body system flipbook

Body Systems       

Table of contents     Integumentary System   Musculoskeletal System   Nervous System   Special Senses  Cardiovascular System  Respiratory System   Digestive System   Urinary System   Reproductive System              

Integumentary System  - set of organs that forms the external covering of the body and protects it from many threats such  as infection, desiccation, abrasion, chemical assault and radiation damage  Functions: ​ protection, sensation, temperature regulation, excretion, vitamin D synthesis  Vocabulary:  - Epidermis: The thinnest, top layer of skin   - Dermis: middle layer of skin which is also the thickest layer  - Hypodermis: innermost layer of skin that contains adipose tissue and the greatest blood supply  - Capillaries: small blood vessels found in the dermis   - Hair follicle: protective and nourishing tissue surrounding the root of a hair   - Hair: keratinized fibers that arise from hair follicles  - Nail: translucent plate made of keratin  - Keratin: protein found in hair and nails that promotes hardness   - Sebaceous glands: glands that secrete sebum into the hair follicle and to the epidermis  - Sebum: the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands    Diseases/Disorders:  - Dermatitis: rash/inflammation of the skin   - Acne: a dermatitis caused by blocked hair follicles where an overproduction of sebum results in  swelling, inflammation, and often infection by skin bacteria  - Psoriasis: a dermatitis with genetic predisposition and several types  - Rash: change in skin color, texture, or overall appearance  Healthcare careers:  - Dermatologist   - Oncologist              

  Key Terms:  - derm/o, dermat/o: skin  - kerat/o: hard, horn shaped tissue  - xer/o: dry  - xanth/o: yellow   - erythr/o: red  - pedicu/o: louse, lice   - onych/o: nail  - myc/o: fungus  - pil/o: hair   - lip/o: fat  - rhytid/o: wrinkle   - albin/o: white           

Musculoskeletal System  - System of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement    Functions: ​produce movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat, move substances  Vocabulary:  - Joints: where two bones come together  - Ligaments: tough tissue that connects bone to bone   - Tendon: fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone  - Cartilage: firm tissue, softer and more flexible than bones. Found at the end of the bone  - Muscle: bands of tissue that allow movement.   - Bone: dense, hard connective tissue that makes up the skeleton   - Bone marrow: the inside of a bone where cells are made   - Skeletal muscle: muscles that are attached to bones   - Cardiac muscle: heart muscle   - Smooth muscle: makes up the stomach and other hollow organs   Diseases/Disorders:  - Osteoporosis: disease that weakens your bones   - Musculoskeletal disease: disease of the muscles, bones, or joints that produces body dysfunction  with a recognizable set of signs and symptoms that often have a well-understood cause  - Degenerative disease: disease in which the function or structure of tissue progressively  deteriorates over time  - Osteoarthritis: wearing down and dysfunction of joints   Healthcare careers:   - Chiropractors: medical professionals who treat disorders by manipulating the musculoskeletal  system   - Massage therapists: practitioners trained in the manipulation of the muscle and soft tissues of  the body by rubbing and kneading         

Key Terms:  - my/o: muscle   - myel/o: bone marrow, spinal cord  - oste/o: bone  - cost/o: rib  - crani/o: cranium   - -pexy: fixation of   - chondr/o: cartilage   - arthr/o: joint  - -plegia: paralysis  - kinesi/o: movement     -