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SUMMER/FALL EDITION • V7 ; #2 Game of crops; the farmer’s Pulse diet; researchers of the future, and more! aWndHAT’S THE DEAL WITHSPROUTS? A SPROUT IMMERSION EXPERIENCE TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 1

CEO’S LETTERTHE BEST OF TIMES TIMES THE WORST OFTim McGreevy, CEO In 2010 the American Pulse Association (APA) was created to unite the members of the pea, lentil and chickpea industry with members of the dry bean industry to achieve common goals. The very first goal of this new APA coalition was to increase research funding for all pulse crops.Life and farming is The birth of my Granddaughter was In 2014 the APA and the USA Dry a journey of highs followed in late March with Congress Pea and Lentil Council (USADPLC) and lows. Good passing the FY 2018 Omnibus worked successfully to include prices and bad Appropriation bill. The FY 2018 legislative language in the 2014 prices. Good rains legislation contained a $2.0 million Farm Bill establishing the Pulse Crop and good yields. No appropriation for the Pulse Crop Health Initiative as a research priority. rain and devastating Health Initiative (PCHI) for the first Congress authorized up to $25 droughts. Joy and time. million dollars per year for the PCHI. depression. 2018 is shaping up to be Getting the PCHI into the 2014 Farm one of those years that will go down Bill was a difficult task that took our as the best of times and the worst of organizations three years to achieve. As times. it turned out getting the language into the farm bill was only the beginning.The spring began with one of the The APA and USADPLC spent the nextmost incredible experiences of my four years relentlessly asking Congresslife. In early March, my son and his to appropriate funding to the PCHI.bride invited my wife and I to attend On March 26, 2018, The Housethe labor and birth of our first and Senate approved $2.0 million ofgrandchild. Witnessing the funding for the PCHI. The entire pulsepainful miracle of childbirth industry owes a debt of gratitude toleft me teary with the chairman of the Senate Agriculturegratitude and speechless. Appropriations Committee, Senator(I know the speechless John Hoeven (R-ND) who guided thepart is probably hard to funding for the PCHI through thebelieve). entire appropriation process. Many thanks to every pulse industry Senator and Representative on both sides of aisle who supported the funding of the PCHI. The funding we received for the PCHI in FY 2018 is just the beginning. The Senate Ag Appropriation bill has included a $3.0 million appropriation for the PCHI in FY 2019. This new research funding will allow our industry to tackle some big research projects Continued on Page 4 >>>2 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

Pat Smith portrait by CONTENTS STAFF & NATIONAL BOARD MEMBERS Amber Miller CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER TIM MCGREEVY VICE PRESIDENT OF MARKETING JEFF RUMNEY VICE PRESIDENT OF RESEARCH & MEMBERSHIP SERVICES TODD SCHOLZ DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS DREX RHOADES DIRECTOR OF DOMESTIC MARKETING BECKY GARRISON DIRECTOR OF MEMBERSHIP SERVICES KIM MONK DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH SUSAN “EVY” JACONISON THE COVER 20 ASST. MARKETING MANAGER -IN THIS ISSUE GRANTS 16 FUTURE PULSE RESEARCHERS02 CEO LETTER KARA RUSSELL These university students are a step away from06 PCHI FUNDED 19 being the industry’s next great researchers. ASST. MARKETING MANAGER - PUBLIC 22 RELATIONS The Pulse Crop Health Initiative is funded 26 THE FUSS ABOUT and in the new Farm Bill! SPROUTS MADISON JACOBSON09 PULSE FARMER’S DIET Sprouts are trending, and Director of OFFICE & AUDIT MANAGER Farmers and their families know that pulses Domestic Marketing Becky Garrison are truly a superfood. Read why, and enjoy explains why (and offers up a science ELIZABETH AUNE a couple of their favorite recipes. experiment!). STRATEGIC OPERATIONS MANAGER12 PULSE FARMER PROFILE GAME OF CROPS SANDRA RUMNEY Past USADPLC Chair and Kendrick, Idaho Pulse crop researchers use Game of pulse grower Pat Smith reflects on his Thrones to explain how to manage USA DRY PEA & LENTIL COUNCIL career in pulse production, and predicts root rots in pulses. After all, winter IS EXEC BOARD OFFICERS where he thinks the industry is heading. coming! BEAU ANDERSON, NORTH DAKOTA14 THE GLOBAL PULSE AN MRL WARNING CHAIRMAN CALENDAR VP of Research & Member Services, ANDREW FONTAINE, WASHINGTON Enjoy an “at-a-glance” view of the pulse Todd Scholz explains why growers VICE CHAIRMAN should pay attention to MRLs. production seasons across the globe! AARON FLANSBURG, WASHINGTON SECRETARY/TREASURER AMERICAN PULSE ASSOCIATION BOARD OFFICERS GREG JOHNSON, NORTH DAKOTA CHAIRMAN CHAD NICKELS, TEXAS VICE CHAIRMAN APA/USADPLC CONTACT INFORMATION: 2780 W. Pullman Rd. Moscow, Idaho, 83843 208 • 882 • 3023 email: [email protected] Industry Website www.usapulses.org 16 TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 3

Average Price for U.S. Lentils country. When the TPP is ratified U.S. July 2017 - September 2018 pulse crops will face higher tariffs than ND, MT Richlea Lentils our competitors in key Asian markets. The Trump Administration is working on bilateral agreements but they take time to complete.that will help both our marketing efforts pulse crops. The European Union 2018 is on track to become the second largest production year for peas, lentilsand the productivity of pulse crops for followed suit by placing a 25% tariff on and chickpeas in our history. When you have a big crop year every market isyears to come. Be sure to check out U.S. dry beans. The EU has not placed a important. Unfortunately, as producers finish the 2018 harvest, it is unlikelythe story in this issue of how we plan to tariff on dry peas, lentils and chickpeas that the trade disputes will be settled. Pulse markets have responded to all thespend the PCHI funding to grow the at the time of this writing. However, uncertainty by dropping like a stone since the steel and aluminum tariffspulse crop industry in the United States. if negotiations fail between the U.S. were imposed in April 2018. Dry pea prices have dropped 30%, LentilIt is the dawn of a new era for pulse and the EU, all pulse crops could face prices 40% and Chickpea prices 49% of their value since the U.S. Steel andcrop research in the United States and a 25% tariff to the EU. The EU is one Aluminum tariffs were announced. Pulse farmers haven’t seen prices thisit was made possible by the entire pulse of our top three markets for lentils and low since the early 2003 for chickpeas and 2006 for peas and lentils. Manyindustry working together to accomplish chickpeas. Spain is our second largest farmers have asked me how low can prices go. I tell them the USDAthis big goal. lentil market behind India. In addition, Marketing Loan Rate which is $5.40/ cwt. For dry peas, $11.28/cwt. for India placed an additional 10% tariff on lentils, $7.43/cwt. for small chickpeas and $11.28/cwt. for large chickpeas. IfThose were the best of times. Now for U.S. pulse crops that went into effect prices go this low, the government will own a lot of pulses.the worst of times. Nov. 2 in response to the steel and aluminum tariffs.The challenges for the pulse industrybegan at the very end of 2017 when the The NAFTA re-negotiation has recentlyGovernment of India imposed tariffs concluded, which is a positive sign.on all pulse crops. India is our largest Mexico is the No. 1 market for dryexport market for dry peas importing beans and a top five market for U.S.a little over 30 percent (150,000 to dry peas and lentils. Unfortunately,240,000 MT) of our dry pea exports the new agreement is a little late asover the past five years. India is also our the uncertainty of the negotiationslargest lentil market taking between encouraged our customers to look for60,000 to 120,000 MT of lentils each alternative suppliers.year which represents roughly 23% ofour total lentil exports. One of the first actions President Trump did when he became presidentIn April 2018 President Trump followed was to pull out of the Trans Pacificthrough on his threat to impose a tariff on Partnership (TPP). Since that time thesteel and aluminum. China immediately 11 remaining countries in the TPP haveresponded with a 25% tariff on a number concluded their negotiations and are inof agricultural products, including U.S. the process of getting it ratified in each4 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

2018 is shaping up to be the most Average Price for U.S. Chickpeaschallenging marketing year for pulse July 2017 - September 2018crops since the late 90’s and early2000’s. Prior to 2002 pulse growersdid not have a safety net in periods oflow prices. Fortunately the USADPLCsuccessfully included dry peas, lentilsand chickpeas in the farm programsafety net. If prices remain at currentlevels during this marketing year itshould trigger significant PLC andARC payments for peas, lentils andchickpeas.2018 could be the year that USDA/ tariffs. markets. Our domestic marketingRMA Pulse Revenue insurance that was efforts continue to expand consumptionauthored by the USADPLC really pays It remains my hope that the Trump here at home. New pulse productoff for pulse producers because the administration will resolve these trade innovation continue at a torrid pace.projected price announced in March wars with other countries quickly and The plant-based food movement2018 is looking to be significantly in our favor. Until these trade disputes continues to grow. Starbucks justhigher than the harvest price are resolved it appears that export announced a protein coffee line thatThe Trump administration has marketing efforts are in for some rough includes pea protein.recognized the market collapse farmers waters for quite some time.are facing as a result of the trade war. The long-term future remains bright forIn July President Trump announced a The silver lining in all these dark clouds pulse crops. We will eventually work$12 billion relief package to farmers remains the growth in our domestic through these trade disputes. But itsuffering from the tariffs imposed by will take time. There have been manyour trading partners. The USADPLC times in the past few months where Ihas submitted a request asking the found myself screaming at the walls inUSDA to purchase over 500 million my office. Then I go home and visit mydollars of pulse crops this marketing granddaughter Finnley Marie McGreevyyear to mitigate the damages from the who was born March 6, 2018. Life is always good when you are a Grandpa.Average Price for U.S. Dry Peas July 2017 - September 2018 ND, MT Yellow & Green Peas All the best! CEO, Tim McGreevy TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 5

The original PCHI Strategy GroupPULSE CROP HEALTH by Todd Scholz, VP of Research & Membership ServicesINITIATVE FUNDED $2 Million in 2018 and $3 Million in 2019. It was a long fight but the hard his work and determined efforts of the many year, industry teams visiting Washington, DC and the letters and cards provided FINALLY!after by our membership finally paid off. The addition of the PCHI funding has more than eight effectively tripled our Research budget years of work, for the industry! More importantly, the the American Pulse funding has allowed the research effort to focus a significant effort on researchTAssociation (APA) into health and nutrition of pulses, research, describing the critical needs complementing the research already and developing a road map for how conducted to improve varieties and funding for the PHI would be allocated. explore crop management strategies.and the USA Dry This year the PCHI evaluation process considered 39 proposals requesting overPea & Lentil Council (USADPLC) At the same time, the US Dry Bean $2.6 Million in funding. The program, administered by the USDA-ARS with thewere able to clink the glasses of cham- Council (USDBC) and the USADPLC help of the APA/USADPLC Industry Research Committee, awarded $1.6pagne and celebrate. Congress agreed joined together to form the APA to Million to 13 proposals to be conducted over the next one to two years.to provide $2 Million in funding to better tell the story of pulses and the The funded proposals evaluate a widesupport the Pulse Crop Health Initiative need for the research described in the range of objectives in all three areas of the Initiative. In the area of nutrition and(PCHI).In addition, the budget agree- PHI. In 2014, the APA scored a majorment adds $1 Million in FY 2019 for a success by gaining an authorizationtotal of $3 Million. for the Pulse Crops Health Initiative (PCHI) at $25 Million per year forThe PCHI, called the Pulse Health five years in the 2014 Farm Bill. ThisInitiative (PHI) in 2010, began as an allowed funding up to $125 Million foridea to gain funding for research about Pulse Crop Research over five years!pulse crops focused on Nutrition,Functionality, and Sustainability/ The Industry was soon to learn whatProductivity. A meeting of scientists the difference between authorizationfrom all over the nation developed a and appropriation meant as it has takenscientific plan listing the current state of 4 years for the Congress to approve6 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

health, proposals set out to evaluate using genetics, and evaluating use of proposals, conducted a scientificthe anti-obesogenic characteristics of pulses in cropping systems of the Great review, prioritized the proposals andpulses in mice and look for genetic links Plains. processed the awards and establishedof certain nutrition traits in beans, peas contracts prior to September 30th, theand chickpeas. Functionality proposals Overall, the quality of all the proposals end of the Federal Fiscal Year. Ourevaluate the protein of pulses, the received was very good. The thanks and appreciation go out to Dr.effects of different processing on USDA-ARS was able to accomplish this Michael Grusak, the administrator ofoligosaccharides and gut activity, in a short time frame. The ARS received this Initiative and the rest of the ARSfunctionality of different pulse proteins, the funding in April and with the help evaluation team. It has taken a long timeand genetic links to cooking time. In of the APA/USADPLC, developed to actually see the PCHI funding andthe area of sustainability, the proposals a Request for Proposals (RFP), we look forward to continuing with thislook at a life cycle analysis of pulse distributed the RFP, received project.crops, improving nitrogen fixation2018 Pulse Crop Health Initiative Funded ProjectsHidden Nutrition: Understanding the Development of efficient, genotype-indepen- Kraig Roozeboomencapsulation dynamics of the cotyledoncell to optimize consumer acceptability and dent gene-editing systems for common bean Kansas State University, Manhattan, KSnutritional benefits of dry beans and chickpea $85,837Karen CichyUSDA-ARS, East Lansing, MI Shawn Kaeppler Optimizing pulse protein functionality$69,500 University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI $78,149 Brennan SmithRay Glahn University of Idaho, Moscow, IDUSDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY The effect of food processing on fermentable $74,308$30,000 oligosaccharides from pulse crops in human colon and its microbiota Sustainability and health impact assessmentDonna Winham of US pulsesIowa State University, Ames, IA Sean Liu$71,227 USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL Greg Thoma $61,146 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, ARMP3: More protein, more peas, more profit $84,407 Enhancing the Nutritional and FunctionalClare Coyne Traits of Dry Bean Through Metabolomics, Mechanisms of dry bean mediated anti-obe-USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA Genetics, and Breeding sogenic activity$178,217 (funding for Years 1 and 2) Phil McCLean Henry ThompsonFlavor, nutrition and functional properties North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND Colorado State University, Fort Collins, COof pea protein $69,868 $165,793 (funding for Years 1 and 2)Baraem (Pam) Ismail Karen Cichy Comparative Analysis of Chickpea, DryUniversity of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USDA-ARS, East Lansing, MI Pea, Lentil and Dry Bean for Human Health$173,694 (funding for Years 1 and 2) $60,166 TraitsIncreasing nitrogen fixation potential in James Harnly Henry Thompsonpulses for environmental and economic USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD Colorado State University, Fort Collins, COsustainability $73,000 $84,953Clain Jones Phillip N. Miklas Improving the Nutritional Value of Chick-Montana State University, Bozeman, MT USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA peas$66,481 $39,055 George Vandemark Sustainable field pea cropping systems for USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA the Great Plains $137,728 (funding for Years 1 and 2) TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 7

BEFORE AFTERTHE PULSE FARMER’S DIET Sometimes the answer is right under your nose. See how these farmersA JOURNEY OF AWARENESS and industry members changed their quality of life with pulses. By Elizabeth BumsteadThe ever-growing de- are more than just a crop they grow or a could to make me healthy so it was time mand for dry beans, product they work with on a daily basis. for me to do the same.” dry peas, lentils, and Pulses were the key to beginning their chickpeas has revo- weight loss journey and unlocking their His plan was simple: cut out all sugars lutionized the pulse new lifestyles. and simple carbohydrates, and replace industry and provid- them with proteins and pulses. “I start- ed opportunities for CHAD NICKELS ed eating a lot of proteins. My meals farmers to diversify Chad Nickels is a black-eyed pea grow- consisted of any meats like fish, chick-their operations. Since pulse crops are er in Muleshoe, Texas. Among other en, and beef combined with pulses,”water efficient, drought tolerant, and uses, his family’s vodka manufacturing said Nickels. Nickels took the Half Cupfrost hardy, farmers across the United company distills his pulses into vodka. Habit pledge literally, “Just Add Puls-States are capitalizing on and reaping Chad began his weight loss journey with es” (see next page) and included pulsesfrom their benefits. pulses after receiving alarming news into every meal; black bean burritos wasHowever, pulses aren’t just helping from his doctor. “They found two tu- his favorite go-to recipe. mors: one in my sinus cavity and one inthese farmers fiscally, but physically as my hip, both of them benign. By then, I Pulses provided key nutrients such aswell. Pulses are an excellent source of weighed 240 pounds and my knees and protein, fiber, and complex carbohy-protein, fiber, and other key nutrients, back bothered me,” Chad explained. “I drates that allowed Nickels to maintainand thus are a great inclusion in any decided that I needed to get my weight high energy levels throughout the day.diet, especially for those looking to lose under control and eat healthier. The “I found that when you eat pulses, you are not as hungry; you stay full forweight. For such individuals, pulses doctors were doing everything they8 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

CHAD NICKELS & WIFE, KAYLAlonger, and you don’t want to eat a lot,” said Nickels, “I end- BEFOREed up not eating as large of portions as I used to.” IVAN SACKETTAs a member of the American Pulse Association (APA),Nickels always heard about the benefits of including pulses in insurance two and half years ago, and the insurance companyyour diet but was never strict about adding them in his own. gave me a high life insurance rate because of my blood testHowever, after choosing to include them, Nickels lost 50 results,” said Sackett, “I made a lifestyle change, and sixpounds in under six months, hitting his weight goal of 190 months later, I applied with a different company. All my num-lbs. “Growing up in the pulse industry, you hear of all the bers were good, and so I got the most affordable rates.” Sincebenefits of pulses,” said Nickels, “I don’t know why I didn’t making the change, he has lost 35 pounds and reports highertry this sooner.” levels of energy. “I continue to eat pulses because it is more than just weight loss; it’s healthy eating.”IVAN SACKETTRather than embarking on a typical diet, Ivan Sackett of FallCreek, Wisconsin, decided to make a total lifestyle changewith pulses. Ivan owns Clearwater Janitorial, LLC, a success-ful commercial janitorial company. He was introduced to theweight management power of pulses by his brother, WadeSackett, who works for Chippewa Valley Bean. “ I used to eatpulses before, but I never made it a priority to eat them,” saidSackett, “I wanted to cut out sugar but also incorporate puls-es because of all the benefits I had heard about them.” Sackettbegan his pulse lifestyle change with the goal of losing someweight and having greater energy levels throughout the day.“I wasn’t trying to make it a diet. I was looking for a doableyet easy to maintain meal plan,” said Sackett.Sackett adds a handful of beans to his regular meals, which AFTERmakes his goal of incorporating pulses easily attainable. “Ihave a container of kidney beans, and I just throw a handful TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 9of them in whatever I am cooking, whether it is taco meat orscrambled eggs; I put them in everything!” said Sackett. Redkidney beans are Sackett’s pulse of choice, though he alsoenjoys black-eyed peas and black beans.Over two years later, Sackett has seen great results and con-tinues to add pulses to his everyday meals. “I applied for life

JIM HERMANN JIM HERMANN BEFOREFive years ago, Jim Hermann, an Idahodry pea, lentil, and chickpea grower, After losing 50 pounds, Hermann feels AFTERjoined Weight Watchers to lose weight, better than ever and has managed toand without intending to, began his maintain his new healthy weight, all rather than steep mountain peaks andpulse journey. While in the program, thanks to a balanced diet and the inclu- deep valleys. The deep valleys – orhe quickly noticed how many points sion of pulses. “After losing that much blood sugar crashes – is when hungerhis regular, everyday foods cost him. “I weight, I have a lot more energy,” said quickly sets in, energy levels drop, andremember seeing all the normal foods Hermann, “I have low blood pressure, someone acts “hangry” as the termI ate with really high points. I ended up and my cholesterol is excellent; the goes,” said Garrison. “With pulses,running out of points by the end of the doctors are impressed.” those valleys don’t occur.”day, and I would be left starving. I had Garrison also agrees that pulses haveto find a way to get more out of what Not only are pulses helping people lose benefits far beyond weight loss. “Be-I was eating,” said Hermann, “that’s weight, but they are also helping them yond helping lose or maintain weight,when I started incorporating pulses into maintain their health. Donny Zimmer- pulses may help reduce the risk of heartmy diet more.” Pulses have a high fiber man, a Washington pulse grower and disease, high blood pressure, Typecontent and thus use up fewer points on type 1 diabetic, has seen great success 2 Diabetes, and even some types ofWeight Watchers, which allows Her- in monitoring his A1C levels and cho- cancer,” said Garrison. “They also helpmann to get more out of his everyday lesterol, all thanks to pulses. “Eating us to stay full and energized longer asfoods, all while losing weight. The ver- pulses regularly has dramatically im- compared to other foods!” >>>satility and taste of pulses also helped proved my cholesterol and A1C levelsHermann stay on track and meet his in the last few years,” said Zimmerman.goals. “I started exploring new recipes “It has also led to an improved overalland new things; I got really excited, and health.”then I lost a lot of weight, so it was fun,”said Hermann. Pulses are beneficial to our bodies because they are a complex carbohy-As a pulse grower, Hermann always ate drate, full of fiber, and contain bene-pulses but never made a grand effort ficial micronutrients, which help ourto incorporate them into his diet. Five bodies digest slower and avoid bloodyears later, adding them into his meals sugar spikes and crashes. According tohas become second nature. “I try to Becky Garrison, RDN, and Director ofincorporate them into most lunch and Domestic Marketing, pulses are provendinner meals. I probably eat 5-6 cups to help maintain blood sugar levels andof pulses a week,” said Hermann, “it’s cholesterol.just a part of what we do now for allof our meals.” Hermann is constantly “I like to use the analogy that bloodlooking for new ways to incorporate sugar levels should be like the smallpulses into his diet, with the majority and gradual rolling hills of the Palouse,of his inspiration coming from the USAPulses Instagram page, who post newrecipes and ideas daily. “Many think ofpulses as soup ingredients, but my wifeand I have embraced them and madesome delicious meals, especially fromthat Instagram page,” said Hermann,“my next step is to try and incorporatesome chickpea flour into my homemadebread!”This journey was not just a diet for Her-mann, though, it was a lifestyle change.10 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

PFUARLMES RE NICKELS’s - TEXAS BLACK-EYED CHILISACKETT’s - CHOCOLATE CUPCAKeS INGREDIENTSINGREDIENTS 1 CUP OF DRY BLACK -EYED PEAS1 15oz CAN CHICKPEAS, DRAINED & RINSED 1 LB. GROUND CHILI MEAT, GROUND SIRLOIN OR GROUND TURKEY DEPENDING ON PREFERENCE3 LG. EGGS 1 ½ CUPS CHOPPED ONIONS1/2 CUP HONEY (or PURE MAPLE SYRUP) 1 ½ CUPS DICED CELERY1/3 CUP UNSWEETENED COCOA POWDER 1/8 TSP. GARLIC POWDER1 tsp BAKING SODA 1-2 TSP CHILI POWDER3 TBSP COCONUT OIL, MELTED 1/8 TSP CUMINGHIRARDELLI DARK CHOCOLATE CHIPS 1 TSP SALTDIRECTIONS 1/8 TSP BLACK PEPPERPREHEAT OVEN TO 350 DEGREES. PREPARE 12 MUFFIN CUPSLINED WITH MUFFIN PAPERS. PLACE CHICKPEAS, EGGS, 1 ½ CUPS TOMATO PUREEHONEY, COCOA POWDER, BAKING SODA, COCONUT OIL,AND EXTRACT IN BLENDER OR FOOD PROCESSOR. COVER CAN ROTEL WITH GREEN CHILEAND BLEND UNTIL SMOOTH. DIVIDE BATTER AMONG CUPS.TOP EACH CUPCAKE WITH 4 CHOCOLATE CHIPS. BAKE 12-20 1 CAN BEEF OR CHICKEN BROTHMINUTES UNTIL TOOTHPICK COMES OUT CLEAN. LET COOLAND ENJOY! DIRECTIONS SORT, WASH AND RINSE PEAS. PLACE IN LARGE BOWL, COVER WITH WATER. SOAK COVERED WITH TOWEL OVERNIGHT. FROZEN OR CANNED BLACK-EYED PEAS MAYBE SUBSTITUTED FOR THE DRY PEAS. BROWN MEAT, ADD ONIONS AND CELERY AND COOK SLIGHTLY. ADD TOMATO PUREE, ROTEL TOMATOES, SEASONINGS AND BROTH. SIMMER OVER LOW HEAT UNTIL CHILI THICKENS AND PEAS ARE TENDER. FOR SOME THIS MAY BE TOO MILD. IF YOU LIKE IT “HOT”, YOU CAN KICK IT UP A NOTCH BY ADDING MORE CHILI POWDER, GREEN CHILE OR YOUR FAVORITE HOT SPICES TO MAKE IT A TRUE TEXAS CHILI. TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 11

PAT SMITH IS WRITTEN BY LIZ AUNE & DREX RHOADESDEDICATED TOPULSES !FROM PULSE FARMER TOPUTLSE CHAMPIONhetownofKendrick, About that affection for pulse his career plans. It turned out to be Idaho is a small, quaint smoothies, it’s an indication of how a good move, for it led to meeting farm town located along dedicated Pat is to the U.S. pulse Annette, who was there working toward the southern border of industry. “In the morning I’ll have a a bachelor’s degree in Elementary Latah County near the pulse smoothie. I’ll put chickpeas in Education. Annette was from a farming Potlatch River. The city a blender, put in some various fruit family as well, who worked a 700-acre itself has a total area of less that I have, even spinach if my wife is spread in Endicott, Washington.than a half square mile and making it for me. Add a little coconutboasts roughly 300 residents. Although milk and orange juice and blend that After college graduation, Pat startedsmall in size, the community has banded up and that’s what I have for most every out his career in agriculture for thetogether with nearby town, Juliaetta breakfast.“ first decade working at Whitman &to increase community outreach, County Growers which is now knowndevelopment and education initiatives. When younger, the idea of eating as The Pacific Northwest Farmer’sIt is here where pulse grower, former chickpeas, let alone grow them would Cooperative.USA Dry Pea & Lentil Council Chair, have been a foreign concept. PatIdaho Commission Chair, and current graduated from nearby Troy High “At that point in time, I guesspulse smoothie aficionado Pat Smith School and later attended the University everybody gets a little itch. It was tenand his wife Annette have chosen to of Idaho. His original plan was to years and my dad called me up one dayreside and where they raised their two become a civil engineer, but six weeks and said, ‘Hey, I have this opportunitysons, Aaron and Jason. into the program he decided a degree to come down and farm the land.’” in Agricultural Business better fit12 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

“Farming came second nature to me,” said Pat. “I grew upon a farm in Troy, went away to college, worked for the grainindustry for ten years, and came back to the farm in 1990 tofarm with my dad.”Pat is a 3rd generation farmer. His family has been growingpulses in Latah County for over 100 years and will continueto do so as long as the weather stays conducive to growingpulses. Pat continues to farm two sections from his familyfarm, 700 acres on American Ridge and another 700 acres inTroy on Burridge.“It’s rewarding, but it’s challenging at times. There’sgreat adversity in some of the things you do but there’s alsosomething new to do throughout the season. It’s not just thesame job all the time.”For all of those people that think farming is easy, Pat will elected as Chair. His involvement representing the pulsegently remind them of the reality of the profession. “Some industry has led to a better understanding of the big picturepeople say, ‘Great, it’s good to be your own boss.’ And I regarding the role of pulse crops in United States agriculture.remind them that, “Well, mother nature’s my boss and I tryto work with her to the best of our ability. It’s exciting for “I think by being involved in the commission and also doingme to go out and plant a crop and see it come to fruition. See the traveling going to Washington D.C. and educating ourit grow, nurture it, try to get the best you can out of it, and senators and congressmen about the health benefits, we seeunfortunately after that, we’re at the mercy of the market as a lot of facts that a lot of the general public probably doesn’tfar as what we can do.” see as far as high in fiber we are,” Pat reflects. “It’s been a really good crop to grow and to see those health benefits.”But he’s quick to point out the positives as well, such asenjoying the camaraderie with other farmers. “It’s fun on arainy day to go in and tell horror stories about what happenedto this piece of equipment or this or that. It’s just reallyenjoyable.”Part of Pat’s pulse rotation includes small brown pardina Pat finished his last term as the USADPLC chair this pastlentils for the Spanish market and also red chief lentils, as June but will continue to champion the cause of pulses as hewell as chickpeas. His advice to new farmers interested in will serve on the American Pulse Association’s board for thisgrowing pulse crops is keeping it simple. upcoming fiscal year. He will continue to serve on the Idaho Pea & Lentil Commission and as a member of the Western“You want to look and see what the neighbor’s doing. I Pulse Growers Association as well. When asked about thewould encourage people to just put your foot in the door, in future of the pulse industry, Pat’s outlook is rather bright.the water, a little bit at a time, so you don’t come up with afailure,” Pat explains, but adds this warning: “You have to “We started the pea and lentil industry here in the Palouse,look at chemicals that have been previously put on the ground but pulse farming has taken off and is expanding,” Pat muses.because they have long residual and they have the potential to “There’s large acreage increases in Montana and Northdamage that pulse crop.” Dakota. Just recently, South Dakota has joined our coalition, and Nebraska is considering a checkoff. We’re even talkingPat’s association with the USA Dry Pea & Lentil Council to people in Arizona that are growing them. I think thecame to be shortly after returning home to farm. He first future of the industry is really taking off.”joined the Western Pea & Lentil Growers Association(renamed the Western Pulse Growers Association), and thenwas recruited as a USADPLC board member before being TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 13

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AMANDA BECKPHOTOS COURTESY OF JUSTIN EILER,NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITYPULSE RESEARCHERS WRITTENBY KATIE JONES tohfeFUTUREIn universities across the west- ern U.S., students of pulse and processors ensure the growing pop- Studying pulses for the last nine years, research are hard at work ularity of pulses for the future. when asked what her favorite thing is tackling global issues such about her work, she enthusiastically as malnutrition in emerging These students are from all corners of said, “I just love pulses!” markets, global sustainability the globe but have one thing in common of food production, climate – a passion for pulses! Growing up in Shijiazhuang, China, Yu change, and obesity and Ma found her love of plants on her own. chronic disease in Western Society. Tucked away in a lentil and dry pea Her father was the first in her family to Pulses have a small carbon footprint, breeding lab at Washington State Uni- get a bachelor’s degree, in mathematics. can improve soil health, and offer an af- versity, Yu Ma might be found excitedly She thinks she got the gene for science fordable source of nutrients when eaten running tests on seeds or small sections from him. She was intrigued by high regularly. The tools being developed by of plant tissue. She is identifying genet- school lessons in the law of inheritance today’s researchers  will improve pulse ic markers for traits of interest to pulse and Gregor Mendel’s pea studies. production, increase consumer accept- breeders. Yu Ma overcame language ance and consumption of pulses, and and cultural differences, along with the It was during her own bachelor’s studies ensure better disease resistance. This distance from her family, to study pulses toward a degree in biotechnology that research will help breeders, growers, at the university, and in spite of these Yu Ma knew she wanted to focus on difficulties, she is incredibly optimistic. plants and genetics. She went on to 16 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

attain an M.S. degree at the Chinese issues of flavor and cooking time in dry YU MAAcademy of Agricultural Sciences in beans. PHOTO BY CAL HEINENBeijing and began mapping the genetic USA DRY PEA & LENTIL COUNCILtraits of pulses. Bassett grew up in Knoxville, Tennes- see. Her mother was the first in her fam- Bassett’s research uses a large groupShe spends her time at WSU in the ily to attend college, where she achieved of diverse bean lines to create a cataloglab studying pulses and developing two M.S. degrees, in math and statistics. of the genes (map) involved in cookinggenetic markers for traits of interest to Her mother taught Bassett the value time and flavor of pulses.breeders. Her work focuses on locat- of education, but her interest in plantsing markers for traits such as disease and food is her own. “Plants fascinate “Another piece to understand whenresistance to powdery mildew in peas. me. They have a stillness, yet they are so mapping the flavor of pulses is that weThe research will expedite the breeding adaptable and resilient.” still know very little about people’sprocess, leading to more robust pulse preferences. In the US most people eatcultivars that will benefit pulse breeders Bassett’s undergraduate degree is in them canned, and added seasoningsand the pulse industry. biochemistry and cellular and molecular cover the natural flavor notes.” Bassett biology from the University of Ten- has worked with a trained sensory panelYu Ma emphasizes that pulse crops are nessee. She found her way to Michigan to evaluate the flavor profiles, intensity,important. “They are packed with vital State University and began working and texture of many different experi-nutrients. By identifying markers with with Karen Cichy on the cooking time mental types of beans . The panel hastraits of interest or marker-assisted se- of dried beans. The research interested described the presence of beany flavorslection, we can help speed up the pulse Bassett because of the positive impact such as vegetative, earthy, starchy,breeding programs.” With the current it could have on pulse consumption sweet, and bitter.interest in pulses sweeping the U.S. globally.food industry, these nutritional power-houses are poised to deliver the punch “In many parts of the world, pulsesproduct developers need. are the main source of protein. This research could help people moreThe flavor, texture, and processing time quickly cook and consume beans.of the pulse must be consistent. Amber This [reduced cook time] could haveBassett, a PhD student at Michigan a great impact for people still cookingState University’s Plant Breeding and on fire, with limited water access, andGenetics department, is tackling the [could] positively contribute to people’s health,” Bassett said. They also evaluate the texture of seed coat. How thick is it? Is it hard to chew? How grainy is the texture when the pulses are cooked?AMBER BASSETT “You might expect that every blackPHOTOS COURTESY OF KAREN CICHY, bean will taste like a black bean – thatMONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY they are all going to taste the same. But we’ve been evaluating a lot of different seed types and a lot of germplasm, and Continued on Page 18 >>> TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 17

that’s not true. There is a lot of variety UPRM, Monclova-Santana landed a ficiencies. Providing recommendationswithin seed type,” Bassett added. summer internship in the US. When to the growers helped them manage any searching for a place to complete her issues their crops were having.Revealing flavor preferences through PhD, she returned to NDSU to study It was at this time that Beck said she no-her research will ensure a bright future dry bean rust with Julie Pasche. This ticed something, “Pulse crops seemedfor pulses. Beck says, ”We have this experience brought her “from rust lab to be the ones struggling the most withopportunity and this amazing crop, and to pulse lab.” pest issues. So that’s what inspired meif all it takes is to focus on what people to work with pulses. They may not havelike and try to target that, you could Monclova-Santana’s focus on evaluating a whole lot of herbicide or pest solu-expand people’s diets. Even if it’s some- dry bean rust is similar to that of an FBI tions.”thing as simple as finding a good way to profiler working a case. She studies theprocess beans [to make] pasta, bread, a rust population to understand the races Beck’s research in plant pathology atsnack bar, or something else.” present, how they behave, the popula- North Dakota State University has kept tion dynamics, and which genes in the the needs of the growers in mind: HerWhat better way to feed future gener- pulse cultivars the rust has overcome. work with Pea Seed-borne Mosaic Virusations than with pulses? In countries Her rust profiling will enable breeders (PSbMV) in field peas led her to devel-like Puerto Rico, pulses are eaten for to select the best cultivars with resis- op a risk assessment model to examinebreakfast, lunch, and dinner. They are a tance to the pathogen. cultivars. Beck works with over 20major part of the diet. pea cultivars to detect the presence of Rust has been known to adapt and over- genetic resistance to PSbMV.Cecilia Monclova-Santana grew up come the pulses’ resistance to infection.in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico as a city kid In 1996, North Dakota lost 16% of the Each cultivar’s level of risk is denotedwithout a family history in agriculture pulse crops due to a bean rust epidem- on a 10-point scale.or higher education. The first in her ic, at an estimated cost of $12 million.family to attend university, she earned Monclova-Santana says, “As a farmer, Beck knows firsthand the strugglesher bachelor’s degree in agronomy and every penny counts! You only have growers face. The risk assessment mod-an M.S. degree in plant pathology at one harvest a year.” Monclova-Santana el will allow growers to limit yield lossthe University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez hopes her research will allow breeders by selecting the best cultivar for their(UPRM). to create more resistant cultivars that crops. “We are able to provide them will get good yield and reduce the need with answers at the end of the seasonThrough the plant breeding and genet- for fungicide, creating more cost sav- and direct them in the best way to man-ics collaborative PhD program between ings for pulse growers. age these diseases,” she notes.North Dakota State University and the Monclova- Santana jokes “I have a PhD The future of pulse research is inCECLIA MONCLOVA-SANTANA in beans. I love to tell people ‘Eat more good hands.These outstandingNORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY beans!’” students represent only a handful of the dozens of graduate students18 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE Profiling and controlling pathogens working on pulse crops. They come such as rust will have a huge impact from diverse backgrounds and areas on pulse growers in North Dakota. In of pulse research yet they all know the U.S., pulses are commonly grown the research will have global im- on family farms such as the one where pact. Climate change, dietary related Amanda Beck grew up in Minot, North illness, malnutrition and hunger can Dakota.   addressed with an increase in pulse production and consumption. The Although Amanda Beck’s father raised pulse industry is moving forward to a variety of crops that included pulses, meet these challenges. Yu Ma, Bas- it wasn’t until she was an undergrad that sett, Monclova-Santana, and Beck she decided to study plant pathology. share a passion and drive that will Beck worked a summer internship as mean success for all those involved a crop scout. She spent her days mon- in the global journey of pulses from itoring crops’ health, stage of growth, seed to plate! weeds, diseases, pests, and nutrient de-

Author: Becky Garrison, Director of Domestic MarketingSeriouslyWhat’s the fuss all a’ or most of us, sprouting might bring But many pulses are suitable to be sprouted. Mung beans and lentils are the easiest and fastest pulses toFback early memories of grade school sprout. Chickpeas, adzuki beans, and whole peas are experimentations and watching seeds also great for sprouting but will require a couple more grow as an introduction to the world days in the jar to germinate. of science. But fast forward to 2018 and this long-standing practice of And as the sprouting trend gains momentum, food germinating seeds in a jar is gaining bloggers, influencers, and celebrity chefs continue to popularity among consumers as a sprout new ideas for consumers to choose an from arraymainstream food trend. From smoothies to salad of pulse varieties when it comes to sprouting. Yes, puntoppings to baked goods, sprouted ingredients can be intended.found in many types of dishes. Sprouted pulses can befound at the store or used as ingredients. Or you can try Sprouting is the germinating process of seeds, legumesmaking them at home! (specifically pulses), grains, and even some types of nuts. The process allows seeds to rest in a warm andMung bean sprouts, commonly used in Eastern Asian moist environment for 2-5 days to reach the stage >>>cuisine are a well-known sprouted pulse on the market. TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 19

“When seeds are sprouted, the vitamins, mineral, protein, and antioxidant content increases. Additionally, digestibility also increases.”between a hard seed and a blossoming just right. When the environment is to soups, taco meat, or baked goodsnew plant. favorable, enzymes within the plant may be the perfect nutritious addition seeds are activated to breakdown to your weekly menu.Although some folks claim sprouts starch into smaller molecules that aretake on a different flavor profile, easily digested for growth. Complex Hop onto www.usapulses.org tomost consumers are drawn to the molecules are broken down in the find some delicious recipes that usenutritional benefits sprouts offer. germination process, meaning sprouted sprouted pulses as a main ingredient.Sprouting increases the nutrient foods can be easier to digest. During Try the Lentil Sprout Spring Rollsbioavailability of the seed. When seeds sprouting, metabolic enzymes that with Shrimp, the Chickpea Bananaare sprouted, the vitamins mineral, allow essential fatty acids, starches, Berry Smoothie Bowl, or the Sproutedprotein, and antioxidant content and vitamins to be more available for Mung Bowl with Coconut Quinoa Beetincreases. Additionally, digestibility absorption. Tahini. Or just try adding sproutedalso increases. pulses to everyday recipes – breakfast, Pulse sprouts are commonly eaten lunch or dinner! Find them at theWhy is this? Plants are designed to raw, but most types can withstand heat grocery store or make them at home.prevent growth until conditions are without becoming mushy. Adding them It’s easy!Lentil Sprout Spring Rolls Chickpea Banana Berry Courtesy of Smoothie Bowl thefirstmess.comwith Shrimp Sprouted Mung Bowl with20 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE Coconut Quinoa Beet Tahini

You KnowYou Make MeWannaSprout!Sprouts are grown in environmental conditions where bacteria can thrive. Just like other raw produce, sprouts can be moresusceptible to contamination. It is therefore recommended by the FDA that sprouts be stored in the refrigerator and are notrecommended for populations at risk such as pregnant women or the elderly.WHAT YOU WILL NEED: 3. Drain pulses and rinse a few times. Drain the pulses• 1 cup whole dried pulses (such as chickpeas, green peas, thoroughly and set the mason jar on its side to begin the growing process. Be sure to keep the jar out of direct Beluga lentils or adzuki beans) sunlight or the pulses may dry out too quickly.• 1 quart mason jar with screw top lid or rubber band• Water 4. Rinse and drain the pulses twice a day for 3-4 days until• Plastic mesh screen or cheese cloth the growing sprouts are about ½ inch long and a small green leaf is beginning to form.DIRECTIONS:1. Wash dried pulses and remove any foreign objects. 5. Once your sprouts have formed, give them a final rinse2. Place pulses in the mason jar, covering the top with the and replace the screen with mason jar lid and move to the fridge to store. Sprouts will stay fresh up to one week. plastic screen or cheese cloth and securing on with the lid ring. Fill mason jar with cool water and rinse the pulses a 6. Enjoy your newly grown sprouts in sandwiches, smooth- couple of times. Fill the mason jar again with cool water ies or soups, or top your favorite salad, burger, omelet, and allow to sit overnight on the counter. or tacos with them. Happy sprouting to you! TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 21

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MA NAGING PULSE ROOT ROTSPulse crops have changed the landscape cause of the problem. Short rotations family relationships and dragons. in the Northern between susceptible crops increase the We’re going to consider each family Great Plains for the amount of inoculum in the soil until like a family of fungi and fungal-like better. Unfortunately, the whole crop crashes. Currently, pathogens, and the dragons are going to along with new crops peas and lentils are unable to be grown be our management strategies. in longstanding pulse production come new pests that areas in Canada and North The big central player in this story that typically accumulate Dakota. There are no gets all the attention is Aphanomyces.and become more severe over time. fungicides and Aphanomyces is an oomycete, not aRoot rots are a persistent and severe no resistant true fungus, but it looks like a fungus. Itproblem in pulse crops that were first varieties produces a very long-lived resting sporerecognized in North America in the available in our called an ‘oospore’ that can survive inearly 1900’s and rapidly impacted toolbox of standard soils 20 years or more becausegrowers of fresh and canning peas. That management of its thick wall. Together withindustry moved from the east coast to techniques. another oomycete, Pythium, theythe Midwest to the West to avoid root Complicating the issue comprise the family ‘Stark.’ Therot issues, particularly Aphanomyces is that root rots are just Stark family is known in theroot rot. Root rots often go unseen, plain complicated! show to live in a coldsilently causing yield or quality losses, Fungi exist in the place, their motto isand very few management tools are soil that have long- ‘Winter is Coming,’available. lived or short-lived and at the beginning spore structures, Drogon of the story we think the mainNew growers of pulses do not see survive on residue or in (Crop Rotation) character, Ned Stark, is going to beroot rot problems for at least 4 cycles soil, like cool or our king at the end of the story. Turnsof a highly susceptible crop (pea, warm temperatures, like water or out, he gets his head chopped off bylentil) and often wonder why the drought, have different patterns the Lannisters (stay tuned for theirplant pathologists are so in time and space, are exacerbated fungal analog). Much like peas andconcerned about root by the crop health status, the lentils exhibiting the symptom of ‘post-rot that often needs wet presence of nematodes, the emergence damping off,’ Aphanomycesconditions to exacerbate presence of other fungi has a limited number of hosts: peas,the problem. Pulse crops and bacteria including lentils, and alfalfa are the most widelycompensate very well for mycorrhizae, and by planted in the Northern Great Plains.stand losses, and yield losses are previous crops, potentially Chickpea and fava bean are resistant.often erratic with no above-ground going back decades. Pythium has a very broad host range,disease symptoms. You have to dig but it is reasonably easy to manageup plants to see discolored roots, To try to clarify the root rot with the seed treatment fungicideand let’s face it, all crop plant roots issues in pulses, let’s use metalaxyl or mefenoxam. It prefersare brown by the end of the season. a popular television show, cool wet conditions that predominate White WalkerThis makes it difficult Game of Thrones. It’s a in the spring, whereas Aphanomycesto identify the true (Herbicide Resistant Weeds) show about complicated prefers higher soil temperatures and TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 23

infects later in the season after most fungicide seed treatments are effective. Metalaxyl-resistant Pythium has been identified in the Pacific Northwest, but has not yet been found in Montana or North Dakota. Speaking of complex relationships, the Lannister family represents Fusarium. Their motto is ‘Hear me Roar,’ and this is ironic because plant pathologists in Canada and the US probably misdiagnosed Aphanomyces for years because by the time the samples arrived at the lab late in the season, the only thing that could be detected in root tissues was Fusarium. There is a complex, some may say incestuous relationship (two of the main Lannisters, who are twins, have children together) among the Fusarium fungi, and the disease itself is caused by a number of closely related species. Aphanomyces and Fusarium interact to cause more severe disease and losses, much like the Lannisters and Starks won the Iron Throne from the Targaryens. The Lannisters (and Fusarium) cause widespread destruction and death to a number of families (and crop species), especially when Cersei Lannister blew up the Cept of Baelor with wildfire. Seed treatment fungicides could be that wildfire. Another important family in the story and in the soil is Rhizoctonia (House Tyrell) whose motto is ‘Growing Strong.’ Rhizoctonia, commonly known as bare patch in cereals, forms hyphal mats in the soil that can be disrupted by tillage (their entire family except one was killed in the Cept of Baelor). There are a number of anastomosis groups (sexual compatibility groups) of Rhizoctonia that can cause different levels of disease on different crops. They also have some pretty complex family Viserion relationships (Seed Treatments) and are sneaky and clever, much like Olenna was sneaky to poison Joffrey Lannister by hiding the poison on a necklace worn by Sansa Stark during the wedding feast between Joffrey and Margaery Tyrell. Sansa was a former fiancée of Joffrey. Now that we’ve covered the complex relationships between the main families of fungi and oomycetes causing root rot in pulses, how do we manage them? Well, that is as confusing as the Game of Thrones24 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

books and television show, and neither have an ending pulse production. The Canadians have literally spent millions ofquite yet. We can think about it like we think about the dollars trying to solve the root rot problem, and progress is verythree dragons that the Mother of Dragons, Daenerys slow. Root rot on pulses is new to us, but it is not a new problemTargaryen, hatched in a funeral pyre for her first and we can learn from the past in order to not make the samehusband, Khal Drogo. The big dragon that is directly mistakes.under the control of Daenerys is called ‘Drogon.’ Hecould be considered crop rotation: it’s a big issue, “vTdaherreRxraihliesaegattsoiseieetsngisttdasabhredlnec,aortaings.u”o’tsne,it can be managed, but it also has its dangers. Thesecond dragon, Viserion, is fungicide seed treatments.Viserion ends up being wounded by an ice spearthrown by the Night King, the head of the whitewalkers(the bad zombies). He emerges from the ice as awight, breathing blue fire and destroying the wall thatprotects the humans in the story. Viserion is fungicidesbecause fungi and oomycetes can develop resistanceto fungicides, they change and the chemistry can nolonger control the disease. The last dragon, Rhaegal, isresistant varieties because dragons don’t exist either.Stakeholder groups, industry, university researchersand extension have been working together to provideknowledge, education and solutions to growers tohelp mitigate this intractable disease complex acrossNorth America since the early 1900s. At this time, thebest recommendation we can give pulse growers are touse longer (4y+) crop rotation intervals between peasand lentils to try to slow the build-up of pathogens inthe soil and extend the time the soil will be viable for Rhaegal (Resistant Varieties) TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 25

MRL’s!MRL’s, MRL’s, A friendly warning from Vice President of Research and Member Services, Todd ScholzIt has happened again. This should be segregated and not combined Well respected scientific analysis by the year, a shipment of lentils with the untreated part of the field. This National Institute of Health (NIH) and to Japan was found to have is part one of the producer’s responsi- the World Health Organization (WHO) 2-4,D residues. This is a bility for quality—to follow the label. have found glyphosate to be safe. To problem. According to trade consumers, these facts do not matter rules and government proto- Communication is the second part of when considering feeding your children cols, if pesticide residues are the producer’s job. Processors and first food tainted with “harmful pesticides”. found on a crop that are not purchasers need to know the quality of allowed or exceed Maximum Residue their product and that includes what As a result of the controversy over Limits (MRLs), then the Japanese crop protection products were used in glyphosate, some pulse crop processors government can inspect every shipment growing the crop. Armed with that in- have asked producers not to use it as a from the offending country—the USA— formation, the processor can segregate Pre-Harvest Aid. Processors are react- adding cost to the shipments in both the crop and market it separately. With- ing to some international customers time and money. out that information, your crop could including India and the EU that have contaminate an entire bin, changing the considered not accepting shipments The USA Pulse Industry has worked value of the entire lot. with glyphosate residues present. hard over the past 53 years to build a reputation as the quality supplier of Even labeled products can be a prob- There are valid reasons to use glypho- the world. US product has a reputation lem. This spring, a court in California sate on pulse crops. There are also as the best in the world because our ruled in favor of a groundskeeper with markets that will accept the use of exporters work hard to maintain quality cancer who claimed it was caused by glyphosate. Your processor or first pur- product in a timely and dependable glyphosate (Round-up®). A jury found chaser need to know whether the crop is manner. Because of this reputation, US Monsanto responsible for $279 Million treated or not so they can take action to product commands higher prices and in damages. Immediately following this help market your crop. Communication everyone in the value chain benefits— ruling, the Environmental Working is the best policy. including producers. But, maintaining Group (EWG) published an article that reputation requires everyone’s which claimed dangerous pesticide MRL’s will continue to be a concern for attention. residues were found on breakfast all pulse crops. The US pulse crops are cereals like Cheerios® and Quakers the best quality in the world and MRL’s 2-4,D is not labeled on lentils or any Oats®. The article described residues are a part of the definition. The crop pulse crops for that matter. Producers measured in parts per billion, a level protection plan for your crop helps to should be extremely careful when using which required individuals to eat over define the quality of your crop. You it even on fields bordering pulses to 118 pounds of breakfast cereal in a should follow the label and communi- prevent drift or accidental application to day to reach the dose of glyphosate still cate with your processor to insure you the pulse crops. If a producer suspects considered safe by EPA. are producing a quality product. Quality a pulse field is treated, the treated area is worth it!26 || TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE

Glyphosate and Cancer Glyphosate and the TheThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environment highestand the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting Glyphosate binds to soil. It does not residueon Pesticide Residues (JMPR) both leach and does not run off. levelrecently reaffirmed glyphosate does not reported bycause cancer. Glyphosate has undergone extensive EWG is not ecotoxicology testing over the last 40 even remotelyThe jury’s decision differs from years. It produces no toxic effects to close to anythe overwhelming evidence from mammals, birds, fish, or invertebrates at level of concern. The EPA and othergovernment agencies and scientists realistic environmental exposure levels. regulatory authorities have strict rulesfrom around the world that have found Some formulations of glyphosate about contaminants in food. The EPAno link between glyphosate use and contain a surfactant that may affect sets daily exposure limits at least 100cancer. some organisms if they are exposed to times below levels shown to have no high levels. negative effect in safety studies.More than 800 studies, the NationalInstitutes of Health and regulators That is why some formulations are Even at the highest level reported byaround the world have concluded that labeled for use in water, others are the EWG (1,300 ppb), an adult wouldglyphosate, can be used safely and does prohibited from entering water. have to eat 118 pounds of the foodnot cause cancer. item every day for the rest of their life Glyphosate does not bioaccumulate in order to reach the EPA’s limit. 118The legal issue in the court case was thus does not magnify through the food pounds of oatmeal is 228 servingsabout Monsanto’s duty to inform chain. every day. That equals 3,658% of theusers. It was not about science. Juries daily recommended intake of fiber.are human and they responded to the Glyphosate is broken down by bacteriaplaintiff with sympathy. The case will be in the soil. FDA has been testing certain foodsappealed. for glyphosate residues. While the Glyphosate and Food final report is not yet available, theGlyphosate acts by stopping a specific The Environmental Working Group agency has said it found no pesticideenzyme, EPSP synthase. This enzyme is (EWG) released a report claiming they residue violations for glyphosate infound ONLY in plants. Since humans found trace amounts of glyphosate in “preliminary testing” of samples ofand animals do not have the enzyme, breakfast cereal. The EWG has a long soybeans, corn, milk and eggs.glyphosate has no effect on them. history of spreading misinformation about a variety of topics including Facts supplied by the Washington vaccines. Friends of Farms & Forests. TAKE YOUR PULSE MAGAZINE || 27

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