The Usborne children's encyclopedia_clone

m“.\" (WW Bmldha began Buddhism among mli3d0\"W.J1 agmmo,ld)L”eanItnesrB,taaBtunuegdskdoohkifs,BmTuhsdapdilrhaeana.dd,ttoheArseiais, H or. - \"‘2‘ '1‘“, a - \"8 Q Ssmeeastern religions, like They believe all things are Taoists wantpeopletolive Taoism,have no gods. Taoists eitherfemale (called Yin) or simply and film Wllh nature.’ say everything in life is sacred male (called Yang). Ym and Theyshouldtryto bellkeastlcl secouseitispartot nature. Yang balance each other. floating Inastream. Wh . t do witch doctors do? l I ' H‘ EJ:: ' ' \"..if?'3‘:54a,ll. .. i .. ' ‘ L“ 1 ' i “g l' 1‘. ' 'l' v a; '3':1““ 3 — i'. l It ‘.. 1 ‘ ‘_ t ' t I It. - ' tShoamt seicAkmneesrs-'c'aIons“d'\"ibrdita'so-dwn|sUhCobkewaho'raervke 2:13iihI zii-haachhadveochtaodrsbtaoddrluivcek ililriosuegdhbviiiiecvliespand sorcerers. tuhsem' egvibl esapdirsit,sfefraotmhetrhseairnhdopmt.pePs,S, i '' w'h. ' ‘' - ~ . hink spirits stay 0\" l’i' ‘l ' \" the person who hosdned die, _ as animals or ln you leave gifts for them. people’ ’3'

-° w obabl be \" ana'sa‘_'5'... _.<'- . PeOple also danced to tell a Ballroom dancing beSOnat I . ostrotroy,blr0inmgalukeckthInea”f‘lEgmhpt.s grow +4 nfbrigpiiople toycelegbrate court aosfftahewlrabyefaourtllfaudldierse's0ses. something orto worship gods. Show Inventing dances Nowadays,pe0ple dance to PeOple laughed atdances such WoCnh5oT5ree0opgseradpuapnhtcireserasmropeveepfemo0erpmnlte.s .- keepfit, meet others,followthe asthetango and thetwist, until latest fashion and forfun. they became popular. Ways of dancing Awe: --§ ~. ‘Iu Taoahlrnoedmnreelaekasoesrrewfitomiurthmpanyaayolputwharaasrtyennsleft.rora,Mfdydoioatduionecncrainannlgddf.aoaYnlnlococuewec.issafenrtedsetaernpcse lndlan dancers move their hands, eYes and What is ballet? bodies more than their feet. Whirling dervisheS f_ stamp and twirl in rhythm. Russian dancers crouch down and kick out theirfeetverY fast. A A StaLkOneScSse'C.ydeOoaI nrbseaoollfenttrtahisienatinodegifsftioWculhelitachrn. The Russians made bottom” twsdrfiShzirzidnygézoggeyfi?fien exciting by making the mus\" and dance tell a 5’00\" ltalian and French royal courts

II II ' n ' I I .II I I II .I '_I: .-- . '3‘ ' I_II .I 'I. .I ..I ' II l . I. I - _i I. II .I -=l._ I II {III IIIJII I ' I I. II I I --' 'I-'I I‘I . II I '_ i II \".‘-III . .' _II' II_I IF; II! 'I - ”IIII I-4I.:I‘_ - '.IgF III'I'I‘L' 1'4' .I.'I:-: _ 'I . .- - I\"III: '.'I-LI'. El -JI. -I;él_ I I- -I-—— tAhcetyorwsewreor.Ien frowning masks it tlnhethaetreDsa.Irnk Ages there were no 'I a tragedy (a sad Europe. AcrobatS, Behind the scenes at the theatre -,_ ' 0- _ v 0cbSPoU.IeuQ'oltdpIilfegleo£tia3rns. ?dt.tI”hfiwtlemAak',.hi.t-lc-c'‘1Ifih3ci._“—5...;.p. ta.n.tIPcat tyGe..esodw.peolekugt mmstrels and lugglers travelled play), and smiling masks If they .r around ente, rt_ ai_ning p_ e_ o.p.....le. were in a comedy (0 happy one). III-1mg!.t ' .-'t:I :1\" .. .II. ‘1'. I 1.; _ I .- .- III . _'_I'I I_' II I. IIIII \" ‘-I ' r 'I- - I __ . II I II I~ I-II III- I II II .. - - _ II I I.I'I-I .. .. I. . . Actors often dress up in I _ I' ' . I“ . I II IE 1- _ :I'fil -. . :‘II: ' '. - ' r ' II. .I' III_II.'.I r' it. '_IZI-iL I-I_ - 1 .. '. I ,. ‘ '. 't. I- I : I . I '_ ' I-_\".I . ‘. I '.‘I' '.I '..'-\"I 'I \" \"'- : ‘ '_ .. l. 'I' . I . -.- 'I _' -- . I' _I.'f.‘f'1.'I-'::I__1'—II—_I-I-_'..I_.-'.'.1:II‘.I-I1..!'.:.\"~- .'I:“'.-I'-..II.I-__a:-\".I‘-'lI.IIII-I'‘_'..i.I'.l'.---IIIJ1--_I.I,I.r1'lIII—' II-r' - .II' ' ._ . —' - _- . -\" .- . costumes to look like the I ' I . I r’-\". '' I I I‘ __ I I _ _ .II\" I__ -'..I _ III I . . --II .. --I — I_ _ II -' I-_ . . II _-I 'III. a\" “I _ -'.- . ‘.'- . . _'_, ‘. III .II-'1'” ‘..-'. .'. -._ _ -. . . :r ..II :1- II. . .. ._ II II-'..'|-.' IIIII IIII‘I.t-I II\"IIrIIIIt'I!I.\"‘. III_ I_III'IiII\"-1I_IIIII III _I . .III I .' I I n.| I .l a II I Powerful lights shine on the I'I person they are supposed main actors as they speak. Someone controls the lights to be in the play. ' tromthe side otthe stage. ' II .I Ii\" . I' 5.. '” -\"._ _II'I -_I -..‘.-xi\" \" I. '.'II'I'l'I-‘I. \"‘.I-III III:-I .I . “'.. .-_ I | | e CI OI Ie Sl e OC | O | S 'I'I'II'I . IIIII‘Z‘I-II' .1- I ‘I III} I 1| I II . _I... I .- I- I I.- I'.\"\"I-I...--'fI'.-:I _I-In1f--ii5\":\".I..' I I II '_ _' ;_ . ' ' _. ' -*\" . \" -.1“ ml-\"~? -'-'=-'\". .. .' .I.I I‘II'\" _ II.._'-II' _'_': III . . acre--I.'--='\". 3' ' :. .' “2.:'..'..I ' I -.'.I I __ . .. . . II I -I II.- ' III I' '- I' - ..III, ' ..‘flII IIIII-I III II-II\"”;'__. . -, _ \"I _ _; - :. I .'—. III I rI . I .III III . II_flII-IaII--Iu__.: .I-II 2 . I '_ II I .-_-. :'- I'II-_'.__ I‘III.- I.- i ..- . \". 1 III - I - \". _IuI '1 .- I_IIIII ._'PI'II\"III.II\":IIIIII. _ l' '_ .VI -_\"-'.'I. '.'- I - ..r—.._'.- - 1- - I. ' _.. - ' ‘ - \"-.. ' .'.-. . rI - . I — _-' -'--- r --- -I . - I\"I \"'.--I:i..f= JF. :P-I.,.EI\"I \":-. ....:-. __.'_ ._ III ___I. _ .\"\" I . -I . I I. r I ‘ II - -I — ._ II I _._ - I'I *I‘II.' . _..jI_ I I -. . I ..I.-II_ ._- - . j- WI.'. .I' 4's}? In \"--III'I- '.- ._ 1 -.-'-I;-.I.,II-'II I'... ._. '- - _.-.. 1' '-'- \"-_-?- - . .-. II. - '.- II ' I II .- -. I_ I .- -_ 1 . . . . , _._ I' ' .I- I I I _ I II . _'' : .- I q. .I I ' - l\" _ ..III. I - -'- I .I“:--:.II.- +-. . I'IFI-'IIJ -I.-I_. .I . “I 'I I .- -'.- . . _ {a}: .._-II-'.-_..._,'II\"I.'I\"II..-I'I_\".I-.I“r.:L....-..-I'._I_'_I .I.I.'I_;--'\"1'II._I'-,I-,T..I.'.--'.'.'-II__II.;’I_'\"III'-',II--.tI--.'.-'J_'I_I_I-.I-IJI.—I\"_I'-.I,-II-'..I-_._-I.II- . '\".\"IT,..I-I;_-1‘.r_*-...‘-_ I-'.II.\"I.,. '-_-.-.'.i...'-Il'I-.‘_.I-.I-J._‘-I-_1-rI.a:3-'t-_I--.._-I.I''.-II-II_I'II''I--_-'.-_-:_..\"...\"-.- -. .I _ ., _ t' 3\"\" 'I . . ' I'I-I':\" '--I.v. - - \"-.. III ' ,.-I..I-.-‘I|'-_I-I.-.,d:‘..-\"-- .r - -I_I..__I. __ -. - 5“. I.Ir _ - _ .II-_..d _. .--' I .. -,!. .-‘-- '_-. .— ' -’ _ |.'. uI I..- -r--+'-' ‘. II _ . . '.‘wv-d: ' -I_II_. ”'.a. . _ . I III\" -.- . . . HI PI...“I1-_.I ..:--.-I’--- . . II-I' ...- I ' I_ .n.-- ,:t' .' - -- ' -' . .2“. .. Ip-. '.‘ .— I. ;.,_.._ ' - I.II-t-I_. I -- - I.-- -' r--“.I.: --- I”! I..-... ..- '..-.— \"IJ. '..\"'I'.'.+-‘I _._ '. ...- '-|'.'LI-\".. .I _jI.f-h.' I . ._\"-.'.'--.;.‘-- 'r I‘-'.-'-\" . -I'I-..'I----'.I..'!-:-I''IIr\"}'?-\"\"' _--.-..-I._\". .. - . .- . '._ I‘I ' ..I'.'I.I-.-..I. .'.-..-'I . . _ - _ 'IIIH .-' . -.-I _ :- -.. ... . .; ._ . _I'I:-:-. .. 1-. .. _ -_I. .I.;. . .. -_ - 3.. . _. . -. -. . ..'.'I -_ Jr. person ' ' ' ' '- - '1'1I..-I--‘:_-_\"{I '\"I-'*._.I'II_.'_‘I'I..I-\".I1_-I- 1\"'3I' . I'I'-.I--I''-.'.I-H\".,' I I. II . I. - 1'- - _.' J .' I '_ ' _ I_''IIII_I. - II -. \" ' -'....-'2._\"7r-\"..'.I-'-\"- -\"..-- 'I-- ' -. .._ '- -_-I'I_II-.I. - 1 ' .I I‘..I4'h. ' .' I- - '.. \". '- I' .I''‘..-.I'_-I-':..3..'_\" _ - . II.\" - .\"I'\"I.:I..-_r3-\"I: _ ILI P'..- .IIIII ' - —IIII\" _ '- - '.- -__2.- _ :i' 1_ I.-_- .‘J'J ...'. -_ .I'l-IIIP,.I I.'J I. 1': _- Ir. - .'-- _ .-u -I_ '.j' : \" i1'J-. \"_-'. \" I - ' In. writes ' '- ' .-1--. '. '- - 'r ' 'l- .. _-.'_--I._I-_--__--I'_.I-'-_‘.:-_' ' II II '.IJI\" ..I I__—j _ . '_ - _I-ti'.. _.I I\".'II a . ; . .- '- .-'__.j.-_jlIl.' F1' ; ._I.._I\".._.-.I‘.-.‘--' II'ILIII flak-\"g\" . :I - .- - - . _ _ . .'l .-..-- II...I_III—I. _ ._ ' :- “.t.- '. _ I --.' . I' _ II I'III \" \"\"I'II I '. _' .;_ -_..-I.- '-- .-_ - I . '.-' 'I . ' \"' ._ ''..''._. I. ‘ ‘- 2 4' - 'II-HI'' 1. ' .'.:'-,\"I:I._.I_\"' \"II-- ;I,:-t.-;'_1\".-I,'I--;II'I-;.--_|'-.'I -'., '--II.--.?.I''' -\"_. -,II'I‘III- I_I.I.- 61' I _. |. _ _ . ' _ . __ r: '.I' .--I _ .. -'I'.‘:-.. .'- . _ ..' '.'I- . .. -- 3-:- . . -. . :_ .' -:' -'-\"-'I I“ II -.III\".II 'I -. -.__-:.. .\"- -'-*.' '.- It\" ' If?\" ‘3”- r. :- n '- - -- -I' I '- '' I II I . ..'.II— I 1\" II ._. III .III IIII _ , If... I . III I .II- I I, ' III-I__. I III I_._. 5-2| :135:: I__-III_III|._I_ .III_ .'I - I .' I. _I -_II I .‘ I I_I I - .. -I I_I_I_ -- .' I .' ' '‘ r- 4_ I . .— . .'- .. 'I pIIII II' . -' .II l .... --- I- I:- I 5' l- I I. 3*\" I’.I.III.f--.-h.'I-‘-I_ .. II \"I.I'.I- ..:' ' ‘- '- I- - . I - . _ II _ \"I\". _ .- -. I‘ I _ . ‘ .. III I_.I.. I. - - \" _I.-' I.-\"_ l- . 'I_\" - .'I ...I I - -- qII-'I .. ' ' 'I '-. ' . ' I'- I -=I I 'l;.I I J' r_.'I-f.'I_II'u.I.. . - JI....I\" ' . . I I '' ' _ .' . I. .. -f‘ -_ ..''.-\"'II '-. \"f“II'.I.'E'II . II‘. . I. .- .-'__ I‘II- E: I.\" -.- -I.}I-.. I .r_..-I'.'... .- u __I . ' . - ' .- '- . . . -.-:--I'I‘I . ...- -¢. . -. _ _ .- _1'- _;I‘ _-_»- ' . -' -:~ -‘-L_' II'-- +--- -. - .'. . .:. . .—--._I-.-II. 32- :-:-:-' flea-H - .--- - '- . - . - . - .- . .- ..I- I. ---. a' .. . _ Ira-r. .I. -...—.-'I_-._I..- . - -.- - a - I . . _._L - '- -I I_ II I. - 4'.“'If‘ 'I I1 I \". .‘.‘III -.‘I--_.' -. \" II .. . ' -._1. -_._ - 1.-I1.I'II.'...'_I..IT-r...r'n’._\"' II_;I-;II_. II .. -I - I ’__. \". . _,-I. I I. I d . _ 'I . I\"'II- .. . - .-\"_ -.'..' .I _ \" _ . “I ...-. _...:-'.,_a- t- I; - . I I '=- v.3;- - - -. _ . . --.:f -.:- _ : . -'.:.-._._I I.-_-‘. :._.-:----'.' - .'.9-.“ -. : - . I — _I - III - J.--‘ _-_ -_. . I JII'I_ _ I\"' -\"- ' - - - . . - _. i'..\".'-. . .’I. .'- . -.\"- '- .'I.—.I..'-I-_.-_I'JI.. I'- -.-\".._‘._\"_I.-- '.-_-- - --I'..'; - -._H- ‘_I.. -- _ \"'I\" . . \"... *‘fif -. '-'.. -I_.__ ' -- . 'F. 'Ilh _ .l . . .- .. - _.-- . Ifh I\"! - .I '.. I - \" . II _ _‘_ \"-- I.‘IIII-_F'¢I‘ _' . .-_ ‘II'I I_._. __‘I'II'.' ' ' .'I I.\" -- .- II I 'I- _ _ I =- 1 II:'I— III'II'o.'. .. . - IITI -.,-'\"-. '\"I\"_.Ii.i\"--II-.II1$- 3.rII' 'I..._.--'' -:12'\\_-'I-I-.-I;'II-,'I_I._._.-I_:_II I'£.'-. I II _-.\"''’1I ‘.\" I I I, I I. _ SI _ 'I.‘ I_ II'I..II I - - . HII. . I.I.\" - -_ . I. '. ' --. I'I .L\"- -1' - .. .- . .'IJ'\".I'I\"\"I -- - -. . .1_I-\" IWt-ar-\"I .. I_-I - - _- I 'a .' _ _... . _. ..- I. “ . Ipr..-\"I'- I ' *1 -' -- _.___. '_ II II :..'— '__ r” . ' ' - .- ‘ .' ' , ' . .n:. ' - . I. .I' I ._ . .-.I I -II| |- . I- 3\" . \"fr :' .. -I I I'. .' . I I -. --\". ' '— II. - -_f-' I ....e...:I'1:\" ' 4‘, ' . '- r'I 'I -' I '.I ' I.\" I '+-,I.\"r_ .11 .-.-II.II'_I - - I. -. .-I- .I . .' . - _ ' '- . II ‘I'F' ' .II .‘.. . .I E‘f-‘I- . 't' - : ----'-r\" I 1{-I'--.--. Ira .- .I -' I . . . -'.' ’.I I. . {I III. . II Ia\"n-n1.1I-- .\"I\"III-' ‘3’ I._ ' ' ' fl. _ '1' -_ \"‘1I 5-.\" - ,I 'II-' ._II- ._ IiII'IIIrI'IIIIIIIII' . ;-3'- .- I_II-.. .-'._I.I'_'. r:--“_ I\"'-' - . .'II. ._ ....-_ _4.- . . -I\"4I” - . r . 543' .-.=' . . . - .-_ --'- .- -'- _ - -- . __ I . f..-.. - - _ a'_ rII I __.I' .-_1' . _ ..II\" . I: _‘_ ._:_._‘..-I- :.I- . — I I_-_ . _ III :_ __ . . I 'st-r ui' t?-' III I III I . __ .\"'.- I {II _I .I I _.__|I . .-‘ I II I _ II .\"II I _I '. _ -. II -- '. II_ '.. '. I I -':I\"-'_\" II 'Il -I ' '. '' ..‘ . I.'.:t_I-I_HI-'.'-.1'_,. .H‘...‘r T.;- '--_ \" ._.. '.' 'I I.. E a.I“I H'- ' -'. il- '.'t-\" _ ' -I'F I....' ' -I - I -. ' ' 'I-'-- \". tI ' I 't. I.- I’1. I_I'_I\"\" 1- \" 4'. -'-. I - . It' . ' I.- . . .I '- ' I - IF“ I- ‘t.' \". ‘'-'I' .- r -'-_I'r-I\"I''.._ u' ‘l‘ . -- - -. I. I . '- I_I-t ' a I-'I'I \" IE‘III , I\"! I '.IT'I I __ II ' _ I ' I I ..- ' .1. . the who II. . . .. I ..4 - .Ir .- \"'..II I L The I ...-.1..- st!“ I IIF'I'IIII I i'r I.- I. I II'IIII 'I —:I I'I'II-III-I I J \" I I | I \" II I \" 'r II. Scenery and props (objects ii play is called a dramatist. used in the play) are often 1 putonthe stageto make it look more realistic. Qpera began in Italy. In an opera the actors Mime means actin without words. The mime 5mg ll'tElt\" lines to music instead ot Speaking artist shows his tefiings by making faces and “mm Operas usually have an orchestra, moving his body. In Japan whole plays, _ COlOU'tul costumes and scenery. called Kabuki, are acted in mime.

cShoimldreetneaacrheelirksethpinoktst,hwataiting Obqeutheliesktrei.solnti.hglihentaki.ndtgesataochhm.riena—gnysohn,Idoeeualds. \" . to be filled with information. I . i! #2,“: Why learn things? Education can mean f. dPheiefflOpeprtelhenelmteraetroansltiovhneinsbgbesutfttoetrrhelmivyaeansl.yl hOW lo do things 0nd ‘23::igngm howthey were done before FHLREEOLAPMRSNAYINNOOGUTTHA0ERUFONCDROEEURINGSTNTRAYINA. DNiiigoi”5 l YSYOOHUUARCWEAANTNHTWEMTROITWREIETTMHHEIONMTGBHSEERRDSOT.HWENM IFOR MOST PEOPIE AROUND THE AOMNNFOODWRHEAAHVDFOIARNBYEGBSEIETFMSUIMANANENYTTDOOPOEGLOTEEHPATELRERHNEWHSRAPAVOY.ERSTS WORLD LEARN THE THINGS THEY NEED TO SMRV/VE/ SUCH AS HOW TO GROW FOOD AND BUILD THEIR HOMES. LEARNING HOW THINGS WORK HEIRS PEOPLE TO COPE WITH MACHINES AND LOOK AFTER THE/R MONEY. :‘hoermégtfizogozzbom' YOU When YOU 90 to school you are taught the bOSlC C l rn S P‘0e‘obpelfeoareroyuoiiutdayieoufpivineciiiUgl earn a stho‘lmr‘QeSthi’iOnUg ”66d to know. Trying Sgrmggne w 96 a 900d Way Of learning. out is a subject is calle

. a. .1 ' . ..-_ r . ..._ . ' ‘— ..._ u. . -_'II - - . : rI. .' . .T ' .n '1 .‘i _ . . ,_ .‘ .' .. 3'- ._.I. ' . '- ._. .I. _. I. '..I _“,. . . '_.-_ .._l i iMtnoaAbnenycfiiyteeanantrdGs braergeaocveeb,oswyosetrihneaSttrptahaienrytead, In the past girls were taught Two hundred years ago there different things from boys, such could fighttheir enemies. aSsltllsterwueinIgn and cooking. This is were few schools. Children who had rich parents were some places today. taught at home by a tutor. iii-._s ‘4 i I ‘II .. l _. 'l’ a\". I :. ' .l l. Therewere no free schools until Not everyone hasa choice These Bolivian children are many peOple begantolive and aboutwhatto learn. Mexicans havingfunatschool learninga work in big cities.Governments in Patzcuaro have to learn how traditional dance. One day paid for schools out of taxes. to make hats for a living. their own children may learn it. Education today l -- . . . if“ -' I... \" '- '. Halfthe children inthe world As well as ordinary schools, People ofallages can goto fi‘reeYn9o0wtotafuogrhstemvesrcahl oyoealsrsw.hich these schoolsto learn all kinds there are many kinds ofspecial schools. of different subtects. When the)! leave school, some inventions such as television Lessons beamed rcoaunnbdethsehared_ Peoplego to a college to learn and computers have made new world by satellite ',_ :_; . by people '\" different places. ”0’9 about a subiect. ways of learning possible. 9?

aaItnbpyoeurOutplheleos,wlitvhtehediyngwtosogsuehltdhoeudrlidswabigtehreoeut To ovoid this, they choose done and get in o muddle. some peOpleto orgonize things and make lows. This is called the government. A dictotor is o leoder who decides how to run the If 0 leader refuses to listen to what peOple wont whot peOplewont. He tghoevyesronmmeetinmtoefsthgeetcaonugnrtyrYabnYdfotarkCe9.o1vheIrSthI'SeCO ll ed Semg. igptegrnoiresttwhfeortuSetpdaetscoktpiontegovrso.te. Some longs ond o revolution every few yeors. Most of th e and you vote for 50m eonefrom 9 over'nm' enttFY to wmv odults con vote for th e eo | p e Youroreq Those who w _ \"Wm lheY wontto runthings.p PeOple who g_et lOgetherto \" -_ sfior1i’mseserutehnianzregeOtehrneeogcuoogvlhleerodnfm0theenmt trY 10 Change ' aInpBrertstosmurewgerrOeU\"Fexnsia-lendd07”dI ” tothgiseoofgteeronnuewpwoTrIOkhWse.yS' vSoUtHer'OA2e238),w'Oom'needn themsglveisloTrgeili:geicigggnl?hs;filfif¥we“ 98

Ii in - 3fl.:“-hill-ii-.... .a ,..I -| u” .3....”..} {trail 1: m.- .; I] a!,.:-._._. 'i. -. ' I.‘: .1 I. __.-r__,.‘ . 11%;..- .' I *‘i'tf- _:-.’i,i 4H} ' ' ' \"iii-5 Ilh‘ii“;“\":f. 33?”! i- ii ‘ -if}: i i . -I iII iI\"' _-'i”i’r'- I 1 'I-r ' - |||__.:-- I I are-n no. as .--1\"I‘ I' '- _ '..-. l. i\"! it: -I '.I-. ._” m. ment theks after many'i\" ‘ “ 11- --\" ' _'- l-:3,Ii .1 ..m. u.. I 1': .''Idf 'IIJ-E:i; _ :_ '- _ .- .~'. 5' I -' ' \" ... -' ' I : ’t1tl' ’.- -'i I I iI. u_ . {.- . \" --. _-.l' , ;--- iI . i .' '.' II. in... - _ l-iwi. — - . -_ - . L-. I i _.J-‘ — -a' - -' - - I ,- I I. I I.\"' i _' |. .: ... l -_ E ‘. . i 9.; -i ‘ I '. — - - -' . '-' - . L. ‘1~ . ..... i -' I - I‘I ' \"_ . iI . .I-.J.. . ' \"I‘.‘ '- I' ' -' \". ' .' _ . 1.- I '- ' I -_. . '' __ i. r. . 'H‘ ; .. a .1} If; I. \"i.\" .. l '1'1 '1_.'‘-.I-.--- . . . .- ‘ ‘- 1' .r.':.' -..\"-._.L-'--~+ .-2l .I -I -_ ‘.' :. . _. _ I '.l '4'\"- 4I ~_ .' I- . 'I '1. \"_..- J. - : - . _, . . .i . ”.- ' -_--.'-.I\" -. . - - r-_.‘ '- :- .: ff .r. -.l'. _j --.-- .-I I t. -L' ryday life. __ \"_'. a. .l':. -._+- . . :1. ” -.,.-~. -'1' _. i. 4. 'fi,l__'h |I_f l -. __ _|.- - ,I I_ -“ _ t -_ ' -\" 'tLT: ' f .| 'I I .3 . I .III'. ‘I I Most governments run the One part of the government airlines, railways and looks after education in transport systems which schools and colleges. It pays people use to travel around. for research in art and science. Apart ofthe government Some governments take care provudes a police force and of peOple’s health by paying courts to keep low and order. for hospitals and doctors. ad . . I I Hi. TI: 1\" . . . \"-‘h‘ Most countries keep armed Some governments build forces and weapons in case parks, museums, and places for there IS a war. peeple to enjoy themselves.

I II: .I'n‘ 4 _.r it“: I\" _” .I_ I. .' Ii. . I; ,7?! l' ‘I —- ‘_'.'1-_ .-T .'. .I- T . ) . ' ‘.' ' _ ll . \"”2‘5.' 3li.l . ' I: ' 1r I i I .\"r' II... ; I '- '___'-._d_' ‘ . . I ; ‘.~.__ . _| ~; H:- ’-- L Z'.' . 5 .h.‘ . i I IL“..IIT.:' T:. '.:'-J.Ii’p'lj_.'.I I.._IH;I¥'J h 'i .I-Tc 'I 1 . r| \"T :: _ ' Q0 ? Iltl __ I _. .. . 7 - _. ' _ . 3‘ . l' A l l- I ' '_ __ ' I -I . _ ._ .. .3 ‘ - - ‘n. l _. \" __..- I .II .. _ ¢| ‘'-- i. ‘1 \"i A HI!- I. \" ,. '. ..l 't,_ TagahtmeseoEssa.prOhthenriesew.aAtratihrpeipsmemdisaiodnxeayoglafeysneewvr eohrifacalhidrp,ifecfeoarplleelendtatnhed Air is all around you, but you cannot see it. You can feel it, but only when the wind is blowing animals need to breathe to stay alive. against you. The wind is moving air. Al. f does nothave oauntymspaellcn. al lfyou go on blowing air into a '1‘“. . shape. ltspreads balloon, itwill burst, because Cllt'ECltOhS and IS everywhere. the air pushes so hard against When a parachute falls, ittraps air underneath it. The airpushes the inside otthe balloon. up against the parachute, making itfallslowly. Hot air rises A: m- Hotalr balloons lift off the 1;\"; milegggs'i.h€§;ed’ ground because hotair inside A gas burner heats the 0'] . haoirtaarioricudn“dJgI'at aen”d?raisnSe'lpestXfiuecPpecO.woTarldtrfiedss. tthheemamir OarkoeuSntdhtehmemll.terthan insidethe balloon. When Ills switched off the airinsidell coolsandthe balloon land5~ «3 ~34 . ' —I Trapped air keeps-things thkdhBi.rds fl UH Up thei‘r feathe ° ¢$W35§s°n9~335g'\"‘”' ' 00,I30” a ers tO eep them warm. w. arm. . Wool clothes feel w. arm you do not feel the WO''QM‘‘ aiisrffozzttzmsw\"bras- . 100 H}

. ._b.1' 1' - .\"._'/ HH‘ '1 ‘il .1 _I ltwater is poured into a glass it ltwater is spiltonthetloor, it .r ._if wulltlll the glass,and become runs all overthe place,because - _ ...... -1:; .\\-“'4 the some shape asthe Insude ot ithas nothingto keepitina oWotf.iw.a.t..s- theoarwtiesnlvi,qeburuiisdtt.ahkoltheldasinsthgneoits.shhaappee the glass. particular shape. Where does water 90? day. The The draps, called water vapour, rise into the air. When water turns into water vapour and rises Awdrapotupedrsdd,tlooeeoossfnmwoaat ltrleefroawrllyyiloldudisrtyaopusppeeeoa.nr.aItstuunrnnys into tiny into the air, it is called evaporation. l The airis full of water vapour, Acoslwd aatier rhvigahpoinuthr erisseksy.itIrtteuarcnhses Trahme .dWroaptse’fravllatpootuhretugrrmounngdmasto back into tiny draps of water water again IS called because heattromthe Sun which iointo make clouds. condensation. l. makes water evaporate from theseas,lakes and rivers. Water pushes 1y“oWurunsetackndanindaysowurimamrminscgypyooaul wr sitihdewsa, Yteoruurp to Aamsnuidcirheo,nwthasetheihpr.afTrlodhaeetrsmwboaertecearwupasutesehrite5psoumuspheeathsgianasginidspetusist.hoes i'ill' t. arms Will slowly rise. The water pushes them UP- 101 ._3:.1r.—._ ' ET. .' l .l- -IH—_ f -.

F\"\"as\" ter than anything ” i- 1,.”I _ wiLsiogthhreltdtfranasevtaeerslsltytsheoiingfaghstkttnitmhoaewtsniti.ncaans9'In0gGlerosuencdotnhme t _ 'I ~ '1 15' I. l. -I Lighttravels in straight lines. It cannot go around Things that light can pass through, like glass,are things. So there are dark shadows behind things called transparent. Things it cannot pass that stand in its way. through, like peOple, are called Opaque. Splitting light ‘- fir omradninyacroylowuhristemliigxehdt istomgeather' From the ground, . . iOOkS like an arc - . Cir: ~ a _. caraplane, it loo “(00 may not always see all the Colo”\"mom _

.'. I'_. I .I_ .I . . . . 1' ._ I _.l - t be I.-\"'....'.-2,‘.-:*‘' I-'1 _ «6 w:1-\" ,‘\".:_ 5' --I- -- I *I‘“ I ' :1 “h”EFT1—.n- r1:.\".. I? tI 11’ \"-{IL . -J ll' 1\" _ I! :II. _.: I'_ I?“ . . — ._''L' I I\"!. If i r. . ll III _. _ - - .- T: d. L_' I.. \"l. 1-\" II _\" . _ -'. I, I'.\" wo er ore ec 19 t. im”abobuanll cbeosunocfef ssuorfffatcheinsgjus.st If you shine o torch on o mirror, {tiThis is called reflection. you con see light bounce. All light you see IS reflected. I I I ‘ l I. _ .- ‘I l. ' .- _- _.'-:1 ' Iii .- _. .I' I1... 1. '-'.' .' _ I '_ .nl' .-_-T r?- r- l L's: _. a _ - . . -\" .. iéi‘b'” .5...‘1 I . 1 It. [IT-t i-' 1. ~. ' e- _ ur * ' i‘ai—Jf‘ 7 \"ifl-ITfi“'h#. -9I#'\"f?n3?f'1?fi -~ — —-- '- 79‘“ -'. ‘ . Q '55 _ The sunlight that enters our ln 0 cinemo you see the beam of The moon does notgive out atmosphere is reflected by light between the projector and any light of its own. You con millions oftiny bits ofdustond screen becousedustintheoir only see it because it droplets of water. reflects the light. reflects the lightofthe Sun. \" We see colours because things When light shines on snow, 0“ When light shines on soot, oll ' absorb or reflect varying I . the light is reflected back, so the the light is absorbed, so the ..- 11—.. 0mounts of light. snow looks white. SOOl lOOkS blOCk- _ —I ... ' _ Seeing red? I .- LI ‘1 ' Ir il J L Most onimols cannot see II .I.‘ II - I1 \" - colour. A bull charges at 0 t red flag because it is waved _ -_ ---‘-I- _ .— 1|| 1 not because it is red. -'- .- :-'. 4 1: la .f'l' ‘r' \" . - .-I = H‘” .r '4-H ‘ fmr ‘1. H H' ET; I. .' t0 r A green cor reflects the green port of light and absorbs the rest, so it looks green.

Ii I 5 r1 i;.i ‘.T‘ i ' I '1 .- »:-:-.mrrI IL _[ _ ~ _‘_ ._ ’ . :T' T ' . _. _. ; T -I f.l __ cTsathanetircseoeamlreeecttitmrwiceoitsys.ohrelttsasrtoaittyesclreianccttkhrileceistwya.mheOen.npeyloaiuscecta.akYlleeoduott The other sort of electricity lS‘CQHe d current nylon clothes electrICIty. It flows through things, Thts SOrtof Discovering electricity electricity is used to light and hem OUT hOUSes’ and IS used to run machinery, The Greeks knew, 2,500 years ago, that rubbing Michael Faraday invented the firstelectric motor l amber with tur made sparks of static electricity. in T82]. Machines run by electric motors are now Scientists did not learn how to make current used in many houses and in tactories, wherethey electricity until about 150 years ago. do the work at many people. Conductors Insulators I IJ I‘ t T‘b *L r f I n‘. rI ~ 0 l l I \\ - 1“ I l ‘1- . .. _ . - , .,:~:.\"., 5. _, . \\r. i i'. .I It - tt'fil *- 1 .r ' I 2 l ‘ ‘rt' I place to another . TtPhhlaaintscgtiacs raerynledecltreruiccbtirbtiyceicrt,yaanarnreeoctcafollolvewedretihndrsoiunulagpthloa,rsslti:ikceVY0.'re 5 protect peOple from electric shocks. Aspbeacut.taelrcyhmemaki.ceaslse.leWcthreicnitay lwl ut‘hthe ElectrI'CI' ty from i not as powerful cbhaettmeriycasltsopasrewuosrekdi.nugp.t the batter . e ’ from p I ugs. But bOastteelrei‘eicstiifify l 04 be taken and used anywhceci’g

i ' 'u -.-.--—. - r, 'H- .. u. .- --- .r. _ _ -. --~r- ._. . iI *h . “r _.«.-'A..fivlm _; ._~ MIL-1:1 I f... --- I. The P'Wflt’ sM-tlfini‘lf e“ t,—.-:I .J‘]. _ '.I: I' .- ll . _ ._ _ \"lI II I :- I F. ‘1ifi-t“;IrIi-I-;: - .' . .- iu -l T. - _II' - natty In our houses, streets and factoriesL'II II -II IIIIlIIIIHII- - .' —‘IIi‘ \"'1'_-r-;- .f'ii' II _ if IIIIEIIITIII -I'III.:I.t_I-IIIIIIIIII :‘i \"% ’2 IIII_IIIII III I I II ili'i II—.'_ _‘?V'_ . -_ II II III x .-.-‘. .LP'; ' I. . II.- NI I' .- 'l'Lr. . '. ' 'l' from big Power stations that make It In- Tit; . . u Fa6..1-u6“-:y' ' -ill it; running water from rivers of hymn ' i. ' i ”air *I ...... L I ' ROUND C : SWITCHING ON A LIGHT LETS ELECTRIC/TY FLOW/N THE WIRES Electricity flows from power stations along thick In towns, the cables run underground to each house. The electricity is then carried around wure cables. The cables are carried high above the house through wires built into the walls. the ground by pylons to towns. Why does a light bulb make light? What's in a plug? Pl have metal prongs Whi-ch allow electrt. a.ty ElectrI.CI.ty flows through a coil ofspecial metal in UfQS em. When a plug IS put Into a a light bulb. The metal becomes so hot that it ill -_- -_ -'.r_-II_ :- 'Iii 3t.1:“_t._. }\" i fl“ '1‘'\"ft.'flr‘ mJfiilll-eJ . -_ D' -- 192‘ ..TE‘I-Ilil- Fifi. ;_fi_‘:.i' ill! ,I'-II 4w- :M’“ :- «HUI-vi . :1 stotlc electricity may lUmp Lightning always takes the shortest route to the dWdaiaWmleiWz9he“.no“Oresarsehztutfi9orfcerzmI'at9Ionds”at,,hnCey0t.hlriIonedugnltIdtgS.hlIttt’nlkmlEnaSgk.,easnad can ground, so It IS dangerous to shelter under a tree during a storm. Tall burldmgs have metal conductors to carry lightning safely to earth. 105

Tvsrihiopbeuprnavledtiebswsrwaattohviooeenn.ssT,yhsoppeuusrseedharItodnhpveotaSuasItibtrtol,hensrovoeiubtihngraahottpittohhoenens0ad,-”iCr,:Oliklleedthe Thunderstorms ll _i . vv ','- =3[W\" UV v In a storm you see lightning Tclihakeellerdedrauermaesrt-.hdTirnhugemsysivn,iwbyrohauictrehewwahroser,nk S34o0unmdewtraevsepsetrrasveecol nadt a. bWohuetn before you hear the thunder sound waves hitthe it makes because lighttrovels an aircraft flies faster than fasterthan sound. sound, you hear a bang. Silent 5 . ‘ +. ‘ r . . 3 RADIO . . WAVES CAN TRAVEL THROUGH need air to travel On the moon, where there is no bounce Off surfaceS, such aslhe 0”, astronauts have to talk to twnoronuudcg wn'oatg:/1iesearreaWn0y3th(i‘n0g0a“\"t YOU tuhnisdehranpepaetnhsoyfoburidhgeeasr .aWn ehcehno each other by radio, all. High and low sounds , th e hl' gher _ ’ H ’ I- ' _I made by a '‘ Thefas,ter sometThhinegVv.ibibrraatitoens the gongrufmlgouwbtenitreesoo’osfvioiitbgf risia’oi’utti'gonngngssilsaoncsasegllcefogdngdiiitcsiis9lyi5tsT“hf\"reeaqhnUt eh'2fle3ss :fgoggtgd Iitg'mggkiens.g Ltgvgisnogusntap' and down very 106

- I t 15'; ._-.“ '1 ' . .. _ _ I .— I. l-l l l‘ '_ I. _ II i‘I. '- -\" .i .. :‘I -— .I i n.‘ t I - H\";1\"\" 7,\", .' ‘ i“ :: r I ' ll . .A -4; ‘ ‘-_ -'' 'll ' . ‘ i '— I .3 ' '?|-,. [-n-i. ‘ 2,. ...l‘ . _. 4‘ _M I .‘ I 'T,_ n. -’' HI .. ,Ple ,6 rhewar taerleep\"OhWonneesaInrlyth5er0”w0omrlIsll.Ion. 1. .r' \" ' - I ‘1\" ' -l_.b.,l,“_.t ¢ :-' --‘ .' ' '-_ v_.l , .. ul '_ :I‘ __ I V ‘ -' | I [II -J,,5I'. . 51.w.- ,,1‘.. \"7‘-' ‘ i- ‘'-.iH -' '- ' \"' ‘V i. i . '3'“oiIl; ' £1 -fi 1 f.i 6 '. A._-; Ip 5-..“; ,‘J *Nj— *v__.iltw-. I ‘- _ F_ J l__ ::'—'- _ n'- _ . :_ , ..11 IF I I. :f l . .g f _- ' . II I -. _ ‘I l I\" I v: 1:- -| T; '_ _‘ E I' 6_\" - VI when:made byyour vetca : '-.. 31:} 1‘I: . reI‘. I F _ . ' I\". \" .- 4’ E ,-'- \"Ii ‘1‘. - are turned into electric signals bya microp ne Dogs can also hear sounds , xx ,-' , The person you call hears your voice becausea loudspeakerin from much further away Wires carry these signals over long distances, so you can theirtelephoneturnsthe signals tShpaenCpiOeIoWphle'S.HFeaSrimO esresnduse them signalsfrom faraway. telephone peOplelorowoy. back into sound. Radio WOVGS Wires even run underthe sea. Radio waves are all around Radio stations turn sound Television pictures you, butyou cannothearthem. waves from voices or music ‘,5oo . , Theytravel very fast, at the into radIo waves. These waves Speed Of travel throughthe our to radios. light. Television pictures are filmed by special cameras thatturn pictures into electric signals. '. W‘ __i “ ItIl--I-I-L-agu-w2”‘ :I .RlOSlurn radio waves back \" “‘ A television set P'Cks up \"“0 sound waves you can YOU can listen to many hear. SeCCalhO'eciWpWhsSOouu'tshsleoeewrrraaeoddrr.iIotOhsSettsoohcosoprene.tcatcigt gfiefl braadcikoiwntaovseosuannddatnudrns them pr“grammes on the radio. pictures. . . . _. . ,0 y

Until about 5,000 years ago there were no roads To build the pyramids, the Ancient Egyptdsin and peOple could only go as fast as they could apdnlureoatentgidngeogdovtnehbrerlootmhcllekeosrgnsrowomfuosanotodddne.eeTonthfhsteralyeetdemwsteoravruneenddktospto,huehlliesnmtgo,gthetesmby run, so they did not go far. The first roads . .n the road followed animal tracks, like the bush eIlS peOple cut through the forests in Africa. Riding Harnessing .1 \"i i I .\"l-lr‘I. 5\"”:... .- -' utenme--I-- a' ! l' ' lI t l- u I . About 4,000 years ago, peOple At about the same time the Travelling was easieron 9floocl harness was invented. Now began to tame horses. A person people could use strong roads. The Romans built couldltraveltentlmes faster on thousands ofkilometres of horseback than on foot. animals to pull heavy loads. straight, paved roads. The wheel revolution so ' . ads were bum PY» tISnratnangtsoepcCohOratO.nCEghveeeStrhywe2et0ereakmmtheoorffishrsootrtskheiensyd. sOtof ppUpbeldica.m. \" travel was uncomfortable,

asi ii ' - .1.» a . if 1:-. \" - v w- AvTafhFseICtpdOiiosmntaecneocrvesesoraefcdthrowesansginNoenotesrt.ehnAthmceernictuaryantrdavSeolulethd atAhnetderaewmwaatoesfrortooxoelmnasotforforhroawrfsaeemeskipslyuolalfentrddatvehenelom.ugIhnsfiodoed The age of the train '1 _ \"'4‘.- \"l «V... _ .. «I 't -: \"'- . -F—-_ People could travel further and Most modern trains run on fasterbytrain. Bythel930sa dieselfuel or electricity. aapan craairlrwyapyalsusneenfrgoemrsDraanrlmongaton to train called Hiawatha was able the world’s busiest railway Stockton, In Britain, at 24 kph. to cross the USA atloOkph. carries ll2,000 peOple daily. How the car started I‘n ,'l.\" --\" l- .\" A -'- . - -. - '— q \"_ \" r 1 .- “a.“ _ . ' .3- .- -, '_ . ‘- - .e :_ ..:: --a.,.l\".' _.- 1th ._.-. I, _' I_I__ “a. _r___ .- I II Ir ' .. . _.|r 'l' .1 ' a! . TWO German engineers, Benz Early cars had wooden, spoked ln l 889 John Dunlop invented and Daimler, built the first wheels, oil lamps, and no roof. air-filled rubber tyres to gave a They often broke down. smoother ride. PElrol--driven car inthel8805. |_ 1 -- . I. ‘ '--.. 'I . . _ \"J | .I'. E '-. '- i _' .' h . swaQTm'1'-; r' - -'- ,... _ \" , ' - . 3*: _.-| _ 1| . -. 'i1 \"I! rm” ' -. ‘t‘h . P . _? IL. . t’l . At first, cars were built by hand and were very tC1o9ac8ru3stwathictrhaorupcgoahwllteehdrefuwTl hienrnudgscifn2ae,nswturaatnhvdaebllveoetdreiyensgfaisnshte.a,lnpweednt expenswe. Between 1908 and 1928, Henry Ford PVOduced 20 mill-ion cheaper co rs in a factory in \"‘6 USA, so many more peOple could buy them. at over l ,000 kph in Nevada, USA. l0?

,. |_..- n. l 'I :\" ' - . '5 'é“lLii; i..ft'ij;.” if-. . , .: '2 . . _-.' . . . ..-.J- - \" - ~.'-- .. l I\" 'I ‘_ .I '. .- IJ 1 . .I ._ '' . l' 1.4 . I| 1 .- I' ' ‘I I LI I .I \"\" - i' . -'Ip. -\" .' . '- 'I j I l' l' I l I . _ .l -I ”a\"if!- _ L - \"T 1' ' ' iI I . I ‘l i' \" I. - '- I ‘- '. Ft. 1;- '- I. 'l- 1 'lI'II. 'I'- '1' _\" ‘I 1| - _. I , .- 1! I. I'l 5.. . '1 II |I I i- I II F ' . '\"I M I. I” I. I, i I I'I i II _ :1 . II! '. I’ “'1\" '. '. _'_i Fl “i ,I . .. h \"in :-.- . I The Egyptians built the first They had a papyrus soil which ships out of reeds 5,000 years helped them move when the ago, to cross the River Nile. wind was behind them. Round ships Long ships For thousands of years, Arab traders have built TtThhheeeAiVrtillokainnngtgi,csstitonurNSdocyarstnhhdiApinsmahevairadicwaa ebinriegatbshqoeuufaitrArsetDtso9a0cilr0oa.snsd were steered by a large oar. small ships, calleddhows, to carry cargo. They have triangular SOtlS which canibe turned to catch the wmd and SOll in any direction. Voyages of discovery tvtBhheyeersTyAe5bt0lsua0hgn,,iptsWishc,iitpahesnxudpipnltootNoreoIfnrorsdtuhidareirmsancnaodEsvtusCerOrahenipnddear.hmoauadtnegysrsaoacwirlson.ssIn SAILORS CLIMBED THE aMuArSoTraS TOLET .. 5:: ‘f TAKE “'1' ':‘ : IN THE SAILS. A sailor’s life was hard Jr- . \". and dangerous. He slept in \"t 7 .. a do rk, crowded cabin and lived on salted meat, dry biscuits and water. ‘- i- \" 'I :..r I ‘0 _ i ' ~.-- ' [.1 \" - Ti ‘. ,I. I - - . .i ' -' III ' .I'rrl I 'ti' ' I I\". II \"l I=:‘_-.'I'~. . .-_[ \" .- I L:- :- ‘ I1 .- .IT‘; I

.. __ - 1;.1 II\" r I .. II . I .- __ my; .- lillI— uf‘l_fi_£ ”1\"“ r\" .. I I I. Ip '- . I .. I- I. tea from China to Britain With their toll masts and many sails, they could travel up to 640 km in 24 hours, in a strong wind, and wool from AUSelIG to the USA. and could cross the Atlantic in l 4 days. Propellers ' ' I ' I' - _- . g‘fi' . - '—'. .n. P E I-.1.H - 5I ' _ -- _' 'v Ir h -. .- : \" .- - t. .“II .' -i :'. -. '. .'- - _ I.‘ '-_F .’ P‘ I I- I . :l-- I I Iii-.1\" - .' .: i- f _T I‘-- I 1.- j: _ . II - ‘-h \" I I . . ---_ -1 I .I j. I. II r \"- rl:-: . '11-“: iii-J I .' -‘II I - '- ---r..1 #7' ' .. ' \".I . 'r'Pr' -.—n ._ -.'.I'-—-.'- \"1'2.1' .31—‘I\"'I...:l' H.1.1'.II:' . ' .I-‘i, * -' : ' a. - - ' ' ' l‘ _,__' '‘ - I _, +- 1”,.-, TI\".\"I . .. .' I- . £24: F\" .‘I _ -'—-- rit 1-:-\"'-“.-It\"- ' \"if\" .. 1 ' \"*1 -._.' - ‘. .I1l'i-r ._ __r -'1 IJ- .\" .9 . 1...? _' _ III-II- , _. _ 4._ \" a\" _ a 4‘ tE S I I. : '1 S I S I v E Ia I: In 1838 the firstwooden ships to Steamturned paddle wheels on bya screw propellerwere built. They did notdepend onthe wind be driven by steam engines each side andthey had soils in so they could run to timetables. case they ran out of cool. crossed the Atlantic. I -——-- 5‘ ‘I .. I h Luxury liners .il tankers iI ”we a... During the l 303 huge steel ships called liners One of the largest ships ever built is the oil the waneéehbOulilhhlA0 mCOe'rTtYcoPIgnsgserenagtecrsombefotwrteaenndEluurxauprye. tanker, Globfik London. It is 379 m long, so crew use bicycles to get around on deck. Nuclear submarines Hovercraft _=. \"I. ' 3hr. - I I I |\" I II - I. ' I. .- ' .. I I. ' . . II - ''- ti' 'uh: I '52:;asrt9nUeSwneUnCt alerCoIuIIn'--dpothweered A hovercraft can travel over tlat oHfywdarotetorcilrsaaftr.eTthheeyfahsatveest type alacnudshotr‘ownaotetar.n' Irtmskaidmes along on wdaoyrsldaItudnedpethrws aotfe3r0I 0inmoneltrYe8s3. speed them above the water powerful tans. by

. II -- ‘11 -.\" 'l I. I — I. I .PI Il I :. H I III I I \"' ._*.. . l,\"' _ _: \" 4.: ' -t. \" 1' i ‘. l' :-1*'_' tr; . 'i . 11 -_*\"1J‘I'F:-l;ur;:{\"lh tFnQe\"dhtuonfdlyrebdyscOorfiyylen-nOgrj sfelfaifcthceiflres flalliollhfip'utymwaanailnwncghasbeyosfsadt sc)m’rteau'”snsthcohleueedsgOhcb'raet'oncankuoesteep S. incel783 Peop l e hovefl aTnhzylubrhlélevdlflrggasmrliigh places. fg'Filolebtadhsewkwuettahsyh“ftolhetedowu, rbm,ybdubtobtllhlooewoysg_Otynnly Gliding down u... .l H ' ' _ ._ H __ L :4,“ygrw In 1891 a German named Otto Lilienthal ran The Wright brothers made the first powered down a hill strapped to a hang-glider he had aerOpla'ne flight of 365 metres mi 903. They built. The air trapped under the wings lifted him bUIlt thelr own petrol engine to drive two offthe ground and he glided gently down. propellers fixed to a glider frame. Record breakers Eanadrlyuanesrtoapbllaen,aensdwtheereenligghintes In 1909 Louis Bleriotmadethe . often fouled. Flying them was firstpowered flightacross the tEonogkla1n9ddtaoyAs ubsetcraauliaseinshl9e3h'0a-dll Channel from France to excmng but dangerous. to Stop to refuel her plane. England in only 37 minutes. --r at - I.-',

(sAaprreececidiarfltlthetedhyasmtugpaoekrefsoaosntleoicru.tdhWabhnoentnhget.hsepyeeredaochf stohuant d The first supersonic iet to co rry passenger: is Concorde. lt trovels at 2,333 kph, and co n tly HelicoPters from New York to London in three hours. ’- I'; - I r iI 3th 1 - h “1?: . I”. *TM.WW ‘5 : _F_: HeliCOpters connot fly foster #M‘.‘ ”r :1 \" ' than 300 kph,butthey fly up and . M.- down as well as olong,ondthey r con hoverin one place. Ahleicopterhos o propeller on They ore useful for drOpping its roottoliftitstroight cargo or rescuing peOpletrom UPWOFdS,Soitcontoke otttrom the sec or on mountains where any piece otground. oircrottconnotlond. Rocketing into space l Rockets trovel foster than any i Ml other croft. They shoot into the Space shuttles to l<e oft lll<€ rockets but they hove wrngs oir pushed by hot gases mode sotheylond like orrcrott l by burning liquidfuel. l 3Y th_e ‘9605 the Ameri.cans and ' iT J coRonorccreyk’esbtcsuiectnosltpnSaolScnelYosnhbmuetatulnesyse' dcan. g Russuons hod bunlt huge rockets In 1969 o rocket colled Apollo trips to Outer Space. 1y W—i‘w powerful enough '0 COVVY Titlew 384,400 km to the moon l peeple into Outer Space. in three days, and 0 mon londed there for the first time.

Medicine is not just what you Most illness is co used by germs 0dgYeoorrocumstrohsbrsoobdrycytoselhrml eospowyecmitrnspagtttouoSmrtieghs.ne,sss,ueWchhoicsh take when you are ill. ltolso getting into the body. Germs Danger.I means how to cure people and oretiny ltvmgthlngs,sosmoll ALL MEDICINES stop them getting ill. thot you connot see them. CAN BE DANGEROUS. See\"mg the doctor Thedoctormoy soy you need 0 \"x medlcme. There ore thousonds var-rs? of medicines and the doctor has to choose the right one for you. gig.: n1: fig: 1 - n, ' it 2' 1. 4 . NEVER PLAY WUH THEM AND NEVER TAWKIETHAONUYTMAESDK/CININGE A G”R£O37W\"N'UP When youoreill,the doctor _ , \\- _ finds out whot is wrong by o' studying your symptoms. Eoch illness has its own symptoms, Medicines A?!\" tilt? r. I .' ' \"i-J'ri - -' 315.1% I- , i l. -n,.':|_-_ You feel better by making the pain 90 CW bringing your temperature down, bullhe k!” the germs. Aspirin is on onolge c. SopWufoiscmthhueortiuu.pnntegehOu.Inlplrentleeiendsghlseo.tshvAeeIcnoputtaophttuiehenrencwtts.uokryiin.ss,ts tafHrrmoeomoomtueIpnlOllntospensootstfsheomIscne. ddduomccuutnoneressrmoulssoet:d- otI ein'l' y '- - _ _ _ i a\" . H4 matocachyiedslepanvsetomtKhneeooirwnlieifneig.fthwehYatbro\"; -1 .l

.-I ' -. .--vi,....'.:_ .. . .''_I- II'I '-‘Ir'—I' I‘ _— _ - _- . ruin..III. ‘E-; . ._-I‘L .* III-Pu . . . _.r ' 'l _ _-I.II':I'J' -- _ i__PJIJJ TM - . . .i I u- \" .-.p'. d. l. lll || _I . . - ,.. .1 I‘ .I I. ‘ I ‘- 'JI \" \" E ”a. I'I': _. \"l .\" . \"-F .. -lIi. I'. ‘- -I II\" I II .I .r 1_--—- II F _. I. I... .. _ . I I. -. g I II a I' ‘- I I. - l : I\" I. . I; I. . I III I I J I . .- -_ —- I 1\". - lI I, . —- I. I I. F I I. I i Il i I. r lI I . .I _ I\"If. I 4 . .I I I ‘1 I I\" II l\" . f' ‘I-I mbP’moaredkyvoeersbntayytinonetugaathpsineecgOaulhprthielneiaegflrrtiholalynmnefdosbscoe.adcnLoaompnordikenivtgnaegkinlliatnifsigltlenaeresxsyesor.ucrise Doctors give vaccines to stop you catching some diseases. A vaccme Is a small dose of germs in your blood that makes your body tight a disease, Igt; MtHPreeooaostsptmlpmeeio9nt0ta1h5le-tsorSs0haomlssepotI'itmhaalevfsoethrtheteeysi.trnsebaeandbdIa.esnspoe.InCpehI' aora.stpI.oI.tna.I. JHMN0AUIDV3REWSSE’LTVSOHEEO0S/0KR/HNABa6ALpOBATIFMETOOSEFTR. HOPE/FARFTSEIEPTNEoNTST. I - .\\.__.-_ it i j i' MED/CAL SCIENTISTS i STUDY SAMPLES TAKEN FROM PATIENTS; SUCH AS BLOOD. SPEC/ALLY TRAINED DOCTORS \\ PATIENTS ARE GIVEN AN \\ CALLED SURGEONS DO INJECTION TO MAKE OPERATIONS {N A ROOM CALLED THE/1T4 THE OPERATING THEATRE. SLE-éf'fig/EESL/z/Idsfopfgii ANY PAIN. EVERYONE WEARS SPECIALISTS A RE EXPERTS‘\\- -—---- _ SPEC/ALLY CLEANED fifl‘fis - CLOTHES, RUBBER ON ONE PART OF THE BODY; SUCH AS BONES. GLOVES AND MASKS TO STOP GERMS SPREADING. X' RAY PICTURES OF YOUR INS/DES ARE TAKEN TO SEE IFANY BONES ARE BROKEN. Blood is stored in a Blood Bank. It is given to anyone who has losta lotottheIr blood in an accident.

Things do not move by aTnheimnathlse,ysluecahrnasedoxtoenuse Tl’te first womb-wheels themselves. Something mustpush or pull them. were b uill about 2,000 years; (.1 g (1) (.llO n g rivr-ér 2;. where the current at water tu mad the m. into the air by throwing or kicking it. The ball comes back to the ground because otgravity. They learned to make as simple machines, such levers and pulleys. These madetheir work easuer and faster. Gravity is the pull ofthe 17m. CENTURY WATER-r WHEEL. They could run huge SYRIA machines in factories. Earth which attracts Early steam engines everything to it. You They were used to bring burnt coal or wood to make them work.* cannot see gravity but waterto the fields and to turn millstones that Since the first steam train you can see what it does. ground grain. was built in 1803,for Gravity makes leaves fall to the ground and rivers - . '_ Jr a. For more than a about 100 years,olmost run downhill. llthere was '14,! thousand years, until nogravity, things would steam engines came into 0” trains were driven by They could usethem to lift steam engines. spm otfthe Earth. use,water-whee|s were and build things which AMERICAN STEAM TRAIN. the main source of power were much too heavy to be moved by muscle for making many power alone. machines work. (I GREEK WINDMILL \\Q Tpehooupsleanodnslyohfaydeathrseiargo, muscles tohwenir work. to do all 12“.- 3g. 1\"k ”It’ll-iii”! -”’ ,r .{j . ,. ox?\"rrxtfixfinrrgrllfl;hdt, ddfllflflwflfl {QUU' I (” i'_ .- I\" i. ! windmill in EurOpe dates back to 1150. . YOU C0\" read more about steam engines on P099\" 63 a.nd- 6.9.

Hm tn st power ~ driven Turbines can be made to APPENDIX and cijntrrdllcuil flight Spin by burning fuel or by was. irmrle in l 903 by a n flowing water. Water The internal combustion engine was only (\"10! Uplrftt'tt} with a petrol turbines in dams make a workable once fuels, engine. quarter of the world's such as gas and oil, were Today, diesel-electric electricity. This is called discovered in the last locomotives run high hydro-electric power. century. speed passengertrains. Electricity is carried by Coal and oil are called cables and wiresta homes and factories. fossil fuels because they There it is used to work are made from the many different types of remains of plants and machines.* animalsthat lived hundreds of millions of years ago. ,_ Could travel Wllhom needingthe wind or water currents. Racketengines work in I the same way as iet as, .' engines exceptthat *\"‘ rockets carry their own Today. so much oil is supply of oxygen.They used that there isa M05* passenger dothis because fuel dangerthatthe SUPP'Y cannot burn without WI“ run OUl- aeroplanes today have oxygen and there is none _ h[ealveengtulnrbeisnnelse,twehnigcihneasre So people are _ A new tVP? f in Space. engine, many-bladed wheels that looking 0 r“ ' for new ways of making oci$CnofOvbmelulnEbrtnudelsidhnteigi‘onnifnul8etee6nlr0gno.iaunlltenss,idwteeaasd s P in verY fast. ”W electricity, SUCh 05 using heat from the Sun or powerfrom the wind. WIND/MILL fl.- _ The fuel for internal Nuclear power stations make electricity. The first MOW Sh'PS lOdOY are combustion engines must nuclear power station driven by turbines. was built in 1954 in the be ableto flow into the USSR and others have II[EYCWC—Clt‘tr80d mare Obout electricity on pages 104 and 105. en ine to be burnt. It must now been built in many beiiiquidfio coal and countries. wood are of no use. \\ ll7

Machines and inventions Over the last 100 years lnthe 18505 ironing was many machines and gadgets have been a slow task. lrons were invented to make homes more comfortable and heated by blocks Of easierto keep clean. metal warmed in the fire. (Id—Elli” \"hull\" -) ‘. H-fi—F—Fh- Toilets that flushed waste intothe sewers when a __....---’-n—_—. -\"\"—\"-I chain was pulled were ‘I .- __..|Il . invented in 1888. I“ P\"*' 3 t Today toilets are quieter Vacuum cleaners were . but still work in much the invented in 1904. ék Fa,l1l-'- same way. L“- II-“_D,_,.._...i 3\". Bellows, worked by Until the 18005 most hand, sucked up dust. «nut cooking was done on The first vacuum cleaners By 1890 electrically open fires. Then iron ftCBroeelafstrwrheeeenfeozcnerelf1oBo9noi1rgdd2estareo.nyMkdeea1ben9epy1g5iat n ranges burning coal or households now freeze to work by electric motor heated irons had been wood were i nvented. their own food. invented. The latest irons were sold in the USA press clothes by from 1908. dampening them with jets People began to use of steam. simple washing machines inthe 19005. Until the 18505 baths had The first central heating Clothes were put into a to be filled and emptied systems, in Ancient by hand 50 they were wooden tub and tumbled usually small and Rome, heated the whole by turninga handle. shallow. house with warm airfrom One type of bath, built in By 1920 washing a furnace underground. 1900, had a showerfixed machines were fitted with / _. y In the mid 18005 cool- to it. Someone pumped motors, but the clothes water out of the bath to Ti (1' spraythe bather. still had to be fed by hand In the 18605 gas cookers and I- boilers through a mangle to wood-fired wringthe water out. were invented that could be turned on and off to 55$ give heat instantly. In the 19305 cookers -W an. \"W‘s.. a... “A. a... fff(~If were fitted with I -. thermostats to hold the Jll oven temperature steady. f ”if“:IH’IH/ fi'lIUIIQ'Ii tops. The water was I_\".,‘ It.. ..I”.\"I\". heated by a gas boiler Modern washing underthe bath. machines can be : Today most houses have At the end of the 19505 a new, much faster way wpraosg5r,asmpimn eadndtodsryoathke, bathrooms, supplied with of cooking food by clothes on their own. hot water piped from a microwaves rather than 113 central boiler. by heat was invented.

G40laCm“:HMim. -Hh1 e.-. :h.,pg. gl flndmltdllolllt ' In loO‘? (Jc'nlileo used Ti nyvpeenwterditeI' nrsthweelr8e705. iround 1630'” London. uas_. snp. eeedcatlralr lctyoletseelleeenssscet0asprsteo.thbHauetild Until this century most had not been seen before. $1. M“..kesep(m“Uufe-“g0; wa ldimaye. peOple in offices wrote everything by hand. Microscopes were Thefirst radios were invented in Holland in made in the T9205. They only made a faint sound l 590. They magnifiedtiny so peOple had to listen to them on headphones. thmgs,such 05 bOCiGFIO, Safety pins were first With the latestelectronic through strong lenses. madeinthe USA in l849. typewriters some people Beforethat. peOple used contype 90 words ina minute. brooches to pin clothes. A Flt-3Wr . k W0)’ 0f Cameras were invented In the T9505 portable in 1839. Early cameras radios became possible QUIC fastening clothes took photographs on because transistors were coated paper or glass, invented. One small which was very slow. transistor can replace together— the zip -— was many parts radios need. invented in NT 3 by a Swedish engineer. Wind-up clockwork Television began in the record players called Around l856 People In 1889 the first portable gramOphones were T9305. Early setshad 0 begflnto use sewing fIinroSvriedntteOedLeincatorh.r315 8w8e0re5.At Witlln'Ciyl.lkiesecnprneicegtnubrsealshc.o‘w-amngd '- hmmo0nOkdCeohC'r”elofsothwoeotstrraketeahddolbemyteo. Kodak cameras were invented. They used 0 i new kind of flexible roll film which meant they could take photos more . quickly and cheaply. Modern electric hifi systems produce a much clearer sound and play By the 19605 telews. n. on music in stereo out of two was being broadcast in speakers. colour... Nowadays peeple with video Modern cameras are At first inventors tried to TV extremely accurate. They recorders canrecord make records out of wax, _ tvphirdeoeigroroacwmanmmfieelmrsasOs.I*;0”fl, ak. e can even take photos in tinfoil and even the dark. chocolate. Today they are made from plastic. \"9

New technology W oiTnhreeislvecoceltnurotlu'nooincns'd”h'.aSCvOeVlGe'd' (”:05 I Elm ,. _,_. . . . “a] c: -_-. - \"il Computers cfehCal‘nmgOelOdgtYheWwethY wheolswe . iliilli‘fi‘E _ ‘ . 5.; Tcmmoheaemakienpntuvsttehmenarasttilolptehnera,ootpffcalloeshtu(5ec:ldroc,hudilpdo , i\" _. . -. a. I ~ — ___.'H- -- _; dMmooovcdeaelricnnuflcoaortmmioanptusiotvenersraycbfaoanustt, ~ =“iii-ii li'1-t'“'- lWl.E.. ff; - and store It. \"‘ q t_)?“W- ‘ They can be ln the past, information was stored on paper m programmed to do the farm of books, different iobg tlCOnn01 newspapers or think or do on i}’ll'lll\"lg On timetables. _ _. _, _ their own. Mbuotssttaroybinotosnceansnpoottm. TOVpi PeOple needed huge The silicon Ch'P _ are like big arms witho filing systems and .1. til I I I. _ gripper atthe end. libraries to store information. In l958the silicon chip wasinvented. Achip ISO tiny little slice of silicon only a few millimetres square. ' A computer can look up the electronic equuvalent library of books in of a second, to tell you aIf Split a book isthere. .-.I p- They are mainly used in 'l factories to do work that Then, atthe beginning of ENLARGED Airline computers are is repetitive or the century, peaple SILlCON CHIP linked to others all round dangerous. They are very began to experiment with ltcontains hundreds of the world and can tell you strong and tough. electronics (ways of electric circuits and can controlling electricity). control almost any atonce which tickets are They are also useful for machine, as long asthey Scientists invented valves availablefor which doing jobs in Space In which could control the have been programmed flow of small currents of flights. to work together. electncnty. conditions which would L . .._ . be difficultfor peOple. These valves were used lI ‘ _I J' I <4 I w as amplifiers and made T'- i-‘I. If E“ the first radios possible. I. ' 'i r\" \"' They were also used to ' eLwovatessrhoyidfnamgyam,csahucicnhheinsaesyso,u use Videotex makes it olatuhnecr hmsaactheilnlietessoarntod m.mathkee 1th9e40_ f5ir.s. t computers toceuoletnoptmrhoaolltenn'decsabwlylyoCarhskipthseY are possible for you to call up repair them when T20 necessary. information from a computer so that it appears on your television screen. tuIhtsgoeiuvfuselasinnydfoosuromafcapctaeiogsnse.stoof

mN. aedwe..1tethce..h3. n. ology.—ahtal‘osn of Lasers are machines three dimensional i ' Spa' ce-. [308aSrImoer. _ Pla,Sllc,.Snohrt1pV16;e“Wd o[,r‘fke. both which make light. The photographs: they lo' ok aliteLOO”liieGllLf first was made in l960. like a solid Obie-ct hanging in the air in front NcmT. eCholOedlut”enlflLss,mfebT.e8tiL\"tc6twh.0taaOfpsroehmSdawrpdhlaebnnutt of you. When you look at sSpaatecleli.tcer_safa_tlraeuunncmh'aendnbeyd a hologram from a healed different angle, you get a Eroacr_.kthe.tsThWe lf’i-tr-hst,OSt‘pbullttnhi*ek l, 41/ TORCH LIGHT different view of the LASER LIGHT was launched In 1957 picture. from the USSR. , new i i i ii 1‘:- c'ii- -imli»_.c,a_,,,\\fi? mode ”0”\" Chem\"t.D1vUSl'tlnogfthpela1s9ti3c0w5e rOe’ S .W} Unlike ordinary light, found in coal Jul: lit?) Jim*- _' 2:3\"... ~:1; — which spreads outand is ____I:;H:fi:1~‘fi made of many colours, w . 'it- i lightfrom a laser goes in one direction only and is \\. J ”Ell + made ofone colour.* i. \\.\\\\ \\ ltmakes the brightest light known, even _.r . I brighterthanthe Sun. ' . 4. “r.- ' 1.4\"\" 5..- we3E. I 1 .' .f \" ’'1' . '. '' Laser beams can make . .'- recordings and play .P ll/l/ ’ music and video discs. TELSTAR{USA) SATELLITE VIDEO DISC ! ‘1i1If La- - pLAyER __ .1' .. _ _ v1 There are about 300 satellites in orbittoday. ' ‘ They are used to send telephone calls and In i935 nylon was made television pictures Lightfrom a laser is so from chemicals. ltwas a strong and makes so cheap capy of silk and around the world and for much heatthat itcan be was used to make weather information. used to cut, drill and weld underwear and stockings. Astronauts have orbited the Earth, have walked in strong metals. Space and have landed LASER BEAM Polyester-'5 were invented on the moon... Lasers are used to Inthe T9403. From the measure distances by VIKING 1(usn) counting how long it l950$ onwards many takes forthe lightto reach something. Surgeons use lasers to [9—1- operate on patients. As wellas makin afine cut, the heatfromt e laser ,0‘ . '_£M'%O‘1‘ O’ N5- n_(. r ioi “Q;w._..fi Unmanned spacecraft seals upthe wound. .e have been sent to explore distant planets. They havesentback information and pictures, l n 1962, a laser was and have even landed on Mars and Venus. pointe-d at the moon to Voyagerl (USA) flew by Saturn in 1980, Uranus in calculate its distance 1986, and is expected to from Earth. Scientists saw Ir reach Neptune in 1989. an read more about light and colour on pages 102 and 103. the light reflected on the k moon just over two seconds later.

Index Aborigines, 32 Asia, 3031 , 93 boats,110—111,116 asteroids, 5 '_' Abraham, 92 body, human,52-55 I' astronauts, 70, 106, 121 H actors, 95 . astronomers, 7 boilers, 118 ‘ 114 Bolivia,97 acupunctunsts, athletes, 71 bones, bird,48 AD, dates, Atlantic Ocean, 110, 111 adhesives, 519)] bones, human,52, 115 Atlas, Greek giant, 91 aeroplanes, 3, 70, 106, 107, 1 12, atmosphere, 3, 100 books 113, 117 Africa, 21 , 24, 26—27, 59, 74, 89, atomic clocks, 13 first,81 auctions, art, 83 108 Australia, 32, 47, 70,112 making,81 air,3,16,17,54,100-101,106 autumn, 14, 15 Brahman, Hindu god,92 air conditioning, 1 18 axolotl, 47 Braille alphabet,81 alligators, 46 alphabet, 80 Aztecs, South Ameri.can Indi_ans, brain, human,52,55 bread (chapattis),77 Braille, 81 24,91 breathing in amphibians,47 Amazon jungle, 74 in animals,51 Amazon River, 21 baby humans, 51, 72,115 infSh,45 American lndians, 80, 93 baby mammals,51 in humans,54 Americas, 24, 28-29, 109 backbone, 36, 47 in plants,38 amphibians, 36, 37, 45 ball and socket joints, 52 bridges,59,69 amplifiers, 120 ballet, 94 bristlecone pine,40 Amundsen, explorer, 24 balloons, 100 Britain, 70, 98,112 analgesics, 114 balloons, hotoir,100, 112 Buddha,93 Ancient ballroom dancing, 94 Buddhism,93 Egyptians, 13,24, 58, 62-63, 80, bands, musical, 85 burials,61,63,93 108,110,116 Bangkok, 93 bushmen huts, 74 Greeks, 24, 58, 90,91, 95, 97, baths 65, 1 18 bush trails, 108 104,108,109 bats, 50 butterflies, 43 Romans, 59, 64-65, 80, 108, long-eared, 41 118 batteries, 104 C14, radiocarbon dating, 59 World, 58, 62-65 Baykal, Lake, 20 cables, electricity, 105, 117 Angel Falls, 21 BC, dates, 59 caecilians,47 animal hearing, 107 beaks, bird, 49 calculations by computer, 120 animals 1 bear, polar, 51 camels, 19 cold-blooded, 46, 47 beavers, 51 by people, 103, 108, 109, Bedouins, 75 cameras, 83,119,120 use: wedding meal, 77 camouflage warm—blooded, 48, 50 bees, 42,106 animal, 50 Antarctica, 2, 33 anteaters, spiny, 51 hives, 43 insect, 42 antennae, insect, 42 honey, 43 canals, 69 carbon dioxide, 3, 38 antibiotics, 1 14 beetles, 42 Apollo 1 1, rocket, 1 13 cargo ships, 111 apprentice craftsmen, 67, 86 Bell, Alexander, 107 carriages, 108 Arabs, Bedouin, 75 bellows, 118 steam-driven, 117 Arab traders, 80,110 Ben/omond, boat, 23 arachnids, 42 cars, 109, 117 Benz, German engineer, 109 archery, 78 carts, 108 Bible, 92 Arctic Ocean, 19, 22 castles, living in, 66 birds, 48-49,100 Armstrong, Neil, 70 caterpillars, 38, 43 Birdseye, Clarence, 118 army, Ancient Roman, 59, 65 birds of prey, 49 Cavemen, 60—61 art, 82-83 Black Death, 67 cave paintings, 60 arteries, 53 Bleriot, Louis, 112 caves Arthur, King, 90 bBBllloooonodddi,nB5,a3Cn, h5ka4,1,r1le15s15, 21 formation of, 11 artists, 82 blood Sports, 79 Ash Yggdrasil, 90 living in, 58, 60 boa constrictor, 46 122 cellulose, plant, 121 Celtic myths, 90 cCeennttrraallhAemateinrigcas,ys2t8e-m2,91 13

_' ' : 1'; _ ' ' '-,-',. ., _.’- ,-I - ge''nf ~- - Cite OHdUCfOT, 'tl. +. .. i' . . If\". 1_ .' I . :1. \" . .1 3:- . I. '- 1I“ .~.1. _. H\" Iii-5'11..— cCoonntcinlt’eCnlOtsf,. 3O,r2c6 ' - I ii . 80'4”- _.. I -- .' . .. I I‘d-rd I il'l_ .-. I-I ' I i i'l' q I' 1:} .r-l-l; _. II._.‘I. L. I Il\":!- - .- . .'|I I. ‘_ '_ , . 2-; ‘- , -‘I ' '_. -: controltower r'II L'1— . '. . cookers, 118 airc raft, 1. 07 L.\" 4| .. if 2 .. ' dumne,s8,4s' a\" n1 d, 7_- t? -'- -8 .4- ,-__'-'-.i_-.,-'_.at'_' ..H.EL. }.- 115:. aI. .- -'__' 'L, 1,118: 1:13“ ,3 __ ; _, ' ' ..i \"i: t-J T 1'. \"\"_IiliiIl:‘.5:4-'\"'=.,'.l‘r,:1' -‘ - ii IIII“ ,;‘ ;m . ' cooking, 76-77,118 . _ i _-_f, ’. core of the Earth, 8 Dun'opr JOHN, 109 I_. 1.'18\"? ' EJL ET I'l'iulrlEz-J'i Cortes, Hernando, 24 I 91 ear-drums, 106 costume ears, 54, 106 Earth, 4, 5 national, 89 theatre, 95 age of the, 8 crust, 10 C o Sllsf77 courts, royal, 94 end of the, 37 Cllofeographers, crabs, 44 history of, 36-37 Inside the, 8 crafts, 86-87 looking afterthe, 56—57 crocodiles, 46 mantle, 8 Cromagnon men, 60-61 94 omldeaIsdueraesmaebnotuotft,h2e, 24 crops, 57 Christian11Y189r92 crust of the Earth, 8,10, 36 temperature of, 2 Chrysalis, 43 current electricity, 104,105 wearing down of the, 1 1 , 20 weight, 2 cinema protector! 103 currents circuits, electric, 120 river, 116 cities, 71 , 74 sea,22 earthquakes, 9 first, 58 Daimler, German engineer, 109 earthworms, 41 Eastern Europe, 60 afizens dams, river, 21,117 echo,106 Ancient Greek, 58 dance, 94 eclipse, 5, 6 Ancient Roman, 64, 65 Dark Ages, 95 Edison, Thomas, 105 Darlington, Britain, 109 classical ballet, 94 dates, AD, BC, 59 education, 96-97 Ancient Egyptian, 63 cleaning, 1 18 climate, 18-19 date trees, 19 Ancient Roman, 65 and clothes, 88 day,12, 13,102 eggs change in the future, 56 days, long and short, 14 in Europe, 34 amphibian, 37 clingfilm, 121 Dead Sea, 22 bird, 49 clippers, cargo ships, 111 death, 93 crocodile, 46 ccllootchk,sw, 1e3a,v1in1g9 of, 67, 68 deciduous trees, 40 fish, 45 deer, red, 51 mammal, 51 Egyptians, Ancient, 13, 24, 58,62- delta, river, 20 cloAthnecsie, n8t8E-8g9y,p1ti0a0n,,16125 63,80,108,110,116 depths ofthe ocean, 45 elections, 98 deserts, 2, 19, 56 Ancnent Roman, 65 electric circuits, 120 designer clothes, 89 electric current, 104, 105, 120 Cromagnon, 60 dhows, ships, 1'10 cclloofotuhrdedss,i,f1fw6ea,res1nh7ti,nc1gl0i,m11,a11t80e5s, 88 diaphragm, human, 54 electric irons, 1 18 motors, 104 dictators, 98 _ 1 17 electric 107 diesel-electric locomotives, shocks, 104 COttlches, horse-drawn, 108 diesel engines, 1 17 electric signals, telephone, electric C001,11,68,105,116 I 121' diesel trains, 109 53 :Oflccanth,fisahn,4im5 als, 46, 47 digestion, human, ddddiiiinssreccoucostsvao,eurtr,rhysor,,ofv3wao7iypnalgagyteh,se9,o5. 7f,81 10 c(Cgollljoéugrés,?130§j2e,d103,- 121 electricity in lightning, 17 1 . Olumb disease, 67, 1 15 electronic inventions, 59, 19, Comets,l73i Christopher, 24 eEnmo1‘2i'i0grey,frRoomm-faono,d5,97, 664, 65. _ witch, 93 of, 107 an inn: do 5, hearing do phins,50

--—--—-\"-'1—-—-_ 'I I. I I. head hones, radio, 1192‘ ' I-1' I I III. - ‘1 . E“ -I I I healt y,keepin ,115 . 1‘ 1- ' n 1- I:I_' {I :4 internal combustion, 1 17 \" lk music, 85 1 18 let, 109, 1 17 fgod, 53, hearing, anima , 107 football, 7786-77, petrol, 117 hearing, human, 54,106 cket111127, Ford, Henry, 109 heart, human, 52, 53 giieam,68,111,116, 117 forests, 2, 18, 56, 108 hedges, 57 En land, 1 12 forgery, art, 83 helicopter, 113 qator, 2, 14, 17, 18 fossil fuels, 1 1 7 hemispheres, northern and erosion, 1 1 fossils, 11 southern, 2 Eskimos, 19 France, 1 12 heroes, 91 free schools, 97 estuary, 3ri4v-e3r5, ,2509,60, 66, 67, 80, Hiawatha, train, 109 freezing of food, 1 18 Europe, 83,89, 1-10, 116 frogs, 47 hieroglyphs, picture evaporation, 101 spawn, 47 writing, 63, 8O hifi system, 1 19 Everest, Mount, 3 fuel evergreen trees, 40 diesel, 109 Hinduism, 92 exercises, 78, 1 15 gas, 117 history of Earth, 3637 liquid rocket, 113 history of peOple,58-70 experiments in Space, 121 explorers, 24-25, 110 oil, 117 hives, bee, 43 eyes fur, 50 holograms, 121 fish, 44 homeOpathic doctors, 114 human, 54 galaxies, 7 homes, 74-75 Galileo, 13, 119 honey, 43 factories, 68, 69, 1 16, 120 games honey bees, 43 children working in, 68, 69 honeycomb, 43 fake art, 83 Ancient Egyptian, 63 hornet Ancient Roman, 65 fairies, 91 math, 42 Olympic, 71, 78, 79 fairs, in the Middle Ages, 67 stinging, 42 famine, 76 Ganesh, elephant-god, 92 gas, natural, 11,118 horses, 108, 109 Faraday, Michael, 104 farmers, 57, 58, 62 gases in, atmoSphere, 3, 4, 5, 7, hOSpitals,115,121 forming, 57 36,100 hotair balloons, 100,112 hot-air vents, 1 18 fashion, in clothes, 88 gases, poisonous waste, 56 houseboats, 75 houses, 62, 64, 74-75 fast foods, 76 gemstones, 10 fault line, 9 germs, 53,114,115 electricity in, 104, 105 geysers, 9 Faussett, Al, 21 Ghana, 74 inflatable, 74 gills housework, 71 feasts hovercraft, 1 11 Ancient E y tian, 62 fish, 45 human Middle Age: 66 feathers, 48, 49, 100 tadpole,47 feelers, insect, 42 gizzard,49 babies,51, 72,115 body, 5255 film, in cameras, 119 glaciers, 21 film- stars, 71 gladiators, Roman, hummingbirds,48 G/obtik London, 65 gods, 90, 91, 92, oil 1 1 1 hunters, 12, 58, 61, 63 93 tanker, hurricane, 16 gold, 11 huts, grass, 74 government, 98-99 Hwang Ho River, 21 grandfather clbck, 119 hydrofoils, 111 grass, 56 gravity, 24, 1 16 ice,3,19, 118 GGrr9ee5ee,kn9sl7a,,nA1dn0,c42i,e11n0t,82, 41,0598, 90, 91, Ice Ages, 21, 37, 60 iceber s, 19 lcelan , 91 igneous rocks, 10 illness, 114, 115 habitat, 41, 57 India, 89, 93, 94, 110 hailstones, 17 lndians, American, lndonesia, 9 80; 93 hairstyles, 89 Industrial Revolution, 59.. “‘69 in‘ections, 1 15 in , 80

. __ _ j \" 1'77”“ ,1 \". fl. -i\"_u-_:_ :_ ..' .ll.lll.lll.lllll ‘- Hchen,41 .l _ I . lichen math, 41 , llall1 l .l . _ on Earth,tirst, 36 l I‘- .| . .- _\" _r“ i. _ _ .. . _ b g: We 1.11. 1*. . ' . -. ..1|1 e'. -_ 5I_'“-—I~'-- ' 'r' .' . Ir ' | .1 -:- 'I. v. J- '. -. . I\". 7\"” ’_.'i .11.. .1. _'.\"-_..' . . i”lzi’inatl nol Datelmt‘ l3 Mercury, .' 7.: -- - H- 'm. 11,15 ''E‘ L--._ 11. T\" ; :-_ \"-t--:\"'—' f ‘2 I: ligfiljlleggilsog 121 metal, 1 1 ,41 04-, 1035, 1:7“..1; '1\" e speed of, 102 e {365111161153} 891 1‘? metal conductor,105 ' li.gshpt lbitutilnbg, of, 102 metamorphic rocks, 10 7 iii ”i-n01t/195:m1m1 ; 111 105 meteor, 7 11001,' electric, iron-Sh'pif light from electricity, 104, 105 10] light years, 7 Mexico, 9, 24, 97 1I1s551,lw0a191nh11,1dy1./31~$»\"?3i3” lliigghhtthnoinugs,e1s7, ,21305, 106 mice, baby, 51 microphone, inside a telephone, 107 lights, theatre, 95 microsc0pes,119 ,3, 4t Lilienthal, Otto, 12 microwave cookers, 1 18 109 12:51“li.mpets, 44 Middle Ages, 59, 66-67, 78, 81, 1130111931 85, 86 9% ’ liquid,water, 101 Middle East, 58, 59 IO‘HQ: 12551615%Chihrirsot,w9i2ng the, 78 liver, human, 53 Midnight Sun, 14 migration of birds, 48 LIVIngstone, Davnd, 24 llzards, 46 milk, mammal, 37, 51 iefenS3,,,,]e,]()<)),117 locomotlves, dl.esel—electn. c, Milky Way, 7 .lets 51 117 millstones,116 SjuUm:ebr0s,7o0n1ic1,11123 lOodn%eoSni,b2c=3,]a\\;e]r3h, c]>an9es, mime, 95 mimics, insect, 42 [Eweillem 60, 61 , <52, 89 llooundgSitupdeea,ke13r,’ 25 minerals, 10, 1 1, 22, 57 Johnson,Amy,112 inside a telephone, mines, children working in, 68 ioints,bone, 52 lun1g0s7, 53, 54 mining, 1 1 Judoi-sm,92 minstrels, 66, 95 iumboiets,70,112 mist, 17 iungles, 18,74 machines, 59, 68, 71, 81, 87,104, moles, 41 lupiter,4,5 116,118-119,120,121 monks, 81 K0buki,10ponese Plays; 95 flying,112-113 monster reptiles, 37 kangaroos, 50, 51 printing, 81 moon, 6, 22, 70, 103, 106, 1 13, 121 keyto \"10135125 sewing, 1 19 mosaics, 64, 82 tfbbutzjs washing, 1 18, 120 Kk(KK1'irm0di1ii3ng9g0eii5Aiy1ts,s:r5''iOh91hu25hur’3hm'6!e96a60R’n69,o05u3nd Table, 90 mosquitoes, 42, 106 qk 01C0o0m9ems' 119 make-up, 62, 89 mother tongue, 73 mammals, 37, 50—51 Ll€e3rnk10g132u,3B8é1il1l2/Wr5'y7t,2260'073 Mother Woyengi, 90 mammoths, woolly, 61 C“till motor cars, 109, l 1 7 Mandarin, Chinese language, 73 lQSesggézns man, first, 37, 58 motor racing, 79 leserdiscg '1'122]] mangle, 1 18 motors, 104; 1 18 _ moult, 49 l‘mosi“e“1rs1, 121' man in the moon, 6 mountains, 3, 8, 9111118: 23 190°\"“01' 9625 mantle otthe Earth, 8 Mount Everest, 3 leg 23%573'07 96 Maoris,32 maps, 25 mud houses, 53, 74 lens“. 1 1:9 marathon, running race, 78 mudspringst 9 eprerhmms 9] Mars,4,5 Muhammad: 92 J Mary Rose, 5 h'1p, 23 mummy, EQYPllO\": 63 M0501 tribe, 89 muscle power. 116 masks, in plays, 95 muscles, human, 52 mmaasstetsrc,sgatitsl,nlwgn, ], 186 music, 84-85 matingéofbigds, 49 Muslims, 92 M tt orn, myths, 24, 90-91 Mgufib Keo, underwater mountain,23 72 MmbeuoItsi ,p7y79rmes,

parasite plants, 39 polyesters, 121 ”EC-far; 39: 43 parchment, 80 power, 1 16—1 17 Neptune, 5 Paricutin, volcano, 9 power stations, 105,117 nerves, 55 pSPaaoasrrsilssisoe,emn7ng9geeenrrt,ftrlilalg-t’ihSntls,s,.,5h91ig1h2,1sp_1e7ed, 1 17 pressure groups, 98 pride, group of lions, 50 nests, birds’, 49 printing machines, 81 New Jersey, 1 19 news, 70 120—1 21 pasta, 77 prism, 102 . new technology, propellers, 111,112,113 Newton, lsaac, 102 patients, 115,121 maps, 95 newts, 47 York, 1 13 Patzcuaro, Mexnco, 97 protein foods, 76 New Zealand, 20, New 3. 2 elicans,49 pterosaurs, 37 Niagara Falls, 21 Sendulum clock, 13, 119 puddles of water, 101 Nigerian myth, 90 penguins, 19 night, 12, 13. 102 penicillin, 1 14 pulleys, 1 16 Nile River, 21, 24, 62, 1 10 pygmies, 72 P eople 72-73 pylons, electricity, 105 aroundthe pyramids, 58, 63, 108 nobles, 66 world, nomads, 74 history of, 58-70 Quarayaq Glacier, 21 Norse myth, 90 smallest, 72 quartz crystal clocks, 119 queen bees, 43 North Africa, 59 tallest, 72 North America, 24, 28,109,110 Queztalcoatl, 91 North American Indians, 80, 93 percussion instruments, 84 quipu,80 North American myth, 90 perfumes from the rainforests, 56 Peru,19 North Pole, 3, 14, 19 Peruvians, 80 nose, 54 petrol engine, 1 12, 1 17 race (marathon), 78 races, of peOple, 72 Nubon men, 89 petroleum-based chemicals, 121 radiators, 118 nuclear power, 105,117 pharoahs, Egyptian kings, 58, 63 radioactive carbon dating, 59 nuclear submarines, 1 1 1 Philippines, 72 radios, 107, 119,120 nylon, 121 photographs, 119 radio waves, 106,107 oasis, 19 photographs, three-dimensional, 121 speed of, 107 oceans, 3, 19, 22, 23, 1 10, 1 1 1 life in, 44-45 photography, 83 raft, 23 picture writing, 63, 80 depths, 45 pine, bristlecone, 40 railways, 109 Odin, one-eyed god, 90 oil, 11, 105 pioneers, 109 rain, 14,16,17, 22,36,101,102 pitch, of sound, 107 rainbow, 17, 102 oils from rainforests, 56 planes,3,106,107,112,113,117 rainforests, 2, 18, 56 reading, 80, 81, 96 oil tanker ships, 1 1 1 planets,4, 5,121 Olympic Games, 71, 78, 79 plankton,45 record, keeping a, 80 opaque things, 102 record players, 119 opera, 95 plantcellulose,121 records, 1 19 Operating theatre, 1 15 plants, 18, 37, 38—39 operations in hospital, red deer, 51 115, 121 sea,44 orchestra, 85 reed ships, Ancient Egyptian, plastic insulators, 104 plastics, 121 1 10, 1 16 ostrich, 47 plates, sections reels, Scottish, 85 Outer Space, 103 ofthe Earth, 8, platypus, 51 9 reflection, of light, 103 oxen,108,109 refrigerators, 71, 118 plays, Japanese Kabuki, 95 ox1y0g9e,n1,3t ,736,45, 53, 54, to0' plugs, electric, 104, 105 religions, 92—93 Pluto, 5 Renaissance, 59 Pacific Ocean, 23 Poles, 3,14,17,19, 24 reptiles, 37, 46 Pole Star, 25 paddle wheels, 111 polish, silicone, 121 reserves, nature, 57 political parties, revolution, 98 pageboy, 66 politics, 98 98 painting, 83 Revolution, lndustrial, 59, 68-69 poHen,39 ribs, 54 Pangaea,8 rice, as staple food, 77 paper, 58, 80 riding 108 papyrus rituals, 93 pollination, 38, 39 River Amazon, 21 pollution, 56 Polo, Marco, 24 River Hwang Ho, 21 126 River Nile, 21, 24, 62,110 rivers, 20-21, 22, 116

.-‘ II .1 .‘-':-i . ‘ 'r J15?' ' l. -- \" _'_3. .I-. 7\"1-r: ' ii “4:1,\" '.. 4,; 4,,e\"-_. 8116115, 44 “ 1 ship radios, 107 Sssshhhhoioopposssht,ion6(sng9ue,sp7tFea0arr,,lm1ls70a,1r2,k1e1t170'-17' 1‘1,1-17 i .| I—' I u'l' I L p. .— __'—.1__ - . . . . _'_!41*,--'-_'f\"\". l' s ‘“ - -L'* ' -‘ i.P l :l\"\"\"I1‘ 5i 7 B “HEW 1i *r. wz. - I-. -_ _.'..‘1,.. '-- -\" ‘n _\" i ...‘7J’;-'- \" '_ - . . .IL_' r Ill i'—I .l ''. pufnik I l. I. I 1'.l 1,; .- I i' . 1\" . 7' squtd: giant, 45\"i. -\" r I .§. h :' , “‘1', \"I iI.“ I'. . il‘l-7- I' 7 n \"ii I - I. I 7'- L-I _I showers, bathroom, 118 I _ - _f 7' 'I‘I- F: J -I l' II- III I 'P'- J-ll'n.r . ' i - ‘I I. .II In' II II ';:J. - .. '., show jumping, 79 Squnes, 66 squirrels, grey, 41 sight, 54 silicon chip, 120 5s1ta0p99leCfoooacdh,e7s7, 103 starchy foods, silicone polish, 121 starfish, 44 76 sHver,11 singing, 84 stars, 7,12 skeleton, human, 36, 52 stars,film,71 ski, Stone Age, 79 static electricity, 104,105 steam engine, 68,111,116,117 skin, 54, 72 steam irons, 1 18 skull bones, 52 skunk,50 steam ships, 69,111 sky,3,4-5 steam trains, 69, 109, 116,117 slaves, 64, 65, 84,110 steel ships, 1 11 slugs, 38 stereo system, 119 smell, sense of, 54 stinging hornet, 42 snails, 38 stocks, the, 67 snakes, 46 Stockton, Britain, 109 stomach, human, 53 salt, in the sea, 22 snow, 17 sampons, 75 socket, electric, 104, 105 storms, 16 soil, 10, 57 samples, medical, 1 15 stream, 20 sand dunes, 19 solarflares, 5 street, Ancient Roman, 64 string instruments, 84 sand timer, 12 solar panel, 117 sari, 89 Solar System, 4-5, 7 submarines, nuclear, 111 satellites, 7, 70, 120, 121 soloist, 84 Sudan,89 satellites, lessons by, 97 sound, 106-107 suffragettes, 98 Saturn, 4, 5 Scandinavia, 110 musical, 84 Sumerians, 58, 80, 108 scenery, 95 sound waves, 106 summer, 14, 15 schools, 96-97 speed of, 106, 113 Sun, 4, 5, 6,12,14,16, 22,102, Ancient Egyptian, 53 South Africa, 109 103, 1 17, 121 Ancient Roman, 65 South America, 29, 91 how hot is the, 4 screncefiction 91 South Pole, 3, 14, 19, 24 in the future, 37 sSScccrooettntt,itsiCshtasr,epmetalsein,d,8i2c54al, 1 15 Space, 4—5, 106,120, 121 Midnight, 14 SC Outer, 103 sundials, 12 spacecraft, unmanned, 121 sunflowers, 38 sunlight, reflection of, 103 space dust, 7 sunspots, 5 space exploration, 121 supercontinent, 8 space probes, 70 supermarkets, 71 space stations, 121 supersonic iets, 113 space shuttles, 7, 1 13, 120 supersonic speed, 113 Sparta, 97 surgeons, 115, 121 speakers, stereo, 1 19 swamps, first, 36 spears, 61 swimming, 78 Specialists, 96,115 Switzerland, 21, 75 speed of light, 102 speed of sound, 106, 1 13 symptoms, 1 14 speed, supersonic, 113 fad: 01.5, 47 spices from the rainforests, 56 To 1951 Tree', 40 Spiders, 42 tandoor, tandoori,” Spinal cord, 55 tanker ships, oil, 1 1 1 sports, 73—79 Taoism, 93 Ancient Egyptian, 63

taste, 54 trees, 18, 19, 40-41 waterfalls, 21 trapical storms, 16 tattoos, 89 trapical waters, 23 water power, 105, 116 taxes, 99 Tropics, 2, 18, 19 waterspouts, 16 team sports, 78 tsunamis, 22 water vapour, 101 turbines, 117 water-wheels, 116 technology, new, 120-121 Watussi tribe, 72 telephone, 107, 120, 121 turfles,46 telesc0pes, 119 tutor, private, 97 waves, 9, 22 120, 121 television, 107, 119, typewriters, 119 tsunamis, 22 Telstar, satellite, 121 tyres, 109 weapons, first, 58,60, 61 tennis, 78 weather, 3, 16-1 7, 18-19, 12] underground electricity cables, tents 105 clothes, 88 whales,19, 45, 51 Bedouin, 75 underground, rock, 11 whale shark, 45 terns, Arctic, 48 underwater, 23 wheels uniforms, 88 terraces, on steep land, 57 first, 58, 108 unmanned spocecraft,121 water, 1 16 Thafland,93 Thames River, 21 Uranus,5 whirling dervishes, 94 theatre, 95 USA,29,70,109, 113,121 whirlwind, 16 Operating, 115 USSR,20, 117,113,121 whispering, 106 thermostats, 1 l 8 vaccines, 115 whistles, dog, 107 three-dimensional photographs vacuum cleaners, 118 white dwarf, star, 7 (holograms), 121 valley, 20 white light, 102 Thrust2, iet car, 109 wigs, 89 valves, 120 thunder, 17, 106 wind, 17,22, 1 16 thunderstorms, 19, 105 vapour, water, 101 movement of air, 100 tickets, airline, by computer, 120 veins, 53 wind instruments, 84 tides, 20, 22 windmills, 1 16, 1 17 Venezuela, 21 time, 1213 wind power, 116,117 Venus,4, 5,121 wings, birds’, 48 timer, sand, 12 Venus flytrap plant, 39 winter, 14, 15 time zones, 13 video cameras, 119 wires/cables, electricity, 105 toads, 47 wires, telephone, 107 toilets, 118 video disc player, 121 witch doctors, 93 tools,first, 37, 58, 61 video recorder, 1 19 wooden houses, 74 videos, 71 wooden ships, 110,111 tombs, Ancient Egyptian, 63 videotex, 120 woodpecker, great spotted, 41 tongue, 54 Viking I, unmanned spacecraft, woolly mammoths, 61 torch, light, 103, 104 121 wool, trapping air, 100 tornado, 16 Vikings, 1 10 worker bees, 43 villages, in Middle Ages, 67 workhouse, the, 69 tortoises, 46 touch,54 villeins, workers, 66, 67 worms, 41 towns, 69 vinyl, 121 wrestling, 79 Wright brothers, 112 toys, Ancient Egyptian, 63 vocal cords, 106 writing, 63, 80, 96 volcanoes, 9 traders, Arab, 8, 1 10 X-ray pictures, 115 votes, 98 trade unions, 69 Yanamo Indians, 74 vofing,98 trails, bush, 108 voyages of discovery, 1 10 Yang, 93 trains,69,109,116, 117 transistors, 1 19 wagons, covered, 109 Yin, 93 transparent things, 102 Wales, 91 Zaire, 72 warm-blooded animals, 48, 50 transport, 69,108-113 Zeus, king ofthe gods, 90 washing machines, 118,120 traps, 61 zip fasteners, 119 treadle, 119 wasps, 42 tree rings, 40 water, 16, 17, 101 water clock, 13, 58 tree roots, 57 First published in 1986 by Usborne TTrihgraehdtnsearMmeseaerUrkvssebodof.rUNnesobaponardnrtetohPef utdhbieslivspihcuienbg2li'c:Laatdtri.eoAnll by any means mechanical, electronic, Publishing Ltd, Usborne House may be reproduced, stored in any form or photocopying, recording, or otherwise 83-85 Saffron Hill, London EC1N 8RT without the prior permiSSIon of the Copyright © 1986 Usborne Publishing Ltd. publisher. Printed in Yugoslavia 128 This edition —— published by Ossolineum, Wroclaw, Poland —— is intended tor the Polish market.

Thiisnfcoorlmouartfiounl paicntdurfeasecnincayctilnogpefadciatsfAorrrachniglderdenthisempaactikceadllyw, iitthgiuvseesful clear and simple explanations of everyday things and key concepts, and there is an alphabetical index at the back of the book. Humorously illustrated by Colin King, this encyclopedia will not only answer many of the questions children ask, it will also provide many hours of entertaining reading. ”An ideal first encyclopaedia.” The Listener Wydano na zlecenie OSSOLINEUM, WROCLAW 1990