe B II3BeCTHOH Mepe ITpowJJa 3aKaJJKy. Dpii xpaHeHIIII B xoJJo,UIIJJbHIIKax paccany pa36IIpaiOT, OTpHXIIBa- !OT C KOpHeH ITO'-IBy, y.UaJJHIOT JliiCTbH, OCTaBJJHH 1-2 C3MbiX ~OJJO,.'I.b!X, CB5I3b!B310T B IlY4KII ITO 50-100 IIIT. II YKJJ3,J.b!B310T B MeiiiKII pa3Me- pOM 70X70 cYI II3 rroJIII3TIIJJeHOBOH ITJJeHKII. MewKII ITJJOTHO 33BH3bi- BaiOT IIJJII 3arraiiBaiOT II KJJa.UyT Ha xpaHeHIIe B xo.riO,UIIJibHIIK. Heo6- oc.- 2XO.UIIMaH TeMITepaTypa xpaHeHIIH- OKOJJO Pacca;xa ITOKpbiBa- eTCH IIHeeM, He BHHeT II He fHIIeT. 0pii 6oJJee HII3KIIX Te~rrepaTypax B03MOJKHO ITO,UMep33HIIe, rrpii 6oJJee Bb!COKIIX- OTTaiiB3HHe II fHIIeHIIe. B xoJJO;:I:IIJibHHKe pacca.uy MOJKHO coxpaHHTb J,o BeceHHeil II .uaJKe JJeTHeH IlOC3AKII, TO eCTb OKOJJO ro,Ua. 0;J,H3KO Cile;:r:yeT ITO,l4E'pKHYTb He06XO,J.IIMOCTb TW:3TeJlbH0fO C06,110J,eHII51 TeMrrepaTypHOfO peJKIIMa, o oc.,:LorrycTIIMbi KOJJe6aHIIH TeMrrepaTypbr OT - 1 no - 3 Dpii peann- 33UIIH paCC3;J,bl !13 XOJIO,liiJ1bHIIK3 rrpeLI.B3piiTeilbHOe OTT3HB3HIIe ee He .uoiTycKaeTCH. B 30Hax c .uocTaT04HO ycTOH4HBOH 3IIMOH B03MOJKeH HeCKOJJbKO rmoH: crroco6 xpaHeHHH, Bbi3biBaeMbiH TPYLI.HOCTHMH rro;uep)KaHHH He- o6xo,UIIMoro Te~rrepaTypHoro peJKIIMa B xo,10;J.IIilbHbiX KaMepax, oco- 6eHHO BeCHOH c HacTyrrJieHIIeM TerrJJa. PaccaJ.y 33KJia,lhlBaiOT B xo- JIOAIIJJbHbie K3Mepbl, KaK OITHC3HO, HO C Bbi'I13,leHHeM CHera MeiiiKH BbiHOCHT HapyJKy H xpaHHT B cHeJKHOM 6ypTe no rrocaJ,KII. MeCTo ,UJIH xpaHeHHH Bbi6HpaiOT He 33JIIIBac~oe TaJJoi'! BO,lOH. CHeJKHbiH 6ypT coxpaHHIOT oT TaHHHH, yKpbiBaH ero orrHJIKaMH, coJIOMOH. BbiHOCHTb pacca;J,y H3 XO.'JO,J.IIJibHHKa ITOLI. CHer JIY4IIIe ITpH He60JibiiiHX MOp033X. TaKOH CITOC06 xpaHeHH51 6biJI yciTelliHO OCBOeH, HaiTpHMep, B COB- X03e «A.'IeKcaH;.I,p HeBCKIIH» PH33HCKOH o6JiaCTH ITO peKoMeHLI.3UHII Hl13l1CHO. no coo6w:eHHIO l1. l1. 4yxJJHeBC'. II B. l1. ¢HJIIIITITOBa, B OllbiTaX, ITpOBeJJ,eHHblX H3 l.feJIH6IIHCI<OH ITJIOLI.OOBOW:HOH ce.'leKI.I,HOHHOH OITb!T- HOH CT3HI.I,IIII, y;xaJIOCb coxpaHHTb Bb!KOIT3HHYIO pacca;J,y B Te'-leHHe 3II- Mbl B 33fJJy6JJeHHb!X 6ypTaX, Tp3HIIIeHX !1 06b!4Hb!X ITO,U3eMHbiX Xpa- HIIJIIIW:3X. Pacca,Uy roTOBIIJIII, KaK H ,'J,JIH xpaHeHIIH B xoJIO,UH.'lbHHKe, C TeM OTJIH4HeM, '-ITO KOpHII CB5I33HHOH B IlY4KII (ITO 50 IIIT.) pacca,Ubl o6MaKIIBaJJII B 3eMJIHHYIO 6oJITYIIIKy, YKJJa;J,biBaJIII B MeiiiKII H3 ITO.'III- 3TIIJieHOBOH ITJieHKH II ITJIOTHO CT3BHJJH B HIUHKII. 5IW:HKII ycTaHaB,'JII- B3JIH B 6ypTbl, Tp3HIIIeii, B 06bil[H0e ITO,U3eMHOe xpaHIIJIHW:e. B 6ypTaX, 3arJiy6JieHHb!X B IT04BY Ha 80-lQQ CM, HW:IIKII C pac- C3JJ,OH CT3BHJIII IIITa6eJieM B BIILI.e IliipaMH,Ubl IIIIIpiiHOH ITO OCHOB3HII!O 2 M H BbiCOTOH 1 M. B TP aHIIIeHx r Jiy6IIHoi1 no 40 eM II wiipiiHOH 70 eM HW:IIKH CTaBIIJIII B ,n:Ba pH,a,a. B o60IIX cJiy4aHx HW:IIKII 3aKpbiBa- JIH COJIOMOH CJIOeM 25-30 CM II CBepxy ITOJIII3THJieHOBOH ITJieHKOH OT JI.OJK;J,H. C HaCTYITJJeHIIeM MOp030B 6ypTbi AOITOJIHIITeJibHO yKpbmaJIH COJIOMOH, 3eMJiei1 HJIII OITII.'lK3MII. B 6ypTax II TpaHweHx ycTpaiiBaJIII BeHTHJIHI.I,IIIO, KOTopyiO 3aKpbiB3JIH ITPII TeMITepaType BHYTPII 0-2 °C. 226
B cJiyqae .naJibHetiwero CHH:IKeHHH TeMrrepaTypbi 6ypThi H TpaHweH BnorroJIHHTeJibHO yTerrJIHJIH cHeroM HJIH COJIOMOH. xpaHHJIHill,e HIUH- KH C pacca,ll,OH CT3BHJIH WTa6eJieM BbiCOTOH 2 M. 0pH CHHJKeHHH TeM- nepaTypbi ,lO 0-2 °C WTa6eJib yKpbiB3JIH ITOJIH3THJieHOBOH ITJieHI<OH. Bo scex cJiy'-laHx pacroia,ll,biBaJIH oTpaBJieHHbiE' rrpHMaHKH rrpoTHB Mbi- meif. OrrbiT rroi<a3aJI, '-ITO pacca.ny MO:IKHO xpaHHTb TaKHM rryTeM II B 6ypTe, 11 B TpaHwee, H B 06bi'-IHOM XpaHHJIHill,e. 5JJ.3f0,ll,3p5! paHHeH IIOC3,'1,Ke COXpaHeHHOH pacca;xoti IIJI3HT3UHH, 33.'l.O:IKeHHbie eiO, 6oJiee ypo:IKaHHbi, '-!eM IIpH 33IT03,l3JIOH BeceHHeti ITOC3,ll,Ke pacca].OH, B35ITOH C Y'-13CTK3. XpaHeHHe pacca,ll,bi T3KHM MeTonoM Tpe6yeT Har<OnJieHHH MeCTHoro OITblT3 C Y'-IE'TOM CKJ13,ll,b!B3!0Ill,E'fOC5! B pa3HbiX ME'CT3X TeMnepaTyp- HOrG pe1KHM3. BbtpaU{UBaHue caJJCeHt{eB cMopoouHbL U KpblJICOBHUKa Cnoco6bt pa3MHOMeHIHI. CMopo,UHHa H Kpbi:IKOBHHK o6Jia,ll,aiOT crro· C06HOCTb!O o6pa30BhlB3Tb rrpH,ll,3T0'-1Hhle KOpHH Ha CTe6JieBhlX '-13CT5IX B MecTax HX conpHr<OCHOBeHHH c nO'-IBOH. B KYCTe CMOpO,ll,HHbi HJIH KpbDKOBHHKa H,lE'T ITOCT05IHH35! CMeHa CKeJieTHbiX '-13CTeH. BMeCTO CTape!Olll,HX BeTBeH B03HHK3!0T HOBbiE', T3K H33b!B3E'Mbie rrpHKOpHeBbiE' rro6erH. 0HH p33BHB3!0TC51 H3 CIT5llll,HX ITO'-IeK ITO,ll,3eMHOfO OCHOB3HH51 KYCTa H, corrpHK3C35!Cb C ITO'-IBOH, o6pa3)'!0T rrpH,ll,3TO'-IHbie KOpHH. 0TBHC3!0Ill,He BeTBH, )J,3:1KE' CT3pbie, JIO./K3Cb Ha IIO'-IBy, )J,3!0T KOpHH B ME'CT3X KOHT3KT3 C HE'H. J-b 6JIH3Jie./Kalll,HX ITO'-IeK MOpcjJOJIOfH'-!eCKH BepxHeH '-13CTH CTapoti BeTBH B03HHK3!0T CHJibHhle BepTHK3JibHO pac- T)'Ill,He rro6erH, ITOJ.06Hbie IIpHKOpHE'BblM, KOTOpbiE' .'l.3!0T H3'-13JIO HO- BbiM K)'CTaM. HoBbie KYCTbi o6pa3yiOT co6cTBeHHbie KOpHH, aHaTOMH- qecKH H cjJH3HOJIOfl!'-IE'CKH 060C06JI51!0TC5! OT M3TO'-IHOfO paCTE'HH51 (pHC. 90). Crroco6HOCTb cTe6JieBbiX qacTeif cMopoJ.HHbi H Kpbi:IKOBHHKa .naBaTb npH,ll,3TO'-IHhle KOpHH 51BHJI3Cb 6HOJIOfH'-IE'CKOH OCHOBOH ME'TOD,OB HX BE'- reT3THBHOfO pa3MHO:IKE'HH5! 11 Bbip3I.lLHB3HH5! reHeTH'-IE'CKH O,lHOpO,ll,HbiX KOpHeco6cTBeHHbiX ca:IKeHueB. CMoponHHY H Kpbi:IKOBHHK MO:IKHO TaK- )!{e pa3MHO:IK3Tb npHBHBKOH, <ITO )J,E'JI3!0T ll,JI5! ITOJiy'-leHH5! WTaM60BbiX pacTeHHH. Y WT3M60BbiX paCTE'HHH JIE'fl!e y6HpaTb ypO:IK3H ME'X3HH3H- pOB3HHO. 0pHBHB04HOe p33MHO:IKE'HHE' CMOpO,lHHbi I! KpbDKOBHHKa B CCCP IIO'-ITH He I!CITOJib3yeTcH. KpoMe 3THX MeTonos, cMoponnHy I! Kpbi:IKOBHJIK MOJKHO pa3MH0- )!{3Tb ,ll,eJieHHE'M KYCTa, '-ITO rrpe;J.CT3BJI5IE'T I!HTepec TOJibKO B .'l.I06H- TE'JlbCKOM Ca,UOBO.'I.CTBe. Crroco6HOCTb K yKopeHeHHIO cTe6JieBbiX qacTeti B HaH60.'lhWeJ1 cTe- rreHH Bbipa.IKeHa y CMOpOllHHbi '-!epHOH, CJia6ee- y CMOpO,UHHbl I< pac- HOH, CMOpO,ll,HHbi 30JIOTOH H eme CJia6ee- y KpbiJKOBHHK3, XOT5! H y Hero OH3 ,UOCT3TO'-IH3, '-IT06bi BeCTH BereT3THBHOE' pa3MHO:IKe!lil\\'. I3;vte- .CTe C TeM CJIE',ll,yeT OTME'THTb, '-ITO CMOpO,UHHa H Kpbi:IKOBHHK He 06J13- 15\" 227
Cnoco6 ropH30HTaJJbHbiX oT- BO~KOB HaLLe*eH H o6ecne4HBa- eT JJ.OCT3T04HO BMCOKHA K03~ ~HU:HeHT pa3MHOMeHHH, HO Tpy- JJ.OeMOK H He TIOJJHOCTb!O llO,ZJ.;La- eTCH MeXaHH33UHH. B Hl111 caJJ.OBO;LCTBa CH6H- pH HMeHH M.A. JIHcaseHKo cno- P11c. 92. Kycr, pa3JIO)KeHIIbili Ha OTBOAKH co6 ropH30HT3JlbHWX OTBO,Zl.KOB MOJJ.H~HU:HpOB3H B ueJJHX 60JJb- (cxe,lta). weH MexaHH3aUHH. BeTBH Ma- T04HbiX KYCTOB pacKJJaLI.biBaJOT He BKpyrosyJO, a B CTOpOHbl Me*LI.YPHLLHH, nepneWU1KYJJHpHO K JJHHHH pHLI.3. TipH T3KOM cnoco6e BeJJ.eHHH ropH30HT3JlhHWX OTBOJJ.KOB yJJ.a- eTCH ~exaHH3HposaHHO BbipaBHHBaTb no4sy non YKJJ3LLKY seTseil, MO*HO MeX3HH3HpOB3Tb nOJJ.CblllKY n04Bbl H Bb!KOIIKY MaTepHaJJa. YKopeHeHHbie OTBO,.'U<H npHXOJU1TCH JJ.opalll,HB:JTb roLL B nHTOM- HHKe. n. c. feJJb~3H.16eHHOM npe,ZI.JJOJKCH 11 HCnbiTaH Ha Csep;LJJOBCKOH TIJJOJJ.OBO-HfOJJ.HOH Onb!THOH CT3HUHH cnoco6 JJHHeHHb!X OTBOJJ.KOB, C04eTa- IOlllHH CnOC06bi ropH30HT3JlbHb!X H BepTHK3JlbHb!X OTBOJJ.KOB. Tioca*eH- Hbi:C B MaTOIJHHK paCTeHHH OTrH63JOT s KaHaBKH no JJHHHH pHJJ.a H npmnnH- JJHBaioT J< LLHY KaHaBIUI. OT ropH30H- ra.'lbHbiX BeTHell 0Tp3•CT310T sepTH- K3.1bHbie no6cnr, KOTOpb!e LLJJH yKope- HeHHH OKY4HBaJOT noiJBOH. YKopeHeH- Hbie no6erH oceHbJO OTpe3aJOT TaK, lJT06b! OCT3Bl!Tb !IX OCHOB3!1HC, pac- TI0.10)!(eHHOe HH*e ypOBHH nOIJBbl. B pe3yJJbTaTe o6pa3yeTcH no;L3eMHoe MIIOf0,1eTHee «nJlelJO» C «pO*K3MH» KaK nOCTOHHHaH .OCHOBa noJJylJeHHH BepTHK3JlbHbiX OTB0.1I\\OB. 3TOT ME'TO~ nepcnCKTHBeH Jl.JlH H3y4eHHH, T3K KaK JJ.3eT B03MOMHO-::Tb peWHTb 33J1.3IJY .\\1eXaHH33UHH OK)'4HB3HHH 11, B03MQ)l{- HO, OTJJ.eJJeHHH OTBOJJ.KOB (pHC. 94). Pa3MHOMeHH2 OJJ_peaecHeswHMH qepeHK3MH - HaH60Jiee npOCTOH no TCXHHKe cnoco6, liTO H CT3JJO npH41l- HOll erO lllHpOKOfO npHMeHeHHH. Lie- Puc. 93 TipaBHJJO pa3pe3aHH51 ro- peHKH Hape3310T 113 CHJJbHb!X OJJ_HO- PH30HTa.1bHbiX OTBOAKOB JJeTHHX npHpOCTCJB. )l,1HHa qepeHKOB J, 2 - 11pdBIWbHO, 3 - HCIIp<IBP/lbHO (ct·e· 06b!4HO 18-20 CM. J1:vreeTCH nOJ10- MO) 230
2 Pile. 94 .ITHHei1Hhic OTBO;J:KH (cxe,~ta): J - ypOBCHb IT048hl, 2 - \\1 !10f0.1CTHHH BeTBb :thHTeJJbHbii\\ Ollb!T HCll0Jlb30BaHH51 B UeJ151X llOBbiilleHH51 K03{jJQJ11lli1CHTa pa3:vJHO:tKCHH51 HCXO,QHOfO MaTepHacla C:v!OpO;J.HHbl lJCpHOK II 6oJJee KO- K.pOTKHX qepeHKOB. B lJaCTHOCTH, B. rpaMOJJHH Ha Kypcl<OH ceJJL- 2 -CKOX0351KCTBeHHOH Ollb!THOK CTaHU11H ycnelliHO HCllOJlb30BaJJ 3-fJ1a3KOBble qepeHim, a IO. B. Ocunos Ha OpJJOBChOH Tic10JLOB0-51roJL- HOH onbiTHOH cTaHUHH- o;J.HorJJa3!\\0Bbre. Kopon:ue qepeHKH Tpe6yJOT 6o\"Tiee 6JJaronpH51THbiX yc/IOBHH YBclaA<neHH51. l.J:epeHKH npHH51TO Hape3aTb H3 HH:tKHeH 2/ 3 ,Q,lHHbl npHpOCTa, r,Qe H caM npupoCT TOJJIUe 11 Me:tK,il.0)'3JJII51 cpasHineJ1bHO ;J.Jlf1HHbie. Bep- xylliKY npHpOCTa TOHKyJO, C pa3BHTOK pb!XJJOH CeDJ,UeB!l!IOH II 43CTO paCTIOJJOfKeHHblMH llOlJKaMH 6b!Jl0 np!!H51TO ClJHTaTb HCIIpllrO;:LHOf! ;l.J151 pe3KH LJepeHKOB. 0JJ.Haiw HCC/IeJ.osarHI51 A A. HosHKOBa noKa3aJ1H, lJTO y CMOpO,'U1Hbl IJepHOK ee TaiOKe MO:tKHO I!Cll0.1b30BaTb ;1_,151 4CpeH- KOB. TaKHe IJepeHKH HecKOJJbhO MeHee y,ao6uw npH PYIJHoil nocaJ.Ke rryTeM BTbiK3HH51 B ITOlJBy, T3K K3K clCfKO JJOM310TC51, IIO Bb!XO,'] Ca- MeHUeB OHH ,Qa!OT Hei!JlOXOil, H B UCJ151X 60JJee paUHOH3JlbHOf0 HC- ITOJ1b30B3HH51 HCXO;J.HOfO M3TepHaJ1a HX CJlC.lYCT npHMeH51Tb. l.J:epeHKH CMOpO:JHHhl Kp3CHOi! H 30Jl0TOK )'h0pCH5110TC51 HeCI\\OJlbKO 25Xy:tKe, lJeM IJepHOH, ll03TOM}' HX npHH51TO Hape3aTb ,':LcTIHHOH ,QO CM. Pa3MHO:tKeHHe 3eJJeHbiMH IJepeHKaMH c:v~opoJ.IIHbi H Kpbi:tKOBHHKa o6ecnelJHBaeT BbiCOKHi'! K03QJQJHUHeHT pa3?v!HO:tKCHH51 H XOpOilleC Ka- l!CCTBO caMeHues nocJJe ,Qopaul)IBaHHH B nHTOMHHKe. BbrpaiUHB3HHe B KYJlbTHB3UHOHHh!X TIOMeiUeHII51X rrpH HCKYCCTBeHHO:vJ TYM3H006pa30- B3HHH, KOTOpoe He06XO,'l.HMO J].J151 YKOpeHeHH51 3CJJeHblX lJepeHKOB, 06- ,TJCflJ3CT KOHTpO.'lb 33 HX QJHTOC3HHT3pHbfM COCT051HHeM, lJTO ycnelliHO HCITOJ1b3YCTC51 rrpH 03JLOpOBJJeHHH paCTCHHil OT BHp)'COB H MHKO!lJla3M. YKopeHHeMOCTb JeJJeHwx IJepeHKOB cMopo:IHHhl qepHoH ,il.OCTHraeT 90% H 60JJee. l.J:epeHKH MO:tKHO fOTOBHTb H yKopeH51Tb .QO 4 - 5 pa3 33 JJeTo. Kpbr:tKOBHHK yKopeHHeTC51 TPYI.I.Hee, HO II no 3Toil KYJlbType B03MOfKHO HMCTb )'KOpeH51CMOCTb 70% H 6oJJee. MeTO:I oco6eHHO ueHeH rrpH pa3MHo:tKeHHH HOBhiX H ,QeQJHUHTHhiX COpTOB ,QJ151 6b!CTpOrO C03;:(3HH51 HX M3T04HHKOB, XOT51 npe,QCT3B,151CT 60JJblliOH HHTepec 11 ;J.J151 npOH3BOJJ.CTBeHHOro Bhlp3IUHB3HH51 C3:tKCHUCB. 23!
CMopo}l,HHa 11 KphDKOBHHK nopmi<aJOTC5! MHOrHMH spe,J,HTeJI5!MH 11 6oJie3H5!MH, B TOM IIHCJie BHpyCHhiMH H MHKOTIJI33MeHHh!MH, nepe,l.L310- lli,H:vli!C5! c noca}l,OIIHhiM M3TepHaJioM. Oco6eHHO onacHo MHKOITJJa3- MeHHoe 3360JJeBaHHe CMOpOJLHHhl IIepHOH- MaXpOBOCTh, HJJH pesep- CH5!, rrepeJ.LaBaeMoe rroiiKOBhiM K.'lelli,OM. Ha AJJTae 11 .UaJihHeM Bo- CToi.;e o6Hapy2KeHO T3K./Ke BHpyCHOe 3360JieB3HHe p5!6yxa. ,UJI5! 3TOl1 Ky.'lhT)'phr pa3pa60TaHa cHcTeMa 03JLOposJieHH5!. Ee ca.IKeHIIhi Bhrpa- lli,HBaJOT }l,Byx KJiaccoB: A (o3}1,opoBJieHHhie or BHpycoB H MHKOTIJia3M) H J3 (BIByaJibHO 3JLOpOBhle). BbipamwsaHite ca.IKeHrres cMopo.n.HHbi tJepHoii. TI o .n y II e H He c y- n e p-c y n e p 3 JI H T hi. TiepBbiH nan Bhipalli,HBaHH5! cynep-cynep3JIH- Tbi- BhiD,eJJeHHe BbiCOKOripOJLYKTHBHbiX, ycJIOBHO 3,UOp0BhiX pacTeHIIH. Tioc1e,JHee oco6eHHo saJKHO, TaK KaK YiaxposocnJO, HanpHMep, nopa- ./KeHa TOJ!hKO II3CTh paCTeHHH H eCTh B03M01KHOCTb OT06paTh 3)J.Opo- Bhle, liTO rop33).LO paiJHOH3JlhHee, IIeM 6p3Th }l,Jl5! 03JI.OpOBJJeHH5! HBHO 60,1bHOe pacTeHHe. 0,JH3KO B CB513H C TeM, LITO BHeWHHe IIpii3H3KH ITOp31KC'HH5! M3XpOBOCTh!O He BCef)J.3 rrp05IBJI5!10TC5! IIeTKO H rrepHOJL OT 33pa~<eHH5! !1,0 pe3KOfO npOHBJieHHH 3a6oJJeBaHHH COCT3BJ15!eT He Me- Bee Tpex ,leT, Ha6,'11011,eHH5! 33 Bblll,eJJ5!eMhiMH paCTeHII5!MH li,OJllKHhl 6biTb Tlli,3TellhHhl:v111 It, KpOMe TOfO, B3./KHO, IIT06hi Bhi).LeJJ5!eMhle pa- CTeHll5! He 6biJlH IIOpaJKeHhl riOlJKOBhiM KJlelli,OM, H3JIH4He KOTOpOrO npe.JTIOJJO./KHTeJlbHO CBH).LeTeJibCTByeT 0 33p32KeHHH paCTeHH5!. C oTo6paHHhiX pacreHHH oceHhJO cpe3aJOT no6erH, Hape3aJOT H3 HHX LJepeHKH ;:(JIHHOI1 10-15 CM H o6e333p31KHB310T HX B rop5!IIeti BO- oc oc).Le rrpn TeMnepaType 45-46 (oceHhiO) IIJJH 42-43 (BecHoti) np11 3KCTI03HIIHH 15 MHH. f1epe!!, 3THM IIepeHKH norpy2K310T H3 2 - 3 MIIH B BO,Uy C TeMneparypoti 30-35 °C, LITO o6ecnelJHB3eT JJY4WYIO TIOll,fOTOBKY HX K B03;:J:eHCTBHIO B~COKOH TeMrreparypw It TI03BOJIHeT H36eJK3Th CHHJKeHH5! ee npH 33rpy3Ke XOJlO;I:HhiX IIepeHKOB. f1porpe- B3Hlle npOBO,LLHT B npH6ope ,UJI5! HH3KTHB3IIHH ChiBOpOTOK IIJIH 6aKTe- pH0,10fHLJeCKOH 6aHe THna JlBK. TaM, rJ.Le cMopo;:uma nopamaeTCH 3.xpH33HTeMHOH He:vraro,Joti, noBpe.IK,ZiaJOmeil II04KH, 0. MeTJJHIIKHti 30H H . .U. PoMaHeHKO peKoMeHD,yJOT Bhi;J,epmHB3Tb 4epeHKH MHH rrp11 TeMneparype BO)J.bl 43,5 °C. L!epeHKH, nporpeThie B BO).Le, Bb!C3./KHB3IOT B II30JIHpOB3HHbie nap- HHKII, Hlli,IIKH, COCYJ.Lbl B fl04By, 06e333pameHHYIO nponapHB3HHeM ItJlH 2%<!Jy:vrllf3IJI!eti -Hbl:vl Kap6aTIIOHOM, f,Ue H Bb!p3lli,IIB310T 113 HHX pa- CTeHI!H. YxoJ: JLO,lJKeH 6biTh rmare.nbHhiM, T3K KaK nporpeTbie 4.epeH- KII :vwryr npH1KHB3ThC5! xyMe, IIeM HerrporpeThre, 11, KpOMe roro, 04eHb B3./KHO npeJJ.OXp3HHTh !IX OT 33pa.1KeHII51 Bpe)l,HTeJI5!MH II 6oJie3H5!MII. BbrpameHHhie pacTeHIIH B rre.nHx no)J.as.neHH5! B03MOJKHoro srrpyco- HOCHTel!bCTBa ripOXO)l,HT cyXOB03JLYWHYIO TepMOTepaiTHIO rrpii TeMIIC- ocparype 34 B rel!eHHe MeC5!ua. Tiocne repMOTeparrHH nposo,LJ,HT IIH- ,LJ,eKcauHJO nyTeM npiiBIIBKH Ha CeHHIJbl BOCripHIIMIIHBbiX COpTOB (fo- ny6Ka, I\\eHT). B Kal!eCTBe rpaB5!HHCThiX HHJLHKaTopos HCriOllh3YIOT He- KOTOphre Bll,LJ,hi ne6eJ.Lbi, Ta6aKa H J.Lpyme pacreHIIH. Bepxyrmm rro6eroB pacreHHH, rrpowe,zuunx cyxoB03JLYIIIHYJO Tep- MoTepanHJO, )'KOpeH5!10T IIOJI. H30J1HTOpOM B rrapHHKe, Teriliiiiie. f1o- 232
JiyYeHHble 113 HHX 3JI.OpOBbie paCTeHI15l CYI1Ta!OTC5l cynep-cyrrep:OMHT· Hb!MH. )lJIH C03,.J,aHI15l cynep-cyrrep3JII1TH0f0 MaTOYHHKa cynep-cyrrep3JillT• Hble paCTeHI15l BbiCaiKHBa!OT B rrapH11KI1 11JIH CneuHa.TibHbie )J.OMllKll CO CTepHJibHOA (ITpOITap11BaHHCM HJIH ¢YMHfaUHeA Kap6aTHOHOM) ITOYBOA 11 JI.epiKaT ITOJI. KaiTpoHOBbiMH HJIH MapJieBbiMH II30JIHTopaMH. YYacToK JI.OJiiKeH 6b!Tb oropoiKeH, o6cJiyiKHsaeTcH oH oiTpeneJieHHbiMH JI!O.:Lb- MH, KOTOpble ITOJ!b3Y!OTCH CITCUOJI,eiK)J.OA, 33Kpen,'!eHHbiMH opyJI.HHMH TpyJI.a. YxoJI. 3a cynep-cyiTep3JIHTHbiMH MaTOYHbiMH pacTeHHHMH ;.~,o.12KeH o6ecne\"YHTb CHJibHhiA poeT no6eros. B ueJIHX ITpo¢HJiaKTHKH oT rro- BTOpHoro 3apa2KeHI15l HX K32KJI.ble 10 )J.HeA 06pa6aTbiBa!OT HJI.OXHMHKa- TaM11. UseTOYHhie KI1CTH yJI.aJIH!OT co scex no6eros, ocTaBJIHH 11x JIHWb Ha OJI.HOA CHfH3JibHOA BeTBH, YT06b! C)'JI,HTb 06 OTCyTCTBHH 33- 6oJieBaHH5l MaXpOBOCTb!O. 5-6CyiTep-cyiTep3JIHTHbiA MaTOYHHK HCIT0.1b3Y!OT ;:~,o JieT, eJKero.:L- HO 06HOBJIHH He06XOJI,HMY!O YaCTb pacTeHHA. B hip am 11 BaH H e c y IT e p 3 .r1 H T hi. Cynep3JIHTY Bbipaw:HBa!OT pa3HhlMH CITOC06aMH, HO HaH60Jiee ITO)J.XO)J.HT )J.JIH 3TOfO OJI.HOllOYKO- Bble OJI.peBeCHeBWHe li 3('JI('Hble YepeHKH, TaK KaK OHH o6eciTeYH:3aKH Bb!COKI1A K03¢¢HUHeHT pa3MH02KeHHH H, KpOMe TOfO, IT03BOJIH!OT B HaH60JibWeA CTeiTeHH KOHTpOJIHposaTb ¢HTOCaHHTapHoe COCTOHHHe pacTeHHA. YiKe TO, YTO y YepeHKa HMC'eTCH O;.LHa ITOYK3, IT03B0.'15leT IIOJIYYHTb IT06er TOJ!bKO B TOM cJiyYae, eCJIH OHa 3,TI,OpOBaH. 3apa- :JKeHHbie ITOYKOBbiM KJ!eiUOM HJIH CTeKJIHHHHUei1 O.:LHOITOYKOBbie YepeH- KH pacTeHIIA He )J.a!OT H TaKHM o6pa30M OT6paKOBbiBa!OTCH. f1o.1:Jo6- HO TeXHOJ!OfHH )J.aHa IIpH OITHC3HHH Bblp3IUHB3HIIH C32KeHUeB 3.111Tbl H rrepBoA peiTpOJI.YKUHH. nPH BhlpaiUHB3Hlil1 cyiTep3JIHTbl Ype3Bb!Y3AHO B32KHO coxpaHlll j, ee OT IIOBTOpHOfO 3apa:1Kel!HH, II03TOMY 60pb6a C Bpe.:LHTeJIHMH H 6o.1e3- HHMH ITpOBO)J.HTCH T3K iKe TW:aTeJibHO, KaK H H3 M3TOYHHKe cyrrep- cyiTep3JIHTbl. B hip am H BaH 11 e 3 JI H T hi H IT e p B o A p e rr p o JI. y K u rr 11. MaTOYHHKH 3JIHTbi co3;.I,a!OT ITyTeM ITocanKH cyiTep3.1HTHbiX pacTeHJJA, MaTOYHHKH nepBOH penpOJI.YKUHH- IIYTC'M ITOC3;.I,IO! 3JlllTHb!X paCTe- HHA. DocaJI.OYHbiA MaTepH3J1 nepsoA perrpoJI.yKu,I!H H!leT aa ITOC3J.KY 3KCITJiyaTaU110HHb!X IT.1aHT3UHH H HCXOJJ,Hb!M ,J,,15I ,1,3:ibHetiwero pa3MHO- :JKeHHH CJIYiKHTb He MO/KeT. MaTOYHHKI! CMOpOJI.HHbi YepHoti JJ,OJiiKHbi HMCTb npocTpaHCTBeHHY!O H30JIHUH!O OT ITpOH3BO,J.CTBeHHb!X HacalK)J.('HI!H 1,5-2 KM. Jlyywe HX C03,li.3B3Tb B JI.pyroM OTJI,eJieHHH, JI.P)TOH 6pura)J.e, YT06b! He JI.OITYCKaTb o6pa60TKH TeMH iKe opyJI.I1HMH, KOTOpb!MH o6pa63Tb!B3!0T 11 3KCl1.1ya- TaUHOHHbl(' HI\"O,li.HHKH. 3CpoK HCIIOJib30BaHHH MaToYHHKOB rona. PacTeHHH nJIOJI.OHOCHTb He JI.OJiiKHbi. CymecTBOBaJro MHCHHe o Heo6xo,.J,H:\\IOCTH rrJioJI,oHoweHHH M3TOYHblX pacTeHHA, YT06bi MOiKHO 6b!JIO rrposepHTb HX IIpOJI.YKTHB· HOCTb. 3TO HMeJIO CMblCJI B TOT rrepHOJI., KOf,J.a p33:VIH02KeHHe BeJIOCb 6eccHcTeMHO H HCXOJI.HhiA MaTepHaJI 6paJIH c JII06biX rrnauTauHA. B ua- 233
CT051lli.CC BpCM51 C BHC.ll,peHHCM CHCTCMbl I1pOH3BO.li,CTB3 3JIHTbl, r.ll,e Ha HaqaJibHOM 3Tarre Il.li,CT Tlll.3TCJibHbiH OT60p IICXO.li,HbiX paCTeHIIH ITO rrpO.ll,yKTHBHOCTII, 3TO Tpe60B3HIIC IIOTep51JIO CBOC 3HaqeHIIC. J3oJiee TO- ro, IIJIO.li,OHOWCHHe M3TOqHbiX paCTeHIIH HC)KCJI3TCJibHO, T3K K3K Be- Jl.CT K OC.136JieHHIO pOCTa II YMCHbWCHHIO Bb!XO.ll,a qepeHKOB II, KpOMC TOfO, qpeB3TO 33HOCOM IIOqKOBOfO KJ!Clll.3 rrqeJI3MH rrpii OllbiJICHIIII II 33p3)KCHHCM M3XpOBOCTbiO. A. A. HoBIIKOBbiM so BHHHC HMeHII H. B. MIIqyp,ma pa3pa60Ta- Ha TCXHOJI0f!f51 BC.li,CHII51 M3TQqH!fK3 CMOpO.li,HHbl IIpH 33fYlll.CHHOM pa3- MClll.CHHH paCTCHHH. illHpHHa MC)K.ll.YP51.ll.IIH 90 CM, paCCT051HHe B p51.li,3X 20 eM. Ha 2-3-ii: ro.ll. c 1 ra TaKoro MaToqHHKa rroJiyqaiOT 400-500 TbiC qepeHKOB. Bo3~IO)KHa 11 HHa51 wHpHHa MC)KJI.YP51.ll.HH, coo6pa3osaHHa51 C KOJICCH Tp3KTOpa, HO He MCHhWC 90 CM, HHaqe II3-33 33fYlll.CHII51 J! 33TCHCHH51 qepeHKII IIOJiyqa!OTC51 MeHee TOJICTb!MH II IIMCIOT CJIHWKOM Jl.•1llHHbiC MC)K.ll.OY3JI!l51 B HilfKHCH qacnr. 3aTpyJ:H51CTCR rrpOBC.ll.CHfiC KYJibTI1B3UllH II yxyJJ,waeTC51 KaqecTBO orrpbrCKIIB3HII51, YqacTOI< .ll.Jl51 33KJI3.ll.I<H MaToqHrrKa Bbr6HpaiOT xopowo yB.13)KHeH- HbiH 11.11! opowae:'<!biH, C II.'lO.li,OpO.ll.HOH, )KCJI3TCJibHO pb!XJIOH II 065133- TCJihHO HC3360JI0'1CHHOH rroqBOH. Ero HC06XO;J.II:V!O oq!ICTIITb OT COpHR- KOB, OC06CHHO :VIHOfOJICTHHX- Ilblpe>r, Bb!OHK3, OCOT3 II .ll,pyr!IX, ri03TO- My rrpe;I,WCCTBCHHIIKOM M3TOqHHK3 ,II.OJI)KCH 6biTb qepHbiH nap. UeJiecoo6pa3HO rOTOBIITb noqsy ,11)151 M3TOqHIIKa 2 fO.ll.a. nepBblH ro;:r,- CII.li,Cp3Tbl, oceHb!O B rroqsy BHOC51T HeMaTIIUll,li,bl (,[L)..L). Ha BTOporr roJl.- qepHbiH nap, copH51KII YHHqTo)Ka!OT c IIOMOlll.b!O rep6HUIIJLOB, OCCHb!O 33K.'l3Jl.b!B310T :'<!3TQqHHK. C:vropo;:uiHa qepHa>r xopowo nepeuocHT BHecenHe CIIMa3HHa 11 aT- pa3III!a ,1,0 nOC3_1,KII, n03TO>.ty 3TJI rep6HUH.ll,bl MO)KHO IICnOJib30B3Tb rrepeJ, 33KJI3.li,KOH :V13TOlJHHK3 . .[L.151 6opb6b! C nbipe:vr B napOBOM IIOJIC npiiMCH5110T Cl\\ICCb )J,aJiano- H3 (20 Kr/ra) HJIII TXA (40 Kr/ra) c aTp33HHOM (8-10 Kr/ra), Jl.JIH 6opb6bi C Bb!OIII<O~I- 2,4-,[L (4-5 Kr/ra). Do CBC)KC06pa60TaHHOf! yIIOlJBC OCCHbiO HJIH BCCHOH BHOCnT CHM33HH ;J,.'IH HlllJTO)KCHHH OJl.HO- JICTHIIX COpHRKOB B J,03C 8-10 Kr/ra 113 CYL1111!HC1bl:i: II04B3X 11 4-- 8 Kr/ra 113 6o.1ee JlCri\\!IX XOpOWO )\"B.13/!mCHIIbl \\.. 0oCI<0.1bKY ~13TO'! HHK CMOpO_l_l!l!bl l!epHOfl 33h:.!3J,bll3310T OCCHh!O, BHCCC!Il!C rcp6HUI1.10B ..aoJIE!>:Ho ObiTb 3aKOH'!elio 11c no3E!i:C 1!CM 3a 3 MCC51Ua ,1,o noca_'l,KIL Y;:r,oop>rTb noqsy yi.JacT~--:a, BbLJ,c.'lcHHoro no:1. 3aKJI3Jl.KY :viaToi.Jmr~--:a, CBCili:IIM H3B030M He Cie:L)'CT, T3K h:3K Oil HCCCT OlJC!Ib MHOfO CCM51H cop- H51KOB·. Oepcnpemucro H3B033 Jl.310T 80-120 T/ra l1J1H 33MCHRIOT ero TOj)cpOKO~!IIOCT3>.1!!. BIIOCHT T3!0KC \\lliHepa.1bHbiC y,ii.o6peHH51, HCXOJ.H 113 OC06eHHOCTCH n04Bbl. 3ai<.13,ZLb!B310T \\13TOIIIIHK OCeHbiO XOpOWO pa3- BHTblM!! 3.1l!THbi:'viii C3)KeHU3:\\Il!. NlCX3Hl!3HpOB3HHYIO noca.li,Ky Bbiii0.1- l!5110T M3Wl!H3\\IH CUJI-I-3, CPH-6A 11 JLp. Yxo,ZJ Ha :vraTOlJHIIKC JLOJIEI<CH cnoco6cmonaTb ciiJihiW~IY poCTy pacTeHI!H. Tioqsy KYJibTI!BIIPYIOT 6-8 pa3 3a ce3oH. DpH 3TOM CJICiJ.YCT IlO,ii.l!epKHYTb Heo6xO,'l,IIMOcTb oceHHet'r o6pa60TKII ~ICEI<,1,ypHJJ.lli1 l! !1priKYCTOBbiX IIOJIOC He TOJibKO C UCJlblO pbiX.1CIIH51, HO H c UCJibiO YHIII.JTOEI<CIIII>r 031IMbiX copHHKOB- rracTymhci\"r cyMKri H Rpyn<H, KOTopbiC nccHoi\"I O'!Cilb 6brCTpo pa3Bl!BaiOTC51 11 Hccy- 234
waJOT notiBy. B 30Hax He}l.OeTaTO'IHOro H HeyCTOHlfHBoro ysJiaiKHeHII5l Tpe6yeTe51 ITOJIHB M3TO'IHHK3. CMopOJl.HHa qepHa51 Jl.OBOJibHO xopowo nepeHoeHT BHeeeHHe eHMa- 3HHa, KOTOpb!H eJie}l.yeT npHMeH51Tb ,J,JI51 6opb6b! e eopH51K3MH B p51;\\dX. B 3apy6e/KHOI1 npaKTHKe, s qaeTHOeTH B BeHrpuu, }l.JI51 6opL6LI e BbiOH- KOM Ha nJiaHTaUH51X e~OpOJl.HH~ lfepHOH lleiTOJ!b3YIOT rep6HUHJ1. poH- CTap, OITpb!eKHB351 HM ITJiaHTaUHH ITOeJie TOfO, K3K ITOlfKH H3 no6erax xopowo noKpOIOTe51 qewyiiKaMH (He paHbUJe asryCTaJ. CHeTe'\\1a 3alll,HTbi paCTeHHH Ha MaTo'IHHKax owponHHbl 'ICpHoii Jl.OJIIKHa o6eene'IHBaTb HenospeiK}l.eHHOeTb JIHeTbeB H no6eroB. B 1-2-ii ro}l. noc.1e 33KJI3Jl.KH MaTOlfHHKa Heo6xonHMa anpo6aUH51. Bee copTOBLie np HMeel1 Jl.OJIIKHbl 6biTb HeMe;~.JieHHo y naJieHbl. OeM a- TpHBaiOT see MaTOlJHbie pacTeHH51 B nep11on sereTaU1111 OJl.HH pa3 B MeCHU, OC06eHHO B nep110}1. Ha6yxaHH51 ITO'IeK H UBeTeHH51, e QeJir,IO Bbl51BJICHH51 11 ynaJICHll51 BCeX paeTeHHH, ITO;I,03pCBaCMblX B nopaiKeHHH MaXpOBOCTbiO Ha TpeTHii ro,TI, oceHbiO nocJre B351TH51 qepeHKOB MaTO'IHHK JIHKBH- Jl.11PYIOT. PacTeHH51, eemr OHIJ He 33p3)!\\eHb! eTCKJI51HHHUeH, MO)!(HO Bb!KOIT3Tb Bb!KOITO'IHblM ITJIYfOM H pea.'!H30B3Tb ;LJI5l 3aKJI3}l.KI1 3KCITJiy- aTaU110HHblX HaeaiKneHIJH. TpexJieTHI1C paeTeHI151 51BJI5110Te5! O'IeHb xo- powHM noca,no'IHbiM MaTep11aJioM. OH11 6breTpo naiOT KYCTbi e 6oJibWHM KOJIH'ICeTBOM no6eroB, HO 113-3a 60JICC KpynHbiX pa3MCpOB H pa3BCT- BJieHHOeTI1 MCRee y,'J,06Hbl }l.JI51 ITOCa,'J,Kll, lJeM 1-2-JieTHI1e, IT03TOMY 60JiblllC ITO,UXO}l.51T }l.JI51 HeiTOJib30BaHH51 B JII06IJTe,1bCKHX eanax. EeJIH M3TO'IHbiC pacTeHH5! eMopo,nHHbi qepHoii rropaiKeHbi B HHIKHeii qaeTH eTeKJI51HHHUCH, TO }l.JI5! peaJII13aUH11 OHH HenpHrO}l.Hbl H HX e)!(Hf310T. IToeKOJibKY MaTO'IHHK aerro,1b3YIOT He 6oJiee Tpex JieT, ero eJie;LyeT 3aKJI3}l.biB3Tb B erreQHaJibHOM 5-ITOJ!bHOM eeB0060pOTe: 1, 2 - nap, ITO,l].r0TOBK3 ITO'IBbl; 3, 4, 5 - :VI a TO'IH11K. Han6oJiee paerrpoCTpaHeHHLiii erroeo6 BLrpamuBaHH51 ea/KeHues- H3 O,UpeseeHeBWHX YepCHKOB. floca)KeHHb!e B rpyHT 'IepeHKI1 'Iepe3 10- 15 ,UHeii ,naiOT KopHH. O,nHaKo rrpH rroca,nKe secHoii BHalfaJie o6pa3yiOTC5! JIHeTb5!, a ITOTOM- KOpHH. 9TO :VIO)KCT BCCTH K CHH/KCHHIO rrpHLI~JIBae MOeTJT, T3K KaK H,J,CT ITeeymemie YepCHKa, He Il\\1CIO!ll,Cf0 KOpHeH. Bo H36eLI\\aHHe 3Toro Y:epeHKH 3ar,1y6JI5!IOT B rroqsy TaK, lfT06LI oCTa- BaJIIJCb He3aKpbiTbiMH seero 1-2 rroYKH. BeeeHHIOIO nocanKY J1.C,13IOT K3K MO)!\\HO paHbWC, JlHOf,Ua ,J.a)!(C B rp5!3b. 60Jiee 3<jJ<jJeKTIJBH3 OeCHH5151 rroca,'l,I\\a 'IepeHKOB, OC06eHHO paH!I515!, KOr,Ua TIO'IB3 eme ,UOCT3TOlJHO TCIW35! H y TIOC3>1\\CHHbiX 'IepCHKOB, K3K noKa3aJ111 HccJie,TI,OBaHH51 H. A. Wepe~IeTa B YKpaiiHCKOM HHH ca,no- so,neTBa, npOX0}1.51T npOUCCCbl, TIO;I.fOTaBJIHBaiO!ll,IIC KOpHeo6pa30B3HHC. B IToJieebe, .nceoeTenH YKpaHHbi cpoK oceHHe}r rroca;I.KH YepeHKOB -- rrepsa51 noJIOBHHa oKT516p51, B Ue1npa.1LHOH qepHo3eMHOi1 30He- BTo- pa5! ITOJIOBHHa ceHT516p5!. ITo3;I.H5151 oeeHH5151 rroea,TI,Ka rrepe,TI, 3aMep3aHHCM rrOYB~ He co3naeT TaKHX rrpeHMY!ll,CCTB, HO OHa ue.'!eeoo6pa3Ha, TaK KaK BeeH011 e 3TOH pa60TOI1 06bilfHO OIT33.'l,b!Ba!OT. 235
TiocaMeHHble OCeHbiO, oco6eHHO n03,LI.Heti, YepeHKH 33 3HMY MOryr nonseprHyTbCH BbmupaHHIO. B CBH3H c 3THM norma K rroca,LI.Ke ,LI.OJIM- Ha 6LITb OCCBUieH, caMaTb Ha,LI.O TaK, YT06b! Ha)l. ypoBHeM nOYBbl 6biJia O,LI.Ha ITOYKa. Tpe6yercH nocraTOYHO n.TJOTHOe npH.neraHHe rroYBbi K qepem;a~r, YTO ,LI.OCTHraiOT yrr.norHeHHeM HJIH ITOJIHBOM. UeJIC~coo6pa3IIO ,LI.C.TJaTb OKyYHBaHHe no pH,LI.KaM, C03)1.3B35I H3)l. BepXHH\\'lJ{ \"OH!LaMH 'iC- pCHh:OB CJIOH IIOYBbl 3-4 CM HJIH TaKOH Me TOJ!lll,HIIbl CJIOH MYJibYII (roprf'). Tipn oceHHeti rrocanKe rro6erH )l.JIH Hape3KH YepeHKOB roroBHT 6JIHll..:e K cpOKy IIOCa,LI.KH, YT06b! MOrJIH OIIaCTb JIHCTbH, TaK KaK OHil C03J,a!OT TeXHHYeCKHe Hey,LI.06CTBa. VIx MOMHO y;:r_aJI51Tb. gJI51 BCCeH- HCH rroca)l.KH rro6erH )l.JI51 Hape3KH YepeHKOB cpe3a!OT l103)l.HO OCCHLIO. onxB BHVIVIC HMeHH VI. B. MHYYPHHa rro6erH B MaTOYHHKe CKa- WllB3IOT rpaKTOpHOH KOCHJIKOH, CB513b!Ba!OT B rryYKH I! xpaHSH BH3 1lr!.'IC B rro;:r,sa.TJe H.TJH capae, a c BbmaneHHeM cHera- B CHery. MoMHO xpa- HHTL IT)'YKI! II06erOB H B XOJIO)l.HJibHb!X KaMepax, HO rrpH 3TOM HX II3)l.O 6epeYb or HccyweHHH. 06biYHble 18-20-caHTHMeTpOBb!C YepeHKH MOMHO nape3aTb TOHKOH onxuHpKy.151pHoti mwoti, KaK 3ro neJJaior s BHVIVIC HMeHrr VI. B.lVlaYypHHa, HJIH Ha crreuHa.nbHOM craHKe rnrra rH.nLOTHHbi, KaK 3TO ne.1a10T n cosxo3e «TiaMHTL VIJibHYa» MocKOBCKoti o6Jiac1II. 06a crro- co62 IIpHCMJieMbl, TaK K3K HeT He06XO)l.HMOCTH Tlll,aTeJibHO C06JIJ01l,aTb r.rJaJ,KOCTb ITOBepXHOCTH cpe3a H ero paCCT051HHe OT 6JI!IMatiweti IlOYKil K3K BCpXHCfO, TaK H HHMHero KOHUa YepeHKa. 0)l.HOITOYKOBble qepeHKH Hape3aiOT spyYHYIO ceKaropoM. B 3TO\\I CJI)'Ya(' Ball<HO, KaK y)KC CKa3aHO Bb!Ule, YT06bl CTe6JieBa51 YaCTb 6biJI3 MOpcpO,'!Ofi!YeCKI! HHll<HeH ITO OTHOWeHHIO K ITOYKe. LJepCHKH 06b!YHO{I )l.JIHHbl MO:tKHO Hape33Tb 311:\\TOH H ITOT0:-1 Xpa- HHTb B CHery JLO rrocanKH. 13epyr rryYOK rro6eros, Hape3aiOT Yepemm H )'K.laJ,L!BaiOT HX B 06biYHble 51lll,HKH ,[LJ151 516JIOK \\!OpcpO,'!OrHYCCKII O,.TLHOlL\\!CHHbJ:\\!ll KOHUa:VIH B O)l.Hy CTOpOHy, YTO o6.nerYaCT IIOTOM Bbl- CaJ,I..:y. 5Illl.III<ll ycTaHaBJIJ!BaiOT B CHer H 3aKpb!Bai01 ll\\1 IlOJIHOCTb!O. CHe;.KHLir\"I 6ypr yKpb!BaiOT ( orrHJIKll, coJIOMa), YT06hr cHer He pacraH:J XpaHeHne B CHery crroco6crsycr HaCbilll,eHHIO qepeHKOB n.1aroii11 rrpeJ,- oTBpamaer rrpeM,nespeMcHHoe pacrrycKaHHe rroYeK. Bo ncex c.nyYaHx rrpii rrocanKe, oco6eHHo seceHHei'r, Ba&IIO coxpa- H51Tb B.'Ia&HOCTb YepeHKOB. Cxe:-rLr rrocaJ,Kll YepeHKOB pa3HbiC. 06biYHO rrocanKY )l.e.'!amr 70X20 eM, BbiCa)h:JIBa51 Ha 1 ra orw.no 70 TbiC. YepeHKOB. BLrxon ca- MCHUCB rrp!! 3TO:\\! COCTaBJI51,1 30-50 Tb!C. IllT. C rernapa. OrrbiTbi rroKa3a.nii, YTO c rcKrapa :VIOlliHO rro.'!yYIITL ropa3,LI.O 6o.1b- we ca&eHuen. Ha M.'!HeBcKor\"I orrb!TIIOH craHUHH canono,l,crna yepeHI<II BbiCall<IIB310T B KOHUe CeHT516p51- rrepBOH !10.10DHHe OKT516p51 )l.BYCT- pOYHO C Mef!<J,yp51,LI.b51MH 80-90 CM, paCCT051HHeM MC)J<J.y CTpOYK3Mll 20-25 CM, B j)H,LI.Y- 5-8 CM ( 420-450 Tb!C. WT. Ha 1 ra). 3To 1103- BOJI51CT !10.1)'YaTb C fCKTapa 250-350 Tb!C. O)l.IIO.KTIIHX Ca)KCHUeB. Bo BHVIVIC mieHa VI. B. MHYypima rrpaKTHKOBa.nl! rrocanKy (paH- HeneceHHIOIO) qcpeHKOB B crreuaa.nbHO cne.naHIIbie rp H)l.bi rpexcrpoYHO 236
\\ C pacc~OHHHHMH Me:tK):(y CTpOttKaMH 28 CM, Me:tKLl,ypH,UbeM Me:tK,UY JieHra- MH 84 J1\\B pHLl,aX 5 CM (420 TbiC. lilT. Ha 1 ra). fpH,Ubi fOTOBHT MeXaHH- 3HpOBaHl'IO oceHbiO rrpe,Ubi,Uymero ro,Ua H cBepxy 3CMJil! nacbmaJOr C:V!eCb ropcpa C rreperHoeM. 3TO COXpaHHCT IIO'IBY pbiXJIOH H II03BOJIHeT Beene~ rroca,UKy B ca:\\Ibie paHHHe cpoKH. )..LJIH ycKopeHHH rrpopacraHHH IIO'IeK 11 YKOpeHeHl!H rpHLl,bi IIOCJIC 06HJibHOfO IIOJIHBa IIOKpbiB310T IIO- JIH3THJieHOBOl1 I1JleHKOH, rrpHcbiiiaH ee KpaH rrotiBOH. Oo,U rrJieHKOfi na npHrpeBe Bee rrpoueccbr ycKopHIOTCH. B orrbirax A. A. HoBHKOBa BbiXO,U ca:tKenueB cocraB.riHJI ,UO 75% Bbica:ti<eHHbiX qepeHKOB. Op11 3TOM cno- co6e na,Uo rmareJibHO cJie,UHTb 3a reM, tno6bi rJe 6biJio rreperpeBa JIHCTbeB rro,U IIJieHKoiL EcJIH reMrreparypa rro,U rrneHKofi rrpH6JIH:tKaer- CH K 40 °C, ro nJieHKy y611pa10r. OpuMenenne ITJleHotiHbiX yKpbiTHfi oco6enno noJie3HO B 6oJiee ceBepHbiX pafionax, r,J.e KoporKHfi Berera- ll,HOHHbrfi nepHO,U. Ooca,UKa Ha reKrape 400-450 TbiC. ttepeHKOB rpe6yer H3JIH'IH5I coorBercrByJOlli,HX Mexann3:\\IOB. B coBX03e «0a~1HTb YlJTbHtia» MocKoB- cKofi o6nacrH ,UJIH 3THX ueJiefi rrepeo6opyLl,oBana pacca,Uorroca,UOtiHaH MallliiHa CPH-6A. nocraBJieHbi Lf,OITOJIHHTeJibHb!e 3aXB3Tbi Ha BbiCa:tKH- BaJOJ.UHX ,UHCKaX, ycraHOBJieHbi ,UOIIOJIHHTCJibHbie CHjl,eHb5! ,L(,'l5! ITOCa,U- tiHKOB, HecKOJibKO H3MeHeH nape3aiOIUHfi 6op03AY Koprryc. Pa6oraH c TpaKTOpOM T-75, HMeiOJ.UHM XO,II.OyMeHblllHTeJTb, rrpH CKOpOCTH 0,4 KM/'I arperar o6ecrretiHBaer rroca,UKY B pH,n:y qepe3 5-6 eM. Ha MJIHeBcKofi OITbiTHOH craHUHll ca,n:oBo,n:crBa rroca,UKY Be,n:yr BpyqnyJO rro,n: meJiepe3 :-.1ecrnofi KOHcrpyKUHH HJIH B KaHaBKH rJiy6Hnofi ,UO 20 n1 II I11HpHHOH 5 CM, C,UeJiaHHbie <flpe30H TO:tKe MCCTHOH KOHCT- pyKUHH. 3a 7 q pa6oraiOI.UHH MO:IKCT ycraHOBHTb rrpH pa3MeJ.UeHHH B pH,a,I<e na 5 eM ,no 5 Tbic. trepeHI<OB. B rrHTOMHHI<ax TaM6oBcKofi o6Jia- CTH rroca;.r.Ky ra K:tKe Be,n:yr rro,n: lli,CJiepe3. Han6oJTee coBepllleHHOH, KOHetiHO, HBJIHercH rroca,n:Ka MalllHHOH, raK KaK rrpH rroca,n:Ke rro,n: rueJTepe3 II B I<aHaBK!! B03Mo:tKHbi orcryrrJie- HHH or rrpHHHToro lllara rroca,n:KH, oco6enno B cropony ero yBeJIHtie- HHH, 4TO Be,UeT K y:vieHbllleHHIO 'IHC.'la BbiCa:tKHBaeMbiX Ha reKTap qe- peHKOB. B bi p a lU H B a H H e C a :tK e H U e B C Lf, 0 p a lU II B a H H e M 0 T - B o ,n: K o B. OcHoBofi rexnoJioriiii HBJ'IHeTcH rroJiy4eHHe yKopeHeHHbiX OTBO,L(KOB H ,n:opaJ.UHBaH!Ie HX B Te'!eHIIe CJICJJ:YIOJ.Uero ro,n:a B ITHTOMHH- Ke. OrBO;J.I\\ll Bbica:tKHBaJOr oceHhiO B rro,II.roroBJieHHYJO noqBy. Bbica;xKy MO/KHO BeCTH C ITpHMeHeHHC:\\1 IIOCa;J,O'IHOH MalllHHbi HJIII B 60p03,L(bi, KanaBKII. CxeMhi rroca,n:KH re :tKe, tiro n Lf,JTH qepeHI\\OB. 3acJiy:tKHBaer 60Jiblll0fO BHH:\\IamiH TCXHOJIOfHH BbipaJ.UHBaHHH Ca- )l(CHUeB c:-.ropo,n:HHhi qepnoi1, pa3pa6oraHHaH HoBocH6npcKofi rrJio,n:oBo- ~ro,n:Hoi1 onhlrHofi craHuHei1. BnatiaJTe nyreM oceHHel1 noca,II.KH orBo,n:- KOB HJIH qepeHKOB c pa3:\\reruenHeM 90 X 50 eM co3,II.aJOr Bpe~reHHbiii MaT04HHK. Benrol1 CJ'le;.r.yJOJ.Uero ro,J.a na,n:3eMHYJO qacrb rroca:tKeH- HhiX pacreHHH cKalllHBaJOT ceHOKOCHJIKOH KC-2.1, ocraBJ1H51 rreiihKI! 6-8 eM. Ha Bropol1 ro,n: Bee orpoclllHe rro6ern npnllliiHJIHBaJOr K notrBe B,L(OJib pH,UOB Ha,UJIOMJieHHbiMH H COfHYTbiMH eK06KOI\"! IIBOBbJ:\\1H IIaJIO'!- 237
PHc. 95. Cnoco6 pa3MHO)KeHHH CMOPO.ZUIHhi qepHoii Ho- socH6HpcKoii n,lOAOBO-Hro;uwii onhiTHoii craHII.HH (cxe- .Ma). KaMIL TaKI1M o6pa3o:vr J10JiyqaercH MaroqHHK rop1130HTaJibHbiX OTBo,n:- KOB (pHc. 95). Kor,Ua 0Tpocw11e ITo6erl1 ,UOCTHrHyr BbiCOTbi 20 eM. Hx oKyqHBaJOr rpaKropHbiM oKyqHI1KOM. Yxo,U B reqeHI1e .Tiera cocroHT B pb!XJieHI151X, ITpOITOJIKaX, ITOJII1Be, OITpb!CKI1BaHI1H ITpOTI1B 6oJie3Heif: 11 Bpe,U11TeJiei1. K oceHH oKyqeHHbie IT06er11 yKopeHHJOTCH. MaroqHI1K BbiKaiTbiBaJOT ITJiyroM-CK060H, paCTeHI151 pa3pe3a!OT ITO q11cJiy yKope- . HeHHblX IT06erOB II ITOCJie,UHI1e BbiCa:tKI1BaJOT Ha ,UOpaW,11BaHI1e B ITI1TO:vl- HI1K ITO 6o\"1ee 3aryw,eHHOi1 cxe:vre. B cpe,UHe:-v! or O,UHOro paCTeHIIH B :-.1aroqH11Ke IToJiyqaercH or 5 ,UO· 10 ca:tKeHUeB (B 3aB11CI1MOCTil OT CI1Jibl paCTeHHH 11 cOpTOBbiX oco6eH- HOCTeH). Pe3KOe yBeJII1 qeHHe K03cpcpHUI1eHTa p a3MHO:tKeHI151 HCXO,UHoro MarepHaJia H O;J,HOfO,UllqHOe ITOJib30BaHHC MaTQljHI1KOM, 1136aBJI5110W,eC OT OITaCHOCTH 3aHOCa ITQljKQBOfO KJieW,a, 51l3JI5110TC51 60Jibill11:vll1 ,UO- CT011HCTBaMH ,UaHHOH TeXHOJIOri!ll, OC06eHI-IO ITpH Bblpalll,l1l3aH!fll cy- ITep3JII1Tbl ll 3JII1Tbl. HciTOJ1b30BaHI1e ApyrHx ciToco6oB OTBO,UoqHoro pa3MHO:tKCHHH or MHOfOJICTIIHX KYCTOB ,UJI51 Bb!paW,HBaH1151 ca:tKeHUeB CMOpO,U11Hbl qepHOif: ITpH 3-JieTHe:Y! cpoKe llCITOJ!b30BaHH51 :Y!aTOljHI1KOB HepaU,I10HaJibHO. 8 bl p a lll 11 B a H II e C a :tK e H U e B C 11 C IT 0 JI b 3 0 l3 a H H e M H C - y yK C C T l3 e H H 0 r 0 T Mall 0 0 6 p a 3 0 l3 a H 11 51. 0CHOBaHo Ha pa3M- HO:tKeHHH 3eJieHblMH Jl,llf I\\OpOIKHMll O,UpCBCCHeBWHMH qepeHKaMH. IO. B. Oci1ITOBbr:vr Ha Op.TioBcKoi1 ITJIO,.loBo-Hro;~,Hoi1 OITbiTiwri craHUI1H pa3pa6oraHa TeXHOJIOrH51, HCITOJ!b3YJOW,a5l o6a CITOC06a. OepBb!M 3Ta- IT0~1 5lBJI5leTC51 )'KOpCHCHHe O;:J,HOITOtiKOBb!X O,UpeBCCHCBWI1X qepeHKOB. )lJI5l 3TO~I IJ,eJIH Hape3aHHb!C B 1\\!aroqHJJKe IT06erH xpaHHT ,UO BeCHbl l3 ycJIOB!lHX, IICK,1JOqaJOIUIIX ITO;:J,Cb!XaHHC IT06erOB HJ!fl ITpe:tK,UCBpCMCHI-IOe ITpopacraHHC IToqeK. B cepe;:~,HHC aiTpeJIH 113 HHX Hape3aJOT O,UHOIToq- KOBbie qepcHKH raK, qro6bi cre6JieBa5l qacrb qepe<ma 6biJia :\\10pcpoJio- r!ll!ecKH HH:tKHCH ITO OTHOlUCH1110 K ITOl!Ke (p11C. 96). O,UHOITOl!KOBbie qcpcHKH Bbica:tKI1BaJOr B pacca,UHHKH ryMaHoo6pa- 3YJOmei1 ycraHOBKI1 ITO cxe:vrc 8X5 CM, TO CCTb 250 lUT. Ha 1 M 2. TyMa- H006pa3oBaHl!e BK.l!Ol!aiOT ITO Mepe Heo6XO,UI1MOCTH. 0oqKH rporaJOTCH B poCT Ha 5-6-i:J. ,J,CHb, KOpHH rial!HHa!OT o6pa30BbiBaTbC51 Ha 7-10-H ,UeHb. 238
noPuc. 96 0;J:HOlJOqKQBhle qepe!IKH qepHOll C\\!OPO;J:IIIlhl 10. B Ocunoey K cepe.:umc :-.taH qcpcHKil xopowo yKopeHHIOTCH, no.1yl!HBWHecH :v~a JieHbKHc paCTCIIl!H ncpecalliHBaiOT B f!HTO\\IHHK Ha .li.Opall.I,I!BaHI!e. 3.a.ecb OHH HaXO,J,HTCH B Tel!CHHC JICTa II K OCCHll Bb!pacTaiOT .LI.O 40 C:vl. Ha BTopofi ro.:x BecHofi !IX rwpoTKO o6pc3aiOT II noJiyiiaiOT Cll.lbiibie pa3- BeTBJleHHbie calliCH~bl. noc.lC Bb!60pKH YKOpCHeHIIb!X O.'l,!IOf!Ol!KOBb!X l!CpCHKOB 113 pacca.a.- IIHI\\a cy6CTpaT IlbipaBIIIIBaiOT II BbiC3:iKIIBaiOT 3C.leHbiC l!CpCHim, TaK- :tKe c O,J,IIOH f!Ol!l\\OH. CymecTBoBaJio ~IHCIIIiC, '!TO npu BbiCOKOH Te:vmepaType B ry:v~aHo o6pa3yiOmcfi ycTaHOBKC f!Ol!I\\OBbi!\"I 1\\.lCil.l, .li.O.llliCH f!OrH6aTb. 0,J,HaiW onbna:vm Jl. )l. WavtaiicKoii B HI·U1 ca.:xoBO.'l,CTBa Cn6npH H:viCHH M. A JlHcaBeHKO .'l,OKa3aHo, 'ITO noLJKOBbiH KJJCil.J, npH 3TO:vi MO:tKCT coxpaHHTbCH, fi03TO:VIY Bblpalll,I!B3IIIiC B T)'\\Iaii006pa3y!Oil.J,IIX )'CTaHOB- KaX IIC \\IIO)KCT C.1ylliiiTb cpc;\"(CTB0\\1 YIIII 11TO)KCI!HH 3TOro BpE'.LI.HTCJlH. YKopcHHBIUHecH 3C.1CHbiC 'IcpeiiKI! ocTaB.'lHIOT B cy6crparc .a.o oceHH, 3arc:vt HX ncpcca1Kl!Baror B niiTO:\\IH!I!\\ Ha .a.opall.I,IIBaHHe. Om1 li:VICIOT .i!.OCTaTOl!HYIO CII.lY pOCTa, IIO IICCKO.lbl\\0 CJia6ee, l!e:vi no.lyl!eH- HblC H3 O;J:HOf!Ol!KOBb!X O.'l,pCBCCHCBWI!X l!CpCHI\\OB. )lJIH 3aroTOBKH o.a.Honol!KOBwx qcpcHKOB no TCXHOJJOrHH OpnoB- 'CKOH fiJJO.G.OBO-HfO.ii.HOi{ Oflb!THOH CT3Il~l!l! I!Cfi0Jlb3YIOT M aTO'!HI!K, B KOTopol\\! pacreHHH cpc3a!OT III!3!\\0 IIa.J. noiiBoii:. O.a.Hy rpeTbiO l!acrh uo6eroB ucnoJib3YIOT .:XJJH Hapc3KII 3C.lCHbiX qcpeHKOB, a ).J.Be TPCTH OCTaBJJHIOT paCTH H CpC3aiOT OC('I!b!O _']..lH 3arOTOBKII O;J:IIOf!Ol!KOBb!X 0-'lpCBCCHCBWIIX l!CpCHKOB. l1ccJJe.'l,oBaHHH H I1. TyposcKo~I so BHI1l1C rniCHI! H. B. MHl!y- pnHa noKa3aJJH, '!TO 3C.lCHbiC 'lCpCII!\\11 C\\!OpO,J,IIIIb! l!CpHOH .'I)'LJWC He ocraBJJHTb Ha :\\1Ccre yKopcHCHIIH .uo oceHa, a BbicaiKI!BaTb noc.1e yKo- ccpciiCHHH B rpynT. HeororpH na B.laro.110611c Ky.lbTYPbi, yKopeHHB- lliiiCCH 3CJlCHbiC l!CpCIIKII nepcca;J:K)' C .l!ICTbH:\\Il! ncpCHOCHT ,J,OCTaTO'!HO xopomo, ropa3,J,O .rty'mic, l!C:vi, HanpH:v~ep, 3e.1eiibiC 1tepeHKH 6o.1ee 3a- cyxoycTOHl!HBoro KpbDKOBHJ!Ka .3ro, Ol!CBH;J:IIO, CBH3a!IO npC:tK.li.C BCero c 6oJicc 6hrcrpoi'! pcrcncpa~ncfi Kopnci1 y C\\!opo,J,IIHbi. Ycncx ncpcca.ii,- KH yKbpeHHBlllHXCH 3CJJCilb!X l!CpCHKOB B rpyiH C03JJ.aCT B03\\10)!(!10CTb HCfi0Jlb30BaHHH f!JlOilla,J,!I K)'J1bTHBa~JIOIII!Of0 f!O:\\!E'Il.I,CHIIH ,]..lH yKopeHe- HHH HeCKOJibKO pa3. Ha c.le-'.!.yiOmnfi ro.:x 113 nepecaiKCIIHbiX 3CJICHbiX qcpeHKOB BbrpacTaiOT xopowo pa3BHTbic ca:tKCH~bi (pnc. 97) ABTopo:--r H H. l1 TypoBcKMr npc;x.lolliCII cnoco6 nepcca.uKH screnrpyiOil.I,HX )J.pescciihiX pacretmfi c y-'.l.aJJeiiHe\\1 JJIICTbeB. I1cnbiTaiiiiC ero rrpii nepe- 239
Ca.IKeHbl !i cpOKH, npHHHTble ,Il,JIH CMOpO,Il,HHbl 4epHOH, TO eCTb oceHb!O HJIH secHoii, yKopeHHJOTCH nJioxo. Ho, 6y.uy4H BbiCa.IKeHbi s KOHIJ,e as- rycTa- Hal!aJie ceHTH6pH, KaK noKa3aJIH HccJie.uosaHHH E. A. I1saHo- Boii, yKopeHHJOTcH y.uosJieTsopHTeJibHO 11 Ha c.le,IJ,yJOmHii ro.u 113 HHX BbipacTaJOT ca.IKeHIJ,bi ,IJ,JIH peaJ1H3aiJ,HH. J1yrrwHe pe3yJibTaTbi no.ly- qaJOTcH IlpH HCll0Jlb30BaH11H 6oJiee ,.'I.JlHHHbiX, lJC:\\1 IlpHHHTO ,Il,JlH CMOpO- ,Il,11Hbl qepHoii, qepeHKOB (25-30 or). MmKHo pa3:11Ho.IKaTb cMopo.urmy KpacHyJO 11 3eJieHbnm l!epeHKa!'viH. r. 11. Pacrrorrosa coo6maeT o Bbrcoimii 3cp¢eKTHBHOcTH pa3MHO/Ke- HHH KpacHoii c:11opo.uHHbi KoM6HH11posaHHbl\\III qepeHKaMH. KoM6llHH- posaHHbiH qepeHoK- o6JIHcTBeHHbiH no6er c He6oJiblliHM KYCO'IKOM npouworo,IJ,Hero np11pocTa. Iloca.uKa s rpyHT c JIHCTbHMII. YKopeHHe- MOCTb B ODbiTaX J1eHHHrpa,IJ,cKOH llJ10J,OBO-HfOJ,HOH OilbiTHOH CTaHIJ,HII COCTaBJIHJia OT 67 ,Il,O 90% H 6oJiee. TexHOJIOriiH HaXO,Il,IITCH B CTa,IJ,IIII pa3pa60TKII. Kpbi.IKOBHHK o.upesecHeBWHM 11 4CpeH Ka \\Ill p a3\\IHoJKaeTCH DJIOXO .. ToJibKO OT,IJ,eJibHbre copTa, noJiylJcHHbie nyTe\\r m6pH.UH3aiJ,HH c yqacTH- e:'v! aMepHKaHCKIIX ccpepoTeKOYCTOHlJJIBbiX COpTOB H cpopM, HanpHMep· PyccKHH, CMeHa, HHOr,IJ,a ,IJ,aJOT y.uosJieTBoprne.lbHbie pe3y.'lbTaTbi npH noca.uKe o.upesecHeswnx qepeHKOB. B npaKTIIKe Kpbi.IKOBHHK o6bilJHO· pa3MHO./KaJOT ropH30HTaJlbHbiMH OTBOJJ,Ka\\III C DOC-1e,IJ,yJOili,IIM ,.'I.Opalll,H- BaHHeM IIX B Te'leHIIe fO,!I.a B IlHTOMHHKe II.'I!I 3e.JieHb!MII qepeHKa!v!H. Kpbi.IKOBHIIK nopa.IKaeTCH HeKoTopbnm BIIPYCHbiMH 3a6oJieBaHIIHMH, narrpHMep OKaHMJieHHe\\I ./KHJIOK, orypelJHOII M03aHKOH, HO Bpe,Il,OHOC- HOCTb HX He TaKaH CH.!JbHaH, I<aK \\IaXpOBOCTI! O!OpO,!i.HHbl qepHOH IUJH KapJIIIKOBOCTH Ma.JIHHbl. B CBH3ll c 3TI!\\I noKa orpaHI!lJHBaJOTCH pa3MHO- .IKeHrreM OT6opHbiX, BH3yaJibHO 3,!i.OpOBbiX pacTeHIIH Kpbl./KOBHHKa, KaK I! KpaCHOH, a TaK./Ke 30.1JOTOH O!OpO;U1Hbl. /KCCTKIIX Tpe6osam!Il K orpaHIIlJeHIIIO B03pacTa MaTOlJHHKa TpCl\\!51 fO;:J,a~ll!, KaK ,Il,Jl51 CMOpO,UII- I!bl qepHOH, llOKa HeT, lJTO ,IJ,aeT 803\\10/KHOCTb YCDCillHO HCDO.'!b30BaTb ropH30HTaJlbHble OTBO,UKH, ,Il,C.laH 3TO 06bilJHbl\\I CDOC060M C paCKJia;:J,- KOH scero KycTa. O.uHaKo OTBO,Il,Ol!Hoe pa3\\IHOIKeHIIe TpyJ,oe:-.rKo, Tpe6yeT 6oJibWHX 3aTpaT py'IHOrO Tpy,IJ,a paHO sen!OH Dpii paCI\\.'laJ,KC KYCTOB Ha OTBO,Il,· KH, D03TOMY BCe WHpe BHe,Up51eTC51 B npaKTIII<Y pa3C.IHO/KeHHe KpbDKOB- HJIKa 3eJieHblMH lJepeHJ<aMH. 3eJieHoe 'IepeHKOBaHHe KpbDKOBHHI<a HCCKO.lbKO CJIQ)KHee, l!eM· cMopo.UHHhi qepHoii, 4To CBH3aHo c xy,!l.lllCH ormpeHHe:--.rocTbJO 3CJ1el!biX qepeHKOB H 60Jiee Tlll,aTeJibHbJ:\\I Bb!60pOM CpOI<a B351TH51 qepeHKOB. J1yqllJe OI<OpeHHIOTCH 3eJieHbie qepeHKH COpTOB, TIOJJylJeHHblX C ylJa- CTHeM XayToHa H .upyrHx aMepHKaHcKHX ccpepoTeKoycToii:lJHBb!X cop- TOB,- PyccKHH, IlHoHep. Xy)l<e oKopeHHJOTCH 3e.JieHbie qepeHKII cop- TOE esporreiicKoro THTia. J1y'lll1HH CpOK IlOCa,IJ,KH 3eJieHbiX qepeHKOB Kpbl./KOBHHKa, DO ,IJ,aH- 10. B.HblM OcHrrosa,- Hal!aJio o.upesecneHHH no6eros, 'ITO ycTanas- JIIIBaJOT ITO DOHBJieHHJO TIHrMeHTaiJ,HH IT06era. - Cnoco6bi rroca,IJ,KH H pe.IKHM rrp11 OKopeHeHHll 3eJieHbiX qepeHKOB KpbDKOBHHKa TaKHe .IKe, KaK H CMOpO.UHHbl l!epHOH. 0KOpeHeHHbie 3e- 15 C. H. CTenanoB 24''
.JieHbie qepeHKH OCTaBJIHIOT B TyMaH006pa3yiOI.IJ;eH ycTaHOBKe'~o OCeHH. 3aKaJIHBaiOT paCTeHHH llOCJie OKopeHeH.HH rryTeM rrpoBeTpHBaHHH, a 3aTeM CHHTHH !lJieHKH (JIY1IIIIe 3TO JJ,eJiaTb B rracMypHbiH JJ,eHb). OceHbiO paCTeHHH Bhr6npaiOT H Bhrca.amsaiOT B llHTOMHHK Ha ,nopa- w;rmaHHe. DpH 3TOM Tpe6yeTCH Tru;aTeJibHOCTh, TaK KaK pacTeHHH o6bilJ- HO 6biBaiOT MaJieHbKHe, KOpHI! He60JJblliHe. DocJJe llOCaJJ,KH MeJJaTe- JICH IIOJIHB. Ha CJie,nyiOI.IJ;HH ro,n B IIHTOMHHKe K OCeHH BbipacTaiOT Ca- MeHI..Lbi J!,JIH peaJIH3ai.LHH. Y X 0 JL B II H T 0 M H H K a X C M 0 p 0 .ir: H H hi H K p bl )K 0 B H H K a. B I.LeJIHX 60JibUieii KOHI.LeHTpai.LHH Bhrparu;nBaHHH caMeHI.LeB ceBoo6opoT llHTOMHHKa C:V!OpOJLHHbl H KpbiMOBHHKa MOMeT He BKJIIOlJaTb ,npyrHX KYJJhTYP H H:vieTb Bcero TPH noJrH: 1 -nap; 2, 3 - IIHTOMHHK. DpH o,n- HOrOJLHl!HO:vi Bbipai.U;HBaHHH B IIHTOMHI!Ke J.LeJiecoo6pa3HO B TelJeHHC JLBYX JICT fOTOBHTb IIOlJBy. B rrapOBO~I TIO•le BHOCHT opraHHlJeCKHE' (60-100 T/ra rreperrpesUiero HaBo3a HJIH 100-150 T/ra Top<lJoKOMrro- CTOB) 11 :vrrmepaJibHbie y,;r:o6peHHH (8-10 I.L/ra cynep<tJoc<PaTa, 1,5 I.L/ra x.rropHcToro KaJIHH). CopHHKH yHH 1ITOMaiOT rep6HI.LH,Z:LaMH. Dposo,nHT cpy~mrai.LHIO nolJBhi. DpnMeHeHHe rep6HJ.LH,J.OB JLOJJMHo 6hiTh 3aKOHIJeHo 3a 3 :vrecHI.La ,no rroca,nrm. CVIopo;uma ,noBo.rrhHO xopoUio ncpeHOCHT BHeceHHe CHMa3HHa O;uraKo ecTb Ha6.1IO,J.CHHH, lJTO noBTOpHoe BHeceHHe 3Toro nperrapaTa (qepe3 3 ro;.La) H ua owpo;.LHHY :\\IO)KeT B.lHHTb yrneTaiOw;e. Kpo:-.1c TOro, ;.L.'IHTC.'lbHOe IIOC.'IC,J.eHCTBHC Cl1:\\Ia3IIHa orpaHHl!HBaCT B03MO)KHO- CT!I ucnoJJh30BaHHH yqacTKOB ;.L.'IH ;:I.pyrHx J.LCJieii. B CBH3H c 3THM .'lyl!- we )\"HHlJTO)!<aTb COpHHKH B IIHTO\\HIHKe HfOJ!,HblX KYCTapHHKOB IIpH IIO- MOI.Il;!I 6biCTpO pa3.1araiOI.IJ;HXC51 npenapaTOB, K3K H npH TIO,LJ.fOTOBKC' f!OlJBbl TIO,'J. MaTOl!IIHK 3eMJI511IHKH (B rrapy). Yxo,J. B TIHTO:VIHHKC BKJIIOl!aeT 6-8 KYJJbTHB3I.LHii Ha rJJy6HHY 5 - 8 C\\1, IICpBble 1-2 Ky.lhTIJBai.LHH HYMHO IIpOBO,J.HTb OCTOpO)KHO, Hl' IIO,J.\"\\O.il51 6.1!13KO K pH;LKa\\1, lJT06bi He CTpOHYTb C \\ICCTa HCYKOpeHHB- IllliC'C51 H.lll C.1a60 Y1WpCII!!BU1HeC51 paCTeiiH51. T p C 6 0 B a H H 5I K C a )!( C H I.L a :VI C :\\1 0 p 0 .:L H H bl H K p bl )!( 0 B - H 11 K a . Bo3paCT caiKCIII.LCB o1opo,J.HHhi H Kpbi)KOBHHKa l\\IOMeT 6biTb 1-2 ro,'J.a. DopaiKCIIIIC Bpe,nrnc.151:vrn II 6oJJe3HH:\\IH He ,norrycKaeTcH Jlmnh y caiKCHI.LeB oropo,J.HHbi rrepBo.!i perrpo,n:yKI.LHII K•lacca B ,norry- cKaeTCH rropaMCHIIC no6erosoii raJJJII!I.Leii 11 MYlJHHCToii pocor{ HC 6o- Jiec 0,1%, a y KpbDKOBHIIKa nopa)KeHHC rp116Hb!YIH 60JIC3H51!\\!H- Ill' 6oJJce 0,1% o6w;ero lJI!C.la pacTCH!!i-'r. KoJJul!eCTBO Kopuelr y caiKCHI.La rrcp soro copTa ;r,O.'l)KHO 6hiTb HC MCHeC 11CTblpex, BTOpOrO- He :\\ICHCe Tpex, ,UJIHHa KOpHCH Ca)KeHI.LCH C:v!OpO.i!l!Hbl- COOTBCTCTBCHHO 15-20 II 10-15 c:\\1, Kpbi)KOBHHKa- 20-25 H 15-20 01. )lHa:viCTp OCIIOBaHIIH Ha,J.3e:viiiOll l!aCTH y ,li,ByX.TJCTOK rrepBOrO COp- Ta- He :\\ICHeC 1 C\\1, BTOpOrO- 0,8-1 01, y O.i!HOJJeTOK- COOTBeTCTBCI-1- HO 0,8 H 0,6-0,8 c:\\1. l.JIIC.'IO rro6eroB y .:LBYXJJeTOK- 1-3, y O,li,HO•lC- TOK- 1-2, l\\IHHII:\\1 a.1hHaH JLJJHHa no6eroB y ,nsyx.r1eToK oiOpo,nllllbi rrepBoro copTa- 40 01, BToporo copTa- 30 01, y Kpbi)!<OBHHKa- co- OTBCTCTBeHIIo 30 II 25 CM. 24::>
Dp11 ~hiKOnKe ca:tKeHues (;.I.o HJUI nocJie) Ha;.I.3eMHaH lJaCTh MO:tKCT 6hiTh yKopol!eHa ;1.0 pa3Mepos, Heo6xO;.I.11MhiX np11 noca;.I.Ke. BhiK3TihiB3IOT ca:tKeHUhi cMopo;.I.I1Hhi 11 Kphi:tKOBHI1Ka oceHhiO, B TOT :tKe cpOK, lJTO 11 Ca:tKeHUhl TIJIO;.I.OBhiX, 11JII1 HeCKOJ!hKO 11031Ke. 0;.I.H3KO H3;.I.O 11MeTb B BI1;.I.y, lJTO 3TH KYJibTypbl Heo6XO;.I.I1MO Bb!C3:tKHB3Tb OCeHbiO, 1103TOMY C31KeHUbl ;.I.OJI:tKHbl 6biTb fOTOBbl K cpoKy. BbiKOnKy nposo;.I.HT Te:vr fl<e BbiKOTIOlJHbiM nJiyroM, liTO 11 llJIOJ.OBbiX ca:tKeHues, 11JIH HasecHm''! cKo6ol'i:. )le¢oJIHaU1111, oco6eHHO rrpH yKopa- 411B3HH11 H3;.I.3e:viHOH 43CTH, He Tpc6yeTC5l. 06b!lJHO CMOpOJ.LI1HY 11 Kpbl:tKOBHI1K BbiC3:tKI1B3IOT H3 11JI3HT3UHIO oceHbiO, HO I-!Horna secHol'i:. Ha 311MY B 3TOM cJiylJae ca:tKeHUhl rrp11Ka- !lhiBaiOT CB5l33HHhiMI1 B TiylJKH, yKpb!B351 llOlJBOH KOpHH H WT3M6 H3 10-15 CM. HaH6oJiee rrpoCTol'i: H rrpHHHTbiH cnoco6 pa3MHO:tKeHHH M3,1HHbi- KopHeBbiMH oTnphiCK3MI1 (p11c. 98). Bo3~10fi<IW TaKfl<e pa3MHOJKeHIIC KOpHeBb!MH 11 3eJieHb!MH 4epeHK3V!H. B H3CT051I.LLee speM51 B CB513ll c MaccoBhL'vl pacnpoCTpaHeHHe\\1 BI!- pycHhiX 6oJie3Hei1, pe3KO CHH:tK3IOI.LLHX nponyKTliBHOCTb KYJibTYPbl, B rrpaKTHKY BOWJia pa3pa6oTaHHaH Hl13HCHD cHcTeMa npoH3B01l.CTBa ca:tKeHues KJiacca A, H34HH3IOI.LL351C51 c 03J.OpoBJICHH51 Hcxo;.I.Hb!X paCTe- HHH. I\\poMe Toro, npaKTHKyeTC51 H Bbipai.LLHBaimc ca/Keuues KJJacca D- BHeWHe 3J.LOpOBbiX, HO He 11pOWC).LlliHX CTieUI!3,1bHOrO 03J.L0pOB.1e- HI151 OT BHpycoB. noJiy'leHHe cynep-cynep3JIHTbl \" cynep3JIHTbl. CHalJaJia Ha llJ10JO- HOC51lll,eH n,13HT3UH11 OT6Hp3IOT H3H60,lCC npo,TI,yKTHBHb!C I! 3;.I.Op0Bb!C rro BHewHHM npH3HaKaM pacTeHI151. OT HHX oceHbiO BbiKanb!BaiOT pa3- BHThie OTilpblCKH, BbiC3:tKI1B3IOT HX B ropWKI! 1!,111 B330Hbl ).Lii3\\!eTpO\\I oo12-15 CM 11 xpaH51T B nonsaJie np11 Te:vwepaType OT ,TI,o 4° C, lJT0- 6hi OHH npoWJIH nepao;.I. noKo51. Doc.1e 3TOro HX o6pe3aiOT Ha BbiCoTe 30-40 CM 11 C03).L3IOT yCJIOBI151, 6JiarorrpH51THbiC )l,JI51 poCTa. PacTeHH51 B ropwKax ycTaHaBJII1B3IOT s Tep:--tocTaT H BbiJ.ep/1\\liBaioT npH TeMrrepaType 38° C B TelJeHHC lJeTbipcx HC).LCJib BbicoJ-::aH H'\\Ine- paTypa TIO)l,3BJI51eT p33MHO:tKCHI1C B11pycoB, I! paCTyi.LLHC BCpXyWKI! TI0- 6erOB OK33b!B310TC5l CB060).LHbiMH OT IH!X. 0;.I.II3KO Tep:V!OTepa111!5l HC 03;.I.Op3BJIHBaeT pacTeHH51 UCJII1K0\\1, 1103T0~1Y ).1.3JlbHCHillee p33\\IHO:tKCI!IIC BC,TI,eTC5l MeTO,TI,OM 1130l!11pOB3HHb!X BepxyuiC'IHbiX \\!Cp11CTC:'~I Ha IICK}\"C- CTBeHHOH TIHT3Te,1bHOH cpene. 3KCI1JI3HT3Tbl 6epyT OT 3THOJJHpOB3HilblX rrpm.;opHeBbiX no6crOB B CTepHJibHbiX ycJioBH51X H no:vremaiOT B npo6upKI! c HcKyccTscHHOH lliiT3Te.l!bHOH cpe).LOll. Jly4W11ll cpoK rrpoBe).LCHH51 3TOH pa60Tbl- KOIIC!l arrpeJI51- HalJaJio Ma51. 3KC!lJI3HT3Tbi pa3p3CT3IOTC51, J.LH¢¢epeHUHpyiOT TOlJKH poCTa, 113 KOTOpbiX B03H11K310T llHCTb5!, a 33TeM H KOpHH. BhiXO).L paCTCHHH OT l..[JICJia rroca:tKeHHhiX 3KC!lJI3HTaTos ,TI,OCTHraeT 20-40%. K HIOJIIO oHH 16* 243
JiaH,ncKoM Hl1l1 ca,noBo,ncTBa ( BeJIHKo6pinamur) ,UJIH pa3MHO)KCHHH HCIIOJ!b3YIOT MCJIKOHape3aHHb!C KOpe!llKH. J1x pa3MCJJJ,a!OT TOHKHM CJIO- eM B 5IIIJ)IK3X Ha IIOBepXHOCTH cy6CTpaTa (Topcp: IICCOK= 1: 1) 11 33Cbl- I1310T TCM )KC cy6CTpaTO\"v! C.TOCM 1 CM. 5{JJJ,HKH CTOHT B Ten.lJHll,C. Ha OTpe3Kax rmpHeH: B03HIII<aJOT no6em. Kor,na OHH npo6hJOTCH CKB03b cy6CTpaT, HX MO)KHO Bb!6Hp3Tb II 13b!C3)KHB3Tb Ha ,nopa!ll}IB3HHC B KYJibTHBau,rroHHoe no:.remeHHe c TY~taHoo6pa3oBaHHeM. floJiylfeHHb!e OT cyrrep-cynep3JIIITHbiX paCTeHIIH Ca)KCHll,bl OTHOCHT K KaTeropHH cynep3.1Jl!Tbl H HCnOJib3YIOT ;:(JIH 3aiGI3,UKI1 3JIHTHblX M3- T04Hl1 KOB. I3Bbrpalll,HBaHHe caiKeHu,eB MaJIHHbi KJiacca TaK)Ke IIalfHHaeTcH c OT6opa HCXO;:LHbiX BblCOKOnpo,UyKTHBHbiX, BHC!llHe 3,UOpOBb!X paCTCHHH. flpH 3TOM O'ICHb B3)KH0 YlfiiTb!BaTb COCTOH!!HC 3,UOpOBb5I IIJI3HTaUHH B UCJIOM. 0T6Hp3Tb paCTCHHH C~e,nyeT TOJ!bKO Ha T3KHX nJiaHTaUHHX, f,Ue HCT 5IBHO 60JibHbiX paCTeHHH, tiTO ycTaiiaBJII1B3CTC5! nyTeM OCMOT- pa BCeH IIJiaHTaU1111. 0T611p3Tb paCTCHl!H Ha nJiaHT3UH5IX, r,ne 11MCIOTC5I 60JibHbie p 3CTCHH5I ( K)'p'Ia BOCTb, KapJIHKOBOCTb, XJ10p03 11 ;:r_p.), He CJie,nyeT !I3-33 pHCKa CKpb!TOfO 3apaiKCHI1H. 0To6paHHb!C paCTCHHH cpopc11pOB3HHO pa3:\\1HO)KaJOT, noJiylfCHHbiC ca)KeHUbi H,UYT Ha 3aKJia,nKy MaTolfHHKOB 3JII1Tbi KJiacca E. Bbrpalli.HBaHHe aJIHTbi H nepBoii perrpo,ll,yKu,HH. CaiKcHU,bi 3JIHTbi 11 A I3rrepBoH: penpo,nyKUHH KJiaccoB 11 Bbipalll,I1BaJOT Ha crreullaJibHbiX M3TOlfHHKaX, KOTOpbie 3aKJI3;J,blB310T Ha ylfaCTK3X C 6oraTOH IIO'IBOH, XOpO!ll11M BO,UHbllv! 11 B03:LYillHbl:\\I ,npeHaiKCM. flpoCTpaHCTBCHHaH 1130JI5!U115I ~!3TOlfH11K3 OT :LpyrHX HaCaiK,UCHI1H M3JIHHbl, 3e\"v!JI5IHHKH !! !IX ,Ul!KI!X 3apoc.TeH, a TaKiKe CiKeBHKI1 ,UOJ])KHa 6biTb He MeHee 1,5~2 101. Ba)KHO, 'IT06br MaTOlfHI1K He o6cJiy)KIIBaJIII Te )Ke JIIO,UH, TpaKTOpbl 11 i\\!3IllliHbl, lfTO H 3KCIIJIY3T3UIIOIIHblC H3C3)K- ,UeHI15I MaJIHHbl HJIH 3CMJI5IHIIKH. f103TOMY ero Ha,'J.O pacnOJiaraTb B ,npyroH: 6pHra,ne 11JII1 n ;:Lpyro:.r OT)J,eJieHH11 xo3Hi1cma, a eme JIY'Illle ~ B X03HHCTBe, He 11MCJOJJJ,e\\r npoH3Bo;:r,cTBeHHhiX noca,noK 3TIIX KYJibTYP· J13-3a pa3JII14HOH peaKUI!II p03Ilb!X COpTOB MOJIHHbl Ha 3apa)KeH- HOCTb HeKOTOpblMII BHpyca\\111 peKOMCH;J.YCTCH B O,UHOM MaTO'IHHKC Bbl- Ca)KHB3Tb o,UHH HJIH ,.J,Ba copTa, cxo,nHbiX no peaKUHH Ha B11pychi. Ha- rrpHMep, no 3TO{I npiFIIIIIe IIe C.Tc,.J,yeT C3)K3Tb II :t O;J,HOM Y43CTKe Cop- Ta .T!aTaM H HoBOCTb KyJb\\IIma . .T!ytmJe Bbi.1CJIWlb ,.J,JIH KOiK,noro cop- Ta OT;J,CJibHb!H yqacTOK 1!.111 cnerura.lJI3HpOB3Tb O,.J,IIO X035IHCTBO H3 Bblp31ll,HB3HHH C3)KCH!LCB M<J.1I!llbl O,l,llOfO COpTa. B cenoo6opo1e :\\IaTO'IIIHI\\a Mamma HC noJnKIIa B03BpamaTbCH Ha rrpeiKHee \\ICCTO paHb!lle lfC\\I 4Cpe3 5~7 JICT. B cocTaB KY.1bTYP ceno- o6opoTa HeJib3H BK.1JOlfaTb Je:'>IJIHl!IIKy, ToMaThi, nepcu, 6ai<.Ta)KaHbi, KapTOcpeJib, T3K KaK OHII cnOC06CTBYIOT pa3MHOiKCHIIIO HCM3TO,U. CpoK HcnoJib30BaHHH \\IaTolfHHKa Bo II36emamie noBTopHoro 3apa- meHHH orpaHH'IHBaeTcH TPC:\\IH ro;:r,aMH. 4To6hr o6ecne'IHTb e)Kcro,nHbiH BbiiiYCK C3)KCHUCB, CJ!C,U)'CT C)!<Cro;UIO 33KJI3,Ub!B3Tb MaTO'IHHK. flpH no,UrOTOBKe ylfaCTKa ;1,.15! 3aKJI3;U<H MaTO'IHHKa BHOCHT XOpOWO rrepenpeBillHH HaB03, TOpcpOKO\\IITOCTbi 113 pac'IeTa 40-80 T/ra, lv!HHe- paJibllblC yno6peHH5! ~ ;ro 3 u cynep¢oc¢aTa H ,no 2 u XJIOpHcToro 245
KaJJI1H. Dp11 BbiCOKoi:f KI1CJJOTHOCTI1 rroL£B Heo6xoni1MO H3BeCTKoBaHHe pH113 pacL£eTa noBeneH115I ITOL!BeHHOfO paCTBOpa no 5,8-6,7. )lJJH OL£11CTKI1 yqacTKOB OT COpHHKOB rrpHMeHHIOT rep611U11nbi: I1p0- TI1B IlblpeH - naJJaiTOH, rrponiB BbiOHKa- aMI1HHYIO COJib 2,4 Jl C no- 6aBJJeH11eM 4-5 Kr Ha I ra aMM11aL£HOH ceJJ11Tpbi. )lJJH rrpoBeneHI15I BCeX 3TI1X Meporrp115ITI1H ITOJJe, rrpenweCTBYIOIIJ.ee 3aKJJanKe MaTOL£HI1Ka, conep:tKaT non qepHb!M rrapOM, naBaH, onHaKO, COpHHKaM OTpacTaTb no TeX rrpeneJJOB, L£T06b! yHHL£TO:tKI1Tb 11X rep611- UHnaMH. Oco6eHHO 3cpcpeKTI1BHO roTOBHTb rroL£By non 3aKJJanKy MaJJHHbi nBa rona: B rrepBb!H ron BHeCTI1 OpraHI1'-!eCKI1e y no6.peHH5I 11 HeM aT11UH- nbi, BO BTOpOH- OL£11CTI1Tb ITOLIBY OT COpHHKOB 11 BHeCTI1 MI1HepaJJbHb!e yno6pemrH. BHeceHI1e rep611u11noB cJJenyeT 3aKaHL£11BaTb He rro3:tKe L£eM 3a 3 MecHua no rrocanKI1. MaTOL£HI1K MaJJI1Hbi 3aKJJanbiBaiOT oceHbiO, Ho MO:tKHO H paHHei:f BecHoi:f. DocanoL£HbiH :vtaTep11aJJ- xopowo pa3BI1Tbie 3JJI1THbie oTrrpbiC- KI1. Cxe:vtbi rrocanKI1 MaTOL£HHKa noJJ:tKHbi o6ecrreL£HBaTb BbiCOKI1H Bbixon ca:tKeHueB c reKTapa, yno6Hoe rrpoBeneHI1e MexaHH311pOBaHHOH o6pa- 6oTK11 II04Bbl 11 3alll.HTHb!X Meporrp115ITI1H, a TaK:tKe Ha6JJIO,LI.eHI1H 3a 3nopOBbniH paCTeHH5IMI1, Bb!6paKOBKY 60JJbHbiX 11 ITO,Ll.03pHTeJ1bHbiX. Yno6Ha peKoMeHnoBaHHaH HI13YICHD cxeMa rrocanKH MaJJHHbi 6JJo- KaMH ITO yrJJaM KBa,LI.paTa 70X70 C:\\1, Me:tK,LI.Y KB3,.'l,p3T3MH (BJ.OJib 11 rrorrepeK) -2 M. JlorryCTHMa T3K:tKe pHnOB35l IIOCaJ,Ka 200 X 70 CM, HO B 3TOM cJJyL£ae TpynHee rrposoni1Tb yxon 11 KOHTPOJJb 3a cocToHHI1eM paCTeHHH. 0TITpbiCKI1 BbiCa)!<HBaiOT B 6opo3,Ubi, Hape3aHHbie rr,1yro:v1 DPBH- 25A 11JII1 ,LI.p. Ha IIO,U30JII1CTbiX II04BaX B 6opo'3ny c ITOMOIIJ.biO pa36pa- CbiBaTeJJH JOTY-4 C orpaHHL!HTeJJbHbi:VI KO:tKYX0:\\1 BHOCHT 40 T/ra TOp- cpOKOMIIOCTa. DOp03,Ll.bl ITOJJI,IB3IOT H3 p3C4eTa 1M 3 BO,Ll.bl Ha 70-100 M 6opo3,Ubl. Ha 4epHo3eMHbiX rroL£Bax BHeceHHe opraHH4eCKHX y.uo6peHHH B 6opo3,LI.Y rrp11 xopowei:f o6mei1 3arrpaBKe rroL£Bbi He o6.H3aTeJJbHO. B 3TOM CJJyL£ae rroca;:I.KY MO:tKHO BeCTI1 He B 6opo3,LI.y, a ~!alUHHOH CWH-3 HJ1!1 ca;:I.orrocanoL£Hbi:vtH M3IUHH3M11. DoJJHB ;~,aiOT rrocJJe rro- c anKI1. Ha.zne:vtHaH l!aCTb BbiCa)!<HBaeMbiX oTrrpbicKoB ;J.OJI:tKHa 6biTb yrwpo- L£eHa no 30-40 C'll. Korna rro6er11 3aMemeHHH nocTHrHYT BbiCOTbi 15-20 CM, CTapyiO L!aCTb MaT04HOrO pacTeHHH Bblpe3a!OT, y,UaJJHIOT C yL£aCTKa H C:tKHf310T. Yxo;~, Ha MaT04HHKe coCTmiT B yHH4TO:tKeHHH copHHKOB rryTeM 4-6-KpaTHoi:f KYJJbTHBaUHH, rrporroJJKax B 6JJoKax. He MeHee .UBYX pa3 B JJeTO rrpOBO,Ll.HT o6cnenoBaHHe 11 BCe 60JJbHbie H TIO,U03pHTeJibHb!C pacTeHHH BbiKarrbiBaiOT co Bce:vtH KopHHMH, ynanHIOT c y4aCTKa H C:tKHraiOT. HoBbiX pacTeHHll Ha HX MeCTO He rronca:tKHBaiOT. Ha BTopol'r ron paHo BecHoi:i BbiKarrbiBaiOT ueinpanhHYIO L£acTb Ka:tK,LI.oro KycTa c He6onbmoi1 KOpHeBoti cHcTeMoi:f. Ha ocTaBIUI!XCH B TIOL!Be KOpHHX pa3BHBaiOTC5I OTTipb!CKH. Te OTI!pb!CKH, KOTOpb!e Bb!XO- nHT naJJeKo B Me)!<nypHnbe 11 MoryT 6biTb YHHL£To:tKeHbi o6pa6oTKOH, a T3K:tKe cna6bie BHYTPH 6JJoKa, KOTopbie 3arymaiOT 6JJoK H He pa3BHBa- 246
CTBeHHO 0,8-1 CM (.Ll.JIH TOHKOCTe6eJibHbiX COpTOB-0,7-0,8 CM). Do6er o6pe3aiOr Ha Bblcore 20-30 eM. ,Ilmma KOpHeH: .Ll.OJI:>KHa 6hiTb He MeHee 10 eM (puc. 99). 06b!4HO MaJIHHY BbiCa:>KHBaiOT Ha TIJiaHTaii.HIO OCeHbiO, HO HHOf)l.a 9TO .neJiaror secHoii:. Ha 3HMY ca:>KeHIIhi npHKanhmaror o6hi4HO CBH3aH- Hhi:\\!H B ny'lKH, 3aChiTiaH TIO'lBOH KOpHH H BbiiUe HX Ha 10-15 CM. Bb~paUfueauue ca:J/Ceul_fee o6.1tenuxu 06Jiennxa- paCTeHHe .nsy.noMHoe. B ee ce:vieHHO:\\I noro:'.rcrse 6bl- saer npHMepHO nOJIOBHHa )KeHCKHX II nOJIOBHHa !'.iY:>KCKHX OC06eii:. ,IlJI.Sl noJiy'leHHH )!(e xoporuero ypo:>KaH B Haca:>K.neHHH .noJJ:>KHO 6hiTh 93-94% :>KeHCKHX paCTeHnH: H scero 6-7% · MY)!(CKHX (onhiJIHTeJieH:). CeHHI.J.hl o6JienHXH HeO)l.HOpO.Ll.Hbl no pocry, ypo:>KaHHOCTJ1, Ka'leCTBY nJIO)l.OB H cpOKaM C03pesaHHH, 'ITO ·3arpy)l.HHeT HX HCnOJib30BaHHe B Ky.lhType. B Hacromuee speMH BbiBe.neH ueJibiii: pH.Ll. BhiCOKOIIeHHhiX copros o6Jie- nnxn, Koropbie no yKa3aHHhlM Bhirue npH4HHaM pa3:\\!HO:>Karor serera- THBHO. Han6oJJee npHHHThie cnoco6bi B~rerarHBHoro pa3MHO)!(eHnH o6Jie- nnxn- 3eJJeHbi!'.iH H o.npesecHeBIUHMH qepeHKaMH. Kpo:v~e roro, MO:>KHO pa3MHO:>KaTb ee KOpHeBbiMH OTnpblCKaMH, O)l.HaKO 9TOT cnoco6 MaJIO- npOH3BO)l.HTeJieH, .naer B cpe,nHeM He 6oJiee 10 OTnpblCKOB OT :\\laTO'lHOrO pacreHHH. Bo3MO:>KHO H npHBHBO'lHOe pa3MHO:>KemiC o6.1ennxu, HO OHO O'leHb rpy,noeMKO H, Kpo:v~e roro, ,naer MeHee npo.J.yKTHBHbie H MeHee ,J.OJifOBe'lHh!e paCTeHHH, n09TOMY npaKTH'leCKOfO 3H34eHHH ,'I.mi IUHpO- KOrO npOH3BO,'I.CTBa IIC HMeeT. Maro'lHMKM. l.JepeHKH o6Jiennxn ( 3eJieHbie rum O,i!.pesecHesrune) 3aroraBJIHBaiOT B ClleiiHaJibHbiX MaTO'lHHKaX C HE'll.lO,J,OHOCHW.HX pac- TeHHH, TaK KaK qepeHKH C llJIO)J,OHOCHW.HX pacreHHH 3Ha'lHTe.1bHO HH- )KC Ka'leCTBOM, xy:>Ke yKopeHHIOTCH H )l.aiOT HH3KIIH Bb!XO)J, C3)KeHIIeB. Do 9TOH npH4HHe H qro6bi He CHmKaTb ypo:>Kaii, B nJIO.Ll.OHOCHW.HX ca;:~.ax o6.TJenHXH qepeHKII He roroBHT. Maro'lHIIK 3aK.1a)J,hiBaiOr Ha yqacrKax c Jiemm\"I n.lo,:r,opo,'I.Hoii noq- soii:. Dpn no.urorosKe nO'lBhi BHOCHT 100-200 r/ra opraHH'leCKHX y ;:~.o6peHHH, nposo,:r,Hr r Jiy6oKyro naxory. Doca,n:Ky ,n:eJiaror secHOH XOpOIUO pa3BHTbiMH O,UHOJieTHHMH Ca)!(eHI.J.aMH. J1x CTBOJIHKH 3arJiy6JIH- IOT B nO'lBY Ha 10-15 CM, 'ITO Bbl3biBaer ,UOnOJIHIITCJibHOe KOpHeo6pa- 30BaHHe H cnoco6crsyer JiyqrueMy pocry. CxeMbi noca,:r,KII :-.raro'lHHKOB 2,5-3 X 0,5-0, 7 ~~. ro ccrh 5-8 ThiC. pacreHHH Ha reKrap. Dpn noca,nKe copra pacnoJiararor or,n:eJJb- HhiMH TI0.10CaMH, pa3)l.eJIHH HX )l.OporaMH IUHpliHOH 4 l\\1, 4T06bi KOpHe- Bble ornphiCKH He :>.wrJIH nonacrb s coce,n:HHe p5I,Ubl. My:>KcKne 9K3eMn- JI5Ipbi ca:>KaiOT B OT,UeJibHbiH MaTO'lHHK C npocrpaHCTBeHHOH II30JIHUHeH OT )!(eHCKHX pacreHHH, 4T06b! He ,nonycTHTb nJIO,ii.OHOIUeHHfl nocJie)J,HHX. Yxo.u Ha MaTO'lHHKe cocronr s pbiXJieHHH no'lBhi, yHH'lTO:>KeHHH copHH- KOB H gaw.nre or spe.unreJieii: H 6oJie3HeH:. Maro'lHHKH, npe,n:Ha3Ha'leHHhie .UJifl 3aroroBKH 3eJ1eHbiX qepeHKOB, 248
II.eJiecoo6pa3HO pacnoJiaraTb B6JUI3H KYJJhTHBaUHOHHhiX noMememu1, 'IT06hl l\\leHbllle IIO,ll.C)'lllHB3Tb 33fOTOBJ1CHHb!C qepeHKH ,11.0 nOC3,ll.KII. CpoKH Hcno.1b30BaHII51 MaTOIIHIII<OB 6-7 JJeT. C reKTapa noJJyiiaiOT 400-500 Tb!C. 3C.TJCHbiX qepeHKOB HJIH 100-120 Tb!C. O,ll.pCBCCHCBllll!X. Dp11 6o.1hlllo:\\r o6be:-1e 3eJJeiwro qepeHKoBaHH51 HI1I1 ca.n.oBO,ll.CTBa M. A.C11611pH ll'viCHII JlHcaBeHKo peKO:\\ICH,J,)'eT H:WeTb .n.onoJJHHTeJJbHO He60Jlb!llO!\"! MaTOl!HIIK O,J,HOfO COpT a CO CXC:\\10!1 noca,ll.KI! 0,7 X 0,5 :\\1 B COOpy}!\\C'HIIH, KOTOpoe MO}!(CT 6biTb paiiO BCCIIOH noKpb!TO nJleHKOH, IIT06hi r-:aK MO}!(HO paHLllle nocl)\"l!l!Tb 4epeHKH, YJI.Jli!Hl!Tb ce30H qe- peHKOB3HI!51 Ha 15-20 ,ll.HCH II yrvreHbllli!Tb Tpy,J,OH3Dp51}!(CHHOCTb. CpoK no.1b30BaHH51 TaKHM MaTOIIHHKOM 3 - 4 ro,J,a. Cpe.n.H5151 npo- .n.yKTIIBHOCTb- 120 3CJ1CHb!X qepeHKOB C 1 :\\1 2 • Bb!palli,HBaHHe ca:>KeHQes U3 3eJieHhtx qepeHKOB. 3To Haii6oJJee pacnpoCTpaHeHHbiH cnoco6. B onbiTHO\\I X0351i''!cTBe HI1I1 ca.n.oBO,ll.CTBa M. A.Cu611pn H:-.reHII JiucaBeHKO Tai-:mr nyTC:\\I C/KerO,'LHO no.1y1Ja!OT ,11.0 1 l\\IJlH. C3/ECHUeB o6.1C'IIIIX!l. TexH0.10rii51 13bipaw,uBaHH51 caiKeHUCB o6.'1enHXH H3 3eJJCHbiX qcpeH- KOB B npiiHUHITe CXO;:Uia C TCXH0.10fiiCi1 Bblp311LIIB3f!II51 C31KeHUeB ,J,py- fHX nopO.:L, HO H\\!eeT HeKOTOpb!e OC06CIIHOCTH. l.JepeHim rOTOB51T, KOr,J,a no6em 113 :'113TOLJHbiX KyCTaX ,ll.OCTilfH)'T ,ll.JliiHbl 18-20 C\\1 !I !IX OCHOB3HII51 CT3II)\"T nOJl)'O,J,peBeCHeBlllHYIH. 0o- 6erH cpe3310T, OCT3B.15151 He60.1b!UOH ITCHeK. TaKil\\1 o6pa30M !13 O,ll.HOfO no6era no.'!yl!aeTC51 O,J,IlH qepeHOK ,J,.llli!Of! 15-18 CM, !IMeiOIIJ.HH paCTy- KIIJ.YIO BepxylllK)'. oceHI! OH BbipaCTaeT .:LO BbiCOTbi 25-30 eM, l!TO o6ecnel!IIB3C'T 803:\\!0)KHOCTb l\\IeX3HII3llpOB3IIHOH ITOC3,J,KII B IIHTO:\\!HilK Ha .n.opauumamie. Ce3oH 3eJJcHoro qepcHKOB3HII51 o6.1eiT1IXII B ycJJOBH51X CH611p11 npo- ,ll.OJ1}!\\aeTc51 OKOJlO :\\J('C51U3. 3a 3TO Bpe\\151 C :\\13T04HHK3 y.n.aeTC51 B351Tb 3II06erii pa3a. 003Jl,IIO BbiC3/!\\('HIIbiC 4CpeHI\\II (BTOpa51 IT0.10BHH3 IIIO- JI51) ,11.310T CJ136bte HCBbl3peBIUHC pacTeH!I51, 1\\0TOpble rH6HyT 3H:\\IOH. Do6erl! Hape3aiOT c yTpa 11 B no.'IJI3TIWCHOBbiX MC!llKax nepenpaB- YJI51IOT K C\\IeCTY o6pa60TKH CTII\\1)'•151TOpa:--1!1 KOpHeo6pa30B3HH51. IIepeH- KOB )',lL3.TJ5110T 3 - 4 Hll}!\\HIIX JliiCTa, 3aTe\\l CKJ13,ll.b!B310T B IIYl!OK no 50 lllT, CT51ri!B310T pe311HOBbl\\l E0.1bUO\\l, 06HOBJI5110T OCTpbl\\1 HO>I\\0:\\1 cpe3bl II CT3B51T B paCTBOp CTII\\l)'.TJ51TOpa Tal\\, 4T06b! norpy3HTb OCHO- B3HH51 Ha 2,5-3 n1. Te\\rnepaTypa pacTBopa 20- 22° C. B KalJeCTBe CTII\\1)'.151TOpOB rrcnoclb3)'10T I1MK (0,01%), I1YK (0,02%), 6J13CTC'J!IIH (0,01%), 6eTa6JJaCT (0,01%). ):LJlHTeJlb!IOCTb o6pa6oTKI! 14-16 4. PacTBop ~rmr<eT 6biTb rrcnoJib30BaH 2-3 pa3a, XpaHHTb ero H3,J,O B npOX.13,ll.H0:\\1 Te:IIII0:\\1 :'IICCTe. B rO,ZLbi c *apKrnr JICTOM B 6o.rrblllHX n.lCHOl!HbiX TenJJHUaX, r;~_e C03,ll.aeTC51 6JJaronp1151THbiH H YCTO!\"!l!I!Bb!H pe}!ZHM TenJJa II BJlarii, 3e- JICHbie LiepeHKH o6.1enrixrr, no .n.aHHbi\\I HI1I1 caxLOBO,J,CTBa CH6npu M. A.HMCHH JIIIcaBeHKO, xopomo yKopeHRIOTC51 11 6c3 o6pa6oTKH CTH- MYJ151Topa:vm (Ha 85-90%). BbiC3}!(HBaiOT 3eJieHbiC IIcpeHEH B E)'.lbTIIBaUHOHHOC no:vrew,eHHe B IIO,ll.rOTOBJleHHb!C rp51_1,bl no cxe:--1e 7X2-3 C\\I, TO eCTb 476-714 lllT. Ha 1 ~1 2 • 0CHOB3HH51 33f<1)'6.15110T 13 cy6CTpaT Ha 2,5-3 C:vl. 249
KopHeo6pa3osaHHe y 3eJieHhix qepeHKOB o6Jierrnxn Ha'IrmaeTcH qepe3 JQ-12 JWeH IIOCJie Bb!CaJ]KH. 0IITHMaJihHaH TeMrrepaTypa 803- JIYXa Ha ypOBHe JIHCTbeB 4epeHKOB 25-30° C. l.Jepe3 He;.Lemo rroc.1e Maccosoro yKopeHeHHH L!epeHKOB H3MeHHJOT pe:tKHM IIOJIHBa, yseJIH'IHBaJOT ero J]JlHTeJibHOCTb C 3-5 C J]O 40-60 C 11 YJIJIHHHJOT rrepepbiBhi c 3-30 MHH JIO 1-4 4. IToMew:eHHe rrposeT- pnsaJOT, a B KOHUe asryCTa IIJieHKY CHHMaJOT. f1oJIHBbl rrpo.nomKaJOT ,'1,0 3aMOp03KOB. l.LJIH ycHJieHHH pacTa rrpaKTHKYIOT IIOJ]KOpMKY MHHepaJihHbiMH yJio6peHHHMH s BHJ.Le 1%-Horo pacTsopa. K IIOJIKOpMKe npHcTynaJOT 7IIOCJie Ha'IaJia KOpHeo6pa30BaHHH H IIOBTOpH!OT ee 5-6 pa3 4epe3 J]HeH. J1y4WHe CMeCH (B %) : !VIO'IeBHHa- 50, cyrrepljlocljlaT- 40, cep- HOKHCJlbiH Ka.'!HH- 10; MO'IeBHHa- 40, cyrrepljlocljlaT H cepHOKHCJlb!H KaJIHH- ITO 30 C J]06aBJieHHe:vJ 6opa, MarHHH H MOJIH6J]eHa. l.JT06bi IIOJIY'IHTb CTaHJ]apTHbie, Ca:tKeHUhl, YKOpeHeHHb!e 3eJieHbJe qepeHKH npnxo;.LHTCH JIOpaw:HsaTh B IIHTOMHHKe B Te'IeHHe roJ]a. B IIH- TOMHHK HX BhiCa:tKHBa!OT BeCHOH. B CBH311 C 3THM Ba:tKHO COXpaHHTb paCTeHHH ,'1,0 fiDCaJ]KH. 06bi4HO YKOpeHHBWHeCH '3eJieHbie 4epeHKH 06- JJelliJXIl oceHb!O He BhiKanhiBa!OT 11 ocTaBJJHJOT 3HMOBaTh Ha :vJecTe yKo- peHeHIIH. f1p1I 3TOM Ba:tKHO, 4T06bi II04Ba 6biJia 3aMep3WeH, HO paCTe- HHH yKphiTbi cHeroM OT BbiMep3aHHH. f1pn TaJioi1 noqse 11 cHcrOBOM noKpose B03:v!O:tKHO Bhmpesm·me pacTeHHH. BecHoi1 pacTeHHH BhiKanhi- saJOT, COpTHpy!OT, 06MaKHBaJOT KOpHH B 60JITYWKY H xpaHHT J]O Bbl- caJ]KH B nOJIC B nJieHO'IHbiX MCWK3X B CHC:tKH0:\\!1 6ypTe. Bo3MO:tKeH H JIP}TOH cnoco6 3H:viHero xpaHeHI1H. YKopeHIIBWHeCH paCTCHil5! BbiKanbJBa!OT n03J]HO OCCHbJO, COpTIIPYIOT no pa3BHTH!O KOp- HCH H HaJI3CMHOH qacTH 11 YKJJa;.LbiBa!OT no 200-300 WT, B no.1H3THJie- HOBbie :VICWKH pa3~1epo~1 60 X 40 c:v1. MewKH 3anai1Ba!OT 11Jl!I 3aBH3hi- Ba!OT 11 nO!VICill,aJOT B nO;.LB3JJ, a I<Or;:La Bbiiiati,eT CHer, Bh!HOCHT H 3aKa- nhiBaJOT B Hero. ITpH 3TOM sa11mo, 4T06hi Te:vJnepaTypa B :vJewKax 6biJia OTpHUaTeJihHOH, HO He HH:tKe -JO °C. ITepe;.L nocaJ]KOH pacTeHHH noqsy nHTO:VIHHKa phiXJIHT 11 BbipasHH- BaJOT, KaK 11 JIJIH Jipyrllx n.'!O;.LOBhiX KYJibTYP· Bbica:tKHBa!OT pacTeHHH MexaHH3HposaHHO paccaJionoca,ri,O'II-IOH :viawi1HOH CKH-6A IWH Jipyri1- M11 Cxe:vJa noca;um 70X15 c:v1. BhiCa:tKHBaeMhie Ha ..QopaW:HBaHHe pacTeHHH HYieJOT c.1a6y10 KopHe- BYJO CHCTeMy, n03TO:V1Y IIOCJie nocaJ]KH Tpe6y!OTCH 'IaCTbiC IIOJIHBbl He- 60.'!hWOH HOpMOH (20-30 M 3 /ra), np114e:vJ JJY4WC 3TO J]CJiaTb !13 KO- pOTKOCTpyHHbiX ;:LO:tK,.QeBa•1bHbiX ycTaHOBOK, J]JIH 11Cf0 nOJJe IIHTOMHHKa 06Jieni1X11, rJ]e 11,ri,eT JIOpaW:HBat!He yKopeHeHHblX 3eJ1CHbiX 4epeHKOB, JIOJI:tKHO H ~1CTb CTaU110H apHyJO opOCHTCJJbHYJO ceTb C f11Jip aHTa :vi H. YxoJI coCTOHT s pbiXJieHHHX, YHH'ITO:tKeHHH copHHKOB 11 3aW:HTe oT BpCJIHTCJieH 11 6oJie3HCH. l.JT06bi IJ36C:tK3Tb Bbl60p04HOH BbiKOnKI1 HJ111 nOBTOpHO(! nocaJ]KH HeJ]oroHa Ha JIOpaw:I1BaHI1e, cJJenyeT BbiCa:tKHBaTb cJia6opa3BI1Tbie yKo- peHeHHbie 4epeHKH OTJie.'!bHO OT CI1JibHbiX, H CCJ111 OHH B nepBbiH fOJ] He J]OCTHrHyT CTaHnapTa, OCTaBJIHTb 11X ew:e Ha fOJ] Ha MecTe. BbrpamwsaHwe caJKeHI.J,es M3 O,ll.pesecHeswwx •IepeHKos. 3ToT crro- 250
co6 Bbip3'-UHB3HHH o4eHb 3cpcpeKTHBeH H umpoKo npw11eHHeTcH HoBo- cu6rrpn.:oi'r TI\"lOJ.OBO-HrO,llHOH OTibiTHOH CT3HUHeH. llo6errr )lnH H3pe3KH O,llpeBeCHeBWHX 4epeHKOB rOTOBHT B KOHUC oceHH- H343Jie 3HMbi, JlO H3CTynneHHH CIMbHbiX Mopo30B. Ecnrr K 3TOMy BpeMeHI1 BbiTI3n CHer, TO no6erH, CB5!33HHble B TIY'IKH, Xp3H5lT JlO BecHbi npHKOTI3HHbiMH B cHery. Ecnrr cHera eme HCT, TO rry4KH rro6erOB yKn3,1lb!B310T B 113KeTbl H3 ITOnH3THneHOBOH rrneHKH H, KOr,ll3 BbiiT3,1leT cHer, nepeHOCHT B Hero. Mo11mo xp3HHTb no6erH B rr3KCT3X H B IlOYielll,eHHH, r,lle 110)l,llCplliHB3eTC5! OTpHU3TenbH35l TC:Y111ep3Typ3 (He Bblille - 2 °C). B ME'CTHOCTHX, r;:r,e o6neTIHX3 He 110)lMep33CT, rro- 6erH YIOMHO cpe33TL BeCHOH. Y TI06erOB o6nerrHXH 06bil!HO HMCIOTCH 60KOBble p33BCTBnCHH5l, . KOTOpb!C Meill3IOT npH Xp3HCHHH H 110C3JJ,KC. Yfx cpe3310T npH 33rOTOB- Ke rro6erOB, OCT3BnHH TICHbKH HC 60\"1ee 1 CYI. llOC3JlKY l!CpCHKOB o6- JieTIHXH B ycnoBHHX CH6HpH npoBOJlHT BecHoi'r, I<OfJ.3 rro'IB3 H3 rny6rr- He 15 CM nporpeB3eTcH .11.0 5° C. H3pe3310T qepeHKH H3 no6eroB ,llHeii 33 10-12 .11.0 rroc3JJ,KH. )lnrr- H3 qepeHKOB 18-22 01, ,llH3MeTp- HC \\lCHee 5 MM. J1yqrne YI<OpeHH- IOTCH l!epeHKH, B35lTbie H3 HHlliHeH l!3CTH rro6erOB, xyme- !13 cpe,llHCH. BepxywKH rro6eroB )J.nH noC3Jli<H ne HCITO\"lb3YIOT. LJ:epeHKH o6neTIHXH CTIOC06Hhl YKOpeHHTbCH 6e3 npe)J.B3pHTeJibHOH TIO)J.fOTOBKH, HO rrocne,llHHH 110Bblill3CT npoueHT yKopeHCHHH H y6biCTpH- CT IlOHBnCHHe KOpHeH. )lnH ynyl!WeHHH KOpHeo6p330B3HH5! HCITOnb3YIOT npop3lli,HB3HHe B BO)lC, KH,Tibl!eB3HHC, o6p360TKY XHYIH'ICCKHMH CTH- MynHTOp3MH. llpe)J.B3pHTCnbHOe npOp3'-UHB3HHC npOBO,llHT 33 7-10 )lHeH )lO TIO- C3)J.KH. LJ:epeHKH CT3BHT B BOJlY H ;:r,eplli3T B Hei'r JJ,O Hal!3n3 H36yxaHH5l TIO'ICK H o6p330B3HH5! KOpHeBb!X 6yropKOB, ITOC\"'le 'Iero BbiC3lliHB310T. Bonee 3cpcpeKTHBH3 o6p36oTK3 l!epeHIWB cTHMynHTOp3MH KOpHeo6pa- 30B3HHH -J1MJ< (0,01%), reTep03YKCHHOM (0,02%). LJ:epeHKH, CB5133HHbie B IIY'IKII IIO 100 IIIT., CT3B5IT B )J.epeBHHHble HIUHKH, BbiCTn3HHbie rromBTIMeHoBoi'r rinCHKoiL H3 O.li.HH rryl!oK Tpe- 6yeTCH B cpe.li.HeM 2-2,5 )J.M 2 JlH3 H'-UHK3. B H'-UHKH H3nHB310T p3cTBop CTHMynHTOp3, l!T06bi OCHOB3HH5l l!epeHKOB rrorpy3HnHCb B Hero H3 4 - 5 Cl\\1. LJ:epe3 24 4 p3CTB0p 33YICH5l!OT l!HCTOH BO,J,OH KOMH3THOH TCMITepaTypbl H Bbi,lleplliHB310T l!epeHKH B TIOMelll,eHHH C TeMrrep3TypoH 15-18°C 7-10 ).l.HeH, 110K3 1105!B5!TC5l 3343TKH KOpHCH (6yropKH) H H3'IHYT H36YX3Tb ITO'IKH. )lorryCK3Tb p3CITYCK3HH5l ITOl!eK Henb35l, 1103- TOMy B cnyl!3e 33.i1,CplliKH C 110C3)J.KOH qepeHKH nepeHOCHT B rrpoxn3.i1,- HOC ITOMClll,eHHe, tiT06bi 33)J.Cplli3Tb ero. Krrnb4CB3HHe )le\"1a!OT )J.HCH 33 10-15 ;:r,o rroca)J,KII. foTOBHT Tp3H- IIICIO rny6HHOH 80-90 CM, H3Cbii1310T cnoH OITHnOK 10 CM, 33TCM ne;:r, H CHer CJIOCM 50-60 CM. LJ:epeHKH BCpXHHMH KOHU3MH 33r\"1y6nH!OT B CHer Ha O.iLHY TpCTb )lnHHbl. 0CT3BWYIOC5l H3,1l ITOBepxHOCTb!O CHera MOpcponorH'ICCKH HHlliHIOIO l!3CTb l!CpCHKOB yKpbiB310T Bn3lliHbiM MXOM. TpaHweiO noKpbiB310T nneHKOH. H3 :vwpcpo\"10rHl!ecrm HHlliHHX KOHU3X qepeHKOB, rroBepHyTbrx KBepxy, H3'IHH310TCH rrpoueccbr, nonroTaBnH- BaiOmrre KOpHeo6pa30B3HHe, a Ha l\\!OpcponorHl!CCKH BepXHHX KOHU3X, 251
Haxo)J,Hlll,I1XCH B cHery, paciTycKaHI1 B3HJie ITOBbiWaeT yKopeHHeMOCTb Ha BbiC31KHB310T OJ],peBecHeBWHe q CXe:\\Ie 70X 10 CM (143 TbiC/ra), HO B yqacTKa BecHOH pa3pbiXJIHIOT Ha nr HHKa ITOC3)J,KI1 T3K35I Me, K3K 11 qe HOCTbiO IT04Bbl OCT3BJ15IIOT 2-3 IT04 Yxo)J, 3a qepeHK3:11H B ITepBbiH Tlll,aTe,'!bHbnl, 4T06b! o6eciTe411Tb B CTHraeTCH He60JibWID!ll, HO 43CTbiM 4T01!(CHHeM copHHKOB. 3a .'leTo Heo XOpOWC:VI yxo)J,e 60JibWIIHCTBO C31!(e Hb!X p33MepOB II ITpHrO)l.HO )J,JIH ITOC B orrbnax HoBocH61IpCKOH rrJI rrpll llCITOJ1b30B3Hllll :\\IY,1b41Ipy!Olll,e ra.TJ 85% 411CJ13 Bb!C3/KCHHbiX O,i!,pe CTaH;r.apTHbie cal!<CHUbi o6Jierr11 MHbi 11:\\ICTb H3).1.3C:'v!HYIO 43CTb Bb!CO TII KOpHeH ,'J,JIHHOH ITO 20 0!, )l.II3 ,llJJH C31KCHUCB BTOporo TOB3p!Wf0 BCHHO 35-50 CM, 3-5 KOpHeH )l..'IH 5 Hl\\DI. a I<opHHX caiKeHueB l\\WryT 6eHbKOBoe paCTCHHC), HO IIX H3JIH4 lt'IH ycrrexa B03J.I.CJJbiBaHHH o6JI B31KHO, 1H06bl C3)KCHUbl 6biJIH CB0 MaT04HIIKil 11 rrHTONIHHKII cJJe)J,y JICHHbiX OT ;I,HKOpaCTylll,11X 33pOC,1C pacT3HHH B 33lll,liTHb!X ITOJIOC3X. Ma T04HIIKH II mnol\\IHHKII p a3 B HOCTb Bpe)J,HTCJIHMH H 60JIC3HH:>.IH.
1e IT04eK 3a)J,epM11BaeTCH. K11Jib4e- a 30,%. qepeHKH 06JiemiXI1 B ITHTOMHI1K ITO B03MOMHbl H J],pyrHe CXe:\\1bl. 004BY ry611Hy IToca)J,KH (18-20 eM). Tex- epeHKOB CMOpO,i!,HHbl. J-la)l. ITOBepx- 4KI1. :-.1eCHU )J,OJIMeH 6biTb oco6eHHO Bb!COKYIO ITpiiM!lBaeMOCTb. 3TO }1,0- MII ITOJ111B3MH, pb!XJieHIICM 11 YHI1- o6xO)J,I1MO 6-8 KYJibTI1B3U11iL OpH eHQeB K OCeHH )l.OCTIIraeT CT3H)l.3pT- C3)l.KH B Ca)J,. IOJ.I.OBO-HrO)J,HOH orrbiTHOH cTaHUHH eH ITJICHK11 Bb!XO,'J, C3)KCIIILeB )J,OCTI1- eBCCHCBWI1X qepeHKOB. 1XIl rrepBoro TOBapHoro copTa )J,OJI- OTOH He MCHee 50 CM, He MCHee ITH- 83:11eTp CTBOJIHK3 He MeHee MM. 0 COpTa 3TH ITOI<333TCJIH COOTBeTCT- HHOH ITO 20 Cl\\I II ).1.113N!CTp CTBOJJHK3 6biTb I<Jiy6eHbKII ( o6Jiemrxa- I<JIY- 4He He06H33TCJ1bHO. CITIIXII, KaK H J],pyriiX KYJibTyp, 060)J,Hbl OT BpC)l.HTCJICH 11 6oJie3HeH. yeT 33KJia)J,biBaTb Ha y4aCTKax, y)J,a- CH 06JICITHXH HJJH MCCT ee rrpOH3- B I 0 .IJ,Heii: o6c.TJe)J,yiOT na 3ap aMeH-
Jlureparypa A 6 JJ. y JJ .1 a c B P ,\\\\. Pa3:vtHO)KeHHe 30.loroii c;~~opOJJ.HHbi - TaillhCHT: Y31il ITVI. I 971, 7 c. A H JJ. p 10 11.\\ e H K o )l. TI. I\\aK BbipacrHrb KapJIHKOBbie J:(epesbfl Ha cHJibHOpoc.1biX A n.llOJJ.BOHX c rrpoMe)KyTOIJHoii scraBKOii. - CaJ<OBO;I.CTBO, I 964, N2 2, c. 53. H ,':( p 10m e H K 0 TI TeXHOJ!Oriifl rrpo:-lblillJieHI!Oro npOH3BO,lCTBa IlJIO)l.OBbl'\\ ca- )!{eHUeB.- B KH.: TIJIOJJ.OBOe llHTO\\lHIIKOBOJ<CTBO .Vlo.l;I,aBIIIJ.- I\\HillHHes: 1\\aprH .\\1oJIJJ.aseHHCK3, I 977, c. 13-38 A 11 K y JJ. II HoB B. VI. XpaHeliHe 3IntHHX rrpHBHBOE - CaJJ.OBO,..lCTBO, I979, .\\'Q I I, c. 36. A cjJ a H a c be B 0. K VIHreJICHBHbte ca,J,bi Jia cJia6opocJIL>IX rrO,lllOHX.- TaillEcnr r. r., n.Y 36eKHCTaH, I 978, I 04 c. 6 a,':( p\" ill B \"JI II 6 e p a ill B \".1 H B. ,\\1yJib'IHPOB3lllle llOlJBbl !130JIO\\I - Ca;I.OBOJJ.CTBO. I978, .1'\\2 IO, c. 36-37. K6 a K y 11 B. Co;~,ep)KaHue yrJieBOJJ.OB s 3cJieHbtX qepeHKax H6.10H!I rrpn 3TH0.1llPO- saHHII rro6eros MarepnHcKnx pacrermii.- )..LOKJiaJJ.bi TCXA, I 976, Bblll. 22 I, c. 2I-25. 6 a p c y K o B H. VI. I\\opHeco6crseHHbiii caJJ..- CaJ<OBo):cmo, 1966, N2 2, c 18 11.6 e p e )K II o ii TI TiepesepHyTbi\\1 rJia3K0\\1 - Ca,lOBO,lc rso, I 964, N2 2, c. 28-29. 6 e p e)!{ H o ii 11. TI. HoBbie KJIOHOBbie TIO.J.BOII Ha )..LoHy.- Ca;~.oso.J.crso, I 974, .\\'Q 4, c. I5-I6. 13 e p e )l\\ H o II TI. C. TioJJ.BOII JJ..15l )..LoHeUKOii o6.1acra - Ca):(oso.i\\crso, I 976, ,\\'Q 2, c. 25-26. K6 e p KeTo B B. TipiiBHBKa 6oKOBaH 6e3 llli!lla B nuro:vtHHKe.- Ca,.loBO:lCTBO, 1965, ,N'g 4, c. 28. Epa K B. C . •\\1exami3aUH5l 3arorOBKH pacca,lbi 3e:-r.1HHHKII.- Ca,.loBOJI,CTBO, 1978, .JVg 3, c. I7-19. 6 p H K B. C., TI o .1 o c y x H H E. VI Bpe:v~enHoe xpaneHHe paccaJI,bl.- Ca;J:OBOJl.CTBO, I 979, N2 8, c. 22-23. iiE y JJ. a roB c K H B. VI. Ky.1brypa c.1a6opocJibiX TIJIO..lOBbiX ,.lepesbeB - .\\l : Ko.1oc, I976, 303 c. 6 y p M ll c r p o B A ;::{. Ky.1brypa 5l6.1oHn Ha c.1a6opoc.1biX n0.1.B05lX Ha cescpo-Ja- rraJJ.e HeqepHo3eMHOii 30Hbi - JI.: I977, 8I c. 6 bi .1 A a A. 3. Pa3~HJO)KeHne BHilliiH 3eJieHbiMII qepenKa\\lH - CaJJ.osoJJ.crso, 1965, N2 6, c. 22. E hi JI JJ. a A. 3. )..LopamusaHne 3eJieHbiX qepeJJKOB.- CaJI,OBOJJ.CTBO, I 967, ,\\<, 5, c. 27-28 r.B a c H JIb lj e H !( 0 B. Or6opHble cjlopMbl CHOHPCI<Oi'I 5lOJIOH!l B KaiJeCTBe TIO;I,BOCB- CaJJ.OBO,J,CTBO, I 960, N2 6, c. I 8-21. r.B a c II Jl b 'I e II !( 0 B. ,\\1op030YCTOi'IlJHBOCTb I<Oplleii ll.10,'1,0Bb!X ;I,epeBheB Ha AJI- rae - Ca;J:OBO,J,CTBO, 1963, N2 5, c. 44-45 Be H h 5! M H HoB A. H. TipHMeHetme OTAa.JieHHOii nr6pnJJ.JI3al\\HH B ceJieK!J)IH c.ll!Bhl Ha 311Mocroi'IEOCTh - B KH.: OrAaJieHHaH l'!l6pn;J:H3aUHH pacreHHii n )J(JlBOr- HbiX - ,\\l,. I\\OJIOC, 1970, C. 76-85. r JI a A b! Ill e B H TI. OcsemeHHOCTb KPOHh! KapmllWBbiX H CH.1bHOPOCJJb!X nepCBbeB H6JIOHH.- C6. MarepiiaJIOB MOJIO.II.hiX viJeHbiX - .\\lwrypHIICK: I973, c I09-113. r A.p fl 3 e B B. r A.p 5! 3 e B B. Tio npHHUHllY HeCOBMeCTHMOCTII - Ca,J,OBOACTBO, 197I, ,;-{g 9, c 22'. O:vtOJIO)KeHHe MaTOlJIIHKa 1\\JIOHOBbiX llO;I:BOeB.- Ca)l.OBO)l.CTBO, 1976, n M 5, c. I9. y m ll H c K a 5I A. T. TIOJJ.BOH ll.10.'10Bb!X 1\\)\"JibT)'p.- _\\lHIICK Ypon<aii, 1968, 118 c. r. rE p eM H H B., He 3 ,'!, H JI 0 B !0. A. l1crrOolh30BaiiiiC OTA3.1CIIHb!X fiiOPIIJI:OB 1<0- CTOlJKOBbiX llOpO;r: B I<alJCCTBe K.~OIIOBbiX llO,:(BOCB - .llOK.ij3,lbl COBeTCKIIX Y'IeHblX 25i)
K XIX Me2K.UyHapo.J.Hovry KOHrpeccy no ca.uoso.ucrsy (Bap!llasa, TIHP).- 2V\\ KoJioc, 1974, c 73-76. E p 11 II B. n OceH•HHii rroces ceMl!H BH!IliHH.- Ca.uoso.ucrso, 1979, N2 10, c 25-26 3 a K o r 11 H B. C Crpam<f>HKBJJ.Illl 6e3 cy6CTpara. - Ca.uoso.a,crso, 1979, N2 10, c 26 3 a x B a roB E B KopHeco6crseHHbie KocroqKOBbie - Ca;<oso.ucrso, 1964, N2 7, c 21. 3 ll e p b K o B a B. ct> flpoH3llO.UCTBO rroca.uoqf!oro MarepHaJia.- Canoso.ucrso, 1979, X2 !0, c 5-6 3 l' VI JI l! H o a B H 3HVIHllll rrpHBilBKa rrJIO.UOBbiX KYJibryp - M.: PocceJibX03H3.J.aT, 1968, 59 c 3 e \\1 Jl ll H c K ll ii JI r. K !lbl6opy MeCTa rro.u llllTOMHHK - Ca.uosO.UCTBO, 1965, N2 4, c. 26-27 11 11 .J. e H K o 11 ct> BJIHllHHc npoMe2KyroqHoii llCTaBKH napa.~I;H3KH Ha paCT ll rrJiono HOllleHHe l!6JIOHH - B Kll : fopHoe ca.uoso.ucrso 10ra CCCP. Hayq. rp. Hl111 ropHOro ca.uoao.ucrsa ll useroso.ucrsa, Bblll. XIX.- CoqH: 1970, c. 79-90. 11 n .u e H K o l1 ct>. HeKoropbie HTOI'Il H3yqen!lll sererarHBHO pa3MHO>KaeMbiX ITO.J.- soes ,'I,Jlll l!6JIOHH B yc.10ffill!X ropHoii 30Hbl 4epHOMopcKoro rro6epe)l<bll PC<l>CP - B KH l1wreHCilBHOe ca.~oBO.'J.CTllO B rOPHOii 30He 4epHoMopcKoro rro6epe)l(bl! PC<l>CP. Hayq, rp., Bblll. 25.- CoqH: 1978, c 7-21. r.1( Jl ll ~I 0 B B. Nl.alllllf!bl ,!!;Jill llllTOMHilKOB. - Ca,llOBO,lCTBO, 1980, Ng 2, c 9-12 K o .1 e c H H K o B A. 11. PaHHeJieTHllll oKyJIHPOBKa.- Ca.uoao.ucrso, 1962, N2 7. c 21-22 K o .1 r c H ll K o B A. 11. 3HMHllll rrpHBilBKa BHlllHil.- Ca.uoso.ucrao, 1979, N2 10, l' 23-24 1( o .1 \"c H H K o B a A. ct>. l1cnoJib30BaHne or.uaJieHHOii m6pH.UH3aJJ.HH a ceJieKJJ.HH BHlllHH - B Kll · HayKa- np0113llO.J.CTBY (CeJieKJJ.Hll, coprOH3yqenHc, arporexnil!- ha rr,10.J:OBbiX H llfO.llHbiX KYJihryp), r. X, q, I I . - OpeJI: flpHOKCKoe KH. H3.U-BO, 1980, c. 30-38 K o p o B 11 H B. A CoBMecTHVIOCTb rrpHBOll H TIO.!l:BOll l!6JIOHH.- M.: KoJioc, 1979, 127 c. K p l' ll K e H n. Teopllll JJ.IlKJIHqecKOfO crapeHHll H OMOJIO)!{eHHll pacreHHii ll ee npaK- JilqecKOe npH·vreneHHc - ,\\1 · CeJibX03rH3, 1940, 135 c K \\'.lac o a IO. JI., Cor H n K o B B. ct>. YcKopeHnoe pa3MH02KeHHe KJIOHOBbiX rro.u- . Boes.- Ca.:~:oao.ucrso, 1975, .J\\\"2 6, c. 25-26 r.J\\1 ~ \"a HuH B. 0 cpoKax oKyJiuposKu BHlllHH - Ca.uoso.ucrso, 1960, N2 6, c 21-23 2\\l. y x 11 H C A 0.J,HH svrecro .UByxcor.- Ca;wBo.ucrso, 1964, N2 9, c. 25-27. .\\\\~ \"\\IIH C A BoJiblllc H .1)'llllc -Ca.uoso.J,crso, 1965, N2 1, c 24 H o s 11 K o B A A H .a,p Pe3yJibT3Tbl ncCJie.uosaHHii no MexaHH3HposaHHoii rexHOJIO· nm Bbipa!llnBaHnll pacca.J,bl 3cMJiliHHKil - C6. Hayq pa6or BHI1l1 ca.uoao.ucrsa \"'' l1 B .'v\\Hqypnna, 1977, sbm. 24, c 109-119. fl o n .1 a a c K a ll T K HcKoropbic oco6eHnocm pocra H paasnrHH pacrennii l!6JIOHH, urII0,1yqeHilblX ll3 pa3JIHqHblX rroqeK Ha qepeHKe.- DIOJ!Jl. nayq, llH<f>. JI HM l1 B ,V\\HqypHna, 1974, Bb!IT 21, c 56-62. n () II 0 B B A y CKopeHIIOC pa3Mll0)KCHHC K.10HOBblX rro.usoes - CanosO,lCTBO, 1963, .\\2 1, c 21 n 0 II 0 B B A .\\lop030ycroiiqHBOCTb HHTPO.ll.) li.IIPOBBHHbiX KJIOHOBblX l!O,llllOeB - Ca.J.oso.ucrllo, 1964, N2 2, c 30 n 0 [] 0 ll B A flpOH3BO.UCTBeHH0-6H0.10fHqecKal! xapaKrepHCTHKa KJIOHOBblX liO,!l;BOeB H6JIOHH B ycJIOBHl!X .\\\\ocKOllCKOii o6Jiacm - B KH · Ca.Ubl Ha KapJIHKOllbiX rro.u- BOHX - ,\\o\\ I\\OJIOC, 1966, C 215-236. n 0 [] 0 B B. H 06 opraHH3aUHil IIO,'I,BOHHbiX ceMeHHblX ca,'I,OB.- Ca.n:osO.L(CT!lO, 1972, ,N'g 1, c 25-26 cn \\ l 0 B B . l' 26-27 flO.J,BOII C.11!Bbl B A.naiicKOM Kpae - Ca.LI.OBO,lCTBO, 1973, NQ 3, n \\' cT 0 B B I\\JIOIIO!lb!C llO.J,BOH CJIHBbl - Ca;<OB0.1lCTBO, 1979, Ng 12, c 22-23 c a B II II E 3 II np no.1113THJICII0Bble VIelllKli .L(Jlll crparmpKKall.liH I{ xpaHellllll lli\\IHKX npliBliBOK nJIO.J.OBbiX KYJihryp - Ca.ll,OllO.J:Crso, llKHorpa.a,apcrso H BHHO· .1C'.11ll' .\\\\oJI,laBIIII, 1977, ,'Vg 10, C 39-40 254
CeMHHa H. n. JlaTeHTHble Bllp)Cbl 5l6.10lll! [l UYP -C6 rra\\'l pa6or BHIIH ca,D,oso.:r:CTsa HM. J1 B. \"'vi.H'-!YPHIIa, 1977, Bblll 25, c 126-131 c eM l! H a H n HeCOBMeCTIIMOCTb llpllflHBO'-!llbiX KOM110HCHT0fl H .laTCIITIIble Blip\\ l'bl 516JJOHH - C6. Hay'-!. rp. BHJ1J1, ca.JOBo.:r:crsa rnr J1 B \"\\l.wJyprr11a, 1979, Bbllt 29, c. 88-92 c n,eM l1 H a H K 0 '-!eM a p 0 B a 11 n CpaCTaHIIC KOMI10HCHTOB rrpH OKYJJHP<lllEC c rrpowclKYTO'-!Hb!M lll:HTKOW - Ca;r:oso;r:cTBo, 1974, N2 II, c 32-34 C e p c r 11 11 H <P Ocelf!H5151 rrpllBllBKa - Ca.l.OflO.lCTBO, 1963, N2 9, c. 28 Co ,1 o B b c sa M A. Oco6cHHOCTH xparreHII5l CC\\!HII ITJJO.J:OBbiX paCTeH!lii -- Ca.<O· BO,ll,CTBO, 1980, N2 2, (' 12 II 21--22 C T c 11 a 11 o B C H K oueHKC 11PO\\!l'lK\\'TO'-!IIbiX 110i!:BOcB-CKCJJCroo6pa30Bare,leii ),JJ51 H6JJOIIII - C6 Hayq, pa6or HI111C H\\! 11 B Nl.ll'-!YPllHa, 1964, N2 10, c 40-46. C T e 11 a HoB C H BbrpaW.!lBaHHe ITJJO;I:OBbiX ca;.KeHues co wKO.lKOii 3ll\\IHHX rrpH- BHBOK.- C6 Hayq_ pa6or HJ111C HM J1. B .\\l.ll'-!YPHHa, Bbll1. N2 13, 1969, c 69- 72 C Tell a H 0 B C H. 06 HCI10,1b30BaHllll Cll6HpCKOH 5l6JJOHH [Malus baccata (Z) Borkh] B ccJJeKUHll cJJa6opoc,lbiX rro~r:soes - - ,lloK.1a!l:bl COBCTCKHX y4eHbiX K XIX c c.we>ruyHaponHowy KOHrpeccy 110 ca:r:oso.:r:crB\\' - M . 1\\oJJoc, 1974, c 258--261 T c ll a H 0 B H. nepc11CKfllBbl 3HMHeii npHBllBKH -- Ca.J,OBO.J:CTBO, 1979, ,1\\Jo 10, c 22-23. C T e 11 a rr o B C. H HeKDTOpbre oco6ciiHOCTH ;r:cpeBbCB 5IOJIDHI! co scrasKa \\Ill - C6 Hayq rp BHJ111C llM. 11 B ,\\\\.wryp!!Ha, 1979, Bbll1. 28, c 3-7 r.C bl·P 6 y 11. BJIH51HHC opoKOB OKYJIHPOBKH rra cpacraHI!e 11PllB051 c ITO.'i.BOC\\1 - Ca;r:osoncrso, BHHorpa,'l;apcrso I! BHHO.J:eJirrc .\\l.oJI!(aBHII, 1975, N2 8, c 35--38 Tap a c c H K o J\\1. n K sorrpocv o 11o.:r:6opc 11pHsocs npH scrc1 aliiBII0\\1 pa3\\11H''\"L'- HHH H6JJOH!L- B KH : Canoso.:r.crso, sbm 4 Pa3\\IIIO)KeHHc rr arporcxrrrrr;a rtlo· ;r:OBbiX H Hro;I:HbiX KYJibTYP - 1\\HCB Ypo;r;aii, 1965, c 52-64 Tap ace 11 K o ,v\\. T Pa3\\!HOiKCHHc paCTeHHii 3c.1CHbi\\1II '-!cpcHI\\a\\1!1 - .\\1. 1\\<J.lOC, 1967, 352 c. Tap JI an a H .\\\\.. 11 ilpllMcHeHHe CH\\!a3HIIa 11a ncpsow rroJJe IIIIT0\\111111\\a ~- CJ.LO- BO!l.CTBO, BHHO!'pa;r:apCTBO ll BHIIO.lCm1C \\\\0,1.J:3BHll, 1969, ,\\1'2 5, C 39-41 T H \\! o IJI ll 11 C 11 B XOJJO,ll,Hbix pacca;r:HHKax - Ca.D:osoncrso, 1969, .:\\2 I. c 20 y rT p c e B l1 '] y rT p c c B II'] B ITO!IBOH llJIO.'I,OBb!X rropO.l - .\\\\ 1\\oJIOC, 1964, 495 c B ilOBbiWCHIIe rrpo.:r:yrnHBIIOCIH IIJIO,J.OBb!X llaca,K.J:CHllil 11\\ IC\\1 rro~r:6opa 11o;r:soes - ,lloKJiaAbi coscTCKHX )''ICHbiX \" XIX \\1C/K;L\\'Ilapo;r:H0\\1) EO!!· nrpeccy 110 ca.'J.OBO.J:CTBY - ,\\1. 1\\0JJOC, 1974, C 273-278 r,T p y ill e q K ll H B e \\1 e H K 0 B YI Bbrpaw.Hsa I\" pacca;r:y 3C\\!.15!1lllhll f!0-1!0- BOM:) - Canosoncr8o, 1978, .!'12 I, c 20-21. r,Tpywe4KHH B iloJIHI\\apiiOBa <P. 51, CoKOJIOBa C:-) B ilpornno;(- CTBO pacca!(bi 3e\\IJIHHHhll - Ca,:r,oso;r:cTBo, 1979, N2 9, c 34-35 Typo B c K a H H J1 1\\JIOHOBbie 110;I:BOII HoJIOIIH 113 3C,lCHbiX no6cros - Ca.lOilO.l- CTBO, 1972, N2 8, c 26-27. T y p o s c K a 51 H 11 Pa3MHOX<eHirc rrJIO.J:08biX pacrcrll1r1 r\\OpiiCBbi\\1H qepeiiKa \\11! Canosoll,crso, 1979, J\\\"2 12, c 17-18 Typos c K a 51 H 11 3eJiclloc 'Iepe!!KOBal!Hc 11JJO,lOBbiX rr HrO.J:IIbl'< 1\\).lbl\\ p Canoso.Jcrso, 1980, X2 3, c. 15 <P JI 0 p 0 B Ii n Pa3MHDiKCIIHC llJIO,J.OBbiX pacrcrmi\\ KOp!!CBbiMII 'ICPCH!(a~1H __ ,\\I.J!!ICK' Ypox;ai'r, 1977, 96 c. X p 11 c To A A, )K c B n a K o 8 B B Hosoc ll pa3\\!!!0iKCHHH 'ICPHOH cwopo,:r:HIIbl - u rCanoso~r:crso, 1978, N2 I, c. 17-18. a 6 0 JI 0 8 P. Pa3MHOiKC!IHe KapJJHI\\OBblX !I 110m Kap.lllKOBbiX 110.:\\BOCB 510.'1()11!1 8 ycJIOBHHx ,UarecraHa - B KH Ca,:r:br I! a KapJirrKOBbiX no;r:lloHx - .\\\\ · Ko.1oc, 1966, c 150-164 4 e pH e H K o E. C. Pa3MHox;eHllc m6pH.J:OB KOpHeBbl\\111 qepeHKaM!I - CaJ.OB0.1cr- so, 1979, N2 I0, c. 27-28. r.Ill ll T T n. PaU!lOHaJJI>HblC CI10C06bi llO.lY'Il'IIH5l llCXO!(Hb!X )'CTOH'!HBbiX ll0.1BOl'B JI:JIH opraHH3aUHH Ha !IX ocHose paiioHIIbiX ccMeHHbiX ca,D,os - B KH.: nHOJiorrPie- cKHe ocHOBbi arporexrrHKll rrJio.':losoncrsa - M : Ce,1bX03rH3, 1952, c. 330-336. 51 p o c JI a 8 u e B E. J1. Y JIY4WllTb pa6ory 11HTOMHHr<a MaJIHHbl - Ca;r:oBO!l.C mo. 1974, N2 10, c. 37-39.
cooep;m:al-tue npe;UIC.10BHe ll 0praH!I33UH!I IIHTOMHHK3 Eno.1ori!'IecKHe oco6eHHOCTH nJJo,n:oshiX pacreanii npn ceMeHHOM n sereTaTHB· 2· 7' H0\\1 pa3MHOJKeHHH 81 IO' no,'lBOI! II.'IO.l(OBbiX KYJJhTYP MaTO'IHhie HacaJK.l(eHH!I n.~O.l\\OBhiX KYJJhTYP 13 BereraTIIBHOe pa3MHOJKeHHe KOpHeco6CTBeHHbiX COpTOB H IIO,!lBOeB 14: Bbipamuaanue no.n:soes H3 ceVI!IH 161 3ai\\.la;u;a OLJepe.l(HOrO IIOJI!I 11.10.:\\0BOfO IIHTOMHHK3 0Ky.lllpOBK3 18 3H~IH!I51 rrpHBIIBKa 19: BbipaiUIIBaniie o.n:HoJJeTOK 201 BbipaiUnBaHHe .n:syxJJeTOK H rpex.1eTOK 21: BhiKOIIKa I! peaJJH3aUH!I IIJJO.l\\OBhiX ca&em.(eB 22' BbipaiU:IBaniie pacca,'lbi 3C\\I.1HHHKI! . BbipaiUIIBaHHe caJKeaues CMOPO.!lHHhl H Kphi)I\\OBHHKa 24, BbipaiUIIBaHHe caJKeauea !'<Ia.1I!Hhi BbipamusaHIIC ca,KeHues o6,1erruxn 24t JlHreparypa 25~ Cepreii HnKonaeBnq CTenanoB llJlO.[l,OBbiFI llHTOMHHK 3aB pe;J.aKl(nei\"! .VI M. Anronoaa Pe;J,aKTOp H. !1 l(ypsuna ,,\\., pe;(aKTOP J/. M. Hec/JeiJoaa Xy;J,O>KH!IK A H. OCMUitU/t Xp,o>KeCTBeHHLiil pe.IJ.aKTOp H. <P. LllAesw;up Tcxmi'JeCKnii pe.IJ,aKTop fl. B. HoBUKOBa KoppeKTop C. B. Buummcoaa C)lauo B Haoop 16 04 81. no;(llliCUHO K ne4UTH 21 07 81. <!>opMaT 60X901/,, B) M. T!!H. N• 2 rapnnn I'\" .1nTcpaTypH3H 0C40Tb BbiCOKdH Yc.1 ne4 Jl 16 ~·c.1 Kp 01 r 16 -:\\\"'! ·lll-'1 Jl 18,21 H.lJl N• 138 Tnpa)K 11 000 3K3 3aKa3 Jlo;, 1579. ~cna 1 pyo. Op)leHa Tpy}l,osoro Kpacnoro 3naMenu H3}l,aTeJJhCTBO «Konoc». 107807, rcn. lvloCKBa, B-53, yn. Ca)lOBal!·CnaccKall, 18. MOCKOBCK3H THnorpa<jlnH N• 11 COI03HOJ1Hroa¢npo'Vla llpH rocy}l.apcTBeHH0\\1 KO\\II!TeTe CCCP .no ..tt.e1<1\\t tr3.l3TelibCTB, no.111rpaQ:nm H KHHXOiml Toproa.'IH MocKsa, 113105. Haral!IHl'h<lH ).'I. Jt. 1
Search
Read the Text Version
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155
- 156
- 157
- 158
- 159
- 160
- 161
- 162
- 163
- 164
- 165
- 166
- 167
- 168
- 169
- 170
- 171
- 172
- 173
- 174
- 175
- 176
- 177
- 178
- 179
- 180
- 181
- 182
- 183
- 184
- 185
- 186
- 187
- 188
- 189
- 190
- 191
- 192
- 193
- 194
- 195
- 196
- 197
- 198
- 199
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 209
- 210
- 211
- 212
- 213
- 214
- 215
- 216
- 217
- 218
- 219
- 220
- 221
- 222
- 223
- 224
- 225
- 226
- 227
- 228
- 229
- 230
- 231
- 232
- 233
- 234
- 235
- 236
- 237
- 238
- 239
- 240
- 241
- 242
- 243
- 244
- 245
- 246
- 247
- 248
- 249
- 250
- 251
