Table 5.14: Organization and Associational Distribution (%) Bharatiya Jain Bhopal Indore Jabalpur Sagar State Average Sanghatan Jain 3.5 2.0 0.0 1.2 1.7 Dakshin Bharat Sabha 4.7 6.1 9.0 7.3 6.6 Jain Social Group Jain Conference 0.0 1.2 3.0 17.0 3.9 Other 11.8 20.2 2.0 9.8 13.7 No response 38.8 31.2 14.0 15.8 26.6 41.2 39.3 72.0 48.8 47.5 Inter-Ethnic Relations As pointed out earlier, in spite of Jainism being a separate religion, Jains are often regarded as Vaishyas in the framework of the Hindu Varna-Vyavastha. Our survey revealed that 55.6% considered Jains as a separate community independent of Hindus, while 23.3% felt it to be a part of the Hindu Varna system. Table 5.15: Jainism and Hinduism (%) Within the Hindu Varna Bhopal Indore Jabalpur Sagar State Average system 9.4 38.9 14.0 2.4 23.3 A separate community independent of Hindus 83.5 51.8 85.0 71.9 55.6 No response 7.1 9.3 1.0 25.6 21.1 Page 50 of 87
Concluding Remarks This chapter is mainly based on the opinions of the respondents on certain issues pertaining family, marriage and Jain identity, which have repercussions on Jain population dynamics. Family type: Joint family (52.4%) is still the prevailing family type but 35.6% nuclear families show the emerging trend towards nuclear families. Caste System: No clear understanding prevails amongst Jains as 36.5% reported Jain religion as their caste, and 44.6% reported /caste correctly while 20.9% did not respond. Marital status: 54% male and 52% female reported as being married. 22.1% male and 19.7% female reported as being unmarried. Very few people reported their status did report their status as widows/widowers or divorcees with 25% not responding. Changes in the institution of marriage: Inter caste marriage: 80% were aware of the growing trend. Preferences: 83.8% do not prefer compared to 34.8% youth preferring it. Reasons: 50.9% Jains and 62 % Jain youth cite co-education and co- Arranged/love: working as the main reason with 17.4% Jains and 26.8% Jain youth citing non-availability of suitable match within the community. 75.9% reported arranged marriages being replaced by love marriages. Other changes: 58.1% responded late marriage as a major change in the marriage institution, 16.9% preferred day-time marriages. No consideration whether it is solemnized by a Jain pandit or otherwise. Prevalence of dowry: 61.6% said that it is prevailing to a large or at least to some Remarriage: extent. 71% support remarriage of widows and divorcees. Increase in divorces: 73.9% did not think so that they are increasing. Membership to Jain social organization: 53% reported as being member of one or the other Jain social organizations. Page 51 of 87
Jain identity: 55.6% Consider Jainism as an independent religion with its own identity while 23.6% consider Jainism being a part of Hinduism with 21% not responding. The above analysis shows an emerging Jain family status and associated value system in line with growing education and expectations of Jain youth and the nation at large. However, the community leadership has to initiate steps to ensure Jain values and identity is intact and absorbing the changes taking place. Page 52 of 87
Chapter – 6 JAIN WAY OF LIFE This chapter analyses the various aspects of Jain way of life, as practiced and followed by Madhya Pradesh Jain population. The parameters that account for these practices include visit to temples, dietary habits, teaching of religious practices and the drift of youth away from the tenets of Jainism in modern times. While Ahimsa (non-violence), Aparigraha (non- attachment), self-restrain, Anekantwvada, celibacy, vows and fasting are emphasized as the cornerstone of Jain teaching, the survey could include only certain aspects of Jain way of life, as defined in its objectives. For example, Brhamcharya is an important part of Jain way of life. “Jain ethics for householders lays significant importance on Brhamcharya. Lust is also considered as a psychical possession and cause of tainting the pure nature of soul. The vows of celibacy in Jainism for a householder is called Svadarasantoshpariman that limits the sexual relation to one's religiously wedded spouse only and gradually enhanced to complete abstinence.” (Jain, Shugan C, 2017, pp 62) It must be noted that religious ideologies/identities and way of life are often conceptualized in terms of bi-polarity: conservative vs liberal, orthodox vs heterodox, etc. Thus, Hinduism is generally considered as liberal and the Islam as conservative. Jainism can also be characterized by a very high degree of asceticism and orthodoxy. The Jain identity and the way of life get shaped accordingly and is a matter of choice and practice. Thus, for example, an empirical study of Jains in Bundelkhand (Madhya Pradesh) found the Jain way of life as highly orthodox in terms of daily visit to temple, vegetarianism, eating before sunset etc. (Jain, Prakash C. 2015). Our Madhya Pradesh State survey data appear to be suggesting a moderate and flexible way of life on all the indicators except the vegetarian diet which can be regarded as more or less an absolute and universal indicator of Jain identity (see Tables 6.7 and 6.8). In the case of “eating before sunset”, more than 54% of our respondents said they found it difficult to follow in their daily routine. Incidentally, a considerable number of respondents did not respond to questions on Jain way of life. The ‘No Response’ percentage in our survey measured 3.9 % Youth at the lower end, while 7.4 % adult at the highest level. Page 53 of 87
Visit temple The Madhya Pradesh sample survey of Jain population revealed a large majority of Jains visiting the temple/Sthanak daily, with the practice prevalent among male (89.3%) and female 77.6%. Some 6.3% Men & 6% of Jains were found to be visiting the religious places occasionally followed by visits on the occasion of religious festivals like Paryushan Parv 0.2% Male & 3% Female. The data could be compared with the high percentage of Digambar Jain population in Bundhelkhand (M.P.), among whom temple visits are frequent (Jain, Prakash C. 2015). Over 2% of the respondents did not elicit any response to the query. Data on distribution of youth respondents’ visit to temple are presented in Table 6.2. Accordingly, about 61.4% male youth & 50.5% female Youth make daily visit to the temple, whereas about 26.8% male youth & 34.1%female youth 29.1% do this occasionally. Sunday visitors and those visiting only during Paryushan Parv are 6.3% male youth & 9.9% female youth respectively. (See Table 6.2) Table 6.1: Visit to temple (%) District Daily Occasionally Sunday During No ParyushanParv response Indore MF MF MF Jabalpur 88.2 75.0 5.9 6.7 1.6 1.7 Only MF Bhopal 89.5 100.0 8.4 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.7 13.3 83.5 0.0 10.6 0.0 4.7 0.0 MF 1.0 0.0 Sagar 97.5 100.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 3.3 1.2 0.0 89.3 77.6 6.3 6.0 1.8 1.5 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 State Average 0.0 0.0 2.5 11.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.0 Table 6.2: Visit to temple/Sthanak (Youth) (%) District Daily Occasionally Sunday During No Paryushan response MF M F MF Parv Only 46.0 40.0 12.6 11.7 MF Indore 35.6 40.0 19.1 100.0 2.1 0.0 MF 0.0 1.7 41.7 50.0 0.0 16.7 5.7 6.7 0.0 0.0 Jabalpur 76.6 0.0 1.7 4.5 1.7 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.8 34.1 6.3 9.9 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.5 Bhopal 58.3 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.1 2.9 4.4 Sagar 94.9 90.9 State Average 63.4 50.5 Page 54 of 87
Food after sunset Dietary habit of taking food before sunset is a common and popular practice among the Jains. Contrary to this, a majority of Madhya Pradesh Jain respondents (54.1%) did not take food after sunset. However, 38.5% of our respondents said that they take food after the sunset. Some 7.4% respondents did not respond to this item. A large majority of Madhya Pradedh Jain youth (about 58%) also take food after sunset. (See Table 6.4) Table 6.3: Food after sunset (%) District Question: Take food after sunset? No Response Indore Yes No 13.0 Jabalpur 0.0 Bhopal 44.9 42.1 5.9 Sagar 39.0 61.0 1.2 State Average 45.9 48.2 7.4 11.0 87.8 38.5 54.1 Table 6.4: Food after sunset (youth) (%) Question: Take food after sunset? District Yes No No Response Indore 67.3 27.9 4.8 Jabalpur 56.0 44.0 0.0 Bhopal 72.2 27.8 0.0 Sagar 39.5 56.8 3.7 State Average 58.1 38.5 3.9 Page 55 of 87
Drinking Jain way of life stresses on moderation of food habits and self-restrain in consumption of any kind of intoxicants. The consumption of liquor among the Madhya Pradesh Jain population was found to be very low in percentage (0.6%). An overwhelming majority of them (81.3%) said that they did not consume liquor, while 18.1% did not respond to the query. A very low considerable number of Jain youth in Madhya Pradesh (4.4%) admitted of drinking alcohol. (See Table 6.6) Table 6.5: Drinking (%) District Question: Drink alcohol? No Response Indore Yes No 22.7 Jabalpur 13.0 Bhopal 1.2 76.1 23.5 Sagar 0.0 87.0 4.9 Average 0.0 76.5 18.1 0.0 95.1 0.6 81.3 Table 6.6: Drinking (youth) (%) District Question: Drink alcohol? No Response Indore Yes No 15.6 Jabalpur 14.0 Bhopal 8.2 76.2 11.1 Sagar 0.0 86.0 6.2 Average 5.6 83.3 12.5 0.0 93.8 4.4 83.1 Page 56 of 87
Dietary Habits As part of the practice of Ahimsa (non-violence), killing of animals or any kind of violence on creature is prohibited in Jainism. An overwhelming majority (81.52%) of our respondents said that they were vegetarian, while 0.39 % said they were non-vegetarian. However the no response category at about 18% is high. Only about 7% of the youth respondent confessed of taking non-vegetarian food. Assuming “No response” cases (9-10%) as the indirect supporters of non-vegetarianism, the total number consumers of non-vegetarian food do not exceed the 7% mark. (See Table 6.8) Table 6.7: Dietary Habits (%) Question: Eat non-vegetarian food? State District Yes No No Response Madhya Pradesh Indore 0.8 76.5 22.7 Jabalpur 0.0 87.0 13.0 Bhopal 0.0 76.5 23.5 Sagar 0.0 95.1 4.9 Average 0.4 81.5 18.1 Table 6.8: Dietary Habits (youth) (%) Question: Eat non-vegetarian food? State District Yes No No Response Madhya Pradesh Indore 15.0 74.1 10.9 Jabalpur 0.0 86.0 14.0 Bhopal 0.0 94.4 5.6 Sagar 0.0 93.8 6.2 Average 7.4 82.8 9.8 Page 57 of 87
Youth drifting away from Jainism The appeal of Jainism among youth is an important religious issue. Our survey found that a majority (59.5%) of Madhya Pradesh Jains believed that its youths were drifting away from Jain philosophy and way of life, while 37.55 % did not agree to the preposition. Some 2.9% of our respondents did not respond to the question. Drifting away from Jainism by younger generation of Jains is admitted by about 55%, whereas about 43% of them denied it (See Table 6.10). Table 6.9: Opinion about drifting of youth from Jainism (%) District Question: Younger generation is drifting away from Jainism? Indore Jabalpur Yes No No Response Bhopal Sagar 56.7 39.7 3.6 Average 55.0 44.0 1.0 62.3 34.1 3.5 70.7 26.8 2.4 59.5 37.5 2.9 Table 6.10: Opinion about drifting of youth from Jainism (Youth) (%) District Question: Younger generation is drifting away from Jainism? Indore Jabalpur Yes No No Response Bhopal Sagar 45.6 53.7 0.7 Average 62.0 38.0 0.0 72.2 27.8 0.0 64.2 28.4 7.4 55.1 42.6 2.4 Page 58 of 87
Religious education To a query whether Jain religious education was imparted to them, some 62.4% of our respondents answered in affirmation, while 32.7% disagreed with 4.9% did not respond. Table 6.11: Religious education (%) Question: Religious Education? District Yes No No Response Indore 70.8 22.3 6.9 Jabalpur 45.0 54.0 1.0 Bhopal 36.5 57.6 5.9 Sagar 85.4 12.2 2.4 Average 62.4 32.7 4.9 Should religious education be made mandatory? Surprisingly, a large majority (91.6%) of Madhya Pradesh State Jain respondents believed that religious education should be mandatory for Jain children in order to inculcate the ethos of Jainism in them. However, some 4.9% of our respondents felt that no such compulsion should be forced upon children while 3.5% did not express their opinion. Table 6.12: Should religious education be made mandatory? (%) State District Question: Do you think that religious education should be made compulsory to Jain children? Yes No No Response Madhya Pradesh Indore 87.5 7.3 3.2 Jabalpur 97.0 1.0 2.0 Bhopal 95.3 2.3 2.3 Sagar 93.9 4.9 1.2 Average 91.6 4.9 3.5 Page 59 of 87
Opinion on Jainism The Madhya Pradesh Sample Survey Jain population's opinion on Jainism was measured under three broad parameters: whether there were too many rituals in Jainism, the lack of exposure to Jainism and Jainism’s harmonious existence with modern culture. Surprisingly, lack of exposure to Jainism was cited as the main reason (56.1% male & 59.7% female) about its perception among the Jains in the State, followed by too many rituals in the religion and not being in tune with the modern culture. The 'No response' was found to be quite high at 9.8% male & 10.4% female. Some respondents in 'other category' cited too much emphasis on modern education, thus leading to the neglect of Jain religious teaching. Some also cited lack of infrastructural facilities and the lack of awareness on Jainism. However, a common consensus was that Jain community should lay stress on imparting Jain teachings to Jain children and youth. The youth response to on these issues was a little different. The lack of exposure to Jainism was listed as the main reason of drifting by 38% male youth & 42.9% female youth followed by too many rituals in Jainism (15% male youth & 10.4% female youth). 17.2 % of male youth and 19.4% female youth said that Jainism is not “in tune with modern culture”. Table 6.13: Reasons of drifting away from Jainism (%) District Too Many Lack of Not in tune Other No rituals in exposure to with response Indore Jainism MF Jabalpur Jainism modern 0.0 0.0 MF Bhopal MF culture 0.0 0.0 6.4 8.3 Sagar 20.9 10.0 MF 0.0 0.0 21.0 40.0 8.4 0.0 62.0 60.0 MF 10.0 0.0 10.6 0.0 State 12.9 0.0 56.8 60.0 10.7 21.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 50.0 65.9 0.0 13.7 0.0 9.8 10.4 Average 15.0 10.4 31.2 50.0 10.6 0.0 56.1 59.7 47.5 0.0 17.2 19.4 Page 60 of 87
Table 6.14: Reasons of drifting away from Jainism (Youth) (%) District Too Many Lack of Not in tune Other No rituals in exposure to with response Indore Jainism MF Jabalpur Jainism modern 0.0 0.0 MF Bhopal MF culture 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 Sagar 34.5 30.0 M F 0.0 0.0 23.4 0.0 State Average 2.1 0.0 33.3 40.0 MF 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 33.3 55.3 66.7 28.7 30.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 4.5 49.1 36.4 75.0 33.3 19.1 33.3 10.2 1.0 30.2 30.8 23.7 50.0 8.3 33.3 38.0 42.9 15.2 9.1 21.5 25.3 Popularizing Jainism To a query as to how Jainism could be popularized, a large number of Madhya Pradesh respondents felt that the onus of its popularity rests with the Jain community. That the latter could organize Sunday schools and Camps (60%) to impart Jain religious teachings to children and youth. Some 33% of our respondents felt that Jain moral education should be included in the school/college curriculum to make it popular among the Jain students. Some of Madhya Pradesh respondents felt that parents should teach their children about Jainism while others laid stress on the need of publicity, advertisement, workshop, religious hymns and musical programs for making the religion popular among the youth. Some of our respondents also said that Jain educational institutions should be set-up in cities to teach Jainism. Jain youth responses were more or less on the same pattern as that of the general Jain population of Madhya Pradesh. Among the suggestions for imparting religious education to youth the following were important ones: religious/spiritual camps (26%), religious education programs (43%) and special training courses (28%). Table 6.15: Suggestions for Popularizing Jainism (%) District Jain moral Jain Sunday Jain Shivirs Other No education schools for (camps) for response Indore classes in teaching MF Jabalpur school/colleges religious 0.0 0.0 MF Bhopal Jainism education 0.0 0.0 4.8 8.3 Sagar MF 0.0 0.0 7.4 20.0 State Average 41.2 31.7 MF MF 5.0 0.0 12.9 0.0 26.3 60.0 14.4 18.3 39.6 41.7 0.9 0.0 5.0 0.0 40.0 0.0 17.9 20.0 48.4 0.0 6.9 9.0 11.2 50.0 27.1 0.0 20.0 0.0 32.4 34.3 7.5 0.0 71.2 50.0 16.3 17.9 43.4 38.8 Page 61 of 87
Table 6.16: Suggestions for Popularizing Jainism (youth) (%) District Jain moral Jain Sunday Jain Shivirs Other No education schools for (camps) for response Indore classes in teaching MF Jabalpur school/colleges religious 0.0 0.0 MF Bhopal Jainism education 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 Sagar MF 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 State 58.6 68.3 MF MF 3.4 4.5 0.0 16.7 Average 29.8 66.7 14.9 6.7 25.3 25.0 1.0 1.1 6.8 0.0 16.7 16.7 19.1 0.0 51.1 33.3 27.1 31.8 25.0 33.3 58.3 33.3 2.4 1.1 28.8 22.7 33.9 40.9 40.3 56.0 20.5 12.1 35.6 29.7 Religious education In Madhya Pradesh Sample Survey a small number of Jains were hesitate to our survey out of fear of being seen as drifting from Jainism or loss of privacy of family information in spite of our assurance for strict adherence to confidentiality and non-disclosure of personal information. Surprisingly, majority (43%) of our respondents believed that religious education should be made mandatory for Jain children for inculcating in them the values and the Jain way of life. The respondents, both adult and youth, appeared to be following a moderate and relaxed Jain way of life. Table 6.17: Suggestion for religious education (%) District Spiritual Special Religious education No Campus Training program response Indore Jabalpur MF MF MF MF Bhopal 33.3 28.3 36.8 35.0 29.9 35.0 0.0 1.7 Sagar 14.9 33.3 8.5 0.0 76.6 66.7 0.0 0.0 16.8 33.3 25.0 0.0 58.3 50.0 0.0 16.7 State Average 23.7 22.7 32.2 13.6 30.5 59.1 13.6 4.5 25.4 27.5 28.3 26.4 42.4 42.8 3.9 3.3 Page 62 of 87
Concluding Remarks This chapter is mainly based on the opinions of the respondents on Jain Way of life including food and dietary habits, visiting temples, religious interactions amongst youth and so on. Summary of the findings are given below: Visit to temples: 89% adults visit the temples daily while only 63.4% youth do so. Food after Sunset: 54.1% adults do not take food after Sunset while 58.1% youth do eat after sunset. Drinking: 81.3% adults & 83.1% Youth do not consume alcohol. Dietary Habits: 82% adults and were vegetarian, while 18% did not respond (includes 0.04% who confessed of taking non-vegetarian food). 83% Youth also do not take non- vegetarian food. Opinion about certain issues pertain to Jain way of life: Drifting away: 59.5% adult and 55.1% Youth said that Jain youth were drifting away from Jainism. Reasons: 56.1% male and 59.7% female adults cited lack of exposure to Jainism as the main reason. 38.0% youth and 42.9% female youth also cited this as a reason. 15% male & 10.4% female adults also cited too many rituals as another reason while 30.2% male & 30.8% female youth cited this as also another reason. 17.2% male & 19.4% female adults cited “not in tune with times’ as also an important reason while 21.5% male & 25.3% female youth cited this also as a reason. Religious education: 62% adults said that Jain youth had religious education. Mandatory religious education: 92% \\ believed that religious education should be mandatory. Popularizing Jainism: 32.4% male & 34.3% females adults were in favour of Jain moral education in Schools or colleges while 40% male & 56% female youth supported this. Surprisingly, 43.4% male & 38.8% female adults and 35.0% male and 29.7% female youth supporetd organizing special camps /shivirs for Jain education. Page 63 of 87
Appendix – 1 Page 64 of 87
Page 65 of 87
Page 66 of 87
Page 67 of 87
Page 68 of 87
Page 69 of 87
Page 70 of 87
Page 71 of 87
Appendix – 2 Page 72 of 87
Page 73 of 87
Page 74 of 87
2 Page 75 of 87
Appendix III How is life at Jain homes? Roshani Jain, Team Lead SAP FICO at Metro GBS (2018-present) Answered May 29, 2018 Life at Jain homes is simply awesome. Currently, I am staying with my brother and his wife at Pune. My home is in Ahmedabad and Bhopal. Ahmedabad is home of Mumma and Papa where I born and brought up after 10th. Till 10th I was in Bhopal at my Nani's home. Routine at Bhopal 1. Morning at 7 and go to the temple before school. I never miss temple even if I am getting late for school. 2. Back at 1 PM, have lunch and watch my favorite cartoons. 3. Sleep for an hour and get up with tea and some help to Nani and Mami for making Papad, cleaning pulses or making some snacks. 4. At 6 dinner because I have taken the oath for not having dinner in Night. 5. At 6:30 temple for Aarti and at 7 Pathshala. 6. 9 PM at home complete homework and sleep. The above routines were there from Monday to Friday. On Sunday morning 8 AM Samoohik (Group) pooja with all Pathshala mates. Routine at Ahmedabad 1. Get up in morning at 7 and do darshan of Sikhar of MandirJi. 2. Help Mumma in all household work. 3. Go to temple do darshan and Jaap. 4. Back to home have breakfast and tea. 5. Go to the office which is 18 KM far from home. 6. Back from office in Night around 9:30 and have dinner. Due to CA study, I couldn't do swadhyaya daily but I tried to follow all Niyam as much as I can. Routine at Pune 1. Get up at 8 and help Bhabhi (Brother's wife) in cooking. 2. HavBreakfastst and ready for office. Bring lunch and Dinner together. 3. At 9:50 AM @ChaityalayaJi. DevDarshan and Swadhyaya. 4. At 11 AM office gym for a workout. 5. At 1 PM lunch. 6. Back from office around 10:30 after darshan at ChaityalayaJi. On Sunday 2 times at ChaityalyaJi for Pooja and Aarti. Earlier I was staying with one vegetarian girl and she respected my rules for making food with filtered water and making food after taking bath. Page 76 of 87
We follow to make food only after taking bath and with the filtered water only( Filtered water as per Jainism). We use wheat flour grinded by at our home in Ahmedabad/ Bhopal. We also avoid buying snacks from outside. We prefer and love to have home-made snacks. We use to go temple 2 times in a day if possible. We enjoy doing Tyaag (Sacrifice) of things on day to day basis. We enjoy doing Bhakti (Worship) at Temple. We can feel the peace and satisfaction in my life with whatever we have. In simple, Life at Jain home peaceful and satisfactory. Jay Jinendra! What is it like being a Jain? I feel so proud and lucky being a Jain. Why so?, because If I was not Jain : 1. I was not able to understand Karma which I can understand now. 2. I can’t be this much positive like I am right now. 3. I will not... What is more lucrative in the long run, being a SAP FICO consultant or being an auditor in one of the Big 4? I will say a brilliant question. I can answer it why because I had a plan to become an auditor but later I have decided to join SAP FICO. Why do people believe in karma if bad things happen to good people? People believe in Karma when they experience it. Often people think if we have done good with everyone why I have to pass on from bad phase in my life. “Law of Karma didn’t work only for the good de... What will you do if you ever get a chance to meet any Tirthankara, Jain god, or blessed devotees of Jainism? What I will do if I ever get a chance to meet any Teerthankara? “Well, this is not possible because Teerthankar already reached to salvation and for people like me it is not possible to reach there ... Which sect of Digambar Jain neither uses milk nor cut flowers for Abhishek of idols? Does AcharyaVidyaSagar belong to that tradition which discourages the use of milk and juice for Abhishek of idols? . TeraPanth (13 Sect) of Digambar Jain neither uses milk or cut flowers for worshiping God or doing Abhishek. There is reasons behind that. What I heard from my elders are below reasons Page 77 of 87
Why do most Jains choose to opt for businesses/family businesses even after getting selected in high-paying corporate jobs? It's not Jain's but all the people prefer to do business instead of the job. According to me below are the reason a Jain wants to move to business: 1. In Job, you have limited earning but... What flowers can be offered to Jain Bhagwan in a home temple (without Prathista)? Below answer is as per my knowledge. I belongs to Terapanthdigambar section of Jainism. Home temple can't be Prathisthit because of the Purity (Suddhi) issue. Regarding flowers, it's not correct to ... Can we take our parents to the Wipro campus on weekends? Yes, you can bring your friends or Parents on weekends in Wipro campus. Just you need to apply for Gate pass on Wipro portal. They will get Gatepass from reception after showing any government ID pro... Will they terminate if we won't clear the TrendNXT exam as a fresher in Wipro? No. Trendnext is Wipro initiative for your career growth (i.e:Band progression/ Promotion). If you are not able to clear trend next and the required point you will not ask for promotion , that’s it. Have you ever seen a Jain talking against wars? Who is that person? That’s me. Now why I use to talk against war. Jainism’s most important concept is Non-Violence. War is all about violence, I feel bad when I hear any news about war. I don’... What is the reason that Jains do not spread their religion, even after their population is declining? The below answer is my view. There may be some other Jain’s who don’t agree on the same. Jainism is a religion which believes that if you follow it by your own then only it make sense... Many Jains make holy festival/events like PanchKalyanak&Paryushan a medium for a social gathering or finding bride/groom. Shouldn't Jain community arrange special occasions for social gatherings & matrimony magazine or websites to avoid this? This is not correct. Jains celebrate holy festivals and Paryshan for worship (Bhakti). All these events not organized for this purpose. For matrimonial stuff, some different events Do you think Terapanth monks and nuns are shaving their hair instead of pulling them? No, I don’t think so and I don’t want to think so. I know if you are doing Condemnation of someone nothing happen to him/her. In fact, you are increasing bondage of Karma for yourself. Its Jain monks... Page 78 of 87
What can be done to unite different sections of Jainism, like Shwetambar, Digambara, etc.? “A simple thing needs to be done to unite is to stop differentiating” Till the time we all have in our mind that I am Digambar/ Shwetambar we can’t unite others. Because somewhere down the line, ... How is life at Jain homes? Life at Jain homes is simply awesome. Currently, I am staying with my brother and his wife at Pune. My home is in Ahmedabad and Bhopal. Ahmedabad is home of Mumma and Papa where I born and brought u... Are strong accounts needed for a CA? Strong Accounts needed for a CA? Yes/ No both. Yes, if you are planning to have career in accounting and auditing field. No, if you are going for field other than accounting and auditing. Strong account... What's the most interesting thing that happened during your article-ship period while pursuing CA? An interesting thing happened in the starting of my article-ship only. I came from a background where all the relatives are having a small business, where they don't need to contact any CA. When I was... What is the preferred group for CA? I am trying to understand why you are asking for the preferred group. You want to appear for 1 group only . I will not suggest you to go for one group. Try to work hard and appear for both groups Why don't Jain women protest against their naked Jain monks? I am Jain and female too and yes our monk don't wear clothes. This question never comes up in our mind. Why this never comes up in any Jain female mind: 1. Our upbringing done in a way that we never feel ashamed but feel honoured to have their blessings How many maximum number of exemptions can one take in the CA Final examinations? One can carry forward more than 1 exemption in next following 3 attempts. Below is the guidelines issued by ICAI : A candidate who has appeared in all the papers comprised in a grou... What are you ashamed of as an Indian? I am ashamed to see other Indians who are educated but don’t have manners. I am working in a IT company in Pune. There is go green campagion in Pune, due to which all the paper items banned by Wipro... Page 79 of 87
Where is the Holy Place of Jains and Buddhists? I am not aware of holistic places of Buddhist but I can share the Jain Holy places which I remember : Siddhakshetra 1. SammedShikharJi 2. PavapuriJi 3. GirnarJi 4. KailashgiriJi... Do chartered accountants on Quora have any love stories? If so, how did you manage that with CA? I couldn’t stop myself to answer this question. Wait a minute! I don’t have any love story. In my CA career, I have seen 3 love stories. Trust me the bonding they all have is just amazing. Can we do a CA and a B.Com regular without any problems? Yes, you can do it. Problems? It's up to you how you are managing. Normally we do have articleship from 11 AM to 5 PM and Bcom college upto 11:30, you can ask your employer for timing. I have joined o... Can I select the city while joining in Wipro or it is not in our hands.Can we also select the technology which we like to work? You can give your preference but you can't select the City. Same way you cant decide your technology. I will say everything is your luck with regards to technology and Location. If you are not happy ... Can Jains own a pet dog? Thank you for A2A @Ramesh Shah . Because it helps me to understand ND the reason. As per my knowledge, it's nowhere written in sculptures to not to own a pet Dog. Anyone can adopt one pet dog, in fact... I can't study anymore,so much is left for my CA final exams. Shall I quit CA? It will be my 7th attempt. Quit is never an option, it must be Decision. I will not say that leave CA if you are not feeling to give an exam. I will say give one more try and why I am saying that because I have learnt something... Why cannot Jainism be one as a whole and not divided in swethamberdigambar? There were already beautiful answers given by all still I want to try from my side. Jainism can be one as a whole if we the current generation and next generation, remove the dividing myths from our... Can we swipe in and out in any location (other than the base location) in Wipro while being in a free pool? Page 80 of 87
From latest change if you are in free pool you have to swipe in and swipe out at Top Gear or Library. As per the Wipro Policy Swipe in and Swipe out should be at the location mentioned in My Wipro. Why don't Digambar Jain society decides to renovate and repair the ancient Jain heritage sites, temples, and idols at places where there are ruins of Jain temples, sculptures, and idols? I feel that there is always lack of information and on this question, I can feel it. It's not like that Digambar Jain heritage is not getting renovated. There are many old sculptures in South India ... How should I do a CA article ship while working? Yes, He/She can pursue CA while working. Currently, CA course has stages: 1. CPT 2. IPCC 3. FINAL At my time we had PCC in which we have to work and study both because article ship started after CPT. So all the ... What do you mean by \"I am a Shwetambar Jain\"? Why can't you say that you are a Jain? There are two sections of Jains: Digamber and Shwetamber I have already explained the difference in my previous answer. I am a Jain belongs to Madhya Pradesh but my home is in Gujarat. I was born in a Digambar Jain family... Why is alcohol consumption increasing so rapidly among Jains? Yes, Alcohol consumption increasing among Jains. According to me, there is only one reason: Because of Friends or colleagues, people start drinking and after starting they are addict Jainism: As a Jain, how do you practice Anekantwad in day to day life? Any examples? I have basically 4 places where I can place my opinion and I use to follow that even if my opinion doesn't get a green signal and I never get hurt. I believe in work to be done instead of thinking to be stubborn... Why was there manipulation being done by ICAI? Are they playing with our future? Manipulation? Yes , they do. Now why they do so? There is only one reason according to me: To maintain the importance of CA course they have to do it. I have gone through all the suffering which you m... Page 81 of 87
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Banks, Marcus (1986) “Defining Division: An Historical Overview of Jain Social Organisation”, Modern Asian Studies, 20(3): 447-60. Banks, Marcus (1992) Organiasing Jainism in India and England.Oxford: Clarendon Press. Banthia, J.K. (2004), The first report of ReligionData. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, New Delhi, India Carrithers, M. (1989) ‘Naked Ascetics in Southern Digambar Jainism’, Man (NS) 24: 210- 235. Census of India 1961 (1963) Paper No. 1 of 1963, Religion. New Delhi: R. G. Office. Census of India 1971 (1972) Paper No. 2 of 1972, Religion. New Delhi: R. G. Office. Census of India 1981 (1984) PaperNo. 4 of 1984, Household Population by Religion of Head of Household. New Delhi: R. G. Office. Census of India 1991 (1995) Paper No, 1 of 1995, Religion. New Delhi: R. G. Office. Census of India 2001 (2005) First Report of Religion Data. New Delhi: R. G. Office. Colebrooke, H. T. (1872) Miscellaneous Essays. Madras. Cort, John E. (1991) ‘The ShvetambarMurtipujak Jain Mendicant’, Man, 26(4): 651-671. Cort, John E. (2001) Jains in the world: Religious Values and Ideology in India. New York and Delhi: Oxford University Press. Davis, Kingsley (1951) Population of India & Pakistan, New York: Russell & Russell. Desai, P.B. (1957) Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs. Sholapur. Dundas, Paul (1992) The Jains. London & New York: Routledge. Flugel, Peter (2006) “Jainism and Society”, Bulletin of SOAS 68: 91-112. Flugel, Peter (ed) (2006) Studies in Jain History and Culture: Disputes and Dialogues. London: Routledge. Flugel, Peter (2011) “Jain Monastic Life: A Quantitative Study of the TerapanthSwetambara Mendicant Order”,TulsiPrajana 38(150): 66-80. Page 82 of 87
Folkert, Kendal W. (1993) Scripture and Community: Collected Essays on the Jains. Atlanta: Scholars Press. GanniJnanamati (2007) Jaina Bharati: The essence of Jainism {English edition}. Hastinapur: Digambar Jain TrilokSodhSanshthan. ISJS (2017), Jain Population in India: Hauz Khas tehsil, New Delhi. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: New Delhi district, New Delhi. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: A Sociological Study of Jain Community in Belgaum District, Karanataka. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: A Sociological Study of Jain Community in Pune District, Maharashtra. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: A Sociological Study of Jain Community in Solapur District, Maharashtra. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: A Sociological Study of Jain Community in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: A Sociological Study of Jain Community in Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: A Sociological Study of Jain Community in Bhopal District, Madhya Pradesh. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: A Sociological Study of Jain Community in Sagar District, Madhya Pradesh. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. ISJS (2018), Jain Population in India: A Sociological Study of Jain Community in Indore District, Madhya Pradesh. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. Jain, Dheeraj (2017) Population of Jains in India (A Perspective from the Census 2011). New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. Jain, Jyoti Prasad (1983) Religion and Culture of the Jains. 3rd Edition. Delhi: BhartiyaJnanpith. Jain, M. K. (1975) “Jains in India: How Many and Where?” Tirthankar, Vol. 1(2): 8-23. Page 83 of 87
Jain, M. K. 1986 “A Demographic Analysis on the Jains”, Jain Journal, Vol. 21(2): 33-50. Jain, Muni Uttam Kamal (1975) Jain Sects and Schools. Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. Jain Prakash C. (2010) “For a Sociology of the Jain Community”, TulsiPrajna 37 (146): 63- 76. Jain, Prakash C. (2011) Jains in India and Abroad: A Sociological Introduction. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies. Jain, Prakash C. (2014) “Contemporary Jain Demography”, in Jain, Shugan C. and Prakash C. Jain (Eds) Social Consciousness in Jainism. New Delhi, International School for Jain Studies & New book Corporation India. Jain, Prakash C. (2015) Socio-Economic Change among the Jains of Bundhelkhand: A Sociological Study. New Delhi: Indian Council of Social Science Research (Mimeographed) Jain, Prakash C. (2019) Studies in Jain Population and Demography, Jaipur and New Delhi: Rawat Publications(Forth Coming) Jain, Ravindra K. (1999) The Universe as Audience: Metaphor and Community among theJains of North India. Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study. Jain, Shalin (2017) Identity, Community and State: The Jains under the Mughals. Delhi: Primus Books Jain, Shugan C. and Prakash C. Jain (Eds) (2014) Social Consciousness in Jainism. New Delhi: International School for Jain Studies & New book corporation India. Jain, Yogendra (2007) Jain Way of Life. Getzville, New York: Federation of Jain Associations in North America. Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1979) The Jain Path of Purification. Delhi: MotilalBanarasidass. Jaini, Padmanabh, S. (2000) Collected Papers on Jaina Studies. Delhi: MotilalBanarsidass. Jaini, Padmanabh, S. (2001) Collected Papers on Buddhist Studies, New Delhi: MotilalBanarsidass Jaini, Padmanabh, S. (2018) “A South Indian JainaRathosava (Chariot Festival) at Nelikar in Tulunadu”, CoJS Newsletter, Issue 13, pp. 30-37. Page 84 of 87
Joshi A.P., et al. (2005), Religious Demography of India, Chennai, Center for Policy Studies. Kapadia, K. M. (1966) Marriage and Family in India. Bombay. Karve, Irawati (1965) Kinship Organization in India. Second edition. Bombay: Asia Publishing House. Kumar, Bhuvanendra (1996) Jainism in North America. Missisauga, Ontario: Humanities Press. Laidlaw, James (1995) Riches and Renunciation: Religion, Economy and Societyamong the Jains. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Long, Jeffery D. (2009) Jainism: An Introduction. London and New York: I. B. Tauris. Mahmood, Tahir (1993) “Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs: Religious Identity, Beliefs and Practices under the Indian Legal System,” Religion and Law Review 2 (2): 5-28. Mehta, D. (n.d.) ShrimadRajchandra: A Life. Ahmedabad: ShrimadRajchandraJanmaShatabdiMandal. Mehta, M. and D. Tripathi (1991) Business Houses in Western India. New Delhi: Manohar Books. Nevaskar, Balwant (1971) Capitalists without Capitalism: The Jains of India and the Quakers of the West. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Corporation. Reynell, Josephine (1991) “Women and the Reproduction of the Jain Community”, pp. 41- 68, in M. Carrithers and C. Humphrey (eds.) The Assembly of Listeners. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Risley, Herbert. (1915) People of India. Calcutta. Sangave, Vilas A. (1980) (1959) Jain Community: A Social Survey. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. Sangave, Vilas A. (2006) (1990) Aspects of Jaina Religion. New Delhi: BhartiyaJnanpith. 5th edition. Sethi, Manisha (2012) Escaping the World: Women Renouncers among Jains. New Delhi: Routledge. Shah, C. J. (1932) Jainism in North India. London: Green & Co. Page 85 of 87
Shah, Natubhai (1998) Jainism: The World of Conquerors. 2 Vols. Blighton: Sussex Academic Press. Shah, Sneh (1977) “Who Are the Jains?” New Community, 7: 369-75. Sharma, Jagdish P. (1976) “The Jains as a Minority in History and Society”, Jain Journal 5 (April): 137-148. Singh, R. P. (1975), Jainism in Medieval Karnataka. Delhi: MotilalBanarasidass. Singh, K. S. (1998) “Jain”, pp. 1327-1338, India’s Communities, H–M (People of India National Series Vol. V). Delhi: Anthropological Survey of India and Oxford University Press. Singh, Yogendra (1973) Modernization of Indian Tradition. Delhi: Thomson Press. Singhi, N. K. (1987) Studies in Jainism: Ideal, Ideology, and Practice. Jaipur: Printwell Publishers. Singhvi, L. M. (1990) The Jain Declaration on Nature. London: Office of the High Commissioner of India. Spratt, P. (1966) “Jainism”, pp. 300-314, in Hindu Culture and Personality: A Psycho- Analytic Study. Bombay: Manaktalas& Sons. Stevenson, Sinclair (1995) (1915) The Heart of Jainism. 3rd Edition. Delhi: MunshiramManoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Syamlal (1992) “The Jain Movement and Socio-Religious Transformation of the “Bhangis” of Jodhpur, Rajasthan”, The Indian Journal of Social Work LIII (1): 59-67. Thornton (2003) (1898) Parsi, Jaina, and Sikh: Or Some Minor Religious Sects in India. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. Timberg, T. A. (1978) The Marwaris: From Traders to Industrialists. Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. Tripathi, Dwijendra (1981) The Dynamics of Tradition: KasturbhaiLalbhai and his Entrepreneurship. New Delhi: Manohar. Tripathi, Dwijendra (ed) (1984) Business Communities of India: A Historical Perspective. Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors. Upadhye, A. N. (1946) “Studies in JainaGotras”, Jain Antiquary II (3): 61-69. Page 86 of 87
Vallely, Anne (2002) “Ethical Discourses among Orthodox and Diaspora Jains” in Michael Lambek (ed) A Reader in the Anthropology of Religion. London: Blackwell Publishing. Varni, Ganesh Prasad (1948) Meri Jeevan Gatha (in Hindi). Kashi: Bhargava Bhushan Press. Varma, Subodh. (2016) “Now Majority of Families have 2 or less kids”, New Delhi: The Times of India. Varma, Subodh. (2016)“Now Majority of Families have 2 or less kids”, New Delhi: The Times of India. Varma, Subodh (2016) “Triple Talak effect?” 5 in 1,000 women divorced”, New Delhi: Times of India. Weber, Max (1958) “The Heterodox Soteriologies of the Cultured Professional Monks”, pp. 192-204, in The Religion of India. New York: Free Press of Glencoe. Williams, R. (1963) Jaina Yoga: A Study of the Medieval Sravakacharas, London: Oxford University Press. Williams, Ramond Body (1988) Religions of Immigrants from India and Pakistan. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ******** Page 87 of 87
Search
