American Upgrade 4B Students book sample booklet

gradeUpAMERICAN 4B STUDENT’S BOOK with WORKBOOK

COCNOTNETNETNSTS UNIT Reading Vocabulary Grammar missing sentences • w ords related to weather and • gerunds and infinitives 1 • making sure missing sentences fit the country • wishes, preferences logically • w ord formation, collocations and The World Around Us expressions, prepositions pages 4-13 2 multiple choice • words related to transportation • conditionals • being careful with options that • c ollocations and expressions, • relative clauses Travel and use the same words as the text phrasal verbs, prepositions Transportation pages 24-25 • w ords related to computers and • r eported speech: statements, pages 14-23 multiple matching technology questions Progress Review 1 • w hen questions are not in the • p repositions, phrasal verbs, word • r eported speech: commands order of the text formation and requests, reporting verbs 3 Technological World pages 26-35 4 multiple choice • words related to entertainment • t he passive: tenses, modals, • b eing careful with options that • p repositions, collocations and by and with Entertain me! contain extreme words expressions, word formation • causative form pages 36-45 Progress Review 2 pages 46-47 • w ords related to sports and parts • q uestion tags, indirect missing sentences of the body questions 5 • u sing verb tenses to help you • w ord formation, phrasal verbs, • sentence linking make your choice collocations and expressions The World of Sports pages 48-57 Progress Review 3 pages 58-59 Workbook Unit 1 page 62 Workbook Unit 2 page 68 Workbook Progress Review 1 pages 74-75 Workbook Unit 3 page 76 Workbook Unit 4 page 82 Workbook Progress Review 2 pages 88-89 Workbook Unit 5 page 90 Workbook Progress Review 3 pages 96-97 Grammar Reference page 98 Irregular Verbs page 106 Writing Bank page 108 Speaking Bank page 112 Speaking Information page 113 2

Listening Speaking Writing multiple choice comparing photos story • n ot letting the options given • t alking about vacations, the seasons, and • making the most of a sentence given confuse you the weather • creating atmosphere • speculating • describing feelings to bring a story to life note taking decision making formal letter • u sing the exact words you hear to • t alking about travel and what is popular • using formal language complete the notes with tourists • suggesting and explaining solutions to a problem • paraphrasing multiple choice (pictures) comparing photos essay • listening to the whole conversation • t alking about technology and how it • writing about your opinions and waiting for the question before affects people • using examples and comparisons to support choosing an answer • structuring what you say your opinion multiple matching • t alking about advantages and report • b eing careful if you hear a word disadvantages • laying out the facts and using headings from one of the sentences on the deciding on the best solution • supporting your recommendations using recording • t alking about different kinds of the passive entertainment • contrasting different ideas multiple choice decision making formal letter • e liminating obviously wrong • talking about sporting activities • giving your reason for writing options • coming to a conclusion • asking for and giving information 3

THE WORLD AROUND US  · W hat’s the weather like today? Is it typical for the time of year? · Have you ever experienced extreme weather? Tell the class about it. · W hich places in the world regularly experience extreme weather? Reading EWxetartehmere 1 Look at these comments and decide what kind of dwaiseblaiiDkttheowtesoeyrft?oae, uvetIhfollieyoindnovguevyt’ioocrseoouitmithwnhpogeoltuat,khlitidnnoeidsopnergocopofabllpbadaecoboreulsyrsto.gptnhereetwtfihenrog weather they relate to. Write WET, WINDY, COLD, or HOT. If walking in the rain is not your idea of fun, then keep away from India during the summer monsoon. 1 “Is it still raining?” This is the seasonal wind that blows in from 2 “Hold on to your hat!” the Indian Ocean. Between June and August, it 3 “You look like a drowned rat!” hardly stops raining. A town called Cherrapunji in 4 “Bundle up. It’s freezing outside!” northeastern India gets about 36 ft of rain a year. 5 “The heat wave continues, and 1 For the rest of the year, inhabitants often have to walk long distances to find water. There are other temperatures will reach places in the world that are wetter, but the rain 105°F today.” doesn’t all fall in such a short period of time. 6 “Several trees blew down in the recent storm.” 7 “Turn on the fan and you’ll feel more comfortable.” 2 Read the article about extreme weather and find out what these figures refer to. 1 36 ft 4 -128°F 2 0.08 in 5 253 mph 3 136.4°F 4

Upgrade When you answer missing-sentence questions, do not just look for the sentences that are connected by topic. Make sure that the sentence also fits logically with the sentences before and after the gap. For instance, gap 5 is followed by a sentence that begins with For example and information about Chicago. Which of the missing sentences is Chicago an example of? Does the missing sentence also fit with the sentence before gap 5? Imagine not having any rain for over 15 years! This 3 F ive sentences have been removed from the text. happened in the town of Arica, which is close to the Choose the best sentences (A–F) to complete the Atacama Desert in South America. 2 Visitors to this reading. There is one extra sentence. strange landscape say it feels like being on Mars. They are not surprised to learn that NASA chose to test their A It is famous for being the driest place on the planet. Mars Rover vehicles here. As for the driest continent, it B Most of it falls during this period. is not what you would expect it to be. Taking first place C After checking for five years, the hottest place is now is Antarctica with only 0.08 in of annual rainfall. known to be Iran’s Lut Desert. Scientists have been trying to decide on the hottest D There are some places, however, where people place on Earth for years. In 1922, they recorded a temperature of 136.4°F at El Azizia in Libya. Death expect the forecast to be generally windy. Valley, California, has managed to reach 134°F. When E These are always the windiest places on Earth. scientists began using satellites, they realized that F Luckily, winds rarely reach record-breaking they appeared to have been wrong. 3 The ground temperature there once hit 159.3°F! speeds. Although Canadians would like to think that they hold 4 Complete the sentences with these words. the record for the coldest place, cities like Edmonton and Calgary, where the temperature dropped to around climate continent distance -42°F on November 23, 2010, are actually quite warm landscape storm temperature compared with Antarctica. At the Vostok research station, near the South Magnetic Pole, scientists recorded winter temperatures as low as -128°F! 1 Antarctica is the driest on Earth. It’s hard to believe that the climate isn’t changing as severe storms and hurricanes keep appearing in the 2 Ice forms on the roads as the news. 4 The record for the highest wind speed ever drops below freezing. recorded used to be held by Mount Washington in New Hampshire, 231 miles per hour at its peak in April 1934. 3 The Mediterranean is usually Then a hurricane in Barrow Island, Australia, broke warm and dry in the summer. this record almost exactly 62 years later with a speed of 253 miles per hour on April 10th, 1996. Fortunately, 4 Visitors to this region admire its beautiful sudden extremely high winds like this are still a fairly . unusual event. 5 For example, Chicago, in the United States, is known as “The Windy City”, and there 5 The government warned people to leave town are other cities that are also famous for being windy. before the dangerous hit. Cape Town, South Africa; Wellington, New Zealand; and Reykjavik, Iceland are among the windiest cities on 6 African wildlife often travels a long Earth. One place where the wind almost never stops to find water. blowing is Commonwealth Bay in Antarctica. Once again, Antarctica wins the prize for having some of the 5 P lay a game. Imagine the weather is hot, cold, most extreme weather on Earth! wet, or windy. Tell your partner something that is happening, without mentioning the weather. Your partner must guess what the weather is like. I’m lying on It’s hot. the beach. 5

VOCABULARY 2 L ook at the adjectives in 1 again and write the nouns. 1 Unscramble the letters to label the pictures. 1 15 2 3  (yfgog)  (niywd) 4 5 6 7 8 26  (mroyst)  (oclyud) 3 T he words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write 37 them in the correct places.  (tsyrof )  (nnysu) 1 Sutherland Falls, at 1,900 ft, is the tallest desert in New Zealand. It’s also one of the tallest in the world. 48 2 You won’t last long in the lake unless you have lots of water with you. 3 Is Australia the world’s smallest rock? 4 It’s a beautiful day. Let’s go down to the waterfall and catch some fish. 5 Don’t go too near the edge. You don’t want to fall off the rocky continent. 6 Once I buy a nice piece of sand, I’m going to build a house. 7 My gardening was going well until I hit a valley and broke my spade. 8 There was a lovely green cliff between the two mountains. 9 There’s nothing nicer than the feel of warm land between your toes!  (wsyno)  (iryan) 6

unit 1 Word Formation 4 C omplete the table and then use some of the words to complete the sentences. Verb Noun Adjective pollute 1 polluted 2 comparison comparable imagine imagination 3 4 record recorded believe 5 believable 6 If you think that snowman looks like my dad, you Prepositions have a great ! 6 Complete the sentences with about, for, from, or with. 7 People that if insects build their 1 To prevent our house flooding, nests high up, it’ll be a snowy winter. we put sandbags all around the foundation. 8 If you Canada to Spain, Canada 2 The victims of the storm were provided is definitely colder. food, water, and warm blankets. 9  and climate change are 3 Jake quickly grabbed the little boy and saved him falling off the cliff. damaging life on our planet. 10 One of the hottest days in 4 All the students volunteered history was September 13, 1922 – they say the clean-up duties after the hurricane. temperature reached 136.4°F at El Azizia, Libya. 5 Quick! Run and warn the people the forest fire! Collocations and Expressions 6 I’m a teenager, so I worry what 5 C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the the planet will be like in fifty years. expressions from the list. be a fair-weather friend be as quick as lightning be wet behind the ears have one’s head in the clouds rain cats and dogs weather the storm 1 Make sure you take an umbrella – it out there! 2 Martin may because he’s new, but he’s a hard worker who always gets the job done. 3 Beatriz only likes me when I have money. She and I think I’ll stop hanging out with her. 4 Peter’s not listening to the teacher – he again! 5 Amir and wins every race he runs. 6 Mom’s been sick and Dad lost his job, but our family is strong – we can . 7

GRAMMAR 3 Circle the correct words. Gerunds and Infinitives Beautiful Banff National Park! 1 Read about the uses of gerunds and infinitives. 1 Thinking / Think of going somewhere really special Gerund on vacation this year? You should 2 to come / come • as a noun to Canada. And while you’re here, you ought to Hiking in the woods is great! consider 3 visit / visiting beautiful Banff National Park Can you help with the cleaning? in Alberta. Located high up in the Rocky Mountains, • a fter certain verbs and phrases: enjoy, like, don’t the 2,564-square-mile park is the perfect place to get away from it all. Visitors can 4 to camp / camp in tents mind, can’t stand, etc. or, if they’d rather 5 stay / staying somewhere a little We avoid traveling by car when we can. more comfortable, book a room in any one of the I can’t help worrying about the planet. many local hotels or cabins. The view from wherever • after prepositions you stay will make you 6 shake / shaking your head After getting dressed, she went out. in disbelief at nature’s beauty! No matter how long They’re thinking about helping us. you stay in Banff, you’ll never have enough time Infinitive 7 to do / doing all the things you’d like 8 to do / do, • a fter certain verbs: advise, afford, agree, allow, appear, so we advise you 9 use / to use your time wisely. Go 10 ski / skiing, hiking, or ice fishing one day, and arrange, manage, mean, etc. then relax the next in one of Banff’s famous hot I arranged to meet them at the park. springs or spas. We could go on 11 to talk / talking They didn’t manage to finish the job. about the fantastic things there are to see and do at • in the structure it + to be + adjective + infinitive Banff National Park, but you should really 12 to see / It’s difficult to hear her. see for yourself. Are you ready 13 go / to go on the trip It’s good to see them here. of a lifetime? Yes? Then there’s no point 14 waiting / • in the structure subject + to be + adjective + wait any longer. Book your trip today! infinitive after adjectives like afraid, amazed, pleased, ready, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, willing, etc. I’m pleased to do my part. We were sorry to see them leave. • after the words too and enough You’re too young to watch this TV show. It isn’t windy enough for them to fly a kite. I didn’t have enough time to explore the valley. Base form • after modal verbs You must help. You should study harder. • after let, make, would rather, and had better Dad won’t let me go out. Mom made me clean my room. I’d rather walk to work than drive. We’d better do something soon! Gerund or infinitive? • S ome verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with no change in meaning. He continued to watch her. = He continued watching her. • Other verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive, but with a change in meaning. I remember locking the car. (= I locked the car and I remember that I did it.) I remembered to lock the car. (= I remembered that I had to lock the car and then I locked it.) 2 Read the pairs of sentences. Which pair has the same meaning (S) and which pair has a different meaning (D)? a People have begun to do something about climate change. People have begun doing something about climate change. b I stopped to pick flowers in the park. I stopped picking flowers in the park. Read 1.1-1.4 of the Grammar Reference before you do the task. 8

unit 1 Wishes, Preferences 6 C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs. 4 Read about wishes and preferences. Wishes 1 I would rather (bike) to work. • We can use wish to express our own wishes or other 2 If only I (have) a big, beautiful people’s wishes. However, we can’t use if only to lawn! express other people’s wishes; we must use wish. Compare: 3 Iwish you (stop) playing that Mary wishes she had a garden. (Mary’s wish) loud music! I wish/If only I had a garden. (my own wish) • W e use wish/if only + simple past to talk about the 4 If only she (ask) me for my present or the future when we say that something is advice! I could have helped her. not how we want it to be. If only I lived in a big city. 5 We prefer (take) a train. I wish I didn’t have to cut the grass. • We use wish/if only + past perfect to talk about the 6 I prefer (work) in the yard to past when we say that we are sorry that something (go out) with friends. did or did not happen. I wish I hadn’t hit the squirrel with my car. 7 Iwish the earth (not be) in so If only she had asked me for help! much trouble. • We often use could after wish/if only. Steve wishes he could come. 8 He would rather (walk) to work If only I could help the earth! than (take) his car. • We can use were instead of was after wish/if only. I wish it weren’t so rainy today. 9 Iwish they (not pollute) the • We use wish/if only + would to complain about a lake. Now we can’t swim in it anymore. situation that annoys us. I wish you would stop shouting all the time! 10 Hassan wishes he (help out) Preferences this weekend, but he is going to be out of town. To talk about what we prefer in general, we use: • prefer + noun/gerund (+ to + noun/gerund). We prefer the bus. We prefer taking the bus (to taking the car). • prefer + infinitive (+ rather than + base form). I prefer to watch documentaries (rather than watch movies). To talk about what someone wants in a particular situation, we use: • would prefer + infinitive (+ rather than + base form). I would prefer to live here (rather than live in the city). • would rather + base form (+ than + base form) I would rather live here (than live in the city). 5 R ead the sentences. Which one refers to a wish in the present? Which one refers to a regret about the past? Which one refers to a general preference? a I wish I could do more to save animals. b We prefer eating vegetables to meat. c If only I had joined up for an Earth Day activity. Read 1.5-1.6 of the Grammar Reference before you do the task. 9

LISTENING Upgrade 1 Look at the photograph of a national park and check Try to answer the questions without looking at the the words that go with the photo. answer options. When you think you have the correct answer, look for the option that is closest in meaning to 1 valley the answer you have thought of. 2 landscape 3 path 3  Now listen to the talk about Mount Snowdon 4 cloudy in Wales again and choose the best answer from 5 rainy the answer choices (A, B, C, or D). 6 hill 7 waterfall 1 Where is the group? 2  Sometimes in multiple-choice listening tasks, A at the top of Mount Snowdon B in the Snowdonia National Park the answer is said quite clearly, but the options C at the highest place in Wales given are confusing. Listen to a walking guide D near a high cliff giving a talk about a day on the mountain. Answer 2 How far will they walk today? the questions by writing a word or a short phrase. A 13 miles Compare your answers with the class, but do not B 6 miles check them at this point. C 16 miles 1 Where is the group? D 8 miles 2 How far will they walk today? 3 What does the speaker say about the name of 3 What does the speaker say about the name of the the mountain? mountain? A The name should be changed. 4 What will the weather be like later in the day? B It has a different meaning today. 5 What do the walkers need to do to prepare for their C It comes from Old English. D It is related to the lakes in the area. climb? 4 What will the weather be like later in the day? A cold and cloudy B sunny and cold C windy and cloudy D cold and windy 5 What do the walkers need to do to prepare for their climb? A bring their own food and warm clothes B wear warm clothes and good shoes C make sandwiches and hot coffee D take off their hats and put on their boots 6 What does the speaker mean when she says, A They should not go out in the cold. B They should put on gloves. C They should put their sandwiches in a bundle. D They should wear warm clothes. 4 L ook at your answers to questions 1–5 in 2. Did they help you to choose the correct answers in 3? 10

SPEAKING unit 1 3 W ork in pairs to answer the questions about the 1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. • Do you enjoy outdoor sports and activities? photographs. One of you will be Student A and the other will be Student B. Use the words and phrases Why?/Why not? in Express Yourself! to help you. • Would you prefer to go hiking in the mountains or AB swimming at the beach on vacation? Student A: C ompare the two photographs. How important is • What is your favorite season of the year? Why? the weather when you are doing these activities? Upgrade Student B: Which activity would you prefer to do? CD Even if you don’t know a lot about the subject of the photos, don’t worry. You can guess, using your imagination and the pictures as a guide. 2 Work with a partner. Look at Photographs A and B in 3. Complete these sentences about the photos in your own words. How many different sentence endings can you write? 1 The people in Photograph A could be … 2 The man in Photograph B might … 3 It’s possible that … 4 It’s probably … 5 I’m not entirely sure, but … Express yourself! STHISItp’hhm’eseeepmc’ysnuocpioslgoratshouitebtiblnndl.aet.g.bi.rt.l.heylay.t..s..u.re, but ... Student B: C ompare the two photographs. How do you think life in an African village is different from life in a South American village? Student A: Which village would you prefer to live in? 4 Work in pairs to discuss these questions. • Have you ever been on a winter vacation? What was it like? What activities did you do? • W hat is the weather like where you live? Would you like to live somewhere where the weather is hotter or colder? Why?/Why not? • Do you think that the weather affects how we feel? If so, how? 11

WRITING 2 You will need to explain the opening sentence and set the scene early on in your story. Read three Story: From a sentence to a story different ways to do this for the opening sentence in When you are given a sentence to begin a story, it is 1 and answer the questions below. Are any of important to make sure that your story goes with that the ideas similar to what you and your partner came sentence. You need to “explain” the sentence by asking up with? yourself questions with Who?, Why?, Where?, When?, What?, and How? This will help you to set the scene for your story a Hwtaosioswsubtlooodrrskess,tmahnraoatdtnthkacngaatoleledwr dawinyta.gosTnotsh’amtyagthdohirisoinsnvgfeeitrwoshtabjdopeabpyily and decide on a storyline. quite what he expected. b HdathTeraeheolylewuihsnnbaasgdisdanhtghactioeetmeritabnyhrhrgdeieentatcwohhkaeiiavgsnseovgroaowhhdniochiisehomeliroewseefgw!ahtsihaenyneh.tehhaHaedeerllimlylciovodooepeudktaneefddtora,rpbintiulwsot.ot c THrwtehhehaeelhoniozehettahhadreeddtrThascVoatrttmiaa,mcnaekildontehnaadolellhwuotighamuhsetsswoliitdgnialehelsftnhorseoifswewth.heoeninutmjsoaeefiflna,! nd 1 W ork with a partner and look at this opening 1 How did Tom hear the good news? sentence for a story. Use your imagination to answer a the questions below. Make notes in your notebook. b c Tom smiled when he heard the good news. • Who is Tom? 2 What was the good news? • Where is he? a • What time of the day or night is it? b • What is the good news? c • How did he hear it? • What will happen next? 3 Read this writing task and answer the question below it. You are going to enter a writing competition in the local newspaper. Your story must begin with this sentence: As Annie looked back, she realized that they were lost. Write your story. (120–180 words) 1 What questions could you ask yourself in order to set the scene and explain the sentence? 12

unit 1 4 Read this story that was written in answer to the 5 D escribing the weather helps to set the atmosphere question in 3 and answer the questions below it. in a story. Write a sentence in your notebook describing what the weather could be like in the As Annie looked back, she realized that they were lost. It following story situations. Use Express Yourself! was raining hard, and she couldn’t see the path through to help you. the forest anymore. 1 Exploring a haunted house at night It had been a bright, sunny afternoon when she and 2 Waking up on the first day of summer vacation her friend Elena had gone by bus to visit the famous waterfall. It was a beautiful place, and they had decided 6 Using adjectives to describe how your characters to walk farther up the hill in order to see the view from feel during the story brings it to life and makes it the top. They couldn’t see very far. more interesting. Which adjectives could you use to describe how you might feel in these situations? Use Now, however, it was beginning to get dark. They started Express Yourself! to help you. climbing down toward the village far beneath them. Mud covered their shoes and clothes as they slid down 1 You find out that you have passed an important through the trees. Wet branches pulled at their hair and exam. hit their faces. 2 You are alone at night and hear a noise upstairs. Eventually, they came out onto a dark road. As they sat 3 Nobody sends you a text on your birthday. exhausted on a rock, bright lights suddenly lit up the 4 It’s very late and your friend still hasn’t arrived. trees. It was a bus! 5 You find your little brother after losing him at Later, back at Annie’s house, the relieved friends laughed the mall. as they remembered the faces of the passengers as they had gotten onto the bus. They must have looked like 7 R ead this writing task and then use the Plan and creatures from a horror movie! Express Yourself! to help you write your story. Make sure you use the opening sentence correctly. When 1 Has the writer successfully used the opening you have finished your story, check your work sentence? carefully. 2 What was the weather like when they started their You are going to write a story for your favorite adventure? magazine. Your story has to begin with this sentence: 3 What was the weather like afterward? Jake wasn’t sure he could do it, but he was going to try. Write your story. (120-180 words) 4 Why does the writer make the weather change? Plan 5 Find and circle two adjectives in the story that Paragraph 1: S et the scene and “explain” the opening sentence. describe how the girls were feeling. Paragraphs 2 & 3: Action and description Paragraph 4: How the story ends Express yourself! WstcgaaaAhulresetensahsatnaysostrutho/ru,rhbnowimbnnelndlasrueysgetchoerknwsorsitcmnigkonlheyord/mtuwwdasassshining Fadneisexalipionpugoss/inwtoerdried Upgrade bSIILTttlnihowwgoewhwaaritessnnwrfwgioana.aigsgnsgfilayanit/lgllwouinhupingedtadshcvyoeli/aflctyspllk.yooy.u.fdy. excited eaxfrhaaiuds/tteerdrified/scared When you are writing a story, ask yourself questions happy to “explain” the sentence, set the scene, and come up lmoniseelryable with a storyline. proud Use the weather to build up the right atmosphere. relieved Bring the events to life by saying how the characters felt, using adjectives and adverbs. thunder. 13

gradeUpAMERICAN 4B STUDENT’S BOOK with WORKBOOK American Upgrade is an exciting new multi-level course. American Upgrade 4Β is suitable for students working to achieve a B1 level of competence within the Common European Framework. Key features: • five theme-related units, each containing carefully developed tasks designed to develop students’ reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills as well as build on their knowledge of vocabulary and grammar • three Progress Reviews, one after every two units and a final one, to consolidate vocabulary and grammar • a Grammar Reference to support the grammar theory presented in each unit • a Writing Bank and a Speaking Bank to support students’ productive skills American Upgrade 4B Student’s Book with Workbook American Upgrade 4B Student’s e-book American Upgrade 4B Teacher’s Book American Upgrade 4B Class Audio American Upgrade 4B Interactive Whiteboard Software CEFR level American Upgrade 4B B1 American Upgrade 4A A2 American Upgrade 3B A1 American Upgrade 3A American Upgrade 2B Pre-A1 American Upgrade 2A American Upgrade 1B American Upgrade 1A American Upgrade Starter