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Home Explore ມ.2_ພາສາລາວ_ ຄູ່ມື_Lao

ມ.2_ພາສາລາວ_ ຄູ່ມື_Lao

Published by lavanh9979, 2021-08-06 07:52:27

Description: ມ.2_ພາສາລາວ_ ຄູ່ມື_Lao

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ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ{ xtgrf0v’dkog;kQ .o3vdkf8kj ’Mc,oj sp’a L 8v[G xtgrf0v’dkog;kQ .o3vdkf8kj ’M dkocotoez[h6 oa pkpF zIh6 ;j ,vtrxy kpF ;my tpk dvoF 37lqdF rymudvo s^n z6hfegouodkovtryxkpgxaoz6hme|hkmuoj UD dkog;Qkgxaomadlt|b’j .o $ madltdko.-hrklkD dkog;Qk,u[qf[kfle7aos^kp.o-u;yf xt9e;ao grkt,aogxao0t[;o;u;afcs’j dkollnj komulj tf;d;vj ’w;lhk’7;k,g0Qk.9wfhs^kpD 3fpm;jq wxc];h dkog;kQ 9t,lu v’]da ltot7n dkog;kQ .omxju t-,5 c]t dkog;kQ grvjn loq mtok .o-u;yfxt9e;aoD .o8q;9y’c]h;dkog;Qk.zM d=g;Qkwfhc8gj ;Qk.shgxaoF .sh4ndoAoc,oj g]vnj ’mpuj kd c]t 8vh ’wfIh PoIh6 c]t .-gh ;]kg/dy /oq foq oko 3fpltgrktoda IPoF oda ldb lk9t8vh ’wfIh PoIh6 c]t g/ydcv[dkog;Qk.shgxaowx8k,0Ao8vo fa’j oAoF 9b’j ltg|us^addkorNo4kodkog;Qk c]t lqomtokgrvnj gxaoco;mk’.odkog/ydcv[g;Qk c]t rafmtokdkog;Qk.shwfh,kf8t4koD f’ja ooA F dvj odkolvo[fq oU 796 t8vh ’dec|oh 9f5 xtl’q c]t ]t[[q 7kf\\kp.odkoIPoIFh6 ldb lkx,B c[[IPo c]t 7,j6 dn kolvo[fq o.U sgh 0kQ .9 c];h 9’jb lvo8k,]ef[a 0oA 8vomdju kj ;.o7,j6 7n 6 3fp4gn vkq sda^ dko.ox,B c[[IPogxoa roN 4ko c]t 4gn vkq oda IPogxoa .9dk’ c]t dkolvomfy ltfu 9t8vh ’7P’7dj6 [a dkog/yd8;q 9y’wxrvh , c]t d=g/yd.ssh ^kpgmkjq .fp’yj fuD l’yj le7oa vudxtdko|’jb 769t8hv’g;Qkgxao8q;1kj ’.shoadIPog[y’j dvj o c]t dkog/ydc8]j t7A’9t8hv’,udkoxtg,uozqo 1kj ’gxufgzup grvnj .shoda IPogsoa 0[=h dq zvj ’0v’8oq c];h oewxx[a x’5 cdwh 0.odkog;kQ 0oA 8+wxD dkog/ydg;Qkc8j]t7A’ 8hv’dec|ho;ymudkoxt8y[af c]t goAos^ad,k]tpkf.shs^kp rvh ,fP;doa ooA dg= /dy dko2’a wxrvh ,D @D lvo7;k,le7ao0v’dkog;Qk.o3vdkf8jk’M { 76g;Qkg4y’7;k,\\kp0v’dkog;Qk.o3vdkf8jk’M.shoadIPo2a’ c]h;8A’[aosk lqomtokda[oadIPodPj ;da[7;k,le7ao c]t 9egxao0v’dkog;Qk.o3vdkf8kj ’M 8+dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’7qogIqk c]t vkf9t8A’7e4k,.shoadIPo8v[f’aj oUG T 3fpm;qj wxc]h;dkog;Qk.o3vdkf8kj ’M,uvao.fcfLj T dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’7qogIqk 4hk[+,udkog;Qk9tgxaoco;.fL #D lvoxtgrf0v’dkog;Qk.o3vdkf8jk’M { 76ltg|ugoNv.omu9j t.-hg0Qk.odkog;Qk.o3vdkf8kj ’M3fpla’g0[ grnvj gxaoco;mk’ .sch doj da IPo.o0oA roN 4kof’ja oGU { goNv.omuj9tgvqk,kg;Qk,u7;k,le7ao8+z6hg;Qkco;.fL grkt9tgIaf.shdkodtdP, dkog;Qkwfhfug-oaj G 7yfw]gj oNv.o.shg\\ktlq,da[g;]kwfhF g;Qkwfhgxao]t[q[fuD 103

{ gIaf.shz6h2a’8yf8k,goNv.owfh1kj ’gxao]t[q[ c]t g0Qk.9wfhfuD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ $D lvodkocotoez6h[aopkp { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vorNo4koma’ * .shoadIPog0Qk.9c]h;cotoe ;ymu.-h0Ao8vogs^kqj oAo .odkog;kQ 0v’8oq g-’yj ,u;ymuxt8y[fa f’ja oUG { 7c6 otoes;q 0.h= soh da IPo sn^ cotoe.sgh vkq c[[g/dy sfa .ox,B c[[IPo vkf9t.sgh ;]k m;o7on g]da ovh pdvj o9t.sgh /dy 8;q 9’y D { .shoadIPog/ydgmnjv]t0Ao8vo.osq;0=hdkocotoez6h[aopkp .shg/yddko0Bo8Qodjvo g,vjn gsoa ;kj c8]j t7oq 7vj ’c7;h s^n r.= -wh fch ];h 9’jb .sgh /dy 0oA 8+wx8k,]ef[a F 4kh z.h6 fg;kQ [+moa wfdh .= sgh /dy .\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ * 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .shsq;0=h’kj pMg-oaj G dkogxaorymudvoF grvnj .shoadIPog/yd0Po]efa[g]vnj ’F 9kdoAo.sh 0Bog;QkD 4hkoadIPo,us^kpshv’vkf9tg/yd0afg]nvdc8]j tshv’c]h; c0’j 0aog;Qk]t s;kj ’svh ’d[a svh ’D &D lvodkodjk;0v[.9z6hg;Qk { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vorNo4koma’ $ .shoadIPog0Qk.9c]h;cotoe ;ymu.-h0Ao8vogs^kqj oAo .odkog;kQ 0v’8oq g-’yj ,u;ymuxt8y[fa f’ja oUG { 76cotoedkodjk;0v[.9.shoadIPo s^n cotoe.shoadIPog/ydcv[fh;p8qogv’ 3fp.sgh ;]kmguj \\ktl,q dvj o9t.sgh /yd8;q 9y’D { .shoadIPog/ydgmnjv]t0Ao8vo.osq;0=hdkodjk;0v[.9z6hg;Qk g,njvgsao;jkc8j]t7qo 7vj ’c7;h s^n r=.-wh fch ];h 9’jb .sgh /yd0oA 8+wx8k,]ef[a F 4kh z.h6 fg;kQ [+moa wfdh +.sgh /yd.\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ $ 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .ssh ;q 0’h= kj pMg-oja G dkodkj ;0v[.9zgh6 ;kQ F grvjn .soh da IPog/dy 0Po]ef[a g]vjn ’F 9kdooA .sh0Bog;QkD 4hkoadIPo,us^kpshv’vkf9tg/yd0afg]nvdc8]j tshv’c]h; c0’j 0aog;Qk ]ts;kj ’shv’da[shv’D *D lvodkodjk;8hvoIa[ { 7v6 tm[y kp0oA 8vom’a # .soh da IPog0kQ .9c];h cotoe ;my .u -0h oA 8vogskjq^ ooA .odkog;kQ 0v’8qo g-y’j ,u;ymuxt8y[aff’aj oUG { 7c6 otoedkodkj ;8vh oI[a .soh da IPo sn^ cotoe.soh da IPog/dy cv[f;h p8oq gv’ 3fp.sh g;]kmguj \\ktl,q dvj o9t.sgh /dy 8;q 9’y D 104

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ{ .soh da IPog/ydgmvjn ]t0oA 8vo.os;q 0d=h kodkj ;8vh oI[a g,vnj gsoa ;kj c8]j t7oq 7vj ’c7;h s^n r=.-hwfhc]h; 9’bj .shg/yd0Ao8+wx8k,]efa[F 4hkz6h.fg;Qk[+maowfhd=.shg/yd.\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ # 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .ssh ;q 0=’h kj pMg-oja G dkodkj ;8vh oI[a F grvnj .soh da IPog/yd0Po]ef[a g]vnj ’F 9kdooA .sh 0Bog;QkD 4hkoadIPo,us^kpshv’vkf9tg/yd0afg]nvdc8j]tshv’c]h; c0j’0aog;Qk ]ts;kj ’shv’da[shv’D *D lvodkodjk;8v[dko8hvoIa[ { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vorNo4koma’ $ .shoadIPog0Qk.9c]h;cotoe ;ymu.-h0Ao8vogs^kqj oAo .odkog;Qk0v’8qo g-’yj ,u;ymuxt8y[aff’aj oUG { 7c6 otoedkodkj ;8v[dko8vh oI[a .soh da IPo sn^ cotoe.soh da IPog/dy cv[f;h p8oq gv’ 3fp.sgh ;]kmgju \\ktl,q dvj o9t.sgh /yd8;q 9y’D { .soh da IPog/ydgmvnj ]t0oA 8vo.os;q 0=dh kodkj ;8v[dko8vh oI[a g,vnj gsoa ;kj c8]j t7oq 7vj ’c7;h s^n r=.-wh fch ];h 9’jb .sgh /yd0oA 8+wx8k,]ef[a F 4kh z.h6 fg;kQ [+moa wfdh +.sgh /yd.\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ $ 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .shsq;0=h’kj pMg-aoj G dkodkj ;8v[dko8hvoIa[ F grnvj .shoadIPog/yd0Po]efa[g]nvj ’F 9kdooA .s0h oB g;kQ D 4kh oda IPo,su k^ psvh ’vkf9tg/dy 0fa g]vn dc8]j tsvh ’c];h c0’j 0oa g;kQ ]ts;kj ’svh ’d[a svh ’D (D lvodkodjk;7ev;prvo { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vorNo4koma’ $ .shoadIPog0Qk.9c]h;cotoe ;ymu.-h0Ao8vogs^kqj oAo .odkog;Qk0v’8qo g-’yj ,u;ymuxt8y[aff’aj oUG { 76cotoedkodkj ;7ev;prvo.shoadIPo s^n cotoe.shoadIPog/ydcv[fh;p8qogv’ 3fp.sgh ;]kmgju \\ktl,q dvj o9t.sgh /yd8;q 9y’D { .soh da IPog/ydgmvnj ]t0oA 8vo.os;q 0=dh kodkj ;7ev;prvo g,vnj gsoa ;kj c8]j t7oq 7vj ’ c7h; s^n r=.-hwfhc]h; 9’bj .shg/yd0Ao8+wx8k,]efa[F 4hkz6h.fg;Qk[+maowfhd+.shg/yd.\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ $ 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .ssh ;q 0’h= kj pMg-oja G dkodkj ;7ev;prvo F grvjn .soh da IPog/dy 0Po]ef[a g]vjn ’F 9kdooA .sh0Bog;QkD 4hkoadIPo,us^kpshv’vkf9tg/yd0afg]nvdc8]j tshv’c]h; c0’j 0aog;Qk ]ts;kj ’shv’da[shv’D { g;Qk8k,sq;0=h c]t g;]kmudj eoqfw;hD 105

)D cotoedkocdh;Pd[hko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 7v6 tm[y kp]da ltotdkodkj ;v;prvo\\gj6 rvjn oD { 76oerkoadIPog/yddkocotoez6h[aopkpF dkodkj ;0v[.9z6hg;QkF dkodkj ;8hvoIa[F dkodkj ;8v[dko8hvoIa[ 3fppqd[qf.f|b’j 0Bo c]t cotoeoadIPo.shxt8y[af8k, 0oA 8vomwuj fIh Po,k 3fp7g6 Ifa gxoa 8;q 1kj ’.sgh [’yj D { .shoadIPog/yddkocotoez6h[aopkpF dkodkj ;0v[.9z6hg;QkF dkodkj ;8hvoIa[F dko dkj ;8v[dko8vh oI[a g-’jy 7v6 kf9tdeofq g;]k .s8h k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D g,vjn oda IPog],ju xt8y[af769bj’la’gdfg[y’j oadIPo;jkgxao1kj ’.fF s^a’9kd\\qfg;]kmujdeoqf.shc]h; 76 9’jb 4k,7;k,g0kQ .90v’oda IPo c]t 8-y ,q ;my du kom[ju 4+ dn 8vh ’;kj 7;ocdwh 09f5 .fcfj VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { g;]koda IPo8v[7e4k,0v’76 s^n .s7h egsoa dPj ;d[a c8]j t[oa skm7uj 86 ’A 0BoD d;fzqo’ko9kdG { dkogIaf;Pdgxaod5j,0v’oadIPo XI6hgIafgxaod5j,[=L zqowfhIa[fhkodkoIPoI6hgxao co;.fL?D { dkog;Qk0v’oadIPo Xg;Qk4nds^ad[=L .-h7e4nd8k,7;k,\\kp[=L? { dkogIfa ;Pd X8k,7,6 v[\\kp? d[a svh ’0v’oda IPo Xoda IPoI9h6 da g;kQ [fq xtgrf8kj ’M .s4h nd8vh ’? { dkogIfa ;Pd[kh o0v’oda IPo Xoda IPogIfa 7[q md5 7oq [=L zoq 0v’,oa gxoa co;.fL? 106

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [qfmu !# dkog;Qk.o3vdkf8jk’M X8+? g;]k $ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .soh da IPolk,kfG { Idh6 Pj ;d[a 7;k,\\kp0v’dkodkj ;,v[]k’;oa c]t 0v’0;oa F dkodkj ;,v[;fa 4l5 ’jy 0v’F dkodkj ;7eve]k c]t dkodkj ;w;hvkw]D { 9ecod]adltot0v’dkodkj ;,v[]k’;ao c]t 0v’0;aoF dkodkj ;,v[;af45ly’j 0v’F dkodkj ;7eve]k c]t dkodkj ;w;vh kw] m,ju 1u .j6 o[fq 8kj ’Mwf.h o]tf[a cooj vo.f |’jb D { oe.-hdkodkj ;,v[]k’;ao c]t 0v’0;aoF dkodkj ;,v[;af45ly’j 0v’F dkodkj ;7e ve]k c]t dkodkj ;w;hvkw] g0Qk.o8q;9y’8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkodkj ;,v[]k’;ao s^n 0v’0;ao c,oj dkodkj ;gonvj ’.o3vdkfmu,j udko,v[]k’;ao s^n 0v’0;aocdzj 6hmuwj fhglplts^t-a[ s^n ;af45ly’j 0v’l;j o8q;grnvj l;j o];,F gIafdyf9tdko.f|b’j s^n z6hm,uj uzqo’kofugfoaj D 7;o,us^addkodkj ;,v[f’aj oUG vtmy[kp;kj gxaospa’9’bj ,urymu,v[0v’0;aooAoF govnj ’.o3vdkf.fD gxoa sp’a 9’jb wfIh [a g]vn d.sgh xoa z,h6 v[0v’0;oa ooA D mkj odkj ;.ook,[d5 7oq sn^ 8k’|kh dko 9fa 8’A .f|’jb D zIh6 [a gIfa sp’a 9’jb l,q 7;owfIh [a ]k’;oa pvh ’p= c]t 7o5 ’k,7;k,f0u v’zIh6 [a ,su p’a cfj gvoU -nj c]t 8ec|’j |hkmu0j v’z6hoAo1kj ’4nd8hv’c8dj kj ;lAoMD zgh6 ;kQ 8vh ’g;kQ .szh 2h6 ’a Ilh6 db 8ojn g8oA F loq .9F dt8oh5 .sgh dfu de]’a .9zdh6 Pj ;9tgIfa 7;k,f.u o0oA 8+wxD dkj ;g4’y 0v’0;oa ooA ;kj gxoa l’jy 8v[cmodkolkh ’7o5 ’k,7;k,fu sn^ gxoa m]ju todb D 0v’ 0;aooAovkf9t,u7kj ohvpc80j =.sh4n;kj gxaog7nvj ’\\kpcs’j 7;k,g7qk]q[oa[4nF 7;k,Iad c]t 7;k,xk4t|kvaofum7uj tot,u8+z6hoAo s^n vkfg;Qkg4y’0v’0;ao[k’-toyf,u7;k,\\kp1kj ’.f g,vjn dkj ;9[q c];h 9’jb g-ou zIh6 [a vvd,kI[a 0v’0;oa ooA D s’a^ 9kdooA F 9’jb lezfa ,dn [a zIh6 [a grvjn gxoa dkoltcf’7;k,poy f8u k,c[[lkdoq dw= fDh 4kh zIh6 [a gxoa zph6 ’y ]k; dkolezfa ,vn kfxPj ogxoa 107

o[q g-’jy doa c]t doa sn^ zIh6 [a pdq ,on [q z.h6 sdh vj odw= fh grktzgh6 Ifa |kh m,ju v[0v’0;oa 7;o9tgxoa 7oqສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ m,uj u7;k,le7oa le][a 3vdkfooA MD dkodkj ;,v[;fa 4l5 ’jy 0v’ dkodkj ;govjn ’9kdrkdl;j o sn^ [d5 7oq .f|’jb ,du kodl+ kh ’vtol5 k ;t]u grvjn gxoa m]ju todb g4’y [d5 7oq mlju kh ’7o5 ’k,7;k,f.u sch dxj tgmf-kfF ,du kodl+ kh ’3I’IPoF vk7koF 0;q F ld5 lk]kF svh ’lt\\f5 DDD grvjn ,v[.sgh xoa lkmk]totxt3spfD .o3vdkfmdju kodl+ kh ’ oAoleg]afF 9t,u’kolts^v’.orymuoAo vkf9t,udkodkj ;,v[ s^n dkj ;gxuf.-hlt4komuoj AoMD dkodkj ;7eve]k c,oj dkodkj ;.od]= tomu ,ju zu .h6 f|’jb vvd9kd|kh m;ju Pd’ko sn^ pkh pwx1j6 [vj ovojn grvjn I[a 8ec|’j |kh m.ju \\Dj grvjn oI;j ,’ko.o[vj ogdkjq ,da 9t9fa ’ko]Ph ’l’jq c]t .o3vdkf ooA zmh6 9uj kdwx9t8vh ’gxoa zdh6 kj ;7eve]kD dkodkj ;7ew;hvkw] c,oj dkodkj ;gonv’.o3vdkf rymuxq’lq[F rymugvqkdtf6dg0Qkmkf s^n rmy /u ’a l[q grvjn gxoa dPfcdzj gh6 lp-;u fy D 8k’|kh 7tot9fa 8’A 7;odkj ;g4’y z8h6 kpc8.j ofkh ofu c]t pvh ’p=loa ]tgluoc87j o5 ’k,7;k,fuF ;ymuloa ]tgluod=7n dkog;kQ pvh ’p= c8.j s1h .j6 o0v[g0fcs’j 7;k,gxoa 9’y D IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76,j n76rklk]k; -Ao ,D@D { xB,rklk]k;mluj k,kfsk,kwfhD { xB,vkj oF ;k]tlkoF |a’lnry, c]t vnoj MD { ;fa 9tokod5 ,q rklk]k;D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo !D 76m;o7no[qfIPogdjqkG grnjvg9kt9Y,c8j]t[aoskmuj9tdjP;gonjv’g4y’[qfIPo[qfoU7nG dkodkj ;7eve]kF dkodkj ;,v[]k’;ao c]t 0v’0;aoF dkodkj ;,v[;af45lyj’0v’ c]t dkodkj ;ws;vh kw] 776 ;o8’A [oa sk4k,oda IPof’ja oUG { r;dgIqkwfhIPospa’cf.j o;y-krklk]k; -Ao ,D!L .z9nsj pa’wfhcfLj Xwfh|hvpd+g;Qk |vh p?D { dkodkj ;,v[]k’;oa c,oj sp’a L 8v[G dkodkj ;,v[]k’;oa s^n 0v’0;oa c,oj dkodkj ;govjn ’.o3vdkfm,ju udko,v[]k’ ;ao s^n 0v’0;aocdzj 6hmuwj fhglplts^t-a[ s^n ;af45ly’j 0v’l;j o8q;grnvj l;j o];,F gIafdyf9tdko .f|’bj s^n z6hmu,j uzqo’kofugfoaj D 7;o,us^addkodkj ;,v[f’aj oUG 108

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດvtmy[kp;kj gxaospa’9’bj ,urymu,v[0v’0;aooAoF govnj ’.o3vdkf.fD gxoa sp’a 9’jb wfIh [a g]vn d.sgh xoa z,h6 v[0v’0;oa ooA D mkj odkj ;.ook,[d5 7oq sn^ 8k’|kh dko 9fa 8’A .f|’jb D zIh6 [a gIfa sp’a 9’jb l,q 7;owfIh [a ]k’;oa pvh ’p= c]t 7o5 ’k,7;k,f0u v’zIh6 [a ,su p’a cfj gvoU -nj c]t 8ec|’j |hkm0uj v’z6hoAo1kj ’4nd8hv’c8dj kj ;lAoMD zgh6 ;kQ 8vh ’g;kQ .szh 2h6 ’a Ilh6 db 8ojn g8oA F loq .9F dt8oh5 .sgh dfu de]’a .9zdh6 Pj ;9tgIfa 7;k,f.u o0oA 8+wxD dkj ;g4’y 0v’0;oa ooA ;kj gxoa l’jy 8v[cmodkolkh ’7o5 ’k,7;k,fu sn^ gxoa m]ju todb D 0v’ 0;aooAovkf9t,u7kj ohvpc80j =.sh4n;kj gxaog7nvj ’\\kpcs’j 7;k,g7qk]q[oa[4nF 7;k,Iad c]t 7;k,xk4t|kvaofumu7j tot,u8+z6hoAo s^n vkfg;Qkg4y’0v’0;ao[k’-toyf,u7;k,\\kp1kj ’.f g,nvj dkj ;9q[c]h;9’bj g-uoz6hIa[vvd,kIa[0v’0;aooAoD s^a’9kdoAoF 9’bj lezaf,nda[z6hIa[ grnvj gxao dkoltcf’7;k,pyofu8k,c[[lkdqod=wfhD 4hkz6hIa[gxaoz6hpy’]k; dkolezaf,nvkfxPj ogxao o[q g-’jy doa c]t doa sn^ zIh6 [a pdq ,on [q z.h6 sdh vj odw= fh grktzgh6 Ifa |kh m,ju v[0v’0;oa 7;o 9tgxoa 7oq m,uj u7;k,le7oa le][a 3vdkfooA MD { dkodkj ;,v[;af45l’yj 0v’c,oj spa’L 8v[G dkodkj ;,v[;fa 4l5 ’yj 0v’ govnj ’9kdgIkq ,udkod+lkh ’vkol5 k;t]u grvnj gxoa m]uj todb g4’y [d5 7oq mlju kh ’7o5 ’k,7;k,f.u sch dxj tgmf-kf ,du kodl+ kh ’3I’IPoF vk7koF 0;q F ld5 lk]kF svh ’lt\\f5 DDD grvjn lt]t.sgh xoa lkmk]totxt3spfcd7j oq m;jq wx .o3vdkfmdju kodl+ kh ’ooA leg]fa c]h; 9t,u’kolts^v’.orymuoAo vkf9t,udkodkj ;,v[ s^n dkj ;gxuf.-hlt4komuoj AoMD { dkodkj ;7eve]kc,oj spa’L 8v[G dkodkj ;7eve]k c,oj dkodkj ;.od=]toumu,j uz6h.f|b’j vvd9kd|hkmu;j Pd’ko s^n pkh pwx1[j6 vj ovojn grvjn I[a 8ec|’j |kh m.ju \\Dj grvjn oI;j ,’ko.o[vj ogdkjq ,da 9t9fa ’ko]Ph ’l’jq c]t .o3vdkfooA zmh6 9uj kdwx9t8vh ’gxoa zdh6 kj ;7eve]kD { dkodkj ;ws;hvkw]c,oj spa’L 8v[G dkodkj ;7ews;vh kw] c,oj dkodkj ;govn ’.o3vdkf rmy xu ’q l[q F rmy gu vkq dtfd6 g0kQ mkf s^n rymu/a’lq[ grnvj gxaodPfcdzj 6hglp-u;yfD 8k’|hk7tot9af8A’7;odkj ;g4y’z6h8kpc8.j ofhkofu c]t pvh ’p=loa ]tglou c87j o5 ’k,7;k,fFu ;my lu oa ]tglou d7= n dkog;kQ pvh ’p= c8.j s1h .j6 o0v[g0f cs’j 7;k,gxoa 9’y D dkog;Qkgxaomadlt|b’j .o $ madltdko.-hrklkD dkog;Qk,u[qf[kfle7aos^kp.o-u;yf xt9e;ao grkt,aogxao0t[;o;u;afcs’j dkolnlj komulj tf;d;vj ’w;lhk’7;k,g0Qk.9wfhs^kpD 109

3fpm;jq wxc];h dkog;kQ 9t,lu v’]da ltot7n dkog;kQ .omxju t-,5 c]t dkog;kQ grvjn loq mtok ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ .o-u;yfxt9e;aoD .o8q;9y’c]h;dkog;Qk.zM d=g;Qkwfhc8gj ;Qk.shgxaoF .sh4ndoAoc,oj g]vnj ’mpuj kd c]t 8vh ’wfIh PoI6h c]t .-gh ;]kg/yd/oq foq oko 3fpltgrktoda IPooadlbdlk9t8hv’wfIh PoIh6 c]t g/ydcv[dkog;Qk.shgxaowx8k,0Ao8vo fa’j oAo9b’j ltg|us^addkorNo4kodkog;Qk c]t loq mtokgrvnj gxoa co;mk’.odkog/ydcv[g;Qk c]t rfa mtokdkog;kQ .shwf,h kf4koD f’ja ooA F dvj odkolvo[fq oU 796 t8vh ’dec|oh 9f5 xtl’q c]t ]t[[q 7kf\\kp .odkoIPoIFh6 ldb lkx,B c[[IPo c]t 7,j6 dn kolvo[fq o.U sgh 0kQ .9 c];h 9’jb lvo8k,]ef[a 0oA 8vomdju kj ;.o7,j6 7n 6 3fp4gn vkq sda^ dko.ox,B c[[IPogxoa roN 4ko c]t 4gn vkq oda IPogxoa .9dk’ c]t dkolvomfy ltfu 9t8vh ’7P’7dj6 [a dkog/yd8;q 9y’wxrvh , c]t d=g/yd.ssh ^kpgmkjq .fp’yj fuD l’yj le7oa vudxtdko|’jb 796 t8vh ’g;kQ gxoa 8;q 1kj ’.soh da IPog[’jy dvj o c]t dkog/dy c8]j t7’A 9t8vh ’,du koxtg,ou zoq 1kj ’ gxufgzup grvnj .soh da IPogsoa 0[=h dq zvj ’0v’8oq c];h oewxx[a x’5 cdwh 0.odkog;kQ 0oA 8+wxD dkog/ydg;Qkc8j]t7A’ 8hv’dec|ho;ymudkoxt8y[af c]t goAos^ad,k]tpkf.shs^kp rvh ,fP;doa ooA dg= /dy dko2’a wxrvh ,D @D lvodkodkj ;,v[]k’;ao s^n 0v’0;ao { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vorNo4koma’ & .shoadIPog0Qk.9c]h;cotoe ;ymu.-h0Ao8vogs^kqj oAo .odkog;Qk0v’8qo g-’yj ,u;ymuxt8y[aff’aj oUG { 7c6 otoes;q 0.h= soh da IPo sn^ cotoe.sgh vkq c[[g/dy sfa .ox,B c[[IPo vkf9t.sgh ;]k m;o7on g]da ovh pdvj o9t.sgh /dy 8;q 9’y D { .soh da IPog/dy gmvjn ]t0oA 8vo.os;q 0dh= kodkj ;7eve]k.sgh /dy dko0oB 8oQ dvj o g,vjn gsoa ;kj c8j]t7qo7vj ’c7h; s^n r=.-hwfhc]h;9’bj .shg/yd0Ao8+wx8k,]efa[F 4hkz6h.fg;Qk[+maowfh d.+ sgh /dy .\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ & 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .shsq;0=h’kj pMg-oaj G dkodkj ;,v[]k’;ao s^n 0v’0;aoF grnvj .shoadIPog/yd0Po]efa[ g]vnj ’F 9kdoAo.sh0Bog;QkD 4hkoadIPo,us^kpshv’vkf9tg/yd0afg]nvdc8]j tshv’c]h; c0’j 0oa g;kQ ]ts;kj ’svh ’d[a svh ’D { g;Qk8k,sq;0=h c]t g;]kmudj eoqfw;hD #D lvodkodkj ;,v[;fa 4l5 ’yj 0v’ { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vorNo4koma’ $ .shoadIPog0Qk.9c]h;cotoe ;ymu.-h0Ao8vogs^kqj oAo .odkog;Qk0v’8qo g-’yj ,u;ymuxt8y[aff’aj oUG 110

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ{ 7c6 otoes;q 0.h= soh da IPo sn^ cotoe.sgh vkq c[[g/dy sfa .ox,B c[[IPo vkf9t.sgh ;]k m;o7on g]da ovh pdvj o9t.sgh /dy 8;q 9’y D { .soh da IPog/dy gmvjn ]t0oA 8vo.os;q 0dh= kodkj ;,v[;fa 4l5 ’jy 0v’.sgh /dy dko0oB 8oQ dvj o g,vjn gsoa ;kj c8]j t7oq 7vj ’c7;h s^n r.= -wh fch ];h 9’jb .sgh /dy 0oA 8+wx8k,]ef[a F 4kh z.h6 fg;kQ [+moa wfdh +.sgh /dy .\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ $ 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .shsq;0=h’kj pZg-aoj G dkodkj ;,v[;af45ly’j 0v’F grnvj .shoadIPog/yd0Po]efa[g]nvj ’F 9kdoAo.s0h Bog;QkD 4hkoadIPo,us^kpshv’vkf9tg/yd0afg]nvdc8]j tshv’c]h; c0’j 0oa g;kQ ]ts;kj ’svh ’d[a svh ’D { g;Qk8k,sq;0=h c]t g;]kmudj eoqfw;hD $D lvodkodkj ;7eve]k { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vorNo4koma’ * .shoadIPog0Qk.9c]h;cotoe ;ymu.-h0Ao8vogs^kqj oAo .odkog;Qk0v’8qo g-’yj ,u;ymuxt8y[aff’aj oUG { 7c6 otoes;q 0.h= soh da IPo sn^ cotoe.sgh vkq c[[g/dy sfa .ox,B c[[IPo vkf9t.sgh ;]k m;o7on g]da ovh pdvj o9t.sgh /dy 8;q 9’y D { .soh da IPog/dy gmvjn ]t0oA 8vo.os;q 0dh= kodkj ;7eve]k.sgh /dy dko0oB 8oQ dvj o g,vjn gsoa ;kj c8]j t7qo7vj ’c7h; s^n r=.-hwfhc]h;9b’j .shg/yd0Ao8+wx8k,]efa[F 4hkz6h.fg;Qk[+mao wfdh .= sgh /dy .\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ * 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .ssh ;q 0’h= kj pMg-oja G dkodkj ;7eve]kF grvjn .soh da IPog/dy 0Po]ef[a g]vjn ’F 9kdooA .sh 0Bog;QkD 4hkoadIPo,us^kpshv’vkf9tg/yd0afg]nvdc8]j tshv’c]h; c0’j 0aog;Qk]t s;kj ’shv’da[shv’ { g;Qk8k,sq;0=h c]t g;]kmudj eoqfw;hD &D lvo7ews;hvkw] { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vorNo4koma’ * .shoadIPog0Qk.9c]h;cotoe ;ymu.-h0Ao8vogs^kqj oAo .odkog;Qk0v’8qo g-’yj ,u;ymuxt8y[aff’aj oUG { 7c6 otoes;q 0.h= soh da IPo sn^ cotoe.sgh vkq c[[g/dy sfa .ox,B c[[IPo vkf9t.sgh ;]k m;o7on g]da ovh pdvj o9t.sgh /dy 8;q 9’y D 111

{ .shoadIPog/ydgmnjv]t0Ao8vo.osq;0=hdkodjk;7ews;hvkw].shg/yddko0Bo8Qodjvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g,vjn gsoa ;kj c8j]t7oq 7vj ’c7;h s^n r.= -wh fch ];h 9’jb .sgh /dy 0oA 8+wx8k,]ef[a F 4kh z.h6 fg;kQ [+moa wfdh +.sgh /dy .\\Dj { gvqksq;0=hgfu,.shg/yd\\qfma’ * 0Ao8voF vkf9t.-hg;]k @ s^n # okmuD { .ssh ;q 0’h= kj pMg-oja G dkodkj ;7ews;vh kw]F grvjn .soh da IPog/dy 0Po]ef[a g]vjn ’F 9kdooA .sh 0Bog;QkD 4hkoadIPo,us^kpshv’vkf9tg/yd0afg]nvdc8]j tshv’c]h; c0’j 0aog;Qk]t s;kj ’shv’da[shv’ { g;Qk8k,sq;0=h c]t g;]kmudj eoqfw;hD *D cotoedkocd;h Pd[kh o { 7v6 tmy[kp]da ltotdkodkj ;7eve]k\\gj6 rvnj oD { 7o6 erkoda IPog/dy dkodkj ;7eve]kF dkodkj ;,v[;fa 4F5 3fppdq [fq .f|’jb 0oB c]t cotoeoda IPo.sxh t8y[fa 8k,0oA 8vomwuj fIh Po,k 3fp7g6 Ifa gxoa 8;q 1kj ’.sgh [’yj D { .shoadIPog/yddkodjk;7eve]kF dkodjk;,v[;af45F g-yj’76vkf9tdeoqfg;]k .s8h k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D g,vjn oda IPog],ju xt8[y fa 796 ’jb l’a gdfg[’jy oda IPo;kj gxoa 1kj ’.fF s’a^ 9kd\\fq g;]kmdu e|fq .sch ];h 796 ’jb 4k,7;k,g0kQ .90v’oda IPo c]t 8-y ,q ;my du ko m[uj +4nd8hv’;kj 7;ocdhw095f.fcfj VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { dkolqomtok8v[7e4k,0v’76 s^n .sh7egsaodPj ;da[c8]j t[aoskm7uj 68A’0BoD { dkogIaf;Pdgxaod5j,0v’oadIPo XI6hgIafgxaod5j,[=L zqowfhIa[fhkodkoIPoI6hgxao co;.fL?D { dkog;Qk0v’oadIPo Xg;Qk4nds^ad[=L .-h7e4nd8k,7;k,\\kp[=L? d;fzqo’ko9kdG { dkogIfa ;Pd X8k,7,6 v[\\kp? d[a svh ’0v’oda IPo Xoda IPoI9h6 da dkog;kQ [fq xtgrf 8kj ’M.s4h nd8vh ’? { dkogIfa ;Pd[kh o0v’oda IPo Xoda IPogIfa 7[q md5 7oq [=L zoq 0v’,oa gxoa co;.fL? 112

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IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76,j n76rklk]k; -Ao ,D@D { xB,rklk]k;mluj k,kfsk,kwfDh { xB,vkj oF ;k]tlkoF |a’lnry, c]t vnoj MD { ;fa 9tokod5 ,q rklk]k;D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo { dkolvo !D dvj olvo[qfoU76oerkm;o7no7;k,I6hdPj ;da[ <7;k,lk,kf0v’dko2a’< 16.j o-Ao ,D! dvj oD 3fp,u[k’;ymufa’j oUG { .shoadIPog;Qk7no[k’[aoskmu9j nwj fh dPj ;da[7;k,lk,kf0v’dko2a’muwj fhIPo16-j Ao ,D!D { 8A’[aosk4k,8k,goNv.o8Qo8= 0v’[qfIPogxao0=hMwxD 9t[’qj 8q; s^n lt\\ad.98v[d=wfh c8lj ’yj le7oa 786 vh ’lts[^5 7no c]t g;kQ g4y’7;k,dPj ;govnj ’doa ]ts;kj ’7;k,lk,kf 0v’dko2a’muwj fhIPo16-j Ao ,D! c]t dko2a’16-j Ao ,D@D c]h;9b’j ltg|u[qf.\\Dj @D 7v6 tmy[kp c]t oeltg|udPj ;d[a dko2’a 3fp8’A 7e4k,.soh da IPog;kQ g4y’xt3spf 9kddko2’a g-oja G { r;dgIqkwfhIPospa’cf.j o;y-krklk]k; -Ao ,D!L .z9nsj pa’wfhcfLj Xwfh|hvpd=g;Qk |vh p?D { dko2a’ c]t g[y’j 8k,95fxtlq’c,oj spa’L 8v[G dko2’a c]t g[’jy 8k,9f5 xtl’q 9tc8d8kj ’9kddko2’a me,tfk79n t8vh ’2’a c]t g[y’j 1kj ’8A’.9 grnvj .sh-k[95fxtlq’.og]nvj ’muwj fh2a’ c]t g[y’j lk,kf9a[xtgfaole7ao c]t ;yg7kt;y9kog]vnj ’8kj ’M ];,ma’lk,kf4kj pmvfg]nvj ’muwj fh2a’ c]t g[y’j .shz6hvnoj g0Qk.9wfhD { dko2a’ c]t dkog[’yj lgnj rvnj 9a[.97;k,le7aoc,oj spa’L 8v[G dko2a’ c]t dkog[y’j lngj rnvj 9a[.97;k,le7aogxaodko2a’ c]t g[y’j grnvj .sh-k[ ;kj lyj’muwj fhg[y’j c]t 2a’oAog;Qkg4y’spa’ s^n .zF gIafspa’F 16.j lF oAogv’D ly’j le7aod=7n7;oI6h;ymu 9a[.97;k,le7ao9kddko2a’ c]t dkog[’yj l.nj sh4nd8hv’D { ;ymu2a’ c]t g[y’j grnvj 9a[.97;k,le7ao7;ogIafco;.fL 8v[G ;ymu2a’ c]t g[y’j grnvj 9a[.97;k,le7ao 7;oxt8y[affa’j 8+wxoUG { 2’a g]vjn ’.s9h oq 9[q 7n rtpkpk,me7;k,g0kQ .9 c]t 9[a .97;k,le7oa 0v’g]vjn ’gxoa 8voM s^n ]kp]tvPf8kj ’M ;kj gxaog]nvj ’dPj ;da[spa’F .zF gIafspa’F 16.j lF g,nvj .f c]t gxao1kj ’.fD 114

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#D lvodvovjko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { dkolvodPj ;da[dvovkj o ly’j mu7j ;o.shoadIPo9n,j uf’aj oUG T dvovkj oc,oj dvole]a[vkj oD T dvovkj o[qf|b’j M 9tlAo s^n pk;[+wfh9edafD { 7v6 kj o[fq dvo8;q 1kj ’ .ox,B c[[IPo.soh da IPo2’a sn^ vkf9t.soh da IPovkj oF g,vjn oda IPo vkj o\\fq c];h F 7v6 kfg;kQ goNv.o0v’dvovkj o8;q 1kj ’ooA .soh da IPo2’a D $D lvodvolezafmhkp { 760Podvolezafmhkp9eo;o|b’j .ldj tfko c]h;vtmy[kp]adltot c]t dkooe.-h .soh da IPog0kQ .9D { .shoadIPovkj odvo8q;1kj ’.oxB,c[[IPo g-y’j vkf9t.shvkj oz6h]t[qf c]h;.sh]v’cx goNv.odvo[fq ooA ;kj co;.f c]t 4kh oda IPocx[+wf7h 96 egxoa wfch x.soh da IPog0kQ .9D { 7v6 tmy[kpdvolezfa mkh p.soh da IPog0kQ .9F 9kdooA .soh da IPovkj odvolezfa mkh p0=h # 8;q 1kj ’mulv’.oxB,c[[IPo c];h 7c6 x7;k,\\kp.soh da IPog0kQ .9D { .shoadIPola’gdf7;k,c8d8kj ’]ts;kj ’dvovkj oda[dvolezafmhkp &D cotoedkocdh;Pd[hko !D .o[qfdvoxtdv[,u ) 8voF $ ;ad c]t @ g2Nv’D VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { dkolqomtok0v’oadD d;fzqo’ko9kdG { dkoc8’j dvo0v’oadIPo Xc8’j 4nds^ad[=L .-h7e4nd8k,7;k,\\kp[=L? { dkogIaf;Pd X8k,76,v[\\kp? da[shv’0v’oadIPo XoadIPoI6h9addvovkj oF dvole zafmhkpL? { dkogIfa ;Pd[kh o 0v’oda IPo XoadIPogIfa 7q[m5d7qo[=L zqo0v’,aogxoa co;.f? 142

[qfvjkogrju, xtmko wdlvo rq,;ysko mujclog7qk]q[Iadpa’16j8ts^vfdko 3fpG fi mv’7e vvj o,toulvo xtmkowdlvo 7nc,0j v’ otmu.sp]j e0v’ ws^]vj ’]oy ]’q l’q vk[cfofoy roN [.+ szh on gzkq cs’h ]tgsupskpsy;svf g7nvdvfd;,,to5fw;h 1.6j ovvh ,voj5 c0o clo\\ojn roa rnfw,h ,;o\\lj6 fa lk xkxPj o;’a g;ou dtcl -;j ’-u’ltcs;’g8Ao -u;tokokg-Nv c-’-,5 -,q -vj o ,v[-u;yfponj .sh f;’.9 <0v’< voj5 gvvN ltvvov,h5 3v[4t|v, cmch ];h c,0j v’Ida I+8,h5 -,5 r;ds^kogso^a gxoa f’ja 3]sfy .o Ikj ’7’u xt7v’]Ph ’ xt-k-oq s^kp]kh o ]’q ]vpdoy vk[ 8k[-;qj fyo-;qj 2hk 0v’[+]kg]ydcsh’ [+pv,c]h’cs^’.9 fvdok xtmko7nf’ja 2kh lf5 pkj opk;wd ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ p’yj .sp-j q’rt]a’9yf d’qj 8tdkod;,v5,h 3v[dvfgfvn o8kg;oa rvh , 4t|v,mk’.shmP;mvj ’ f;’fk;s^kp\\onj -hv’ .llvj ’s^kp\\onj ]hko xtlkolhk’l’qj cl’ xtmko7gn fvn ogr’a gzoja 2kh [+,]u kj ]klu \\fq ]k88u P,]d5 8ojn ,kpk,g-kQ vkmyfIoj5 Mc9’h vt]o5 .lcl’I’j5 g,d,kj o,’j5 \\oja ,;Q d=,kp,kh ’skj ’]k /6’laflk,to5frhv, rtov,xkj fq’fvo md5 [vj o[’b [;,g]dy Ivj ’Ig6 s;c]’h cd’h 3doj c--’Q -oq I;,IP;d;yj my;mafmk,m’qj sphk 00= k[,k\\o6 \\oQ ltcs;’-Qo]aflt\\u g4y’mkj o]k3]doU |u9kd9vowx l;j o9yf.97;k,fu I’5j [+,u;ao,h;p zoq ’ko’k,l’6 -oA o]y oa 7’q 7P’-kf ;y]tdeltvkfgvh xtfa[.9xtgmfw;h .lc9h’8ts^vfdko cmhokK X7af9kd|a’lnry,;P’9ao.\\j @ mao;kj @WW_? 143

@ mao;k,tskw- 3fpG -kpcfo.8h #$ xudhk;|hk py’j .sp,j tskw- @ mao;klqf.l lts’kj ’k,g’kq c9’h dkolkh ’cx’g,vn ’[kh o lu;yw]dkh ;gfoja xko8kg;oa I’j5 c9’h pk,g-kQ lvj ’.l rad c]t ]afd=wfh dkh cdoj dkooe ,uco;mk’gxoa me lvj ’.l9tc9h’ de]’a cI’3I,g8kQ lk,da 7ou vh ’ruj ,9u fy .9Ida \\oA g,vn ’[kh ocs’j 8oq gvdt]kfgvdvkh ’ dPf8py fq ]wn d 7oq m;jq .o3]dk -kj ]nf’a dvh ’ -kf.fMd=p=pvh ’ -,q g-upf’a lt|oja ]k;Ida loa 8ry k[cmh lt|d5 lkh ’d+cx’ ,uco;mk’lts;kj ’c9h’ xt86xvj ’cx;w0 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ gxufd;kh ’.oco;mk’ m,uj ad;k’]q’w;h ,du fq \\kpxdq xvh ’ dkoxdq 7v’xtgmf-kf veokf]fa cddj hk xt-kg-Nv-onj -q, #$ xu.spdj kh ; dkh cdoj de]’a m’a ;Pd’koxdq xda c]t ;Pd’kolaolhk’ oa[,N;aomt;udhk; lu;yw]3ffgfoja gsoa cd8j klts;kj ’c9’h fP;oU8kj ’c8sj ^’a 8qd,k.o]ts;kj ’oU @WW_ gfaoj raf]nok, xtgmf]k;gxoa lt|k, c0’j d]y kf’a dvh ’ ]t7’a mv’f’a 0Bo .s3h ]dkg0kQ I;, -gu d,]k;oda l6h -,y kg8kQ 1]j6 k; lgh6 rvjn 7;k,Ida \\oA ,yf8trk[loa 8yld5 lgh6 rvnj 7;k,d,q dP; |Pj ;roa |da c|oh sk^ pclo7oq -3y I,g8kQ fyo]k;dvh ’lt|oja ot7vos;^ ’;P’9oa gxoa [vj og8kQ -,5 grvN o\\lj6 tskp 144

w--totgmvnj oU 7oq ]k;I;,3I,rt]’a ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ l-h6 gu d,dkod]y k .o7A’mu @& md5 7oq sk0v’8vh o dkod]y kp’jy .spj gxoa 0v’0;oa ,v[.sh @ mao;koAofa’j fP; 0v’gdkjq ]k;gIkq xtgroIu fu g7kQ .s3h ]dgsoa 9tc9’h .shgvqk,k3-ltcf’ co;.f.omhv’4oyj vkskodoy cd’dvh p ,k3-.s3h ]dgsoa dkoo’j5 4mn d5 -oY ,yflk-u[co;[+fu I;j ,lk,da 7ug8kQ 1kj .sh,ugsfIhkp ltg|skpY,cph,.lj .smh d5 7oq ,u.9 gsoa c];h .s-h ojn .9 ,uw,8u7eg;Qk IP,0=v;prvow- c0dmk’wdwm8kj ’fkh ; ]fa 4t[korP’rvh , g83-dkh ;gfoja .o;k]t3vdkfoU xt-kg-vN I,jq g1oa cfdj kooe0v’rda Ihvp0;[rao;aflk 0=.sh,uw-dhk f’ja fk;cfo2hk gxoa I,jq 3rczdj ;kh ’ 3]7kgsou skj ’ c0’dhk8ts^vfwx oAomhvoK vkp50=.shwfh ;oa otdkppk.l l05 t,uld5 ]oQ rt]tdkpg0vjn og0a, X7af9kd|a’lnry,;P’9ao.\\j @ mao;k @WW_? l5d0uxu.\\j 3fpG rD r;’lt[k f;’oU-n;j kj f;’fvdw,h 9exkg[’ja [kolu ,uma’9u96,sv, fvd0tpv,sv,gvQk 0;[g,vjn g,lkg0kQ l’a 0kogokq x.u \\j xtgrou;kj w;h [6IkodUgdkjq xt4q, [+]n,c]h; rtw8 { ly’j ladlyf IP,0=d,Q dk[ws;h pkj o3]dkd;kh ’ lt4yf.or6,lt4ko 4t|v,rvocr’l’jq rvh ,r+kr;’,kw]ovh , ]k;oU9’qj -ojn [ko .shm;qj 0q’g0ffhk; 145

0=.smh koj zoh6 em;jq 4;h o pon p’jy gmp]t7k ma’xt-k-qo]k; gzkjq roa r’q rvh ’ md5 d,q dv’dt-;’.sh lu;yw][oA .\\j wx8k,mk’rda -U mt;ulhk’lq’j glu, -v[c]h; 9’qj ,u3-dw--tot g],ju c8xj .u \\oj U m-uj v[memk’dhk; xk4t|kco;.f 79n oa gr’a roQ r’j5 0=9’qj c;;;k;0Bo 1kj ,k.ddh Pj ;dkj p -;nj kj 7;k,pkdsp5h’ m;jq md5 mkj om’a s^kp 3]dwr1kj rkorh= 0=v;prvoxtgluf.sh lk,da 7umd5 grfgzkjq ]k;gfu md5 m’a dkpm’a .9 gr’y gxkQ 1kj gdkjq lu mkj ogvpu D 0=.slh d5 0ulkh ’ g9kQ -;j p0vh p{0vh p-;j pg9kQ X7af9kd;aootlyo lt[kpfuxu.\\]j k; @$$W g,lk !__(? Iad7;k,lk,ad7u ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ Iad Iadsv,Iadw;h 3fpG fiD mv’7e vvj o,toulvo ,us;q .99y’Ida ;k9k s5,gsaopY, Ida s+lk,da 7u grvjn crrj oa zd6 \\oA I;j ,cI’3I,8,h5 laf9a’9y’ [+ 0ko0vf ,yf8trk[dhk; [yc[’j xaoxvj o.sh .9d;hk’dPj ;xtlko Ida I;j ,cI’3I,.9 [d+ ;q gdvn ddko|da .z4dn wrrk[r=h 9vfg9nv[+9k’wfh ppN ojn ,on [a ]kh o m=]t,ko0,q 0onj 0kolP’fP;-;j p-;kh o 0t[;os,h5 s+[+c|’ cl’gvup .o3]doU ,u,kdclocl’ c8[j +7n cl’.l cs’j lk,ad7uwfh w2Iad lk,ad7uoU lcu l’gIvn ’I’j5 r’5j xtdkp dkf2hk otrkd;kh ’d;kj md5 cl’ 146


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