EE newsletter - Electro Spark

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ABOUT The Electrical Engineering DEPARTMENT Department supports the mission of the College (Since 2013) through high quality teaching, research and services that The Electrical Engineering department provide students a supportive was inculcated in the year 2013 with the environment. The approved intake of 60 students. Electrical department will make the engineering department of SAL Institute of best effort to promote Technology and Engineering Research intellectual, ethical and understands the future trend of electrical technological environment to engineering and hence has been the students. The department committed to its goals and missions. The invokes the desire and ability Electrical department focuses on overall of life-long learning in the development of students and students for pursuing continuously put them through various successful career in shop floor trainings and industrial engineering. exposure. The department believes in practical and applicable knowledge rather than cramming up the engineering principles. Through core research and education, the students will be prepared as the best professional Engineers in the field of Electrical Engineering to face the challenges in such disciplines.

MESSAGE I am pleased to congratulate Department of Electrical Engineering for issuing first issue of Departmental Newsletter “ELECTRO - SPARK”. I am confident that this issue of Department News letter will send a constructive signal to the staff, students and the person who are interested in the Technical education and Technology based activities. The outside world will come to know about the achievements and extraordinary performances of the students and faculties through this newsletter. My best wishes will always be with this type of good efforts of the Electrical Engineering Department. Dr. Rupesh Vasani Director I am extremely pleased to share the first news letter of the department. Electrical energy has been the prime necessity since after its invention. The branch majorly deals with the applications of electricity like generation, transmission, distribution of electricity, energy consumption by various electrical loads, designing & manufacturing various electrical equipments. Being a core branch of Engineering, Electrical engineering is now divided into a wide range of fields, including systems engineering, power engineering, telecommunications, radio- frequency engineering, signal processing, instrumentation, electronics, and optics and photonics. Many of these disciplines overlap with other engineering branches, spanning a huge number of specializations including hardware engineering, power electronics, electromagnetics and waves, microwave engineering, nanotechnology, electrochemistry, renewable energies, mechatronics, and electrical materials science. And hence the vision of the Electrical Engineering department is to build a research identity in all related areas of Electrical Engineering uniquely. Prof. Megha Panicker, HOD-EED

TECHNICAL ARTICLE SOLAR-Net Metering For mitigating global warming, it is absolutely essential to immediately reduce the carbon footprint. Installation of rooftop solar power plants can to a great extent help the process. However, to speedily promote the adoption of rooftop solar installations, some immediate changes in policy are necessary… Prof. Supriya Sinha Climate is not changing, it has changed. Today, the Net metering is an electricity policy which world faces an Energy Paradox, as more energy is allows utility customers to offset some or all required to ensure fast-paced economic growth, of their electricity use with self- produced and at the same time use of energy is causing electricity from PV systems. Net metering catastrophic climate change. Nearly, 80 to 85% of works by utilizing a meter that is able to our energy needs are being fulfilled through fossil spin and record energy flow in both fuels. They stand as the major cause for global directions. The meter spins forward when a warming. World is already warmer by more than customer is drawing power from the utility 10C. As per the Intergovernmental Panel on grid (i.e., using more energy than they are Climate Change we need to ideally limit global producing) and spins backward when warming to 1.5 Degree Celsius, if not 2 Degree energy is being sent back to the grid (i.e., Celsius. And, as per the remaining carbon budget, using less energy than they are producing) there is only 6 to 7 years left before we touch the . At the end of a given month, the customer global warming of 1.5 Degree Celsius. This is a is billed only for the net electricity used. Net target that looks unachievable now – and therefore metering works only for grid connected many countries are setting their Net-Zero emission systems and what makes it so beneficial, year to achieve the “well below 2 degrees Celsius” besides offsetting a home's energy target. consumption with a PV system, is that excess energy sent to the utility can be sold The remaining time is so short and the target is so back at retail price. If more energy is hard. If India has to set its target for net-zero by produced than consumed, producers 2050, a completely fresh approach towards receive benefit for this positive balance, adoption of renewable energy has to be adopted. such as, renewable energy credits (REC), According to Global EV outlook India has set the which is credited on the customer's target of power generation by renewable energy account toward the next billing cycle. sources of 175 GW by 2022 to 450 GW by 2030. However, that will need a lot of innovations in policy as to satisfy all the stakeholders like consumers, DISCOMs, Energy Regulators and other government and private sectors.

Net-Metering scheme can be taken as a major tool to motivate people towards solar installations. Mostly, distribution companies (DISCOMs) are opposed to net metering across states since it's affecting it financially by depriving them of the opportunity to earn more revenue from premium consumers due to lower sales and ending up paying stranded power purchase costs. The Ministry of Power (MoP) has issued no Net-Metering for Rooftop Solar Systems over 10 kW. In many states gross metering schemes are there for above 10kW Rooftop Solar Systems. States like Rajasthan are not allowing Net-Metering for Commercial and Industrial (C&I) Projects. This rule is making Solar rooftop unviable for C&I consumers and many of the consumers will go for gross metering. In order to implement Net metering scheme that is beneficial on both the factors many researchers propose that the net metering connection should provide only on condition of being Net Positive Use (NPU) on a monthly basis. This implies the user has to install enough solar PV capacity on the roof to generate more than he consumes in a month and has to get NO bill to pay at the end of the month. Users will be happy that there is no monthly electricity bill, and in efforts to be net positive users, they will end up generating more units than they consume. These extra units will be free electricity for DISCOMS. If a consumer needs electricity from the grid apart from its own generation, then DISCOMs can charge a penalty for being net negative, and charge at rate higher than normal electricity rate like Rs. 15 to 20 per unit which will help them financially. Thus in view of green and dream scenario, Energy Swaraj Foundation believes people should start surrendering their electricity connection and become “Aatmanirbhar-bharat” on solar energy.

TECHNICAL ARTICLE Nanogenerators: Using the Power Within Us A Nanogenerator is a type of technology that converts mechanical / thermal energy as produced by small-scale physical change into electricity. A Nanogenerator has three typical approaches: piezoelectric, triboelectric and pyroelectric nanogenerators. Both the piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators can convert mechanical energy into electricity. However, pyroelectric nanogenerators can be used to harvest thermal energy from a time-dependent temrature fluctuation. Prof. Snehal Malvi Researchers have demonstrated a prototype The nanogenerators take advantage of the nanometer-scale generator that produces unique coupled piezoelectric and semiconducting continuous direct-current electricity by harvesting properties of zinc oxide nanostructures, which mechanical energy from such environmental produce small electrical charges when they are sources as ultrasonic waves, mechanical flexed. vibration or blood flow. Fabrication begins with growing an array of Based on arrays of vertically-aligned zinc oxide vertically-aligned nanowires approximately a nanowires that move inside a novel 'zig-zag' plate half-micron apart on gallium arsenide, sapphire or electrode, the nanogenerators could provide a a flexible polymer substrate. A layer of zinc oxide new way to power nanoscale devices without is grown on top of substrate to collect the current. batteries or other external power sources. The researchers also fabricate silicon 'zig-zag' \"This is a major step toward a portable, adaptable electrodes, which contain thousands of and cost-effective technology for powering nanometer-scale tips made conductive by a nanoscale devices,\" said Zhong Lin Wang, platinum coating. Regents' Professor in the School of Materials The electrode is then lowered on top of the Science and Engineering at the Georgia Institute nanowire array, leaving just enough space so that of Technology. \"There has been a lot of interest in a significant number of the nanowires are free to making nanodevices, but we have tended not to flex within the gaps created by the tips. Moved by think about how to power them. Our mechanical energy such as waves or vibration, nanogenerator allows us to harvest or recycle the nanowires periodically contact the tips, energy from many sources to power these transferring their electrical charges. By capturing devices.\" the tiny amounts of current produced by hundreds Details of the nanogenerator are reported in the of nanowires kept in motion, the generators April 6 issue of the journal Science. The research produce a direct current output in the nano- was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Ampere range. Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Emory- Georgia Tech Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence.

Wang and his group members Xudong Wang, Before that happens, additional development will Jinhui Song and Jin Liu expect that with be needed to optimize current production. For optimization, their nanogenerator could produce instance, though nanowires in the arrays can be as much as 4 watts per cubic centimeter - based grown to approximately the same length - about on a calculation for a single nanowire. That would one micron - there is some variation. Wires that be enough to power a broad range of nanometer- are too short cannot touch the electrode to scale defense, environmental and biomedical produce current, while wires that are too long applications, including biosensors implanted in cannot flex to produce electrical charge. the body, environmental monitors - and even \"We need to be able to better control the growth, nanoscale robots. density and uniformity of the wires,\" Wang said. In April 14, 2006 issue of the journal Science, \"We believe we can make as many as millions or Wang's research team announced the concept even billions of nanowires produce current behind the nanogenerators. At that time, the simultaneously. That will allow us to optimize nanogenerator could harvest power from just one operation of the nanogenerator.\" nanowire at a time by dragging the tip of an atomic In their lab, the researchers aimed an ultrasound force microscope (AFM) over it. Made of platinum- source at their nanogenerator to measure coated silicon, the tip served as a Schottky barrier, current output over slightly more than an hour. helping accumulate and preserve the electrical Though there is some fluctuation in output, the charge as the nanowire flexed - and ensuring that current flow was continuous as long as the the current flowed in one direction. ultrasonic generator was operating, Wang said. With its multiple conducting tips similar to those of To rule out other sources of the current an AFM, the new zig-zag electrode serves as a measured, the researchers substituted carbon Schottky barrier to hundreds or thousands of nanotubes - which are not piezoelectric - for the wires simultaneously, harvesting energy from the zinc oxide nanowires, and used a top electrode nanowire arrays. that was flat. In both cases, the resulting devices did not produce current. ‘\"Producing the top electrode as a Providing power for nanometer-scale devices single assembly sets the stage has long been a challenge. Batteries and other for scaling up this technology, traditional sources are too large, and tend to “ Wang said. \"We can now see the negate the size advantages of nanodevices. And steps involved in moving forward since batteries contain toxic materials such as to a device that can power real lithium and cadmium, they cannot be implanted nanometer-scale applications.\" into the body as part of biomedical applications. Because zinc oxide is non-toxic and compatible with the body, the new nanogenerators could be integrated into implantable biomedical devices to wirelessly measure blood flow and blood pressure within the body. And they could also find more ordinary applications. \"If you had a device like this in your shoes when you walked, you would be able to generate your own small current to power small electronics,\" Wang noted. \"Anything that makes the nanowires move within the generator can be used for generating power.

T AECHNICAL RTICLE (from Students) Electric Cars Lal Bahadur Sunar Shivam Pagi (Enrollment number 180670109019) (Enrollment number 180670109006) For thousands of years, ingenious minds have Electric cars can be charged directly from grid grappled with the world's conundrums, desperate electricity. An electric car consists of less movable for the solutions capable of making a tangible components as compared to ICE cars. The difference to the way we live and work. The means advantage of electric cars is regenerative braking- of transportation has completely changed our energy recovery mechanism. Electric cars are lifestyles. Starting from internal combustion eco-friendly, reliable and they can reduce carbon engine (ICE), the latest electric cars have huge emissions to support sustainable development. advantages over ICE cars. An electric car is a car We can say that, electric cars will be the only way which is propelled by one or more electric motors, of future transportation. using energy stored in rechargeable batteries. The first practical electric cars were produced in Fact: the 1880s. Battery, plug-in, Hybrid and Fuel cell Tesla Model S achieves, 0 to 100km/h in 2.5 are the types of electric cars. Depending on the seconds, recharging in 30 minutes to 80 various purpose, single or multiple motors viz., percent,range600km. induction motors, traction motors, synchronous reluctance motors can be used. In order to run The Tesla Model S was the 1st motor(s), the DC power drawn from the lithium ion Premium electric sedan in the battery pack is fed to inverter. The small power world. electronics devices like transistor, thyristor etc. Tesla Model X is currently the plays vital role for the operation of different safest car in the world right components. now. Tesla Model S plaid can achieve 0-60mph in 1.99s.

s ATUDENT CHIEVEMENT LAL BAHADUR SUNAR of 5th semester secured 7th rank in Electrical Engineering in GTU Winter 2020 examination. NAVJYOT KAUR of 7th semester successfully participated in NCC Quiz conducted online on 16-5-2020.

NAVJYOT KAUR of 7th semester successfully secured 'A' grade in the certificate C examination conducted by National Cadet Corps (NCC) on 07-10-2020. NILKANTH VYAS KUNDAN PATIL SAGAR JAYSWAL AYUSHI PATEL NEHI PATEL of 8th and 4th semester have sucessfully participated in Smart Gujarat for New India Hackathon 2019-20 on 27-28 February, 2020 at Institute of Infrastructure, Technology , Research and Management- Ahmedabad PALLAVI GUSAI MEGH MEXWELL VATSAL DAVE BHAVIK PRAJAPATI secured first position in the IDP – expo as a part of GTU zonal Tech-fest organized in SAL Education Campus on 27-28 February, 2020. NEHI PATEL NILKANTH & V YA S AYUSHI PATEL of 8th semester secured 9.86 SPI in in GTU of 7th semester secured Summer 2020 9.45 SPI in GTU Winter examination 2020 examination.

D AEPARTMENTAL CTIVITIES Workshop I Seminar I Webinar I Curriculum Activities Organized one day GEDA sponsored Energy Conservation workshop in association with SEA Energy Consultants on 17-03-2021. Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) in association with SEA Energy and Department of Electrical Engineering, SALITER has jointly organized one day workshop on “Energy Conservation Awareness” Total 82 participants participated in this Workshop which includes faculties, B.E. students and Electrical teaching and non-Teaching staff. The workshop highlighted that the primary objective of energy management is to produce goods and offer services with the minimum cost and minimum environmental hazards which can be accomplished by employing energy audit in the associated institution or utility and to help consumers to (i) map energy usage in their households, (ii) conserve energy, (iii) improve energy efficiency and thereby (iv) maximize their household energy and cost savings.

Organized one day competition on Business Plan / Prototype Competition so as to invite innovative business plan from students and award them. This activity was arranged as a part of Institutions Innovation Council's calendar activity of quarter 3 module 5. Various Technology projects are taken by students that offer solutions orprocesses that solve a technical problem. However the market implementation of such solutions also require that the problem solution is designed to overcome not just the technical barriers but also market and business related barriers of costs, customer reach and collaborations and those that pertain to the practical nature of limited initial capacities within the team. This activity enabled students to have a clear understanding on the steps required to ensure that whatever solution they develop as their project should have a user who can afford it with desired needs. This exercise also helped students to understand the true value of the proposed solution. Department of Electrical Engineering of SAL Institute of technology & Engineering Research have organized a workshop on “Business Plan/Prototype Competition to Invite Business Models from Students” for the Final Year Students. This workshop was organized so that students can understand the market situation and prepare their Business Plan. The best three Business Plan were felicitated with certificates.

ELECTRICALOrganized one day webinar on “Microcontroller” in association with Alpha Tech ENGINEERINGAutomation – Vadodara HIDDEN WORLD , YOU CAN’T SEE, BUT FEEL...Prolific is the only company worldwide which has more than 300 sets of PLCs, 30 Sets DCS and more than 75 Instrumentation labs.A one day webinar was organized by the department to make students understand the microcontroller trends in the latest industrial applications. Organized one day webinar on “Ideation Method” The webinar was organized to enable the participants to develop a creative and large number of ideas that will inspire new solutions. Most importantly to make participants aware that ideation method is often the most exciting stage in a Design Thinking project, because during Ideation, the aim is to generate a large quantity of ideas as the challenge is to procure the quantity of ideas rather than quality of ideas and at the later stage of ideation method the team can filter and cut down into the best, most practical or most innovative ones in order to inspire new and better design solutions and products. “It is a simple feat of scientic electrical engineering - only expensive - blind, faint- hearted, doubting world.” :Nikola Tesla

Continuous Learning is the Key to Success Continuous learning is the key to success because the only way to get what you want out of life is by stretching yourself with knowledge and experience. Like the cliche says, “The more you know, the more you grow.” In today's ever-changing economy one must stay relevant. Unfortunately, the average person stops learning by the time they're 25 years old. They cite being too busy and caught up with life to attempt to learn something new. This eventually catches up quickly to those unwilling to learn and many of them find themselves in stalled or stagnate careers or jobs they can't stand. The problem with most people today is that they don't know what they don't know. They're in a state of what I like to call unconscious incompetence. They're not even aware that they lack the knowledge they need to succeed. But successful people get it. They understand that continuous learning is the key to success. In fact, most successful people will pay top dollars to educate themselves in areas they're lacking in. They will join organizations, associations and mastermind groups to help keep their skills fresh or learn something new. Many will hire coaches to hold them accountable and keep them on track. And that is the primary difference between those who succeed and those who do not. Successful people are conscious. They're very aware of their shortcomings. And they do not hesitate to invest in themselves. They will attend seminars and conferences that are aligned with their overall mission. These people are consciously incompetent. (They know what they didn't know). But more importantly when they discover what it is that they're lacking, they do whatever it takes fill those gaps. Achieving success is not easy. As a matter of fact, it's hard and it requires learning new things. Prof. Snehal Malvi Interesting ‘Facts Electricity was discovered around 1600 AD by an English scientist known as William Gilbert. He was also the one who coined the word electricity. About Electricity travels at the speed of light, about 300,000 kilometres per second. Electricity A spark of static electricity can measure up to 3,000 volts. A bolt of lightning can measure up to three million (3,000,000) volts. one bolt of lightning has enough power to light up around 100 lamps for a whole day. When lightning strikes, it flows from the cloud to the ground, but the part we see is actually the charge going from the ground back up into the cloud. Electricity causes muscle cells in our heart to contract, essentially making it beat. Electrocardiogram (ECG) machines measure the electricity going through the heart. Electricity is present in our bodies – our nerve cells use it to pass signals to our muscles. Thomas Edison built the first power plant, and in 1882 his Pearl Street Power Station sent electricity to 85 buildings. People were initially afraid of electricity and parents would not let their children near the lights.

DEPARTMENT Department Prof. Megha Panicker Prof. Supriya Sinha Prof. Ankit Patel Prof. Tarang Jayswal Prof. Snehal Malvi Mr. Bhargav Panchal Mr. Nisarg Kayasth

Electrical Word Search Find these words related to Electricity and magnetism and have fun.