2018-merged

26. gps;isNea ghlrhiynahd;wpd; (Child friendly school) khztu;fs; ngw;NwhiuAk; Mrpupauf; isAk; Nerpg;ghuf; s;. Mrpupau;fspd; mu;g;gzpg;ig kjpg;ghu;fs;. ngw;Nwhu;> Mrpupauf; s; MfpNahiug; gw;wp ey;ypzf;fj;Jld; ciuahLthu;fs;. gps;isNeaj; jd;ikiaj; njhlu;r;rpahf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s gupkhzq;fspy; r%ftpay; Nehff; py; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhff; fUjg;gLk; gupkhzq;fs; ,uzi; l vOJf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………........... (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 27. vupf; n`hapypd(; Eric hoyle) ghFghlb; d; Mrpupa tfpghfj;jpd; gpujhd ,uz;L JiwfisAk; ngaupLf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 28. xU ehl;by; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;if eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glhjpUg;gpd; Vw;gLk; ,uz;L gpujp$yq;fis vOJf. (i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 29. r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fiyj;jpl;lj;ij khw;wpaikf;Fk; NghJ vOk; ,uzL; gpur;rpidfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 30. .ghlrhiyapy; fhzg;gLfpdw; rktaJf; FOnthd;wpy; gy;tifikiaf; fhl;Lk; ehd;F Jiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (iii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (iv) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (02 × 10 = 20Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 51 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(02) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fNsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp Ⅰ 1. r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu mq;fpahfpd;w kdpjdpd; MSik tpUj;jp jhdhf eilngWk; xd;wy;y. capupay;rhu; kdpjd; (Biological man) rKjha mq;fpahf khw r%fkakhjy; (Socialization) nrad;Kiw fhuzkhFk;. (i) “r%fkakhjy;” vd;gij tpsq;fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fznkhd;iw vOJf. (ii) gps;is rpWguhaj;jpy; ,UfF; k; NghJ kpfr; rpwpajhf Mukg; khFk; r%fkakhjy; nrad;Kiw kpfg; gue;jjhf gutpr; nry;Yk; tpjk; fPNo cUtpy; fhll; g;gLfpdw; J. mjpy; ntw;wplq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; ,uz;L tPjk; vOJf 1. ………………………………. %d;whk; epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; 2. ………………………………. fhuzpfs; 1……………………. ,il epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; 2. ………………… 1. ………….. Kjy; epiyr; r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; 2. ………… (iii) xU gps;isia r%fkakhd %j;Njhdhf khw;Wtjw;F Mrpupau; xUtu; gpdg; w;wf;$ba r%fkakhjy; Elg; Kiwfs; %d;wpid cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 52 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

2. vy;iyaw;w MirfSld; $ba kdpjd; jd; tho;ehs; KOtJk; mjpUg;jpAld; ,Uff; pdw; hd;. mjpUg;jpia ntw;wp nfhz;ljd; gadhf kdpjd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; mjp cau;epiyia mile;Jss; hd;. mz;ikfhy rpf;fyhd r%fj;jpDs; ,J xU r%fg; gpur;rpidahf khwpAs;sJ. (i) ,isQu; tpuf;jp (Youth unrest) vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf mwpKfg;gLj;Jf. (ii) ,yq;if ,isQu;fs; kj;jpapy; tpuf;jp epyTfpdw; J vdf; fhll; f$; ba ehd;F fhuzpfis vOJf. (iii) ,yq;ifapy; ,isQu; tpuf;jp Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpl;L, mtw;wpy; xd;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 3. ghlrhiyahdJ r%fj;jpd; NjitfspD}lhf cUthd epWtdkhifahy; r%fj;jpd; epyTif> Kd;Ndw;wk; Mfpatw;iw Nehff; khff; nfhz;L nraw;gly; ghlrhiyfspd; jiyaha flikahFk;. (i) ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; G+uz fiyj;jpl;lj;ijr; Nrue; ;j ,uzL; mk;rq;fis vOJf. (ii) cq;fs; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fSf;fpilNa ,ilj;njhlu;Gfs; ruP hd kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;glhj NghJ mtu;fSf;fpilapyhd ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis Nkk;gLj;j gpdg; w;w Ntz;ba fw;gpj;jy; Kiwikfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpl;L mjpy; xd;W nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ijr; RUf;fkhf tptupf;Ff. (iii) ”fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspj;jy;” vDk; Nju;r;rpf;Fg; gpsi; sfis topg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tfpghfNkw;W ebj;jiy my;yJ ehlf Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp ghlj;jpl;lnkhd;Wf;F nghUj;jkhd mZFKiwnahd;iwj; jpl;lkpLf. 4. goq;fhy vspa r%fj;jpypUe;J jw;fhy rpff; yhd r%fk; tiu kdpjd; gazpf;Fk; NghJ jdJ Md;kPf Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh ahjhapDk ; rkankhd;iw jj;Jtnkhd;iw my;yJ ek;gpfi; fnahdi; wf; nfhz;bUg;ghu;. (i) “rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;G” vd;why; vd;d vdgijr; RUff; khf tiuaiw nra;f. (ii) rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;gpd; %yk; Mw;wg;gLk; ehd;F gzpfis vOJf. (iii) ntt;NtW rka jj;Jtq;fisr; Nrh;e;j gps;isfs; cs;s tFg;giwnahd;wpy; fw;gpfF; k; Xu; Mrpupaupdhy; rka NtWghLfSf;F mika fw;wy; tha;g;Gfs; toq;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; %yk; njspTgLj;Jf. gFjp Ⅱ 5. xt;nthU kf;fs; r%fj;ijAk; fUJk;NghJ njspthfj; Njhw;wf;$ba r%f tFg;Gfs; fhzg;glhj NghjpYk; vy;yhr; r%fq;fspYk; $bf; Fiwe;j mstpy; epyTk; tFg;GKiwnahd;iwf; fhzKbfpwJ (i) “r%f tFgG; ” vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ? (ii) xU ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; r%f tFg;Gfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F cjTk; ehd;F fhuzpfis vOJf. (iii) ve;j xU r%fKk; Kaw;rpg;gJ r%fj;jpd; tFg;G tpj;jpahrq;fis Fiwe;jsthf;fp r%f mirit Vw;gLj;JtijahFk;. r%f mirit Vw;gLj;Jk; %d;W gpujhd fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gplL; > mtw;Ws; xd;wpd; %yk; r%f mirT Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 53 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

6. ghlrhiyahdJ gue;j r%fj;jpy; nraw;gLfpdw; mr; r%fj;jpd; cg njhFjpnahd;whFk;. mq;F eilngWk; fUkq;fs; r%fj;ij Neubahfg; ghjpf;Fk;. mjdhy; ghlrhiyf;Fk; gue;j r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; kpf neUf;fkhd njhlu;G epyTjy; mtrpakhFk;. ,jidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> (i) “ghlrhiyr; r%fk”; vd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fznkhd;iw cUthfF; f. (ii) r%fj;jpw;fhf ghlrhiyapypUe;J Muk;gpf;ff;$ba ehd;F epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis vOJf. (iii) ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;G kpff; Fiwe;j kl;lj ;jpy; cs;s ghlrhiynahd;wpy; “ghlrhiyAk; r%fKk;” nraw;wpl;lj;ij nraw;gLj;Jtjhapd; ghlrhiyf;Fg; ngw;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd nraw;wpl;l mwpf;ifnahd;iwj; jahupf;Ff. 7. ve;j xU r%fj;jpYk; mq;F trpg;gtu;fspd; ,ilr;nraw;ghLfspdhy; thOk; Nfhyk; cUthfpd;wJ. mjd; NghJ r%fj;jpy; epyTk; gy;tifikiaf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;shJ nraw;gly; kdpj tu;ff; j;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F fhuzkhfpd;wJ. (i) “r%fg; gy;tifik” vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. (ii) fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ Xu; Mrpupau; Nkw;gbg; gy;tifikf;F Vw;g jdJ gzpfis xOq;fikf;Fk; tpjj;ij ,uzL; tplaq;fspd; %yk; RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. (iii) ,yq;ifapd; fy;tpj;JiwapDs; r%fg;gy;tifikiaj; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> rkfy;tp tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vLf;fg;glL; s;s gbKiwfs; %d;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;L> mtw;Ws; xd;iw tpsf;Ff. 8. fy;tpf;fhf gytifahd tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; gaDWjpAs;sJk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJkhd Nritnahd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. (i) “r%f tsk;” vd;gijr; RUff; khf tpsfF; f. (ii) r%f tsq;fis fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; ehd;F mD$yq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) Mrpupau; xUtUf;F jdJ tFg;giwapDs; ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F FOf; fw;wiyg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; khztupilNa flb; naOg;gf;$ba r%fj;jpwd;fs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 54 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs;-Ⅰ 1) css; hh;e;j/ csS; zu;T 2) fyhrhuk;. 3) r%fkakhff; k;. 4) #oy;/ r%fk; 5) tpup 6) cgfyhrhuk/; Jizfyhrhuk;. 7) tfpgq;F/ ebgq;F 8) r%ftpay;. 9) cyfkakhff; y; /G+Nfhskakhff; y;. 10) r%f tFg;G. 11) 1 12) 2 13) 3 14) 4 15) 2 16) 1 17) 1 18) 3 19) 1>3 20) 1 21)  md;G mutizg;G Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;.  czh;r;rp trg;gLk; jd;ik mjpfk; fhzg;gLk;.  Raeyj; jd;ik mjpfupf;Fk;.  ghuk;gupa fyhrhug; gzG; fs; tpOkpaq;fs; mwptJ mupjhff; fhzg;gLk;.  r%j;NjhL njhlu;ghLk; jd;ik Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk; 22)  gupRk; jzl; idAk;.  MNyhrid topfhl;ly.;  fiyj;jpl;lk;. (r%fj;jpw;F nghUj;jg;ghL miltjw;fhd gy;NtW gz;Gfs;>elj;ijfs;> mwpTrhu; tplaq;fs;> kdg;ghq;F> jpwd;fs; fw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd)  ghlrhiyr; #oy;. (ghlrhiyfPjq;fs;> ghlrhiyf; nfhb>rpd;dq;fs;> tpohff; s;)  ghlrhiyapd; cs;shh;e;j nraw;ghLfs;.  fw;wy;/ fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fs;  kd;wq;fSk; mikg;Gf;fSk;  jiyikj;Jtg; gzG; fs;  r%f nraw;wpl;lk; (r%fj;jpd; Kf;fpa epfo;Tfspy; ghlrhiyapd; gq;fspg;ig toq;Fjy;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 55 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

23)  gpur;rpid jPh;j;jy;.  Gjpa jfty;fis clDf;Fld; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;.  jfty;fis Nrfupj;Jf; nfhs;sYk; gupkhwYk;.  Kfhikj;Jt gbKiwfis NgZjy;/,yFgLj;jy.  jpl;lkply; nraw;ghLfis Jupjg;gLj;jy;  Gjpa Gjpa Elg; Kiwfis ngw;Wf;nfhss; y; kw;Wk; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jy;  xUtiu jw;fhyr; R+oYf;F ,r;irg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.  Gjpa Gjpa fUtpfis vt;thW ,af;fpfn; fhs;tJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;sy;. 24)  Nghijg; nghUs; ghtidapd; jPq;F gw;wp Mrpupah; khzth;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;Fjy;.  Mrpupaupd; Kd;khjpup elj;ijfs;.  Nghijg; nghUs; toq;Fk; eghf; s; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gj;Jjy;.  r%fk; rhh;e;j tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;Jjy;.  r%f Nrit mikg;Gf;fs;/ nghyp]hupd; cjtpAld; Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidia jLj;J epWj;jy;.  tpopg;Gzu;Tf; $l;lq;fs;/ tPjp ehlfq;fs;/ fUj;juq;Ffs; vd;gtw;iw elhj;Jjy;. 25)  ,isQh; tpuf;jp  jw;nfhiy Kaw;rp. (kd mOj;jk;> MSikr; rpijT> Fbg;gof;fk;> nghUshjhu rpf;fy;fs;)  Ntiy tha;g;gpd;ik.  r%f neUf;Fjy;fs;.  %isrhypfs; ntspNaw;wk;  epk;kjpapd;ik.  Nghij kw;Wk; kJ ghtidf;F mbikajhy;.  r%f td;Kiwfs;(ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd, rpWtu;fSf;nfjpuhd) 26)  ghy;epiy NtWghLfSf;F Vw;g nraw;ghLfisr; nra;jy;.  ngw;NwhuJk; r%fj;jpdJk; gq;fspg;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.  rpWth; cupikfis kjpj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;.  gps;isapd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G rhh;ghd tplaq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;.  gps;isapd; fw;wy;NgWfis mjpfupj;jy;  gps;is Neag; ghlrhiyfs; rhu;ghf ntspte;j Rw;WepUgq;fs; kw;Wk; xOq;F tpjpfs; rhu;ghd mwptpid ngw;Wf;nfhss; y;  Vida nghUj;jkhd tplaq;fs; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 56 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

27)  r%f tfpghfk;.  njhopy; rhh; tfpghfk;. 28)  fy;tpiaj; njhlh;r;rpahf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y KbahJ ,Uj;jy;.  milTkl;lj;jpy; rkj;Jtj; jd;ik fhzg;glhik.  fy;tprhh; tsq;fspd; gad;fs; Fwpj;j xU gFjpapdUf;F khj;jpuk; xJf;fg;gly;.  fy;tpapd; rk re;jh;g;gq;fs; nghUj;jkw;witahf mikjy;. 29)  jpl;lkply; rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;.  eilKiwg;gLj;jy; rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;.  Nkw;ghh;it kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL rhh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;. 30)  ghy; ghFghL.  r%f tFg;G  fy;tprhh; milTfs;.  tpNrl nraw;ghLfs;.  tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fs.;  fyhrhuf; fl;likg;Gf;fs;.  eil cil ghtid  gq;Fjhuu;fs;  kdg;ghq;Ffs;  tpOkpaq;fSk;/ r%fg; gupkhzq;fSk; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 57 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

tpdhj;jhs;- Ⅱ gFjp - Ⅰ 01. (i) Fwpj;j jdpegiu r%fj;jpw;F Vw;Gilatdhf khw;Wfpdw; midj;Jr; nranyhOq;FfSk; r%fkakhjy; vdg;gLk;. r%fj;jpw;F ,irthf;fkiljy; my;yJ nghUj;jg;ghliljy; vd;w tifapy; vOjpapUg;gpd; (ii) 1. Muk;g epiy  FLk;gk;  rktaJf; FO  ezg; h;fs;  %j;Njhh;.  MjuT toq;Fk; FOf;fs;. 2. ,ilepiy  ghlrhiy  rktaJf; FOf;fs;.  rka epWtdq;fs;.  tpisahl;Lf; fofq;fs;.  jd;dhh;tf; FOf;fs;.  Vida nghJ mikg;Gf;fs.; 3. %d;whk; epiy  mr;R Clfq;fs;(gj;jpupif/rQ;rpiffs;)  ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fs; (,izak;> njhiyNgrp) (iii) 1. MNyhridAk; topfhl;lYk;. (rupahd jfty;fis toq;fs;> ehspjo;fs;> njhiyf;fhl;rp %yk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f tpNuhjr; nraw;ghLfs;> r%f Nritfs); 2. Kd;khjpupahf elj;jy;. 3. gupRk; jzl; idAk;. 4. ghuhl;Ljy;> Cf;Ftpj;jy; 5. ,dq;fhZjy;. 6. css; hh;e;j czh;Tfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 58 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

02. ,isQu;fsJ vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; Njitfs; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; fpilff; g; (i) ngwhikapdhy; ,isQh;fs; tpuf;jpf;F cs;shfpdw; dh;. ,jd; fhuzkhf cly; (ii) cs kdntOr;rp uPjpahf ghjpf;fg;gLjy; ,isQh; tpuf;jp vdg;gLk;. (iii) 1. jw;nfhiy (tpUg;gj;Jld; xUtu; jd;idj;jhNd nfhiy nra;J nfhs;Sk; nrayhFk;) 2. kdtOj;jq;fSf;F cl;gl;L ,Uj;jy;. 3. Nghijg; nghUl;fSf;F mbikahjy;. 4. khzth; Nghuhl;lq;fs; 5. FOf;fSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs;. 6. vjph;fhy ,yf;fpd;wp ,Uj;jy;. 7. %j;Njhuhy; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLjy;. 8. r%fj;jpy; ghpjhgj;Jf;Fupath;fshf my;yJ ntWf;fg;gLgth;fshff; fhzg;gLjy;. 9. xOf;ff;Nflhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLjy;. 10. vjpupfs; mjpfk; fhzg;gLjy;. 1. Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik. 2. gbg;GfN; fw;w Ntiy fpilff; hik. 3. Nghlb; g; guPl;irfSk; jug;gLj;jy;fSk;. 4. nghUshjhug; gpurr; pidfs;. 5. tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F cl;gl;l FLkg; epiy. 6. guPl;iria ikakhff; nfhz;l fy;tp Kiw 7. FWfpa tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;Wj; jUk; fy;tp Kiw. 8. gpsTgl;l FLk;gq;fs;. 9. jhkjpj;j jpUkzq;fs;. 10. flL; g;ghLfs;. 03. 1. Kiwrhuf; fiyj;jpl;lk; (i) 2. Kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lk;. 3. kiwf;fiyj;jpl;lk; (ii) (,izghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf fiyj;jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfs; rka tpohff; s;> tpNrl jpdq;fs; nfhz;lhLjy;> kd;wr; nraw;ghLfs;> tpisahl;L> fsrR; w;Wyh) 1. FOf;fw;wy; Kiw (FOf;fw;wy; Kiw %yk; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fspilNa ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis rpwg;ghf Vw;gLj;j KbAk;> ,jd; %yk; xj;Jiog;G> cjtpaspj;jy;> Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;> Nehff; j;ij ,yFthf miljy; Nghd;w r%fj;jpwd;fis khztu;fspilNa tsu;f;f KbAk;) 2. rfghbf; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; Kiw (xj;j tajpdu; ,jpy; <LgLtjhy; jaf;fk; ,d;wp fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; eilngWk;. Rje;jpukhd fw;wyhfTk;> gapw;Wdu; gapYdu; ,ilapyhd ,iltpidj; jhff; k; capu;g;ghdjhfTk; rkepiy NgZtjhfTk; mikAk;. 3. gq;nfLj;Jf; fw;wy; Kiw 4. ntspff; sf; fw;gpj;jy; Kiw N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 59 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) “fyhrhyj;ijf; ifaspj;jy;” vDk; Njh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Vw;w tifahd ehlfKiw my;yJ ghj;jpuq;fis Vw;W ebj;jy; vd;gjw;F ,zq;f nghUj;jkhd xOq;F Kiwapy; ghlf;Fwpg;G vOjg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 04. rka ujP pahd xOq;fikg;Gf;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd rka KiwfisAk; xOfyhWfisAk; (i) mJ rhh;e;j gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fisAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fisAk; jukhd Kiwapy; Fwpj;j r%fj;jpw;F toq;Ffpdw; mikg;ghFk;. (ii) 1) r%fj;jpw;F Ntzb; a xOf;fq;fisf; fw;gpj;jy;. 2) r%f cWg;gpdh;fspilNa rpwe;j ey;Ywitg; Ngzpf; nfhs;Sjy;. 3) Rafl;Lg;ghL> RaxOf;fk; vd;gtw;iw tpUj;jpahf;f toptFj;jy;. 4) kdntOr;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;. 5) r%f Kd;khjpuiag; NgZjy;. 6) rpwe;j kdg;ghq;Ffis fw;gpj;jy;. 7) Neuhd nraw;ghLfis Mw;w topg;gLj;Jjy;. 8) rpwe;j tpOkpa mk;rq;fis gpdg; w;WjYk; mjpy; Njh;r;rp ngwTk; toptFj;jy;. 9) Fwpj;j jdp egiu rka kakhff; r; nra;jy; 10) cly;, cs mikjpiag; Ngzy; 11) MNuhff; pakhd cly; rkepiyiag; Ngzy; (iii) 1) midj;J rkaj;jth;fSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 2) me;jej; rka tpohff; s; gzb; iffisf; nfhz;lhl toptFj;jy;. 3) tho;f;if;F cfe;j rkag; ngupNahh;fspd; fUj;Jff; Sf;Fk; NghjidfSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy;. 4) rkak; fl;Lf; Nfhg;ghd tho;f;ifkiwf;f toptFf;ff; $baJ vd;w jj;Jtj;ij czh;jy;. 5) xU rkaj;jpid kl;Lk; Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; gzg; pidj; jtph;j;jy;. 6) Vida rkaq;fis tpkh;rpj;jiy jtph;j;jy;. 7) Vida rka kuGfis jil nra;jYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jYk; Mfpatw;iwj; jtph;j;jy;. 8) Fwpj;j rkaj;jpid rhh;e;j gps;isfs; Vida rka itgtq;fspy; fyeJ; nfhs;s toptFj;jy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 60 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

gFjp - Ⅱ 05. (i) nghUshjhuk; nrhj;Jilik njhopy; fyhrhuk; Nghdw; mk;rq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; NtWgl;l fll; ikg;G r%f tFg;G vdg;gLk;. (ii) 1) nghUshjhuf; fhuzp 2) nkhop 3) njhopy; me;j];J 4) fy;tp 5) thOk; gpuNjrj;jpd; jd;ik 6) r%f cwTfs; -r%ftfpghfk; 7) jdpgg; l;l Mw;wy;. (iii) 1) nghUshjhuk; 2) murpay; 3) fy;tp 4) ,aw;if mdh;j;jk; 5) Aj;jk; 6) gy;fyhrhuj;jd;ik 7) efukakhff; k; 8) ,lg;ngah;T 9) Nkiyj;Nja nry;thfF; 06. (i) ghlrhiyAld; njhlh;Gs;s ghlrhiyf;Fs;Sk; ntspAk; mjDld; njhlh;Gila midtUk; ghlrhiyr; r%fk; vdg;gLk;. ghlrhiyapd; Kd;Ndw;wk; Fwpj;J nraw;gLgth;fSk; mNj jUzj;jpy; ghlrhiy %yk; jk;ik tshj; ;Jf; nfhs;gth;fSk; ,t;tFjpapdh; Mthh;.mjhtJ khzth;fs; Mrpupah;fs; mjpgh>; fy;tprhh; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSk; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhh; gioa khzth;fs; rkaj; jiyth;fs>; th;j;jfh;fs> murpay;thjpfs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfs; >muR mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fs; Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpa r%fk;. (ii) 1) r%fj;jpw;F Ntzb; a MNyhrid topfhl;ly; toq;Fjy;. 2) gFjpNeuj; njhopy; gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;. 3) Rfhjhuk; >rpukjhdg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhss; y;. 4) tpopg;Gzh;T fUj;juq;Ffs;> $l;lq;fs; elhj;Jjy;. 5) r%f epfo;r;rpfs; jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhst; jw;fhf ghlrhiy tsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 6) njhopy; topfhl;lYf;fhd nraw;wpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhss; y;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 61 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) nraw;wpl;lk; Kd;nkhopT fPo;tUk; mk;rq;fis cilajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 1) jiyg;G 2) Nehff; k; 3) fhy msT. 4) tsthsh;fs; 5) mjd; gad;ghL. 07. (i) gy;NtWgl;l nkhopfs>; kjq;fs;> rhjp ,dq;fs;> fyhrhuq;fs; gz;ghLfs; Nghdw; tw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jk; gy r%f tFg;gpdiuf; nfhz;l r%fk;. (ii) 1. nkhopg; gad;ghL 2. MNyhrid topfhl;ly.; 3. ju cs;sLP fisg; gad;gLj;jy;. 4. midj;J khzth;fisAk; rkdhf Nehf;Fjy;. 5. midtUf;Fk; cjtp toq;Fjy; 6. midtUf;Fk; rktha;g;Gf;fis toq;Fjy;. 7. r%fg; gy;tifikia Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mjw;Nfw;g fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhss; y;. (iii) 1. ,ytrf; fy;tp 2. fll; haf; fy;tp Kiw 3. Njrpa ghlrhiyfs; Muk;gpff; g;gl;lik. 4. kj;jpa fy;Y}upfs; Muk;gpff; g;gl;lik. 5. jha;nkhopf; fy;tpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;fg;gll; ik. 6. njhopy;El;g Ma;T $lq;fs;. 7. ,ytr toq;fw; Nritfs;. 08. (i) r%fj;jpYs;s ngsjPf tsq;fisAk; kdpj toq;fisAk; Fwpf;Fk;. mj;Jld; njhopy; Kaw;rpf;Fupa njhopy; epWtdq;fSk; epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;jth;fSk; r%f tsq;fshf fUjg;gLfpdw; d. (ii) 1. tpidjpwidAk; Kd; mDgtj;jpidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. 2. Mspilj; njhlh;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;ayhk;. 3. r%fj;jpw;Fk; my;yJ ghlrhiyf;Fkpilapy; rpwe;j ,iltpidj; njhlh;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk; 4. mwptpidAk; jpwidAk; Nkkg; Lj;jyhk;. 5. cz;ikfisf; fw;Wf; nfhs;s re;jh;g;gk; fpilj;jy;. 6. Gjpa mwpthh;e;j tplaq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s toptFj;jy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 62 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

(iii) 1. Vidath;fsplj;jpy; nghWg;Gzh;Tld; nraw;gLk; jd;ik. 2. Vidath;fspd; fUj;Jf;fSfF; kjpg;gspj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;. 3. Mspilj; njhlh;g tpUj;jpailAk;. 4. r%fj; jpwd; tpUj;jpailAk;. 5. Rje;jpukhd nraw;ghl;Lf;F toptFf;Fk;. 6. jiyikj;Jtg; gzG; tpUj;jpailAk;. 7. rpwe;j clYiog;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. 8. ruP hd Kiwapy; jkj nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhss; KbAk;. 9. gz;G rhh;e;jJk; msT rhh;e;jJkhd mk;rq;fisg; gpdg; w;wf; $bajhf mikjy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 63 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3749 C.T.Dinah Thivyamalar

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2013 (2014) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs;Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspfF; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy /nrhw;fis ,l;Lg; G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l mq;fj;jth; xUtuhtjw;F nra;a Ntzb; aJk; nra;a Ntzl; hjJkhd fw;wy; r%fkakhjyhf --------------------------- vd;gth; tiuaWj;Jss; hh;. 2. Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l rl;ltpjpj; njhFjpnahd;Wk;> mjpfhuk; gw;wpa mLf;fikTk; fhzg;gLtJ -------------------------- xOq;fikg;Gf;fspyhFk;. 3. ,yq;ifapYs;s Kiwrhh; fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; Jizf; fyhrhug; gz;gfis kpfTk; ed;whf fhzKbtJ ------------------------------------ Clhf MFk;. 4. Kiwrhh; xOq;fikg;nghd;wpy; tpisjpwidAk; tpidj;jpwidAk; Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; kpfTk; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; Nehff; k; -------------------------------------MFk;. 5. khztid NtiyAyfpw;F gof;fg;gLj;Jk; Nehff; j;Jld; 1972k; Mz;bd; fy;tpr; ruP ;jpUj;jq;fspd; %yk; -----------------------ghlk; ghlrhiyf;fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 6. ,yq;ifapy; elhj;jg;gl;l Ma;Tfspd; %yk; gps;isfspd; ftdj;ij kpff; Fiwthf <h;fF; k; mr;R Clfkhf ---------------------------,dq;fhzg;gl;lJ 7. ghlrhiy vd;gJ jdJ ----------------------------- ifaspfF; k; kj;jpa epiyakhf r%fj;jpdhy; cUthff; g;gl;l gpujhd epWtdkhFk;. 8. G+uz fiyj;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;j jk;ik mu;g;gzpj;Js;s Mrpupauf; spl; k; fy;tp fw;w khzth;fisf; nfhz;l ghlrhiyr; r%fj;jpdhy; ghlrhiyf;F ---------------------------- nry;thfF; fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. 9. r%f khw;wq;fspd; NghJ Vw;gLfpdw; rkepiyaw;wtw;iwj; jPh;g;gjd; Kf;fpa nghWg;G xg;gilff; g;gLtJ ehl;bd;----------------------------------- njhFjpf;fhFk;. 10. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapy; <LgLfpdw; Mrpupah;fspd; tfpghfj;jpd; kPJ nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; mzk; pa r%fk-; --------------------------------MFk;. (01ù10=10 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 64 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fepw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;FwpapDs; vOJf. 11. r%fkakhjy;(Socialization) njhlh;ghf kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd $w;W 1) egupilj; njhlh;GfSf;F tha;g;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jyhFk;. 2) jdJ r%f #oYf;F Vw;g tbtikjyhFk;. 3) ngw;Nwhh;fspd; tFg;gpd; ngWkjpia mwpKfQ; nra;jyhFk;. 4) Ezz; wpT kw;Wk; nkhop tpUj;jpf;F tha;g;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;JtjhFk.; (-----------) 12. fUfF; Lk;g Rw;whlypy; fhzKbahj mbg;gil ,ay;nghd;W 1) mq;fj;jth;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; gpizg;gpd; epiyahd jd;ik 2) FLk;gj;jpDs; RahjPdkhf nraw;gLtjw;F Kbjy;. 3) gy;NtW ebgq;FfspD}lhf mDgtq;fisg; ngw Kbjy;. 4) neUq;fpa cwTfSf;fplapyhd ghrj;ij kpf ed;whfczUjy;. (----------) 13. r%f tpQ;Qhd fzN; zhl;lj;jpd; gb jw;fhyj;jpy; mjpfk; gpugy;ak; mile;Jss; jdpahh; cjtp tFg;Gf;fspy; fhzg;gLk; Fiwghnlhd;W 1) fw;gpg;gjw;F tpupTiu Kiwia khj;jpuk; cgNahfpj;jy;. 2) khzth;fsplk; mjpf fll; zk; mwtply;. 3) Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l rl;ljpl;lq;fs;> rk;gpujhaq;fs; Mfpad ,y;yhkypUj;jy;. 4) khztupd; MSik tshr; ;rpf;F Vw;w xU nrad;Kiwahf ,y;yhjpUj;jy;. (----------) 14. ghlrhiyahdJ r%fj;jpdhy; xg;gilff; g;gl;l gzpia epiwNtw;w Kbahj epWtdkhf khwpAs;snjd ngUk;ghyhNdhhpdhy; Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gLtJ. 1) gulP ;irfspy; Fiwe;j rjtPjkhNdhh; rpj;jpailtijf; fhzKbtjhyhFk;. 2) r%f tpNuhj elj;ijfisg; gapw;Wtpf;Fk; ,lnkhd;whifahyhFk;. 3) khzth;ika fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfis cgNahfpf;fikahyhFk;. 4) r%f khw;wq;fSf;F rhh;ghf khw;wkilahjjyhFk;. (----------) 15. ,yq;ifapd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g 1998> 2000 Mk; MzL; fspy; ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fspd; gbKiwahtJ KiwNa> 1) Mq;fpy nkhop%yk; fw;gpj;jYk; ,lh; Kfhikj;Jt ghlj;ij mwpKQ; nra;jYk;. 2) njhopDl;g ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk; ,lh; Kfhikj;Jt ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk;. 3) ,lh; Kfhikj;Jtg; ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk; njhopDl;g ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk;. 4) Mq;fpy nkhop %yk; fy;tp toq;fYk; njhopDl;g ghlj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;jYk;. (--------) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 65 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

16. .cjtp Mrpupauhf epakdk; ngw;wth; jpU.gj;krpwp fy;tp epUthfg; guPl;irapy; rpj;jp mile;j gpdd; h; fy;tp mikr;rpy; gzpg;ghsh; gjtpf;F epakdk; ngw;whh.; ,J> 1) epiyf;Fj;J mirthFk.; 2) fpil mirthFk; 3) Nky; mirthFk;. 4) guk;giufSf;fpilapyhd mirthFk;. (----------) 17. tFg;giwapy; Mrpupa- khzt ,ilr; nraw;ghl;il rPuhd Kiwapy; Ngz vLf;ff; $ba kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd nraw;ghlhtJ? 1) vt;tpj flL; g;ghLkpdw; p khzthpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g nraw;gl ,lkspj;jyhFk;. 2) Xt;nthU khztidAk; jdpj;jdpahf ,ilj; njhlh;GfSf;F topg;gLj;jyhFk;. 3) jpwe;j rktaJf; FOf;fspd; fl;likg;nghd;W cUthFk; tpjkhf tFg;giwr; nraw;gLj;jyhFk;. 4) Mrpupah; jpdKk; khzth;fSld; RKfkhfg; NgRk; gof;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUj;jyhFk;. (-----------) 18. fyhrhuj;ij ,sk; guk;giuapdUf;f ifaspj;jy; njhlh;ghd rpwg;ghd gzp MrpupaUf;F toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J njhlh;ghf kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd $w;whtJ> 1) topfhl;LgtuhfTk; Kd;khjpupahdtuhfTk nraw;gLjy;. 2) MNyhrfuhfTk; xOq;fikg;ghsuhfTk; nraw;gLjy;. 3) epUkhzpg;gtuhfTk; trjp toq;FgtuhfTk; nraw;gLjy;. 4) xOf;fnewpfisg; ghJfhg;gtuhfTk; mwnewpfisg; NgZgtuhfTk; nraw;gly;. (-----------) 19. r%ftFg;Gf;fspd; nry;thff; pdhy; fy;tpapy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fis Fiwe;jsthf;f vLj;Jss; eltbfi; ffshtd> 1) fl;lhaf; fy;tpAk; Njrpa ghlrhiyfis epWTjYk;. 2) ghlrhiyfis muR ifNaw;wYk; kj;jpa tpj;jpahyq;fis Muk;gpj;jYk;. 3) ,ytrf;fy;tpAk; tpUk;gpa nkhop%yk; fw;Fk; tha;g;ig toq;FjYk;. 4) Kiwrhuh ghlnewpfis Muk;gpj;jYk; k`pe;Njhja Ma;T $lq;fis epWTjYk;. (-----------) 20. fLk; Mrpupah; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; fLk; rpukj;jpw;F Mshd mjpgh; xUtupdhy; ghlrhiy mike;Jss; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s cahj; uk; rpj;jpaile;Njhiu Mrpupa cjtpahshf; shf Nritapy; <LgLj;j Njitahd eltbfi; ffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. ,J> 1) ghlrhiyia r%fj;jplk; vLj;Jr; nry;tjhFk;. 2) rKjhaj;ijg; ghlrhiyf;Fs; nfhz;L tUtjhFk;. 3) rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; ghlrhiyf;Fk; ,ilNa njhlh;Gfisg; NgZtjhFk;. 4) njhopy; mw;NwhUf;F njhopy; tha;g;nghdi; w toq;FtjhFk;. (---------) (01ù10=10 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 66 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

 21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil jUf. 21.,ytrf;fy;tp eilKiwapYs;s NghJk; fy;tpapd; kJP ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fisf; fhzKbfpwJ. ,jw;F ,uzL; cjhuzq;fs; jUf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22.r%fg; gy;tifikf;F Vw;wthW fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia jpl;lkpl;Lr; nraw;gLj;Jk; NghJ xU Mrpupaupdhy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba ,uzL; tplaq;fis vOJf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23.r%fkakhjy; nrad;Kiwapd; FiwghLfs; fhuzkhf vOk; ,uzL; r%fg; gpur;rpidfisj; jUf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24.ghlrhiynahd;wpy; gytifahd FOkq;fisf; fhz KbAk;.mj;jifa Kiwrhuf; FOknkhd;Wf;F Ml;Nrh;j;jy; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l tpjj;jpYk; Vw;Wf;nfhss; g;gl;l rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;F Vw;gTk; eilngwkhl;lhJ.mt;thwhd Kiwrhuh FOknkhd;wpd; Xh; mq;fj;jth; ngWk; ,uz;L r%fj;jpwd;fis vOJf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25.,yq;ifapd; fy;tp kPJ G+Nfhskakhjypdhy; Vw;gl;Ls;s ,uzL; mD$yq;fis vOJf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26. xU ehl;bd; Njrpaf; fy;tpr; rPuj; pUj;jk; ntw;wpfukhfr; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJ xu; Mrpupah; vd;w tifapy; cq;fSf;F fpilfF; k; ,uz;L mD$yq;fis vOJf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27.tFg;giwapy; khzth;fspd; ,ilr; nraw;ghLfis tshg; ;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba ,uzL; fw;wy; El;g Kiwfis vOJf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 67 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

28. .,yq;ifapd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDs; khw;wkila Ntz;ba ,uz;L Jiwfis vOJf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29. Mrpupah; njhopyhdJ Vida ve;jnthU njhopypYk; ghh;f;f rpff; yhdJ. Mrpupaj; njhopypd; rpf;fyhd jd;ik gw;wp Gjpa Mrpupa khztiumwpTWj;Jk; jpirf;Nfhl;gLj;Jk; nraykh;nthd;wpd; NghJ typAWj;j Ntzb; a ,uz;L tplaq;fis vOJf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30. xh; Mrpupah; ghlrhiyf;F Gwkg; hf r%fj;jpy; nraw;gLj;j NeupLfpdw; ,uzL; tfpghfq;fSf;F cjhuzq;fs; jUf? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 68 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

tpdhj;jhs; II  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;j gl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fisNaDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02>04>06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp-Ⅰ 1. 19k; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFpapy; gpuhd;rpy; cUthd r%f tpQ;Qhdg; ghlj;jpy; 1960 Mk; Mzl; hFk; NghJ fy;tpr; r%ftpay; vd;w kw;nwhU JiwAk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;lJ. 1) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; vd;gjw;F nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fzk; xd;iw Kd;itf;Ff. 2) fy;tp r%ftpaiyf; fw;gjdhy; Xh; Mrpupah; milaf; $ba ehd;F jpwd;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 3) ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspf;Fk; NghJ Mrpupah; vd;w tifapy; eqP ;fs; gpdg; w;Wk; %d;W eilKiwfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 2. r%fkakhjypy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jfpd;w r%fkakhfF; k; myFfspy; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWtJ FLk;gkhFk;. 1) xU egh; r%fj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jg;ghlilAk; Muk;g ,uzL; KiwfisAk; ngahpLf? 2) r%fkakhff; p vd;w tifapy; FLk;gnkhd;wpd; ,ay;igj; jPh;khdpf;Fk; ehd;F fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 3) typikahd r%fkakhf;Fk; fhuzpahd FLk;gj;jpd; gzpfis kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; %d;W re;jh;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsfF; f. 3. etPd njhopEl;gk; >njhlh;ghly; Clfq;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;F Kd;Nd ghuk;gupa r%fkakhfF; k; fhuzpfs; Kf;fpakw;witahf khwp tUfpdw; d. 1) egiur; r%fkakhfF; tjpy; cjTk; typikkpf;f njhlh;ghly; Clfq;fs; ,uzi; lg; ngaupLf. 2) jw;fhy r%fj;jpy; r%fkhfF; k; Clfq;fs; %yk; Mw;wg;gLfpdw; ehd;F ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fis vOJf. 3) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ghjfkhd tpisTfis ,optsthf;f Mrpupah; vd;w tifapy; vLf;ff;$ba ehd;F eltbf;iffis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 4. “xU ehl;bd; fyhrhuj;jpy; ngsjpf> ngsjpfkw;w gpuTfspd; $lL; k; mtw;Wld; njhlh;Gila elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fSk; r%fj;jpy; cupikahf;fg;gl;l nkhopAk; mlq;Fk;.” 1) ngsjpf kw;Wk; ngsjpf fyhrhuj;Jld; gpize;j fyhrhuj;Njf;fk; vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf mwpKfg;gLj;Jf. 2) ehl;bd; fyhrhuk; khw;wkiltjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jfpd;w ,uzL; fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. 3) ghlrhiy fyhrhuj;ijf; ifaspf;Fk; epWtdk; vd;w ujP papy; gy;fyhrhuf; fy;tpiar; nrawgLj;j Xh; Mrpupahpdhy; vLf;ff; $ba ,uz;L eltbfi; ffis cjhzq;fSld; tpsfF; f N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 69 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

gFjp-Ⅱ 5. .ghlrhiyf;F gps;isfis toq;FtJk; ghlrhiyfspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaWk; gps;isfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJk; r%fkhFk;. mjd; %yk; ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlh;G efKk; rijAk; Nghd;W typikahfg; gpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1) ghlrhiyr; r%fk; vd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fzk; xd;W jUf. 2) jw;fhyg; ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa epyTk; njhlh;gpd; NghJ Vw;gLfpdw; gpur;rpidahd ,uz;L re;jh;g;gq;fis RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. 3) ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlh;ig tsh;f;fg; nghUj;jkhd %d;W nraw;jpl;lq;fisg; ngaupl;L mtw;Ws; xd;iwr; nraw;gLj;j gUkl;lhd jpl;lnkhd;iw mikf;f. 1) egh;fis xd;W Nrh;g;gjd; %yk; cUthff; g;gLfpdw; ,ilj;njhlh;G Kiw r%fkhFk;. 1) r%ff; FOkk; vd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tiutpyf;fznkhd;iw Kd;itf;Ff. 2) Kiwrhh; r%ff; FOknkhd;wpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpujhd ,uz;L ,ay;Gfis vOJf. 3) tFg;giwapy; Mrpupa-khzt njhlh;gpd; jd;ikiaj; jPh;khdpg;gjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; %d;W fhuzpfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 2) tFg;giwapy; xU khztd; kPJ Vida khzth;fs; fhl;Lk; tpUg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; me;epNahdd; pa njhlh;G gw;wp tpthpf;f r%fkhd Nrhjidfs; (Sociometric tests) ngupJk; cjTfpd;wd.tFg;giwapy; khzth; ,ilj; njhlh;ghly;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F r%fkhd Nrhjidapd; %yk; ngw;w juTfspd;gb jahupj;j r%fkhd tupg;glnkhd;iw fPNo fhz;fpd;wPhf; s; 1) Nkw;gb juTfspd;gb tFg;giwapYs;s r%fj;jhuifnahdi; wAk;(star) jdpikahdtiuAk;(isolate) ngaupLf. 2) Nkw;gb thpg;glj;jpdg; b jdJ tFg;giwapYs;s khzth;fisg; gw;wp Mrpupaupdhy; ntspg;gLj;jf;$ba ehd;F jfty;fisj; jUf. 3) r%fkhd Nrhjidnahd;wpd; %yk; ngw;w jfty;fisj; jdJ ghlrhiyapy; G+uz fiyj;jpl;lj;ijr; nraw;gLj;j tFg;Gg; nghWg;ghrpupaUf;F cjtpf;fhf nfhs;sf$; ba tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 70 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

8. “fy;tp vd;gJ r%fj;jpy; tFg;G NtWghLfis ,opthf;fp mirit Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w fhuzpnahd;whf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ”. 1) r%f mirT (Social mobility) vd;gijr; RUff; khf tpsfF; f. 2) ,d;W ,yq;ifapy; r%f mirT kPJ typikahf nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; ehd;F fhuzpfis vOJf. 3) fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwapd; %yk; r%f mirT Vw;gLk; tpjj;ij RUf;fkhf tpsfF; f. tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs;-Ⅰ 1. .ftpd; `l;]; epANfw;wd;> vkpy; Jh;ifk; 2. Kiwrhh; 3. gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; 4. nghJ 5. njhopy; Kz;zpiyg; ghlq;fs; 6. gj;jpupiffs;> rQ;rpiffs; 7. fyhrhuj;ij 8. Neh; kdg;ghq;F 9. fy;tp/ghlrhiy 10. tFg;giw 11. 2 12. 3 13. 4 14. 4 15. 1 16. 1 17. 3 18. 1 19. 2/3 20. 2 21. ghlj; njhFjpfisj; njupT nra;jy;. gps;isfis ghlrhiyf;F mDkjpg;gJk; njupT nra;tJk;. nkhop%yj; njupT cah; fy;tp tpuptiljy;. njhopy; tha;g;G mjpfupj;jy; N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 71 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

22. ghtid nkhopAk; ifahSk; nkhopAk; jukhd css; Pl;Lg; gad;ghL. rkepiy NgZjy;.(r%fg; gy;tifik NtWghbd;wp vy;yh khzth;fisAk; rkkhf kjpj;jy;.mjhtJ vy;yh khzth;fspw;Fk; rk cupikia toq;Fjy;. nghUj;jkhd MNyhrid toq;FjYk; topfhl;LjYk;. 23. jw;nfhiy Nghijg;nghUs; ghtidf;F mbikahjy;. r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J xJq;fp tho;jy;. r%fj;jpw;F vjpuhd nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhss; y;. ,isQh; tpuf;jp khzth; Nghuhl;lq;fs;. rpWth;> ngzf; s; J~;gpuNahfq;fs; Gupe;Jzh;tw;w Kuz;ghLfs;. 24. FOf;fspy; gq;Fgw;Wjy;. $l;lhfr; nraw;gLk; jd;ik Rje;jpukhfr; nraw;gLk; jd;ik. rthy;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ik. Xj;Jiog;Gj; jd;ik gu];gu ,zff; k;. jd;dhh;t Kidg;Gld; nraw;gly;. 25. ts tPz; tpuaj;ijf; Fiwj;jy;. gy tplaq;fisf; fw;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gk;.(nghJ mwptpid tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;syhk;.) ntspehl;Lf; fy;tp %yk; gy tplaq;fisg; ngWtjw;fhd tha;g;G.(vkJ ehl;by; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahj mwptpid ntspehl;bw;Fr; nrdW; fw;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;> fw;wYf;fhd Gyikg; guprpy; tha;g;Gf;fs;.) fy;tp Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhd jhkjq;fis ,optsthf;Fjy;. rh;tNjr juj;jpyhd mwptpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;. 26. jifikf;Nfw;w epakdKk; gjtp cau;Tk;. Njrpa ,lkhw;wf; nfhs;if mKy;gLj;jy;. Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd Mrpupah; gapw;rp toq;Fjy;. mwpthw;wiy ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;. 27. FOKiwf; fw;wy;. rfghbf; fw;wy;. Nrh;e;J fw;wy;. gq;FngWtjD}lhff; fw;wy;. ehlf Kiw. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 72 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

28. njhopEl;g khw;wk;. gy;fyhrhuj; jd;ikf;F Kfq; nfhLj;jy;. mdh;j;j Kfhikj;Jtk;. cyf kakhff; k;. fhyepiy khw;wk;. 29. Mrpupah; njhopy; rhh;ghd cs;thupahd gapw;rpAk; Kd;Ndw;wKk;. Kd; khjpupahd kdpjtsk;. jhkhf Kd; te;J r%fj;Jf;F Nritahw;Wk; gzG; . Mrpupah; Neh;ikahf Fwpj;j egh;fSf;F tpilaspj;jy;. gpur;rpidfis RKfkhfj; jPh;f;Fk; Mw;wy;. fw;gpfF; k; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g jk;ik ,w;iwg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.(mwpT> njhopDl;gk;> nkhopg; Gyik) 30. r%fj; jiyth;. FOj;jiyth; epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;jth;. jpl;lkplyhsh.; xOq;fikg;ghsh.; topfhl;b. rpwe;j Ngr;rhsh; Kfhikahsh.; MNyhrid $Wgth;. r%f Nritahsh.; njhopy; topfhl;Leh;. Kd;khjpupahf elg;gth;. gzg; hlL; mk;rq;fisg; Ngzpg; ghJfg;gth; tpdhj;jhs;-11 01. gFjp-1 1) fy;tpf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd gpizg;igf; fhl;Lk; tifapy; mikAk;. mjhtJ ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd gpizg;ig typAWj;Jk; tifapy; nraw;ghLfis cs;slff; p mikAk; eilKiwfshFk;. fy;tpr; nrad;Kiw njhlh;ghf mjDld; njhlh;Ggl;l r%fr; nrad;Kiwfis nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; ,ay; my;yJ Jiw MFk;. fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwapd; jd;ikfs;> ,ay;Gfs;>elj;ijfs; vd;gtw;iw r%fj;jpDila ,ay;GfNshL ikag;gLj;jp MuhAk; ,ay; fy;tpr; r%ftpay; MFk;. 2) r%ff; FOf;fis milahsk; fhZjy;. fy;tp r%fr; nraw;ghLfs; vd;gtw;iw ,izj;jy;. r%fj;jpd; juj;ij NgZtjw;fhd nraw;ghLfs; khzth; nraw;ghLfs; khzth; rhh;ghf / r%fk; rhh;ghf / epWtdk; rhh;ghf r%fj;jpd; fy;tpj; Njit /juj;ijg; NgZtjw;F. jdpj; jdpr; nraw;ghLfis milahsg;gLj;jy;. r%fr; nraw;jpwdpy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jy;. khzt rKjhaj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; jpwd;. xU r%fkakhjy; #oypidj; Njhw;Wtpj;jy;. r%fg; gpur;rpidfs;> r%fkhw;wk; njhlh;ghd tpsff; k; ngWjy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 73 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

3) rpwe;j topfhl;Lgtuhf. nghUj;jkhd Kd;khjpupAs;stuhf. Neh;j;jpahd cilaikg;G xOf;fkhf elj;jy;. Mrpupa elj;ijf;Fhpa gzi; g ntspf;fhl;Lguhf (r%fj;jpd; cwTf;fhf) r%f xOff; tpay; Nfhl;ghl;il Nkk;gLj;j . fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf fyhrhuj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gtjw;fhf mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisAk; ngupNahh;fspd; fUj;Jff; isAk; gfph;e;J nfhs;sy;. 02. 1)r%fj;jpw;F Vw;gilatuhf /r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;gtuhf khWk; nrayhFk;. Kiwrhh; tifapyhd nraw;ghLfs;. Kiwrhuh/Kiwapy; tifapyhd nraw;ghLfs;. 2),aw;ifahd FLk;gj;jpd; gz;Gfshf - FLk;gj;jpd; fl;likg;G. - FLk;gj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs;. -r%f tFg;Gf;fs;. - r%fj;jpd; Vw;Fk; ,ay;Gfs;. - fy;tpapd; ju kl;lq;fs;. - cs; thupahd cwTfs;. -nghUshjhu epiyikfs;. 3) FLk;g cwT gzpiaf; flLg;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfshf - r%f mirtpd; jhff; q;fs;.(rpWth; eyd;Gup epiyak; guhkhpg;G epiyaq;fs;> rpWth; ,y;yq;fs;> ghlrhiyfs;> tpisahl;L fofq;fs;> gpuj;jpNaf tFg;Gf;fs); jha; je;ijapd; ,lkhw;wk;. - jhapd; njhopy; tha;g;Gff; s; - jhapd; ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gff; s;. - rpWth;fs; gapw;wg;glhjth;fshy; topelj;jg;gly;. - ngw;NwhUf;F ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghLfs;. 03. 1) typik kpf;f Clfq;fshf ,yj;jpudpay; Clfk; ntspaPl;L Clfk; njhiyf;fhl;rp Gjpdg;gj;jpupif. thndhyp rQ;rpif. ,izak;. ntspalP ;lhsh;. fzdp Gj;jfq;fs;. rpdpkh. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 74 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

2)- Nghijg; nghUSf;F mbikahjy;. -ghypay; J~;gpuNahfk;. -Fw;wtpay; nraw;ghl;L czh;Tfs.; -Gus;thd elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fs;. -kdf; Fog;gq;fs; nraw;gly;. -tPzhf Neuj;ijf; fopj;jy;. -Kiwaw;w eil>cil ghtidfs;. - Kfg; Gj;jfj;jpy; mjpf Neuj;ijr; nrytpLjy;. -kw;wth;fspd; ,ufrpaq;fis mth;fSf;Fj; njupahky; ghh;j;jy;. 3)- r%f khw;wk; njhlh;ghd njspthd tpguzj;ijf; fhl;Ljy;. -kPl;rp ngWtjw;fhd rupahd jpl;lkpliy toq;Fjy;. - r%fj;jpd; fyhrhug; gzg; hlL; tpOkpaq;fis epahag;gLj;jy;. -Nkk;ghl;L ujP pahf nraw;gLtJk; tpidahw;wYs;s tifapy; Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jYk;. -,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;- mwpthw;wiy Nkk;gLj;Jk; Kiwfisf; fhlL; jy;. -tpopg;Gzh;T Cl;Ltjw;fhf $l;lq;fs;> fUj;juq;Ffs; elhj;Jjy;. - gj;jpupiffspy; Gjpa Mf;fq;fis gpuRupf;f Vw;ghL nra;jy;. -khzth;fspd; jdpgg; l;l Mw;wy;fis ,dq;fz;L mtw;wpy; mth;fsJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jj; J}zL; jy; Ntz;Lk;. 04. 1)nraw;ghLfspy; nghUs; rhh;e;j rhuhj eilKiwfis kdpj r%fj;jpd; fyhrhuj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. fyhrhunkhd;wpy rpy fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; khwhJ epyTjy; fyhrhuj; Njf;fk; MFk;. vg;nghOJk; ngsjpfk; rhh;e;j fyhrhuk; Ntfkhf Kd;NdWk; ngsjpfkw;w fyhrhuk; kpff; FiwthfNt Kd;Ndwpr; nry;Yk;. ,it ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gll; khw;wk; fyhrhu Njf;fk; vdg;gLk;. 2)- nghUs; rhh;e;j Rw;whly; -r%fk; rhh;e;j Rw;whly;. my;yJ -nghUs; rhh;e;j mikg;G. - ,aw;ifahd td mikg;G. -r%fj;jpd; nghUshjhu epiy. -njhlh;ghly; Kiwfs;. - r%f cwT Kiwfs;. - tuyhw;W hPjpahd nraw;ghLfSk; mDgtq;fSk;. - Gjpa njhopDl;g rhjdq;fs;. - murpay; fhuzpfs;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 75 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

3) – vjph;fhyk; Nehf;fpa rpwe;j Mf;fq;fisr; nraw;gLj;jy;. -cst; hupahd njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; r%fj;jpd; xOf;ftpay; r%f mikg;Gf;fis gpdg; w;wj; J}zL; jy;. -gy;tifahd fyhrhuj;ijAk; khzth;fis rkkhf nraw;gLj;Jk; epiyiaAk; cUthfF; jy;. -ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; css; lq;Fk; tifapy; gy;fyhrhug; gzG; fisg; gpdg; w;Wjy;. NtWgl;l r%ff; FOf;fspd; kdpj cupikfisg; NgZjYk; kjpj;J elj;jYk;. gFjp- II 05. 01) r%fj;jpd; ,isa r%ff; $l;lj;ij mr; r%fj;jpd; fyhrhuk; kw;Wk; gzg; hLfSld; vjph;fhy mwpthw;wy;fSf;Nfw;g topg;gLj;Jk; xU epWtdkhfk;. ve;j xU r%fj;jpdJk; gz;ghLfis Kiwrhh; ujP papy; ,sk; re;jjpapdUf;F ifaspf;Fk; epWtdk;. 02) – ghlrhiy r%fj;jpd; nray;fis Vw;fhj NghJ - r%fj;jpd; Njitfis ghlrhiy epiwT nra;ahj NghJ - r%f eilKiw> ghlrhiy eilKiwfs; vd;gd NtWgl;l jpirapy; nry;Yk; NghJ - ghlrhiyf;F tshf; pdw; r%fk; xj;Jiof;fhj NghJ - eph;thfpfSf;fpilNa Kuz;ghl;Lg; Nghf;F fhzg;gLk; NghJ - tsq;fs; rupahfg; gfpug;glhik. 03) – r%f> ghlrhiy ,izTr; nraw;wpll; q;fs;. - ghlrhiy> r%fj;jpw;F Njit mbg;gilapyhd nraw;wpll; q;fs;(r%fj;jpd; tpohff; isf; nfhz;lhLjy;.) -rpukjhdr; nraw;ghLfs;. - r%f epfo;r;rpfs;(ehl;Lf;$j;J> nghq;fy; tpoh Nghdw; d) - khiy Neug; ghlrhiy(Nkyjpf tFg;Gf;fs;) -r%fj;jpd; cly; cs jifikfSf;f cjTjy;. - r%fj;jpy; epfOk; epfo;tpw;F ghlrhiy khzth;fisg; gq;Fgw;wr; nra;jy;. 06. 01) jkJ Nehfi; f mile;J nfhs;s ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;lth;fis Nfhl;ghl;bw;F mika ,izj;J gzpahw;Wk; nrayhFk;. rKjhak; vd;w FOTf;Fk; nghJkf;fs; vd;w FOtpw;Fk; ,ilg;gll; FOthf ,Ug;gJ. 02) – rl;ljpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. - ,ay;ghd mjpfhug; Nghf;F fhzg;gLjy;. - nghWg;gf;fSk; mjpfhuq;fSk; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. -Kiwahd njhlh;ghly; Kiw fhzg;gLjy;. - ,yf;Ffis milAk; Nehf;fpy; jpl;lkpl;l nraw;ghLfs;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 76 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

03) – Mrpupah; khzth; cwit tYg;gLj;Jk; rl;l rk;gpujha G+ht; khd Tplaq;fs;. -Mrpupaupd; jiyikj;Jtg; gzG; . -Mrpupaupd; mZFKiwAk; mtuJ Njhw;wKk;. - Mrpupaupd; Fuy; njhdp. -Mrpupaupd; fw;gpj;jy; ghzp. -Mrpupah; gw;wpa khzth;fspd; kdg;ghq;F 07. 01) r%fj;jhuif- mkpj; jdpikahdth;- fRd; > gpay;. 02) – cWjpahd Mspilj; njhlh;ghlypd; jd;ik. - gu];guj; njhlh;ghlYf;fhfj; njupT nra;ag;gLk; eghf; s; ahh; ahh; vd;gJ> - Kuz;ghlhd njupTj; jd;ik vJ vd;gJ. - jdJ FOtpy; ahiu Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sy; vd;gij mwpjy;. - jdpahs; Kd;Dupikfs.; -ahh; czi; kahd r%fj; jhuif vd;gij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mwpjy;. ahh; r%fj;jpy; jdpikahdth; vd;gij mwpjy;. 08. 01) r%f mirT r%f tFg;Gf;fs; r%fg; gilahf;fkhf khw;wk; ngWtNj r%f mirT MFk;. mjhtJ xU r%fg; gilahf;fk; gpwpnjhU r%fg; gilahf;fkhf ef;e;J nry;tJ r%f mirT MFk;. xU Fwpj;j egh; Fwpj;j xU r%f epiyfspy; ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU r%f epiyf;Fr; nry;tJ. 02) – fy;tp - njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fs; - Gjpa murpay; Nghf;F - nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;. -ehL KOtjw;Fkhf xNu murpay; rpe;jid. -mur cjtpfs;- nspehl;L cjtpfs;. - ,izak;/ njhlh;G rhjdq;fs;. - tpQ;QhdKk; njhopy;El;gKk;. - efukakhff; k;. - Aj;jk;. 03) – cah; gjtpfSf;F epakdk; nra;ag;gly;. - cah; gjtpfSf;fhd Ntiyfisr; nra;tjw;fhd kdg;ghq;Filatuhf jk;ik khw;wp gof;fg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy;. -njhlh; fy;tpapd; %yk; Fwpj;j r%fj;jpid Nkd;epiy milar; nra;J mjid cah; epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yjy;. - midtUf;fk; fy;tp N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 77 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3737 V.Keerthana

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; gulP ;ir – 2012 (2013) (02) fy;tp r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; 1  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhff; spy; jug;gl;Ls;s xtn; thU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy ,l;L G+uzg;gLj;Jf. 1. xU gps;is r%fkakhFk; NghJ kdntOr;rp mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf ghlrhiyapYk; $Ljyhf …………………….Clhfg; ngWk; nry;thfF; typikahdJ. 2. FLk;gj;ij ikakhff;nfhz;l FWfpa ghu;itf; Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfp tpupthd r%f ghu;itf; Nfhzj;jpy;r%fj;ij NehfF; tjw;F …………………….egUf;F topfhl;LfpwJ. 3. tFg;giwapYs;s r%fj;jhuiffs; kw;Wk; r%f jdpg;gll; tu;fs; my;yJ xJq;fpapUg;gtu;fis ,dq;fhz Xu; Mrpupaupdhy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba r%f …………………………. KiwahFk;. 4. ghlrhiynahd;wpd; epUthf fll; ikg;ig vt;tsT ed;whf xOq;fikj;j NghjpYk; mjidr; nraw;gLj;Jk; fl;lj;jpy; ghlrhiy r%fj;JlDk; …………………………. ,zf;fkhd njhlu;Gfs; Ngzg;glhjpUg;gpd; ahTk; Njhy;tpailAk;. 5. fyhrhunkhd;wpDs; rpy fyhrhu mk;rq;fs; khwhJ epyTjy; fyhrhu …………………….. vd khdpltpay; tpQQ; hdpfs; mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. 6. tFg;giwnahd;wpd; ,ilj;njhlu;GfSf;Fk;> fUj;Jg; gupkhwy;fSf;Fk; than; khop %yj;ijg; Nghd;Nw ……………………….. njhlu;ghly; KiwfSk; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. 7. xU ehl;bd; r%f khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;g Kiwrhu; fy;tp khw;wkilaNtz;ba tpjj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; ……………………………. ruP ;jpUj;jq;fshFk;. 8. xU ehl;bd; fyhrhuq;fs; rpy cs;s NghJ me;ehl;bDs; nraw;glNtz;baJ ……………………………….. MFk;. 9. Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; ……………………………. FOkq;fs; gps;isfspd; fy;tp kPJ Neuhd Kiwapy; Nghd;Nw vjpu;kiwahd KiwapYk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;j KbAk;. 10. r%ff;FOnthd;wplKs;s nghUshjhu rf;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; xU r%fj;jpd; egu;fisg; gpupg;gJ ……………………………… %ykhFk;. (01 × 10 = 10Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 78 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; vOJf. 11. ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w vy;yhf; fw;wy; mDgtq;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk; fiyj;jpl;lk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 1) Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuh fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk; mDgtq;fisAk;. 2) Kiwrhu; kw;Wk; kiw fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;Fk; vy;yh mDgtq;fisAk;. 3) Kiwrhu; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Nkyjpfkhf cyfpd; gy;NtW jfty;fs; gw;wpa mDgtq;fSk;. 4) Kiwrhu;>Kiwrhuh Kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lq;fspy; mlq;Fk; vy;yh mDgtq;fSk;. (……………) 12. r%fnkhd;wpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;Ws;s vy;yh mq;fj;jtuf; spdJk; tpOkpaq;fs; mwnewpfs; kdg;ghq;Ffs; nkhop Mil mzpfs; ve;j Xu; mk;rj;jpYk; my;yJ mit ahtw;wpYk; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fis miog;gJ. 1) ehl;bd; fyhrhu khw;wnkhd;nwd. 2) r%f gilaikg;gpd; khw;wnkhd;nwd. 3) r%f tFg;G mbg;gilapyhd ,ay;gpd; khw;wnkhd;nwd. 4) ehl;bd; r%f mwnewpfs; khw;wnkhd;nwd. (……………) 13. xU ehl;bd; nghJthd fyhrhuj;jpDs; tho;e;jthW jkf;Nf rpwg;ghd NtW tifapyhd tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;Jld; $ba kf;fs; gpuptpdiu r%ftpay; ujP pahf 1)r%f tFg;ngd miof;fg;gLk;. 2) ,ilg;guk;giu mirTvdmiof;fg;gLk;. 3)Jizf;fyhrhunkd miof;fg;gLk;. 4) gy;fyhrhuk; vd miof;fg;gLk;. (……………) 14. xU gps;is r%fkakhd tsu;e;Njhuhtjw;F kpf typikahfr; nraw;gLk; Muk;g r%fkakhff; y; fhuzpahtJ 1)FLk;gk;> ghlrhiy> rpW tpisahl;Lf;FOf;fs; 2)FLk;gk;> el;Gf;FOf;fs;> rpWtpisahl;Lf;FOf;fs; 3)FLk;gk;> ghlrhiy> el;Gf;FOf;fs; 4)FLk;gk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> el;Gf;FOf;fs; (……………) 15. Kiwrhu; ghlrhiyapd; mz;kpa r%fkhf miof;fg;gLtJ. 1)khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> gioakhztu;fs; 2)khztu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;> mjpgu; 3)khztu;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfs; 4)khztu;fs;> mjpgu;> ngw;Nwhu;fs; (……………) 16. ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;gpd; NghJ r%fj;ijg; ghlrhiyf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf gadg; Lj;jf;$ba kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd xU nraw;ghL 1) r%fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ghlrhiyapd; tsq;fis toq;FtjhFk;. 2) r%fj;jpYs;s gy;NtW mwpTfs;> jpwd;fs;> tsq;fs; Mfpatw;iw ghlrhiyf;F toq;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;jyhFk;. 3) r%fj;jpw;fhfg; ghLgl Ntz;Lnkd khztu;fSfF; fw;gpg;gjhFk;. 4) ghlrhiyapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jdJ nghWg;igg; gw;wp r%fj;jpw;F mwpTWj;JtjhFk;. (……………) N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 79 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

17.“ fy;tp Kiwikapd; %yk; vk;khy; jahu;g;gLj;j Ntz;baJ ehk; mwpahj Xu; cyfpw;F egu;fis nghUj;jg;ghlilar; nra;jyhFk;.“ ,f;$w;wpd; fUj;jhtJ. 1)fy;tpapd; %yk; ,Jtiu fz;lwpahj mfpyj;ij Njbaha;tjw;F gps;isia jahu;g;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. 2)fy;tpapd; %yk; mwpahj cyifg; gw;wp gps;isf;F nrhy;ypf;nfhLg;gjhFk;. 3)fy;tpapd; %yk; vjpu;fhycyfpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd egu;fis cUthf;FtjhFk;. 4)fy;tpapd; %yk; NtW cyfq;fspy; tho;tjw;F egu;fis topg;gLj;JjyhFk;. (……………) 18. gapw;rpngWk; gapYdu; Mrpupau; xUtupdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;l gpd;tUk; nraw;wpll; q;fSs; ghlrhiyr; nraw;wpll; khdJ. 1)khztupd; ngw;Nwhupw;F khztu; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;ifia thue;NjhWk; mDg;Gtjw;F Gjpa khjpupg; gbtnkhd;iwj; jahupg;gjhFk;. 2)ghlrhiyf;F vjpupYs;s gpujhd ghijapy; khztu;fs; ghijiaf; flg;gjw;F kQ;Ql;Nfhl;il tiutjhFk;. 3)tFg;giwapy;khztu;fspd; Mf;fq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;j fhl;rpg;gyifnahd;iw mikg;gjhFk;. 4)ngw;Nwhupd; xj;jhirAld; ghlrhiyapy; FbePu; toq;Fk; Kiwnahd;iwr; nraw;gLj;JtjhFk;. (……………) 19.khdpl epyTifapd; vy;yh mk;rq;fspd; kPJk; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; cyfkakhjy; %yk; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w gykhd mD$ykhtJ> 1)ehl;bd; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp Jupjkiljy;. 2)mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfSf;F mjpfsthd tsq;fis EfuKbjy;. 3)ntspehl;L cjtpapd; %yk; khj;jpuk; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpia vjpu;ghu;g;gjhFk;. 4)rkepiyaw;w fw;Nwhupd; ntspNaw;wj;jpw;F topNfhYjy;. (……………) 20.r%fkakhff; y; vd;gJ egiu jdJ Rw;whlypd; r%fr; #oypw;F Vw;wthW tbtikg;gjhFk;. ,f;$w;iw ntspap;ll; tu;. 1)fhus; ;khu;f;]; 2)N`gu;l; ];ngdr; u; 3)mf;]up nfhkpb 4)vkpy; Nlu;i`k; (……………)  21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil jUf. 21. r%fkakhfF; k; nraw;ghL edT epiyiag; Nghd;Nw edtyp epiyiaf; nfhz;lJ. ,t;tpuz;L epiyfisAk; tpsfF; f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. epiyf;Fj;J r%f mirT fhuzkhf egupd; r%f epiyapy; Vw;glf;$ba gpujhd khw;wq;fs; ,uz;il vOJf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. Nghyrn; ra;Ak; khjpupnahd;whf nraw;gLk; Mrpupau; jkJ tFg;giw khztu;fis r%fkakhff; g; gadg; Lj;jf;$ba ,uz;L fUtpfis Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 80 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

24. gy;fyhrhuf; fy;tp Kiwiknahd;W nraw;glhikahy; gy;tif r%fnkhd;wpy; Vw;glf;$ba r%fg;gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25. xNu tifia my;yJ Njrpaj;ijf; nfhz;l r%fnkhd;wpYk; r%fg; gilahf;fj;jpd; %yk; egu;fs; NtWgLj;jYf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLthu;.Nkw;Fwpj;j NtWgLj;jy; gpujpgypff; pd;w ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26. GJKf Mrpupau; xUtu; jdJ Kjy; epakd ghlrhiyapy; fy;tpr;r%ftpay; ghlj;ijf; fw;wjd; %yk; jhd; ngw;w mDgtj;ij gadg; Lj;jf;$ba ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fis vLj;Jff; hl;Lf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27. ghlrhiyapy; fw;wy; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; epiwNtwhik vd;w fhuzj;ijj; jtpu ,sk;taJ khztu; jdpahu; tFg;Gf;fspw;F nry;tjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;jpAs;s ,uz;L fhuzq;fis Kdi; tfF; f. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28. Mz; ngz; r%f epiyf;F ,iaghf nraw;gLk; jpwd; khztUs; tsu;ff; ghlg;nghWg;ghrpupau; xUtupdhy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba eilKiwfs; ,uz;il Kd;nkhopf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29. FOf;fw;wy; %yk; khztuplk; tsu;f;ff$; ba Kf;fpa r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30. Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;iwj; jahupg;gjd; %yk; ve;j xU ehLk; epiwNtw;wpf;nfhss; vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; r%f vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 81 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

(02) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅱ  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fNsapDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02,04,06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg gFjp I 1) egnuhUtu; rKjhaj;jpy; nraYhff; Ks;s eguhf khWtJ r%fkakhfF; k; nraypDhlhfthFk;. i) egu; xUtu; jdJ r%f elj;ijfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhsS; k; gpujhd Kiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; egiu r%fkakhf;Fk; nraw;ghl;by; Vw;gLj;Jk; rhjfkhdJk;> ghjfkhdJkhd nry;thfF; fs; ,uz;L tjP k; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; %yk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fis ,optsthff; tFg;ghrpupau; vd;wtifapy; euP ; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 2) fyhrhuj;ij ,sk;guk;giuapdUf;F ifaspj;jypd; NghJ ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Kff; pa ,lk; cupj;jhfpd;wJ. i) ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDhlhf khztUf;F toq;ff;$ba fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) ve;j xU r%fj;jpdJk; fyhrhu khw;wq;fspd; kPJ nry;thfF; nrYj;jf;$ba ehd;F fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Kiwapy;(mwnewp) fiyj;jpl;lj;jpDhlhf fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fisf; ifaspf;ff;$ba %d;W re;ju;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fisj;jeJ; tpsf;Ff. 3) ghlrhiy xU Kiwrhuh xOq;fikg;ghapDk; mjpYs;s Kiwrhuhf; FOf;fspd; nry;thf;F gykhdJ. i) ghlrhiyapYs;s Kiwrhuh xOq;fikg;Gfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) ghlrhiynahd;wpy; Kiwrhuh r%fq;fspdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjf ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fs; ,t;tpuz;L tjP k; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ghjfkhd tpisTfis ,optsthff; tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w ujP papy; cq;fspdhy; nraw;gLj;jf;$ba %d;W eilKiwfis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 4) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpy; gu];gu nfsutj;ijAk; el;igAk; tsu;g;gjw;fhf Njrpa fy;tpf;nfhsi; fnahd;iw nraw;gLj;JtJ kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. i) r%fnkhd;wpy; gy;tifik Vw;gLtijg; gpujpgypfF; k; ,ay;Gfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpy; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;W ,Uj;jy; Kf;fpakhf miktJ vd;d fhuzq;fspdhy; vd tpsf;f ehd;F tplaq;fisj; jUf. iii) ,yq;ifapy; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifnahd;iwj; jahupf;Fk; NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhss; Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 82 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

gFjp II 5) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfkhdJ ehl;by; gps;isfspd; ghJfhg;igg; Nghd;Nw mtu;fsJ tho;f;ifia elhj;Jtjw;Fk; ngUk; mr;RWj;jyhf miktJ. i) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff. ii) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshff;$ba re;ju;g;gq;fisAk;mjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;jf;$ba egu;fs; ahu; vd;gijAk; ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs; je;J tpsf;Ff. iii) rpWtu; J\\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshtij ,optsthf;f tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ePq;fs; gadg; Lj;JK; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 6) r%f khw;wq;fs; fy;tpapDhlhfg; gpujpgypf;fg;gLjy; kpff; fl;lhakhdjhFk;. i) r%fj;jpd; khWe;jd;ik vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) r%fkhw;wq;fspd; NghJ ehl;bd; fy;tpAk; khw;wkiljy; mtrpak; vd;gjw;F ehd;F fhuzq;fis Kd;itfF; f. iii) jw;fhyj;jpdJk;> vjpu;fhyj;jpdJk; khw;wq;fspw;F Vw;g Mrpupa tfpghfk; khw;wkila Ntz;ba tpjj;ij %d;W cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. 7) “rKjha gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; njhlu;ghd jpwd;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jy; Muk;gpff; g;glNtz;baJ tFg;giwapDhlhfthFk;.” i) tFg;giwapy; rKjhag;gy;tifik fhzg;gLfpd;wnjd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jf;$ba fhuzq;fs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) rKjhag; gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; jpwd;fspy; Nju;r;rpailar; nra;ahikahy; rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gpur;rpidfs; ,uz;il Kd;itff; . iii) rKjhag; gy;tifikf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; jpwd;fis khztuplk; Vw;gLj;j tFg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; eqP ;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 8) khztuplk; r%fj;njhlu;Gfis tsu;g;gjw;fhf rfghbfs; fw;wy; Kiw kpfTk; gaDs;sJ. i) rfghbfs; fw;wy; Kiw vd;gij RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) rfghbfs; fw;wy;Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; khztuplk; tsu;f;ff$; ba r%fj;jpwd;fs; ehd;if Kdi; tff; . iii) ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLk; NghJ nraw;ghl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l 5E khjpupAU my;yJ Nehff; j;ij mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l khjpupAU Mfpa ,uz;by; xdi; wj; Nju;e;njLj;J NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpwd;fs; ,uz;il tsuf; ;Fk; tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; tpsfF; f. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 83 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; I 1. FLk;gk; 11. 04 2. rktaJf;FO 12. 01 3. r%fkakhd Nrhjid 13. 03 4. gu];gu 14. 02 5. Njf;fk; 15. 01 6. irif/cly; 16. 02 7. fy;tp/fiyj;jpl;lk; 17. 03 8. fy;tp Kiwik 18. 02 9. Kiwrhuh 19. 01 10. tu;f;fk;/tFg;G 20. 04 21. edT epiy : jdpahs;, FOf;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; njhlu;G nfhs;tjd; %yk; khw;wpaikj;jy;. ( nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jy;, topfhl;Ljy;) edtpyp epiy : jdpahs; Vidatuf; Sld; njhlu;G nfhs;tjd; %yk; jd;id xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;. (,iaghf;fkiljy;) 22. cau; njhopiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;. tUkhdk; cau;tiljy;. r%f mq;fPfhuk; fpilj;jy;. cau;e;j vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; fhzg;gly;. 23. [dehaf eilKiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wk; jiyikj;Jt Kiwik/ ghzpiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;. Mrpupaupd; Ngr;R, eil, cil,ghtiz (MrpupauJ Ngr;R eil> cil> ghtiz Neu;j;jpahdJk;>jpUg;jpaspf;ff;$bajhf mikAk; re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; khztu; mjidg; gpd;gw;w vj;jdpg;gu;.) Mrpupau-; khztu;, khztu;-khztu; ,iltpid cwit rpwg;ghf Nkw;nfhss; y;. 24. Vida r%ff; FOf;fspd; /Njitfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;shik. rpWghd;ik r%fk; njhlh;gpy; vjpuhd kdg;ghq;F, kdntOr;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jjy;.(rpWghd;ik r%f cupikfis kjpf;fhik> ) r%f td;Kiwfspy; <Lgly;.(Nfhapy;fis ,bj;jy;) r%fq;fSf;fpilapyhd xj;Jiog;G Fiwtiljy;.(xt;nthU r%fKk; jdJ r%fj;ij khj;jpuk; ikag;gLj;jp Raeyg;ghq;fpy; nraw;gly;.) cg fyhrhuq;fis kjpf;fhik. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 84 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

25. tug;gpurhjq;fs;> rYiffs; ngwg;gly;. njhopYf;Nfw;g r%f me;j];J NtWgLjy;.(cau; njhopiyg; ngw;wpUg;Nghu; kupahijf;FupatuhfTk;> rhjhuz njhopypypUg;Nghu; kupahij Fd;wpatuhfTk; fzpf;fg;gLjy;.) Nky; tFg;gpdu; kj;jpaju> jho; nghUshjhuj;jpYs;Nshiu mbikj;jdkhff; y; r%fj;jpy; nry;thfF; r;nrYj;Jk; jd;ik, gyk;, tFg;Gf;fSfF; Vw;g NtWgly;. 26. ghlrhiyapd; mfr;#oiyAk;> Gwr;#oiyAk; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;. fy;tp eltbfi; ffspw;F rhjfkhdjhfg; gzd;Lj;jy;. tFg;giwapy; Kiwahd r%fj; njhlu;Gfisg; Ngzy;. khztu;fspd; ngw;NwhUld; ey;Ywitg; Ngzy;. gpur;rpid jPu;f;Fk; Mw;wiyg; ngwy;. Kdk; hjpupahf elj;jy;. 27. FLk;gk;>ghlrhiyapy; ngwKbahj Rje;jpuj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;. xj;j tajpdu; xd;WNru tha;Gf;fs; nfhLj;jy;. vjpu;ghyhUld; neUf;fkhd njhlu;Gfisg; Ngzf$; bajhftpUj;jy;. xOq;F tpjpfspy; nefpo;rr; pj;jdi; k fhzg;gly;.(,sk;tajpdu; ,Wf;fkhd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; ,Uf;f tpUk;ghik.) 28. FOr; nraw;ghLfspy; Mz;fs; ngz;fs; ,izeJ; nrayhw;w ,lkspj;jy;.(ghy; ujP pahd Ntw;Wik/ jaf;fkpd;wp ,ayg; hf NgRk; jpwid tsu;j;jy;.) Mz; ngz; ,UtUf;Fk; rkkhd nghWg;Gf;fis toq;Fjy;. ghlr;nraw;ghLfspD}lhf Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkkhdtu;fs; vd;gij Vw;fr; nra;jy;.(Mz;> ngz; rkj;Jtj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jy;.) Mz; ngz; gu];guk; kjpj;J Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; epiyikfis cUthf;Fjy;. 29. Gu]g; u Gupe;Jzu;T xj;Jiog;G cjtpaspj;jy;. Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy; Nehff; j;ij ,yFthf milar; nra;jy;.($lL; Kaw;rp %yk; Fwpj;j Nehff; j;ij tpiuthfTk; jpUg;jpfukhfTk; milar; nra;jy;.) 30. rfy gpui[fSf;Fk; ,yFthff; fpilff; f;$bathW nraw;ghLfisj; jpl;lkpl;Lr; nrayhw;Wjy;. NtWgl;l gpuptpdupd; tpNrl NjitfisAk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L nghJ ,yf;if milaf;$ba Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpid ,dq;fhzYk; gad;gLj;JjYk;. ehl;bd; nghJ ,yf;F> r%f > nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpia ikakhff;nfhz;l fiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;jy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 85 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

tpdhj;jhs; II gFjp I 01. 1) gpd;gw;WjTk; Nghyr;nra;jYk;. Nghjid nra;jy; gupRk; jz;lidAk; Kdk; hjpup; mwpTiu $wy; 2) rhjfkhd nry;thf;Ffs; : - Gjpa jfty;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;. - njhlu;ghliy tpupTgLj;jy;. - Xa;T Neuj;ij gpd;gw;Wjy;. - fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g jk;ik nkUFgLj;jy;. - gy;fyhrhu Kiwfis mwpjy;. - vkf;fhd Njitfis ehNk G+u;j;jp nra;af;$bajhapUj;jy;. - Gjpa njhopy;El;g mwpitg; ngw;Wf;nfhss; y;. ghjfkhd nry;thfF; fs; - Mspilj; njhlu;Gfspd; gyk; Jz;bff; g;gly;.(r%fj; njhlu;Gfs; Fiwtiljy;) - r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj elj;ijfSf;F ,lkspj;jy;. - nghUj;jkw;w r%fj; njhlu;G - Fw;wr; nray;fspy; <LgLjy;. - FLk;gj;jplkpUe;J JhutpyfpapUj;jy;. - Vkhw;Wr; nraw;ghl;bw;F css; hjy;.(Nghypahdij ek;gp VkhWjy;.) - Neuk; tzP bf;fg;gly;. 3) -gps;isfSld; fye;Jiuahb rhjf ghjf nry;thfF; fs; gw;wpa njspit tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jjy;. - rupahd Clfj;ij njupT nra;a cjTjy;. - Mf;fr; rpe;jid gilg;Gf;fs; tpUj;jpailaf;$ba nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;jy;. - tpku;rd rpe;jidia tsu;j;jy;. - rkNahrpjkhd mwpTld; nray;gl toptFj;jy;. - jw;fhy r%fg; Nghf;Ffs; gw;wpa njspthd tpsf;fj;ij toq;fy;. - cz;ikf;Fk;> Nghypf;Fk; ,ilayhd tpj;jpahrj;ij njspTgLj;jy;. - ngw;NwhUf;F njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;it vLj;Jf$; wy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 86 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

02. 1) - Kjpatu;fis kjpj;jy;. - tsq;fis ghJfhj;jy;. - rpwe;j gof;ftoff; q;fis gpd;gw;Wjy;. - xOf;f gz;Gss; gpui[ahfr; nraw;gly;. - midj;J kjq;fspw;Fk; kjpg;gspj;jy; - gpwUf;F cjTjy; - VidNahuJ fUj;Jff; spw;F kjpg;gspj;jy;. - tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;> jiyikj;Jtg; gz;G 2) nghUshjhu fhuzpfs; G+NfhskakhjYk;> efukakhjYk;. ,aw;if > Gtpapay; njhlu;ghd fhuzpfs; tpQ;Qhd njhopEl;g tsur; ;rp Fbg;ngau;Tk;> FbtuTk;. jkJ Ntiyf;Nfw;g tho;f;if Kiwia tbtikj;jy;. 3) - Mrpupaupd; Ngr;R eil cil ghtid %yk;. - gy;NtW gof;ftof;fq;fs; %yk;. - gy;NtW fiy fyhrhu epfo;Tfs; %yk;. - fyhrhuk; gw;wpa rupahd tpsf;fj;ij khztu;fSf;F toq;fy;. - etdP r%f khw;wq;fs; gw;wpa rupahd> jtwhd gpd;gw;Wjy;fisj; njspTgLj;jy;. 03. 1) - Mrpupau; FOf;fs;. - khztu; FOf;fs;. - Mrpupa khztu; FOf;fs;. - Mrpupau; mjpgu; FOf;fs;. - Mrpupau; mjpgu; Kfhikahsu; FO 2) rhjfkhd nry;thf;Ffs; : - tpidj;jpwd; mjpfupj;jy;. - epWtdk; tpUj;jpailjy;. - jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;. - jdpahs; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; epWtd KdN; dw;wk;. - ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jpia Nehff; pr; nry;yy;. - Neu Kfhikj;Jtk; rpwej; Kiwapy; Ngzg;gly;. - Fwpj;j Neuj;Js; gy nraw;ghLfs; G+uzg;gLj;j;jg;gly;. ghjfkhd nry;thff; fs;: - nraw;ghLfs; jilg;gly;. - epWtdj;jpd; ,yf;fpid miltjpy; jil Vw;gLk;. - epu;thfj;jpw;F vjpuhf jpl;lq;fs; nraw;gLj;jg;gly;. - gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;Jjy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 87 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

3) - nghWg;Gf;fis ifaspj;jy;. - fye;Jiuahly;. - rupahd nghUj;jkhd fUj;Jff; Sf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;. - $l;Lr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;jy;. - nghJ ey kdg;ghq;Fld; nraw;gl topg;gLj;jy;. - NeuKfhikj;Jtj;ij gpd;gw;w topg;gLj;jy;. 04. 1) ,dq;fs; NtWgLjy;. kjq;fs; NtWgLjy;. nkhop cg fyhrhu eilKiwfs;. tho;f;if Kiw khWgLjy;. Ngr;R> eil> cil> ghtiz NtWgly;. 2) - rfy ,dq;fspdJk; cupikfs; kjpf;fg;gly;. - rfy ,dq;fspdJk; nkhop ghJfhf;fg;gly;. - ,dq;fSf;fpilapyhd ek;gpfi; f> cwT Nkk;gLj;jy;. - rk tha;g;Gff; s; toq;fy;. - Kuz;ghLfisf; Fiwj;jy;. - midj;J ,dj;jtUk;> VidNahuJ fyhrhuq;fs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;sYk;> kjpg;gspj;jYk;. 3) ehl;by; thOk; gy;NtW ,df;FOf;fs;. - mtu;fsJ cg fyhrhuq;fs;. - ghlE}y;> Mrpupau; Nghd;w tplaq;fs;. 05. 1) r%fk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj gps;isfs; mDkjpf;fhj clypay;, cs ghjpg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jf;$ba ghypay; rhu;e;j njhLif, ftdpahik,xJf;Fjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfspy; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l fhuzq;fspdhy; rpWtu;fs; cly; cs uPjpahfg; ghjpf;fg;gly;. 2) re;ju;g;gq;fs; : - tlP ;by; jdpikapypUj;jy;. - nghJ ,lq;fspy;. - mfjp Kfhk;fspy;. - jqF; kplq;fs;(tpLjpfs); - Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fspd; NghJ - Ntiyj;jsq;fs; - fy;tp epiyaq;fspy;. - gfpbtijfspd; NghJ. egu;fs; : - taJ Kjpu;e;Njhu; - maytu;fs.; - Nghijg;nghUs; cgNahfpg;Nghu.; - cwtpdu;fs;. - kJg;ghtizf;F cs;shdtu;fs;. - Kjyhspfs.; N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 88 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

3) - ngw;Nwhu; gpsi; sfSf;F mwpT+l;ly.; - ghl tpjhdq;fspD}lhff; fyeJ; iuahly;. - Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fs;> Rtnuhl;bfs; %yk;. - tjP p ehlfq;fspD}lhf - rpWtu; cupikfs; gw;wpa fUj;juq;Ffis elhj;Jjy; - fz;fhl;rpfspDhL - Mrpupau; rpWtu;J\\;gpuNahfk; njhlu;ghd Nghjpa tpsf;fq;fis khztu;fspw;F toq;fy;. - ngw;Nwhu;fspw;F ghlrhiy rhu;ghf gps;isfspd; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd ftdj;ij mtjhdpj;J mwpTiutoq;frn; ra;jy;. 06. 1) r%fk; fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; khw;wkiljy;. 2) - fy;tpapD}lhf r%f khw;wk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa khw;wk; KOikahf Vw;gLfpd;w NghJ fy;tpapYk; khw;wk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk.; - eilKiwapy; fhzg;gLk; mwpT khw;wkiljy;. - Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fs; mwpKfk; nra;jy;. - njhopy; Jiwapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs;. - etdP khw;wq;fSf;F Vw;g vk;ik jahu;gLj;j. - Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fisj; jpUj;jkhf ifahs;tjw;F. 3) - vjpu;fhy khw;wq;fis cst; hq;fpr; nraw;glf;$batuhftpUj;jy;. - Ma;thsuhfr; nraw;gly;. - Gj;jhf;fk; nra;gtuhff; fhzg;gly;. - njhopEl;g rhjdq;fisf; ifahSk; jpwd; ngw;wpUj;jy;. - khw;wq;fspw;F Vw;g jd;id khw;wpaikf;ff;$batuhapUj;jy;. - etdP rhjdq;fs; njhlu;ghd g+uz mwpitf; nfhz;bUj;jy;. 07. 1) ,dk;> kjk; >r%ftFg;G/tu;f;fk;. 2) - re;Njfk;. - Gwf;fzpg;G - tpuf;jp - kjpf;fspf;Fk; Fzkpd;ik - cjhrdP k; - Raeyg; Nghf;F - Kuz;ghlhd Ngr;R 3) nghWg;Gf;fis rkkhf gfpu;e;jspj;jy;. ghlrhiyapy; eilngWfpd;w rka tpohf;fspy; midj;J khztu;fisAk; <LgLj;Jjy;. xtn; thU r%fk;> fyhrhuq;fs; gw;wpa mwpit midj;J khztUk; ngWk; Kfkhf Nghlb; epfo;rr; pfis elhj;jp guprpy;fs; toq;Fjy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 89 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

08. 1) Vwj;jho xNu tajikg;gpidf; nfhz;l khztu;fs; mwpitj; NjLjy;. gupkhwpf; nfhs;sy;. xw;WikAld; nrayhw;wy;. Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf jkJ ,yf;fpid milAk; nraw;ghL. 2) - xw;WikAld; nrayhw;Wjy;. - fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;. - VidNahupd; fUj;Jf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;. - ntspg;gilahf jpwe;j kdJld; nrayhw;Wjy;. - xw;Wik - nghJeyg; gz;G - mLj;jtupd; fUj;Jf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;. - jdJ fUj;Jff; is tpsf;fj;Jld; Kd;itfF; khw;wy;. 3) - 5E Kiwapy; Njly;, tpsf;fkspj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; r%fj; jpwid tsu;fF; k; tpjk;. - Nehff; j;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ghlj;jpl;lkplypy; ghlj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jy;. gyKiwfs; tpUj;jp nra;jy;. N.Manoranjithan (Lecturer,JNCoE) 90 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3730 J.Sinthuja

fw;gpj;jypy; Njrpa bg;Nshkh ,Wjpg; guPl;ir - 2011(2012) (02) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; - tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ  1 njhlff; k; 10 tiuahd tpdhff; spy; jug;gl;Ls;s xtn; thU $w;wpdJk; ,ilntspfF; kpfg;nghUj;jkhd nrhy;iy/nrhw;fis ,l;L G+uzg;gLj;Jf 01) etdP r%ftpaypd; Muk;gfu;j;jhthff; fUjg;gLgtu; …………………………………….. Mthu;. 02) ahjhapDk; r%fnkhd;wpd; xU mq;fj;jtupdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w mwpT , topghLfs; , rl;lxOq;Ffs; , fiyfs; , ifg;gzpfs; , gof;fq;fs; , jpwd;fs; , ed;ndwpfs; Mfpad mlq;Fk; rpf;fyhd Nruk; hdk; ……………………………………………. MFk;. 03) fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwapy; eilngWk; $l;Lr;nraw;ghl;ilf; fw;wha;jy; ………………… r%ftpaypd; mbg;gilg; gzpahFk;. 04) r%fkhd gupNrhjidfspd; %yk; jkJ tFg;giwapYs;s khztu;fspd; …………… njhlu;Gilik Mrpupaupdhy; ,dq;fhz KbAk;. 05) ehl;by; eilKiwapYs;s fy;tp KiwahdJ …………………………. cyfpd; NjitfSf;Fg; nghUe;jhik ,isQu;fs; kj;jpapy; tpuf;jp Vw;gl mbg;gilff; huzkhFk;. 06) r%ff; FOnthd;wpDs; Kiwrhu; njhlu;GfSfF; Nkyjpfkhf jdpj;Jtj;jpd; mbg;gilapyhd ……………………………………………. njhlu;GfSk; cUthfpd;wd. 07) gps;is tpUj;jpailAk; NghJ jdJ %j;Njhu;fspy; jq;fp thOk; jd;ikapypUe;J tpLgl;L md;G, ghJfhg;G Mfpatw;Wf;fhf ………………………………… neUq;Fk;. 08) r%fk; kjpf;Fk; gz;ghlL; ,ay;Gfs;, ngWkjpfs;, r%fj;Njitfs; Mfpatw;iw ghlrhiy …………… css; lf;Ftjdhy; r%fj;ij ghlrhiyf;F mz;kpf;fr; nra;a cjtpahf mikAk;. 09) tfpghfnkhd;iw tfpg;gtuplk; cs;s Njitfs; , Mw;wy;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;F ,ilapyhd NtWghLfs; …………………………………… Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gl mbg;gilff; huzkhfpd;wd. 10) ngUk;ghyhd r%fq;fspy; r%f………………… Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gLtJ ghuk;gupa nfhs;iffs; nfhz;l egu;fSf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,irthf;fkilaf; $ba egu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhFk;. (01 × 10 = 10 Gs;spfs); N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 91 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

 11 njhlf;fk; 20 tiuahd xtn; thU tpdhTf;Fk; cupa rupahd tpiliaf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; ,yf;fj;ij vjpNuAs;s milg;Gf;FwpapDs; vOJf. 11) Mrpupaj; njhopypd; thz;ik mUfpg; Nghff; fhuzkhFk; gpujhd fhuzpahtJ, 1. mJ Ez;zwpitAk; kdijAk; nrytpl;Lr; nra;Ak; NritahFk;. 2. Mrpupauf; Sf;F cs;s r%f mq;fPfhuk; Fiwtile;jjdhyhFk;. 3. fy;tpia xU r%f Nritahfr; r%fk; fUJtjdhyhFk;. 4. gapw;rp, jifik, rk;gsj;jpl;lk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; Mrpupauf; Sf;fpilNa epyTk; Vw;wj;jho;TfspdhyhFk;. (……..) 12) ve;j xU r%fnkhd;wpdJk; kf;fs; FOf;fis gy;NtW fhuzpfspd; mbg;gilapy; kl;lq;fshfNth my;yJ mLf;FfshfNth gpupj;Jff; hl;l KbAk;. mtt; hwhd mLf;FfSfN; fh my;yJ kl;lq;fSf;Nfh nghUj;jkhd vz;zf;fU. 1. r%f kl;lq;fs; 2. r%f mirTfs; 3. r%f tFg;Gf;fs; 4. r%f me;j];J (……..) 13) ghlrhiyapd; Kiwrhuh r%fq;fs; %yk; 1. Kiwrhu; ghlrhiy xOq;fikg;gpd; Nehff; q;fs; epiwNtw;wg;gLk;. 2. Kiwrhu; ghlrhiy xOq;fikg;Gf;F vjpuhf nray;fs; eilngWk;. 3. Kiwrhu; ghlrhiy xOq;fikg;gpd; Nehff; q;fSf;F Gwk;ghd nray;fs; eilngWk;. 4. Kiwrhu; ghlrhiy xOq;fikg;gpd; Nehff; q;fis epiwNtw;WtJ kl;Lkd;wp (……..) mopf;fTk; $Lk;. 14) ,yq;ifapy; jdpahu; tFg;Gf;fSfF; khztu;fis ,l;Lr; nry;tjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; gpujhd fhuzpahff; fhzg;gLtJ, 1. mJ ngw;Nwhupd; Mjpf;fj;jpypUe;J tpLgLtjw;Fs;s xU topahFk;. 2. ,yq;ifapd; gulP ;ir Kiwfspy; fhzg;gLk; fLk; Nghlb; ahFk;. 3. ghlrhiyfspy; Kiwahf fw;gpj;jy; eltbf;iffs; eilngwhik MFk;. 4. jdpahu; tFg;Gf;fspy; khztu;fSf;F cr;r mstpy; Rje;jpuk; fpilff; pd;wik (……..) MFk;. 15) vy;yhf; fyhrhuq;fSk; khw;wkile;J tUfpd;wd. vdpDk; xt;nthU fyhrhuj;jpYk; rpw;rpy mk;rq;fs; khwhJ css; d. ,jid kdpjtpayhsu;fs; ,dq;fhz;gJ, 1. fyhrhu 2. fyhrhu 3. fyhrhuj; 4. fyhrhug; mirT vd etdP j;Jtk; Njf;fk; vd guk;gy; vd vd 16) Mz; ngz; r%fepiy vd;gij rupahf tiuaWg;gJ. (……..) 1. ghypay; uPjpahff; fhzg;gLk;. (……..) 2. r%f mq;fPfhuj;jpYs;s NtWghL 3. rthy;fSfF; Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; Mw;wypYs;s NtWghL 4. capupay; uPjpahf cupj;jhd khw;wj;ijf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shJ rkkhd mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngWtJ. 17) Mrpupauf; Sk; %j;Njhu;fSk; gps;isfSld; nraw;gLk; NghJ kpfTk; Kdk; hjpupahf ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJ. 1. gps;isfs; ehl;bd; vjpu;fhykhifahy; 2. ehl;bd; vy;yh gpsi; sfSk; jkJ gps;isfNs vDk; vz;zj;jpdhy; 3. gps;isfs; mtu;fisg; Nghy; ele;Jnfhs;tjhy; 4. %j;Njhu;fs; gps;isfs; Kd;ghf Kd;khjpupahdtu;fshf ele;J nfhs;s (……..) Ntz;Lkhifahy; N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 92 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

18) ,yq;ifg; ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; Njrpaj;Jtj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; Njrpa ujP papy; eilKiwg;gLj;jf;$ba mjpf gaDWjp tha;e;j nrad;KiwahtJ, 1. nghJf; fiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw mtt; g; ghlrhiyapd; jha;nkhopapy; fw;gpj;jy; MFk;. 2. nghJf; fiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw xNu nkhopapy; mt;tg; ghlrhiyapy; fw;gpj;jy; MFk;. 3. ntt;NtW fiyj;jpl;lq;fis xNu nkhopapy; mt;tg; ghlrhiyapy; nraw;gLj;jy; MFk;. (……..) 4. jha;nkhopapy; nttN; tW fiyj;jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;jy; MFk;. 19) tFg;giwapy; FOf;fw;wy; (Group learning), rfghbfspy; fw;wy; (Peer learning), gq;Nfw;Wf; fw;wy; (Participatory learning) Mfpa fw;wy; Kiwfis cgNahfpg;gjhy; khztupd; mwpT, kdg;ghq;F, jpwd; tpUj;jpf;F Nkyjpfkhf, 1. khztu; ,ilj;njhlu;Gfs; tsur; ;rpailAk;. 2. khztupd; xOf;fk; tsu;r;rpailAk;. 3. Mrpupau; gw;whf;Fiwf;F xU jPu;thf mikAk;. 4. Mf;fpukpg;Gf; FzKila gps;isfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j cjtpahf mikAk;. (……..) 20) fpuhkpa kw;Wk; efug; ;Gwg; ghlrhiyfspy; tsg;gfput; pYk; fy;tpkl;lj;jpYs;s Vw;wj;jho;itf; Fiwg;gjw;F jahupf;fg;gll; Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;iffspy; fll; hakhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba xU gz;G, 1. murpay; khw;wq;fSf;F ,iaghf;fk; milaf;$bathW mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 2. khw;wkilahj fy;tp Kiwnahd;whf mika Ntz;Lk;. 3. ehl;bd; r%f nghUshjhu gz;ghl;Lr; #oYf;F nghUe;jf;$bajhf mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. (……..) 4. etdP njhopEl;g khw;wqf; Sf;F ,iaghf mikjy; NtzL; k;. (01 × 10 = 10 Gs;spfs;)  21 njhlf;fk; 30 tiuahd tpdhf;fSf;Fr; RUf;fkhd tpil vOJf. 21) jw;fhy ,isQu; r%fk; mtu;fSf;Nf rpwg;ghaike;jJk; KiwahfTk; Kiwrhu;gw;w ujP papYk; mikj;Jf; nfhz;l ,isQu; mikg;Gf;fspy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw tpUg;igf; fhl;Ltjw;F ,uz;L fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. i) ……………………………………………………………………………………….……... ii) ................................................................................................................................................ 22) xU gps;isiar; r%fkakhfF; tjpy; fUf;FLk;gj;jpYk; ghu;f;f tpupFLk;gj;jpd; nry;thfF; tYthdjhf miktjw;F ,uz;L fhuzq;fis vOJf. i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ii) ................................................................................................................................................ 23) ghlkpizej; nraw;ghLfspy; mjpf Mu;tj;JlDk; kyu;rr; pAlDk; fye;J nfhs;Sk; xU khztd; tFg;giwf; fw;wypd; NghJ cw;rhfk; fhl;lhky; ,Ug;gjw;F VJthff; $ba r%ftpay; fhuzpfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ii) ................................................................................................................................................ 24) Kiwrhu; xOq;fikg;ngd;w tifapy; Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}upnahd;wpd; ,ilj;jhf;fq;fis (interactions) ,yFgLj;jTk; rPuhd ,ilj;njhlu;Gfis (Social inter Relationship) tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; vLj;Jss; ,uz;L eltbfi; ffis Fwpg;gpLf. i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ii) ................................................................................................................................................ N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 93 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

25) vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; epiyikfs; njhlu;e;Jk; fpilff; hkw; Nghtjd; fhuzkhf cUthd cs mikjpapd;ik(UNREST)f;F ,isQu; cs;shnud vLj;Jff; hl;Lk; gpur;rpidahd re;ju;g;gq;fs; ,uz;il Fwpg;gpLf. i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… ii) ............................................................................................................................................ 26) fy;tpapD}lhfr; r%f khw;wKk; r%f khw;wq;fspD}lhf fy;tp khw;wkiljYk; fll; hakhdjhFk;. r%f khw;wj;jpw;F Vw;g ghlrhiyapd; Kiwrhu; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; Nrue; ;Jss; ,uz;L vz;zf;fUf;fis vOJf. i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… ii) ............................................................................................................................................ 27) jw;fhyj;jpy; ghlrhiyj; njhFjpf;Fk; ghlrhiyr; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa mjpf ,ilntsp Vw;gLtjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;jpAs;s ,uz;L fhuzpfis vOJf. i) …………………………………………………………………………………………… ii) ............................................................................................................................................ 28) ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; fy;tpapD}lhf r%f efu;T Ntfkhf eilngWtjpy; mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpAs;s ,uz;L fhuzpfis vOJf. i) …………………………………………………………………………………………... ii) ........................................................................................................................................... 29) r%fnkhd;W khw;wkiltjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; ,uz;L fhuzpfisg; ngaupLf. i) …………………………………………………………………………………………... ii) ........................................................................................................................................... 30) xU tFg;giwapd; ,ilj; njhlu;ig gFj;jha;e;J ,dq;fz;l “r%f jhuiffs;” epiyiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l xU khztdplk; ,Uf;ff;$ba r%f tpQ;Qhd ujP pahd ,uz;L ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. i) …………………………………………………………………………………………... ii) ........................................................................................................................................... (02 × 10 = 20 Gs;spfs;) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 94 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

tpdhj;jhs; II  xt;nthU gFjpapypUe;Jk; Fiwe;j gl;rk; ,U tpdhf;fisNaDk; njupe;njLj;J Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJf.  xt;nthU tpdhtpdJk; (i),(ii),(iii) Mfpa gFjpfspd; rupahd tpilfSf;F KiwNa 02>04>06 vd;wthW Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gFjp I 01) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; vDk; ghlk; r%ftpay; ghlj;jpd; Clhf cUthdjhFk;. i) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. ii) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; ghlj;ijf; fw;gjd; %yk; GJKf Mrpupauhd cq;fshy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba ehd;F gad;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) Nkw;gbg; gad;fSs; %d;iwj; njupe;J gpuNahf uPjpapy; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ gadg; Lj;jf;$ba tpjj;ij cjhuzq;fs; je;J tpsf;Ff. 02) kdpj tho;f;if ,ay;ghfNt capupay; uPjpahf vkf;F cupikahfpd;w NghjpYk; kdpjNeaj;ij ehk; ngWtJ r%fj;jpd; %ykhFk;. i) ,aw;ifahd kdpjid r%fkakhd kdpjdhf khw;Wtjw;fhf r%fk; gadg; Lj;Jk; Elg; Kiwfs; ,uz;ilg; ngaupLf. ii) eguplk; gpwtpapNyNa css; “Nghyrn; ra;jy;” rf;jp kdpjidr; r%fkakhff; cjTk; Kiwfs; ,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) miuFiwahf r%fkakhfpa xU gps;isiar; r%fkakhfF; tjpy; ghlg;nghWg;ghrpupau; vd;w tifapy; eqP ;fs; gadg; Lj;Jk; %d;W eilKiwfis cjhuzq;fs; %yk; tpsf;Ff. 03) ve;j xU Kiwrhu; xOq;fikg;ghapDk; mJ nraw;gLk;NghJ Kiwrhuh r%fq;fs; cUthtijj; jtpu;ff; KbahJ. i) ghlrhiyapYs;s Kiwrhuh r%fqf; s; ,uz;il cjhuzq;fs; %yk; jUf. ii) Kiwrhuh r%fq;fs; ghlrhiyapy; cUthtjpy; nry;thfF; nrYj;Jk; ehd;F fhuzpfis Fwpg;gpLf. iii) ghlrhiyapYs;s Kiwrhuh r%fq;fs; %yk; Vw;gLj;Jk; ghjpg;ghd %d;W nry;thfF; fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;iw ,optsthf;f vLf;ff;$ba eltbf;iffis cjhuzq;fspd; JizAld; tpsfF; f. 04) ey;nyhOf;fKs;s xU r%fnkhd;wpy; kdpju;fis xw;Wikahfg; gpizj;J itfF; k; Kf;fpatop fyhrhukhFk;. i) fyhrhuj;jpd; ,af;fj;jd;ik vd;gijr; RUf;fkhff; fhl;Lf. ii) xU r%fj;jpypUe;J kw;nwhU r%fj;jpw;F fyhrhuk; NtWgLtjpy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; ehd;F fhuzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. iii) xU Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; ghlrhiyf;fiyj;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf fyhrhug; ngWkhdq;fis khztUf;Ff; ifaspf;ff;$ba %d;W re;ju;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 95 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

gFjp II 05) Mz; ngz; r%f epiyf;F ,iagile;J nraw;gly; r%fg; gy;tifikia kjpj;Jr; nraw;gLk; NghJ fll; hakhfpd;wJ. i) Mz; ngz; r%f epiy vd;gijr; r%ftpQ;Qhd ujP pahf RUf;fkhfj; jUf. ii) r%fj;jpy; Mz; ngz; r%f epiyf;F,iaghf;fkpd;wp nraw;gLk; ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fis cjhuzq;fs; %yk; Kd;itfF; f. iii) tFg;giwapy; Mz; ngz; r%f epiyf;F kjpg;gspj;J nraw;gl Mrpupaupdhy; vLf;ff;$ba eltbf;iffs; %d;iw cjhuzq;fSld; tpsfF; f. 06) r%fk; rpf;fyhd jd;ikia mile;jikahy; ,sk; r%fj;jpdu; kj;jpapy; tpuf;jp epiy tsu;r;rpaile;J tUk; tpjk; ,isQu;fspd; gpurr; pidfs; %yk; njspthfpd;wJ. i) ,isQu; tpuf;jpf;F gpd;dzpahFk; ,uz;L fhuzq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp KiwahdJ ,isQu; tpuf;jpf;F vt;thW nry;thfF; r; nrYj;jpAs;sJ vd;gjw;F ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs; Kdi; tfF; f. iii) ,isQu;fspd; tpuf;jpiaj; jLg;gjw;fhf ghlrhiyapd; G+uz fiyj;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf vLf;ff;$ba eltbf;iffs; %d;iw cjhuzj;Jld; tpsfF; f. 07) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpd; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; is epiwNtw;w KbtJ gy;fyhrhu fy;tp eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; khj;jpuNkahFk;. i) gy;ypd r%fk; vd;why; vd;d? RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gpLf. ii) gy;ypd r%fj;jpy; fy;tp Clfj;ijr; nraw;gLj;Jk; NghJ cUthFk; ,uz;L gpur;rpidfis ,yq;ifia cjhuzkhff; nfhz;L RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff. iii) gy;ypd r%fnkhd;wpd; gpui[fs; vd;w tifapy; khztUld; r%fj; jpwd;fis tsu;g;gjw;fhf Mrpupau; vd;w tifapy; eqP ;fs; gpd;gw;Wk; eilKiwfis cjhuzk; je;J tpsf;Ff. 08) r%fj;jpypUe;J ghlrhiyAk; ghlrhiyapypUe;J r%fKk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; md;dpNahd;dpa njhlu;igg; Ngzy; fl;lhakhdjhFk;. i) ghlrhiy r%fk; vd;gJ ahJ? ii) ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa njhlu;Gfisg; NgZtJ fll; hakhdJ vd;gjw;F ,uz;L fhuzpfis cjhuzkhff; nfhz;L Fwpg;gpLf. iii) r%fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Mrpupau; gq;fspf;ff;$ba tpjj;ij ePq;fs; “ghlrhiyAk; r%fKk;” vd;w nraw;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ngw;w mDgtj;ij cjhuzkhfj; je;J tpsf;Ff. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 96 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

tpilfs; tpdhj;jhs; Ⅰ 01) xf];l; nfhk;Nl 02) fyhrhuk; 03) fy;tp 04) egupilj; njhlu;G / ,iltpid / ,ilj; njhlu;G 05) njhopy; rhu; 06) Kiwrhuh / Kiwapy; 07) rfghbf;FO / rktaJf;FO 08) fiyj;jpl;lk; 09) jdpahs; 10) khw;wk; 11) 04 RahjPdkhf nraw;gLtjpYs;s tpUg;gk;. 12) 03 ,isQUf;Nf cupj;jhd fUj;Jff; s; , tof;Ffs; , kuGfs; , epakq;fs; Mfpatw;iwf; 13) 04 nfhz;bUj;jy;. 14) 02 %j;jtuf; shy; Vw;Wf;nfhss; g;glhikAk;, ,sk; gUtj;jpdupd; tpUg;gk; kw;Wk; 15) 03 Mu;tKk;. 16) 04 Rje;jpukhfr; nraw;gLtjpYs;s ehl;lk;. 17) 03 rfghbfSld; ,ize;J $l;lhfr; nraw;gLtjpYs;s Mu;tk; > kfpo;rr; p > jpUg;jp. 18) 01 19) 01 nkhop Mw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; Ez;zwpitAk; tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhd 20) 03 re;ju;g;gq;fs; mjpfk; fhzg;gly;. 21) md;G, ghJfhg;G, fuprid fpilj;jy;. tpupFLk;gj;jpy; egu;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; mDgtq;fs; mjpfk;  fpilfF; k;.  khztu;fsJ cwtpy; fhzg;gLk; gpur;rpidahd epiyikfs;.  Mrpupau-; khztu; cwtpy; fhzg;gLk; ,ilntsp khztu; kj;jpapy; Mrpupau; gpugy;ak; ngwhik  Mrpupau; rut; hjpfhuj;jd;ikAld; nraw;gly;.  fw;wypy; tpUg;gpd;ik 22) tFg;giwr; #oy; mk;khztDf;F Vw;wjhf mike;jpUf;fhJ.    23)       N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 97 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

24)  ed;whf xOq;fikf;fg;gl;lJk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;lJkhd Nehff; q;fs; Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.  gbKiwj;jdi; k , tpjpfs; , xOq;Ffs; , kuGfs; Ngzg;gly;.  FONtiyfs; ,lk;ngwy;.  G+uz fiyj;jpl;lk; - Kiwrhu; Kiwrhuh kw;Wk; kiwfiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy; nra;ag;gLjy;. (gy;fyhrhu epfo;Tfs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wik)  ,d > kj > nkhopfSf;fpilapy; rkj;Jtk; Ngzg;gLfpd;wik. 25)  jw;nfhiyfs; ,lk;ngwy;  Nghijg; nghUl; ghtidf;F mbikahjy;.  csuPjpahd ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shjy;.  khztu; Nghuhl;lq;fs; , Kuz;ghLfs; , vjpu;g;G eltbfi; ffs;.  czT > cwf;fk; kPJ ehl;lkpd;ik.  jdpikia ehb ,Uj;jy;. 26)  fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; njhopElg; ghlq;fs; mKy; nra;ag;gl;lik.  ,uz;lhk; epiyf;fhd fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt vz;zf;fUf;fs; css; lf;fg;gl;Ls;sik.  fhyepiy khw;wk; njhlu;ghd Gjpa vz;zf;fUf;fs; Nruf; ;fg;gl;Ls;sik.  Mz; ngz; r%f tfpgq;F.  ,uz;lhk; nkhopf;fy;tp mwpKfk;.  Nghijg; nghUs; ghtid > r%f tpopg;Gzu;Tfs; njhlu;ghd ghl css; lf;fk;.(,it njhlu;ghf fbjk; > fl;Liu > Jz;Lg;gpuRuk; Nghd;wtw;iw tiujy;) 27)  ghlrhiyf;Fk; r%fj;JfF; k; ,ilapy; gykhd MNuhf;fpakhd njhlu;Gfs; fhzg;glhik.  r%fj;jpd; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; is Njitfis ghlrhiyfs; G+u;j;jp nra;ahik.  ghlrhiyapy; Nkw;nfhss; g;gLk; Nritfs; / Ntiyfs; r%fj;jpd; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; Sld; nghUe;jhik.  ghlrhiyr; #oypy; thOk; r%fj;jpdu; kj;jpapypUe;J ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;Yk; gps;isfs; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fyhk;.(ghlrhiyg; gUt taJ gpsi; sfs;) 28)  fy;tp xU KjyPlhfTk; r%f ey Ntiyj;jpl;lkhfTk; mikjy;.  fy;tpapy; rk tha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gly;.  fll; haf;fy;tp mKy; nra;ag;gly;.  ngw;Nwhu;fspdJk; gps;isfspdJk; fy;tp rhu; vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; cau;thff; fhzg;gLjy;.  jha;nkhopf; fy;tp mwpKfk;.  cau;fy;tpapy; Vw;gl;l tpupthf;fk;.(ghlj;Jiw rhu; fw;if newpfSk; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fSk; > cau;fy;tp epiyaq;fs; ehnlq;Fk; gue;J fhzg;gLfpd;wik…….) N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 98 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

29)  fy;tpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs;.  ,aw;ifapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; (mdu;j;jq;fs;)  ,lg;ngau;Tk; cs;tuTk;  cyfkakhjYk; efukakhjYk;.  mgptpUj;jp my;yJ tPo;rr; p (fy;tp > nghUjhuk;)  etdP j;Jtk; (ehfupf tsu;r;rp > toP ;rr; p > fyhrhu khw;wq;fs;) 30)  rfghbfSld; el;GwTld; nraw;gly;.  Vida khztu;fSld; neUq;fpa MNuhf;fpakhd njhlu;Gfisg; Ngzy;.  jiyikj;Jt Mw;wy;fisf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.  nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;wy;.  gpwUf;F Kdk; hjpupahfr; nraw;gly;.  rfy JiwfspYk; jpwik tha;e;jtuhfj; jpfo;jy;. tpdhj;jhs; II gFjp – I 01) i) fy;tpr; r%ftpay; vd;gJ fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ ,lk;ngWfpd;w jdpahl;fs; FOf;fs; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; epyikfs; rk;gtq;fspd; NghJ ,lk;ngWk; ,iltpid cwTfs; / egupilj; njhlu;Gfs; gw;wp Muha;fpd;w JiwahFk;. fy;tpr; nrad;KiwahdJ xU r%fr; nrad;KiwahFk;.r%ftpaypd; tpjpfisAk; > KiwfisAk; gad;gLj;jpg; gy;NtW fy;tpg; gpur;rpidfSf;F tpilfhz r%ftpay; fz;Nzhll; j;jpy; Ma;T nra;Ak; xU JiwahFk;. ii)  fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspy; nry;thfF; r; nrYj;Jk; gy;NtWgl;l FOf;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F. (ghlrhiy > mwnewpg;ghlrhiy……)  fy;tpj;jpl;lkplypy; r%ftpay; nry;thfF; ,lk;ngWk; tpjj;ij milahsq; fhz;gjw;F.  Mrpupau,; khztu;, r%fk; kw;Wk; fy;tpAld; njhlu;Gila egu;fs;, mikg;Gf;fs,; xd;Wld; xdW; njhlu;G nfhs;Sk; tpjk;, ,iltpid Mfpait Fwpj;J gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;F.  jdpkdpjd; xUtid gaDs;s r%f cWg;gpddhf khw;wpaikg;gjw;F.  r%fj;jpy; Mrpupaupd; gq;fpidj; njspthff; p NkYk; cau;j;Jtjw;F.(fyhrhuj;ij Kiwahf xg;gilj;jy;). iii) Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;ltw;Ws; VjhtJ %dW; tplaq;fis njupT nra;J tpsf;Ff.  jpl;lkply; : r%f fyhrhu Njitfis milahsq;fz;L mjw;Nfw;g fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia xOq;fikj;jy;.  xUtiu r%fkag;gLj;Jjy; : Kiwrhu; Kiwrhuh kiwapy; fiyj;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; r%fkakhjypy; cs;s gpur;rpidfis my;yJ ,lu;ghLfisf; Fiwj;jy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 99 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya

02) i)  nra;J fhl;lYk; Nghyr; nra;jYk;.  fw;gpj;jy;/Nghjpj;jy;/topfhl;ly.;  ntFkjp/gupR,jz;lid toq;fy;.  Kdk; hjpupAk; gpd;gw;wYk;. ii)  xU gzp my;yJ nraw;ghLfs; my;yJ Ntiyfis rupahfr; nra;jy;.(Myaj;Js; nry;Yk;NghJ ghjzpfisf; fow;Wjy;).  rupahfTk; vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$baJkhd tplaj;ij / nraiy milahsk; fz;L mjw;Nfw;g gpd;gw;wp elj;jy;.  nghJ r%f Nritfspy; <LgLjy;.(rpukjhdg; gzpfs; > ed;nfhilfs;….)  gpwUf;F cjTjy; (,ayhikapy; > mtruj;jpy; >…) iii)  miuFiwahf/FiwghLs;s tifapy; r%fkakhfpAs;s gpsi; sapd; elj;ijf;Nfhyq;fisf; fz;lwpjy;.  rupahd topapy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba tifapy; elj;ijfis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhss; y;.  Mrpupauf; isAk; tsu;e;jtu;fisAk; kjpj;J fPo;g;gbe;J elg;gjw;F Cf;Ftpj;jy;.  nghUj;jkw;w thu;j;ijg; gpuNahfq;fis gadg; Lj;Jtij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shik.  Mrpupau; KdD; jhuzkhd elj;ijfis ntspf;fhl;ly.;  fyhrhu kuGupikfisf; ifaspj;jy;.  r%f epfo;Tfspy; Fiw r%fkakhd gps;isfs; rupahf vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$ba tifapy; ele;J nfhs;tjw;F topfhl;ly.; 03) i)  khztu-; khztu; FOf;fs;  Mrpupau-; Mrpupau; FOf;fs;.  Mrpupau-; khztu; FOf;fs;.  fy;tprhu; Mszp FOf;fs;  fy;tp rhuh Copau; FOf;fs; ii)  njhlu;r;rpahf re;jpg;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;.  ghlrhiyapy; fhzg;gLk; ,Wf;fkhd flL; g;ghLfs; > epu;thf jd;ikfs;  neUq;fpa njhlu;Gfisg; Ngzy;.  khztupilNa ghugl;rk; fhl;Ljy;.  xj;j nghWg;Gf;fisAk; epWtd me;j];ijAk; nfhz;bUj;jy;.  xj;j Njitfs;, ,yf;Ffs;, vjpu;ghu;g;Gff; s; fhzg;gly;.  xNu tifahd ghlj;Jiwapid gpd;gw;wy;. N.Manoranjithan(Lecturer,JNCoE) 100 18/JNCoE/MA/T/F/3777 N.Suganya