Maxim Grammar Book 3_Sunil_2075_final

REVISED AND ENLARGED MA IM OF ENanGdLCISoHmGpRoAsiMtiMonAR A Basic Skills Course in English Grammar and Composition 3Book Editor/writers D N Mukhiya Sarah Matchett Anand Arora

Published by: TU Road, Kuleshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: 4672071, 5187211, 5187226 Fax: 00977-1-4672073 e-mail: [email protected] www.readmorenp.com © Copyright, Publisher 2073 BS First Edition : 2066 BS Revised and Enlarged : 2072 BS Reprint : 2073 BS Reprint : 2074 BS Revised and Enlarged : 2075 BS Readmore always welcomes constructive suggestions regarding its textbooks. Layout: Readmore Desktop Printed in Nepal You can exchange our textbooks from your nearest book distributor if any technical errors are found. Read to help others read! We are pleased to inform that a certain amount from each book is allocated to the Readmore Charity Fund. The fund is provided to the deserving and needy students all over Nepal. The charity always welcomes co-operation and support from all well wishers and agencies.

Preface First Edition 2066 BS MA IM of English Grammar and Composition has been designed to give students systematic guidance on grammatical concepts and various functional contexts following the appropriateness of both inductive and deductive approaches. The series has sound coverage of all grammar topics, supported by grammar notes, language notes, vocabulary activities, writing composition skills and reading comprehension techniques for developing the four skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing) of the English language. The grammatical activities in the series represent a blend of both functional and traditional approaches of teaching English grammar. The activities based on functional grammar are meant to improve communicative competence of students by showing them how texts work in real life situations and how grammar works in the context of different text types. On the other hand, traditional approach to English grammar serves to provide students with the terminology and rules needed to talk about grammar; and help them deal with the terms and typical questions of grammar in various English language tests. The exercises are designed to help students understand grammatical concepts in functional context reinforcing the learning of English in the classroom. Many of the exercises incorporate learner-centered activities that include various learning materials and help students get ample practice in applying grammatical concepts in real-life oral and written English. We are really grateful to all the teachers and students of government and private schools who helped us in piloting the series. We feel privileged to extend our sincere thanks to the publisher who thought of publishing this series, and more importantly we are thankful to D N Mukhiya, who revised and edited the series in accordance with the English curriculum of Nepal, following a new approach to the teaching of current English usage. Any constructive suggestions for the betterment of the series will always be welcomed. Authors Revised and Enlarged Edition 2075 BS We are pleased to publish the revised and enlarged edition of the Maxim of English Grammar and Composition series (Revised and Enlarged). The series has long been one of the best and most representative of all English Grammar books in Nepal, and has continually been enjoyed by English teachers, students and parents since its original publication in 2066 BS. This new edition selectively excludes and includes grammar topics and exercises, makes necessary corrections, and adds colourful illustrations to make the series more classroom friendly and purposeful. We acknowledge with appreciation the assistance of all the teachers and experts who have given their valuable suggestions for the revision of the series. D N Mukhiya

Contents 1 Alphabet...................................7 2 Nouns.....................................18 3 A, AN......................................29 4 Plurals.....................................32 5 Countable and Uncountable......37 6 The..........................................40 7 No Article..................................42 Vocabulary Practice.................................45 Grammar in Context.................................47 Guided Composition.................................48 8 Pronouns..................................49 9 Pronouns II...............................55 10 Self Forms.................................58 11 Possessives...............................60 12 There........................................62 Vocabulary Practice..................................64 Grammar in Context..................................66 Guided Composition..................................68 13 Is, Am, Are................................69

Contents 14 Was, Were...................................74 15 Has, Have....................................77 16 Isn’t, Aren’t..................................79 17 Yes/No Questions..........................83 Vocabulary Practice........................................86 Grammar in Context........................................87 Guided Composition........................................88 18 Adjectives.....................................89 19 Comparison...................................95 Vocabulary Practice........................................99 Grammar in Context......................................100 Guided Composition......................................102 20 WH Questions..............................103 21 Present Continuous......................105 22 Simple Present.............................110 23 Present Continuous-Questions......114 24 Simple Past..................................116 Vocabulary Practice.......................................119 Grammar in Context......................................121 Guided Composition......................................122 25 Prepositions..................................123 26 Conjunctions.................................132 Vocabulary Practice......................................136 Grammar in Context......................................141 Guided Composition......................................143

Name: ................................................................. Class: .................................. Section: ............... School: ................................................................ Phone: ................................................................. Address: ..............................................................

1 Alphabet Vowels and consonants Circle the vowel letters. small a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Underline the consonant letters. CAPITAL A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z The English alphabet has 26 letters, starting with a and ending with z. There are five vowels and the other letters are consonants. The English alphabet letters have two forms - capital and small. capital letters or uppercase ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ small letters or lowercase abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 7

Listening Practice: Repeat these letters after your teacher. A B C D E F GdZI : HeItS aI I J eI] bi:] si:] di:] i: ef dZeI K L M N O P Q R S T keI el em en Eu pi:] kju:] a:] es] ti: U V W X Y Z yu:] vi:] dúbElju: eks] waI] zed Writing Practice: Practise writing the letters in four lines. Write the letters that have the same capital and small forms. Write the letters that have different capital and small forms. Write five vowel letters. Write consonant letters. Giraffe letters b d f h k l t Monkey letters g j p q y Tortoise letters a c e I m n o r s u v w x z Giraffe letters reach up tall. Monkey letters have tails. Tortoise letters stay low down. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 8

Vocabulary Practice: Write two words for each letter. VOWELS Spelling Practice: Complete the words with a angry, ant vowel letters. e i o u BK CONSONANTS P NC L ST D NT b book, bed c T CH R d f SCH L g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 9

Spelling Practice: Complete the words with consonant letters. O AI E AE I ER O EY EA O EY EE AT Vocabulary Practice: Add words to the list. animal Starting with vowel letters Starting with consonant letters owl, bull, vehicle ambulance, car, job astronaut, baker, relation word uncle, brother, Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 10

Vocabulary Practice: Read the examples and group the following words. Examples Find the words from the list. Any four words angry scream script that start with clever crease dream scrawl dry scroll different letters. greedy honest scramble Any four words dip deserve scribe that have the desk drum break first letters same duck brush carry creak doll carrier breach brave Any four words try that have the tree bread creature first two letters trim breath cream same truck scratch Any four words head scrabble drear drag drill that have the heap first three letters heal desert carrot bright broom same heater bream Any four words scram deserving carrier that have the scrap first four letters scrawl same scratch Now work in groups and write some other words. Any four words that start with different letters. Any four words that have the first letters same Any four words that have the first two letters same Any four words that have the first three letters same Any four words that have the first four letters same Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 11

Alphabetical Order The letters of the English alphabet are written in order. It is called ABC order or alphabetical order. The letters of the English alphabet start with a and end with z. Words in a dictionary are arranged in alphabetical order. It helps readers to find words easily. How to arrange words in alphabetical order? If all the words start with If the first letter of each word is same, arrange the words different letters, arrange the according to the order of the second letters. words according to the order bag give of the first letters. bet glad broom got bag man bull grow duck pot fan rose goat sun If the first two letters of each If the first three letters of each word are same, arrange the word are same, arrange the words according to the order words according to the order of the third letters. of the fourth letters. dad drive flag giraffe dame drove flame gird dart drunk flat girl date dry flash girt If the first four letters of each word are same, arrange the words according to the order of the fifth letters. breach divide bread divine break divisible bream Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 12

Grammar Practice: Circle the word that is first alphabetically in each row. n s f g d a h l k s b n o n v t u y n t d s o e p s z y p d o Grammar Practice: Arrange the letters alphabetically. ad b at c g s a z q b e c g f c t u o b f d x u swv t j wr Grammar Practice: Write a word for each letter and arrange them alphabetically. ac d e b ak bw s tv np Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 13

Grammar Practice: Tick (ü) the boxes in which the words are arranged alphabetically. brave book boy uncle clever pen girl brother funny doll man sister honest eraser woman ruler aunt mother cap kiwi cock cup shirt papaya eagle spoon hat mango parrot shoes banana sparrow fork tie apple hen stove grapes glass plate dog bank aeroplane come elephant office bus go park car help ant library kick tiger hotel helicopter zebra rickshaw move bull run ship Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 14

Grammar Practice: Put each word set in alphabetical order. bike .................. window .................. best .................. white .................. bad .................. west .................. crayon .................. game .................. cookie .................. groom .................. corner .................. green .................. pull .................... nice .................... promise .................... neat .................... pet .................... net .................... pencil .................... desk .................... picture .................... dark .................... paint .................... doll .................... January March speak .................... April September sick .................... .................. .................. sock .................... .................. .................. bread milk flag ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. hat cheese pot ................. ................. ................. salt proud Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 15

Grammar Practice: Arrange the following words alphabetically. According to the first letter. a. radish cabbage pumpkin brinjal cucumber ......................................................................................................... b. eyes hair nose tongue mouth head ......................................................................................................... c. bank school church temple park library ......................................................................................................... According to the second letter. a. brave bat bun boom black bed ......................................................................................................... b. hot head hut honest his ......................................................................................................... c. mark meaning munch mile my ......................................................................................................... According to the third letter. a. groom grade great grunt grid ......................................................................................................... b. blank blink blur blood blend ......................................................................................................... c. cry cream crust crab crib ......................................................................................................... According to the fourth letter. a. scale scam scan scare scat ......................................................................................................... b. scold scone scoop score scout ......................................................................................................... Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 16

According to the fifth letter. a. scarf scarecrow scarlet ......................................................................................................... b. squall square squash squirt ......................................................................................................... c. plumber plume plummet plump ......................................................................................................... Grammar Practice: Arrange the following words in each box in alphabetical order. noun verbs teacher .............. adverbs sleep ............. pronouns doctor .............. well ............ go ............. we .......... engineer .............. slowly ............ sing ............. you .......... nurse .............. fast ............ help ............. he .......... quickly ............ dance ............. she .......... early ............ drink ............. it .......... adjectives interjections they .......... bright ................ wow .............. angry ................ alas .............. conjunctions sad ................ oh .............. and .............. beautiful ................ ouch .............. but .............. clever ................ hurray .............. so .............. or .............. prepositions for .............. to .............. under .............. because .............. in .............. below .............. although .............. at .............. among .............. as .............. between .............. beside .............. since .............. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 17

2 Nouns Read and underline the nouns. I am Atul. I am from Pokhara. I am a student of Grade three. I study in Pokhara Academy. Pokhara is a beautiful city. Many tourists come to Nepal to visit this city. Lake Phewa, Mahendra Cave and David Falls lie in Pokhara. I live in Pokhara with my family. My father runs a grocery. My mother is a housewife. I have a brother, Binod, and a sister, Sony. I have a dog and a cat. They are good pets. My dog’s name is Jack and my cat’s name is Bingo. Work in pairs and complete the table. Write the words from the above text. people places things animals The words Atul, Pokhara, Nepal, father, sister, brother, dog, milk, cat, etc are naming words. They are called nouns. A noun is the name of a person, place, animal or thing. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 18

Look at these words again. things people Noun places Atul It is the name of a person. animals Pokhara It is the name of a place. milk It is the name of a thing. dog It is the name of an animal. cat It is the name of an animal. Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. People: Atul, Sony, Tina, Rahul, brother, mother, farmer, student, teacher, boy, uncle. Places: Pokhara, Janakpur, Rajbiraj, Surkhet, Bhojpur, Kathmandu, Dharan, Nepal, India, village. Things: milk, biscuits, bread, book, pen, pencil, chair, desk, water, bag, knife, dolls, watch, lamp. Animals: cock, bull, parrot, frog, tiger, lion, dog, snake, mosquito, ostrich, cow, peacock. Grammar Practice: Underline the nouns in the following story. One day Jimmy finds a story book about a giant frog. He falls asleep while reading. Then he begins to dream. In his dream, he sees a giant frog. The frog lives near the lake. It drinks a jug of water and becomes fat. It then drinks a tank of water and becomes fatter. It then drinks a lake of water. It becomes much fatter and stronger. It then drinks a pond of water. It becomes fatter and fatter and stronger. The frog comes to Jimmy. It offers him a ride on its back. Jimmy sees many beautiful places. He sees a lake, a pond, a garden, a temple, a forest, a shop, a park and many more. He also sees a lot of people. He sees some players playing football on the playground. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 19

He sees some students standing in assembly. He sees some farmers working in the field. He also sees some women planting trees. He also sees cows, bulls, parrots, crows, and many other birds. Just then Jimmy’s mother wakes him up. Now put the underlined nouns in the right rows. Add some words to the list. people places things animals Now compare your list with your partner’s. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 20

Grammar Study: Proper Nouns Paras is a cricket player. Neymar is a football player. He is from Nepal. He is from Brazil. Serena is a tennis player. Kobe Bryant is a basketball player. She is from America. He is from America. The nouns Paras, Neymar, Serena, Kobe, etc are naming words. They are called proper nouns. Special names of people and places are called proper nouns. They always begin with a capital letter. These people’s names are proper nouns. Robin Hood Mom Miss Rai Rajesh Hamal Dad Kunal Washington Granny Harry Potter David Beckham Grandad Dr. Sagun Santa Claus Uncle Suman Professor Rai Mahatma Gandhi Nelson Mandela Aunt Pooja Mina Gautam Buddha Florence Nightingale Cinderella George Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 21

The names of days and months are proper nouns. days months Sunday January July Monday February August Tuesday March September Wednesday April October Thursday May November Friday June December Saturday Grammar Study: Common nouns Sabina is a good girl. She lives in Kathmandu. Kathmandu is the capital city of Nepal. Nepal is a beautiful country. Sabina has a dog. Her dog’s name is Boxer. Sabina has a brother. His name is Anup. Anup lives with his uncle in Pokhara. In the above sentences, ‘girl’, ‘city’, ‘country’, ‘dog’ are common nouns. A common noun is a common name of a person, place or thing. These common nouns are words for people who do certain things. singer manager sailor gardener dancer secretary pilot police officer artist teacher driver plumber photographer doctor writer farmer magician dentist friend clerk athlete lawyer brother technician Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 22

Read the list of common and proper nouns. Common Proper Common Proper boy Pemba country Nepal girl Rosy mountain Everest man Mohan school Gyan Niketan woman Goma river Koshi cousin Deepa dog Lucky nurse Maya cat Kitty singer Rohan parrot Mithu teacher Anita bike Honda city Dharan day Sunday village Buddha Nagar month June Writing Practice: Write special names for the following common names. a girl .......................................... a boy .......................................... a day .......................................... a month .......................................... a festival .......................................... a singer .......................................... an actor .......................................... a cricketer .......................................... a river .......................................... a bike .......................................... a dog .......................................... a rabbit .......................................... a village .......................................... a district .......................................... a zone .......................................... a city .......................................... a country .......................................... Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 23

Grammar Practice: Show which words need to be capitalized. Example: I went to lumbini last august. I went to Lumbini last August. a. binod had a birthday party on friday. .......................................................................................................... b. The zoo has a rhino named boxer. .......................................................................................................... c. It is very hot in birgunj during the month of june. .......................................................................................................... d. mina and sony are twin sisters. .......................................................................................................... e. I went to milan park last saturday. .......................................................................................................... f. My family enjoyed our trip to dharan. .......................................................................................................... g. dashain and tihar are my favourite holidays. .......................................................................................................... Speaking Practice: Ask and answer. b a What is his name? Where is he from? David Rahul America India c de Akihiro Pemba Chang Japan Nepal China Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 24

Speaking Practice: Can you name these famous structures? Where are these famous structures located? Great Wall ............................................ China Nepal Potala Palace ............................................ Paris Tibet Swayambhunath ............................................ Eiffel Tower ............................................ Writing Practice: Fill in correct naming words. A………….............treats patients. He works in a hospital. A………….............teaches students. He works in a school. A………….............takes photos. He works in a studio. A………….............cuts hair. He works in a salon. A………….............bakes cakes. He works in a bakery. A………….............repairs cars. He works in a workshop. baker barber teacher photographer mechanic doctor Now put the naming words from the above sentences in the right columns. People Places doctor hospital Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 25

Vocabulary Practice: Fill in the blanks. a. A …………...... is a place where we can read a lot of books. b. A …………...... is a place where we can eat delicious food. c. A …………...... is a place where we can buy a lot of things. d. A …………...... is a shop where we can buy medicine. e. A …………......’s is a shop that sells food and other goods. Now put the naming words from the above sentences in the right columns. Things/Animals Places restaurant library animals/birds library pharmacy grocer market Speaking Practice: Ask and answer these questions with your friends. What is this? or What are these? Where can you buy it? or Where can you buy them? c ab d e i g fh pan pen ring ball glasses gloves balloon ruler eraser Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 26

Vocabulary Practice: Name any two people, two places and two things that you can see in the picture. Write the words in the correct rows. People Places Things Animals Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 27

Writing Practice: Read and write. Pasang, Nepal David, France His name is Pasang. His name is.......................... He is from Nepal. He is from.......................... Daniel, Germany Sumi, Japan His name is..................... Her name is..................... He is from...................... She is from..................... Lucy, Thailand Chang, China Her name is................. His name is..................... She is from.................. He is from.......................... Amit Bindu Dharan India Amit is ten years old. ...................is nine years old. He is from Dharan. She is from........................... Alan Kathy America London ...................is seven years old. ....................is eight years old. He is from........................... She is from........................... Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 28

3 A, An Read and underline a and an. Look at the picture. An old man is sitting under an apple tree. He has an umbrella. He is wearing a hat. He is eating an apple. A dog and a rabbit are looking at the man. A cuckoo is singing on a branch of the tree. A or AN is called article. A or AN is used to denote one or single. AN is used with words starting with vowel letters - an axe, an egg, an insect, an orange, an umbrella, an old man, an apple tree. A is used with words starting with consonant letters - a student, a book, a farmer, a sickle, a stethoscope, a dog, a cuckoo. a apple an apple an mango a mango Vowels A E I O U Consonants b c d f ghjklm n p q r s tvwxyz Read the above text and fill in a or an. ........... old man ........... hat ........... rabbit ........... apple tree ........... apple ........... cuckoo ........... umbrella ........... dog ........... branch Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 29

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. A An a bag a cat an apple an axe a dog a fan an aeroplane an ant a jug a hat an egg an engine a kite a lamp an engineer an eagle a mug a net an inkpot an insect a pig a queen an ice-cream an inspector a rabbit a ship an orange an owl a tree a van an ox an octopus a yak a zebra an umbrella an urn Look at these words. a dog an old man It’s a vowel. It’s a consonant. an engineer a teacher a man an old man a brave man an apple a red apple a green apple Grammar Practice: Fill in A or AN. ......... onion ......... balloon ......... airport ......... ball ......... inkpot ......... zebra ......... elephant ......... book ......... dog ......... eagle ......... egg ......... ant ......... snake ......... red apple ......... octopus ......... arrow ......... frog ......... good girl ......... hare ......... engineer ......... boy ......... yak ......... inspector ......... lion ......... tortoise ......... insect ......... ostrich ......... owl ......... ox ......... parrot ......... umbrella ......... pigeon Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 30

Speaking Practice: Ask and answer. Use A or AN. A : What is this? A : What is this? A : What is this? B : This is an apple. B : This is …….......……. B : This is …….......……. A : What is this? A : What is this? A : What is this? B : This is …….......……. B : This is …….......……. B : This is …….......……. Writing Practice: Fill a or an in the blank spaces. Hitesh is………painter. He has ……… son and………daughter, Amit and Nira. Amit is………boy and Nira is………girl. Amit is……… student. Nira is also……… student. Hitesh is painting………picture now. Amit is eating………apple and Nira is eating………ice-cream. Gopal is………engineer. His wife is………nurse. They live in Janakpur. They have two children, Anita and Biren. Gopal is wearing………red t-shirt. His wife is wearing ……… blue sari. Anita is wearing………frock and Biren is wearing ……..…T-shirt. They are happy. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 31

4 Plurals 4 Read and underline the plural words. This is Riya’s garden. You can see some trees and bushes. There are two apple trees and one mango tree. You can also see a lot of colorful flowers. The butterflies are flying here and there. You can also see some birds. There are some dry leaves on the ground. There are two benches. Riya is sitting on the bench. She is reading a book. There are 40 stories in the book. She is reading ‘Ali Baba and Forty Thieves’. Garden, bench, tree, book, etc are singular nouns. Trees, bushes, benches, leaves, stories, etc are plural nouns. Nouns that mean only one are singular. Nouns that mean more than one are plural. Most nouns are changed to mean more than one by adding ‘-s’ or ‘-es’. bat - bats bus - buses cap - caps bush - bushes dog - dogs watch - watches Read the sentences. She has a doll and five toys. The dog has three puppies. I have a chair and six benches. He has a pen and six pencils. Students wear uniforms. His uncle has two wives. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 32

Grammar Study: Making Plurals bus buses class classes dish dishes a Add–es to nouns ending in bench benches -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o. church churches box boxes bat bats room rooms potato potatoes ball balls dog dogs mango mangoes cock cocks map maps b Add –s to make plurals. car cars cow cows Change the -y to -ies baby babies pen pens for nouns ending in city cities c ‘consonant +y’. story stories country countries leaf leaves d Change the -f/-fe to -ives. knife knives wife wives man men child children woman women e Some irregular plurals foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice ox oxen key keys f We add –s to nouns ending toy toys in ‘vowel +y’. boy boys monkey monkeys Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 33

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. /s/ /z/ /iz/ cock – cocks dog – dogs bus – buses cat – cats ball – balls bench – benches map – maps room – rooms box – boxes Grammar Practice: Put these words under the suitable headings. umbrella balls pen onions children benches rabbit switches owl babies hens balloons houses years fan boys book tortoises ostriches box Singular Plural umbrella balls Writing Practice: Change these words into plurals. kite kites mango parrot baby year bus switch owl man child toy puppy knife sky tortoise bush doll bench rabbit house Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 34

Speaking Practice: Ask and answer. c ab f A: What is this? A: What are these? B: This is a pencil. B: These are pencils. de g hi Writing Practice: Look and write. This is a ……............... These are ……............... This is a ……............... These are ……............... This is a ……............... These are ……............... This is an ……............... These are ……............... This is a ……............... These are ……............... Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 35

Grammar Practice: Fill in the correct words. a. He has six…………………………. . (doll, dolls) b. There are seven…………………………. in a week. (day, days) c. A day has twenty four …………………………. . (hour, hours) d. A year has twelve …………………………. . (month, months) e. A chair has four …………………………. . (leg, legs) f. An elephant has a large …………………………. .(trunk, trunks) g. A clock has three …………………………. . (hands, hand) Writing Practice: Fill in the correct words from the box. 1 It is an alien. It is very strange. It has one………… and three………… . It has two thin………… . There are six …………in the hand. It has a strong ………… . It does not have a ………… . 2 It is an alien. It is very strange. It has one………… and three………… . It has two thin………… .There are four …………in each hand. It has a strong ………… . It has a ………… . 3 It is an alien. It is very strange. It has one………… and two ………… .It has four thin ………… . There are six …………in each hand. It has a strong ………… . It has a ………… . fingers, head, heads, hand, hands, legs, tail, body Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 36

5 Countableand Uncountable Read. Countable Uncountable three balls two books water ice one fork four cups milk cheese two bags five pencils curd salt These are countable nouns. These are uncountable nouns. We can count them. We cannot count them. Things that we can count are called countable nouns. Things that we cannot count are called uncountable nouns. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 37

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. Uncountable Countable water milk butter room bus cows sand salt sugar man bench lion hair ice blood ship boys girls juice oil toothpaste mangoes pens rats Grammar Study: Uncountable Nouns Uncountable nouns have no plural forms. We do not use a or an with uncountable nouns. She drinks much water. (much waters) He has got some milk. (some milks) She likes curd. (a curd) Ice melts. (An ice) Grammar Practice: Correct the following sentences. a. They eat a lot of meats. ………………………………………...........…… . b. A snow is cold. ………………………………………...........…… . c. The cow gives milks. ………………………………………...........…… . d. Give me some sugars. ………………………………………...........…… . e. They do not eat much rices. ………………………………………...........…… . Grammar Practice: Separate countable and uncountable nouns. water curd pen cap ice ink banana dog milk salt sugar bat ball crab juice pot rice mud bag bread meat cake chicken butter Countable Uncountable pen water Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 38

Writing Practice: Write down the uncountable nouns in the blank spaces. a slice of ............................ a cup of ............................ a glass of ............................ a bottle of ............................ a bowl of ............................ a piece of ............................ a jar of ............................ a loaf of ............................ a log of ............................ a piece of ............................ a piece of ............................ a spoon of ............................ wood cake bread tea sugar soap salt water chalk cheese honey juice Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 39

6 The Read. The sun rises in the east. The Ramayan is a holy book. The Nile is the longest river. Rohan is playing the guitar. Mount Everest is the highest peak of the Himalayas. We use the with some specific or definite nouns. the guitar It is a musical instrument. the highest peak There is only one. the sun There is only one. the Ramayan It is a holy book. Read these words again. the Himalayas the highest peak the east the sun the guitar the longest river Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 40

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. Rivers the Ganga, the Nile, the Koshi Single objects the sun, the moon, the sky, the world Holy books the Ramayan, the Bible, the Geeta, the Koran Superlatives the tallest, the best, the most expensive Musical instruments the guitar, the flute, the violin Ships the Titanic, the Mary Celeste Newspapers the Rising Nepal, the Kantipur, the Gorkhapatra Directions the east, the west, the north, the south Grammar Practice: Put these words in the right columns. apple guitar Bible sun ox camera tabla Kantipur umbrella east Nile inkpot Titanic orange egg bench tallest boy west doll watch A AN THE Speaking Practice: Write ‘the’ in the blank spaces and read the sentences aloud in class. a. ………………. sun rises in ………………. east. b. ………………. Ramayan is a holy book. c. ………………. Nile is ………………. longest river. d. They can play………………. guitar. e. ………………. earth is round. f. ………………. Titanic was a great ship. g. ………………. sky looks blue. h. He is ………………. tallest boy in his family. i. Do you read ………………. Kantipur? Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 41

7 No Article Read and underline the nouns. A dog is an animal. Dogs are animals. Snow is white. A girl wears a skirt. Girls wear skirts. Riya likes curd. We drink water. Rice is our main food. We do not use a or an with plural and uncountable nouns. a curd an apples a rice a dogs a snow a girls Look at these sentences again. Snow is white. A dog is an animal. Dogs are animals. It is an uncountable noun. It is a singular countable noun. It is a plural countable noun. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 42

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. uncountable singular countable plural water a book books milk an apple apples ice a bag bags rice an umbrella umbrellas Vocabulary Practice: Group these words under the proper headings. cow sugar snow tiger water girl boxes books benches sand salt hen milk apple desk ice nests bag bags fan rice umbrella inkpot butter soup singular countable plural countable uncountable Grammar Practice: Use a or an where necessary. a. They eat ……… apples and …… bananas. b. She has …… black cat. c. We drink ……milk. d. …… elephant is ….......animal. e. ………elephants are ……animals. f. …………snow is white. g. We drink ………… water everyday. h. ………salt adds taste to our food. i. He does not eat……meat. j. There are seven ……… days in a week. k. ……monkey has ………tail. l. We watch ………cartoons on TV. m. Do you drink ……milk? n. He drinks ……… juice everyday. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 43

Grammar Practice: Fill in a or an where necessary. Kabir is ……. farmer. He has ……. son and ……. daughter. His wife is ……. teacher. They live in ……. house in ……. village. They have ……. cow. It has two calves. Kabir is eating ……. banana. His son is eating ……. apple and his daughter is eating ……. orange. His wife is cooking …….food. They are hungry. Rahul is …….student. He has ……. sister. She is also ……. student. They are going to school. Rahul is carrying ……. school bag. He has ……. water bottle in his hand. He is wearing ……. t-shirt and ……. pants. His sister is holding ……. umbrella in her hand. She is wearing ……. skirt and ……. t-shirt. Gokul is ……. engineer. His wife is…….teacher. He has two …….sons. They are …….students. Gokul is wearing ……. suit and his wife is wearing……. sari. His son, Nikhil is wearing ……. jacket and ……. pair of pants and his elder son, Aryan is wearing ……. red T-shirt and ……. pair of pants. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 44

Vocabulary Practice Look and read. Nouns strainer seesaw juggler acrobat clip paper clip staples stapler marker eraser 1. Write the special names for the following common nouns. a girl .M...i.n..a...................... a dog .T.o..m...m...y................... a city ............................. a book ............................. a mountain ............................. a day ............................. a month ............................. a dancer ............................. a country ............................. a cat ............................. a film star .R..a..je..s.h...H..a..m...a..l......... a cricketer ............................. a festival ............................. a village ............................. a city ............................. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 45

2. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. Things we use A .............c.h..a..i.r.... is used to sit on. A ......................... is used to sleep on. A ......................... is used to keep money. A ......................... is used to keep water in. A .........................is used to dig the field. A ......................... is used to dry wet hair. A .........................is used to cut vegetables. A ......................... is used to drink coffee or tea. A .........................is used to drink juice or milk. A ......................... is used to brush our teeth. A ......................... is used to eat food. A ......................... is used to set our hair. jug glass bed cup spade chair knife comb spoon purse towel toothbrush Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 46

Grammar in Context Read and answer. My Family I am Mina Shrestha. I am ten years old. I live at Mangal Bazar. There are four members in my family. My father’s name is Arjun Shrestha. My mother’s name is Kalpana Shrestha. I have a small sister. She is 4 years old. Her name is Rosy Shrestha. I go to school. I study in Bright Star School. My class teacher’s name is Miss Maya Basnet. My best friend’s name is Ajuta Thapa. 1. Write down any four special names of people from the above text. 2. Answer the following questions. a. Who is ten years old? ........................................................................... b. Who is four years old? .......................................................................... c. Who is Ajuta Thapa? ............................................................................. d. Who is Kalpana Shrestha? ................................................................... e. How many members are there in Mina’s family? .................................. 3. Write a similar paragraph about your family. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 47

Guided Composition Read about Sumit. I am Sumit Adhikari. I am eight years old. I study in Grade three. I study in Kathmandu Valley Academy. There are twenty students in my class. There are eleven boys and nine girls. My best friend’s name is Ankita Shrestha. My class teacher is Miss Anjali. Now write about yourself. About Myself I am …………………............................………... I am ……….. years old. I study in ……………. My school’s name is …………………………. There are …………… students in my class. There are ………… boys and ………… girls. My best friend’s name is ………....………... My class teacher is ………………………….. Read and write. My Favourite Animal This is a dog. It has four legs, two eyes and two ears. It has one tail, one mouth and one tongue. It has a small body. This is a parrot. It has two feet, two wings and two eyes. It has a beak. It has a very small body. It has feathers on its body. ..T.h..i.s..i.s..a..c.a..t................................................................................ ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ..T.h..i.s..i.s..a..p..e.a..c.o..c.k.......................................................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 48

8 Pronouns Read the sentences and underline the pronouns. I am Anu. I am a student. I am a teacher. I am eight years old. You are a student. I am Nisha. She is Naina. We are students. He is Aryan. She is Riya. They are friends. This is a dog. It is brown. It has a bone. A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. HE, SHE, IT and I are singular. WE, YOU, THEY are plural. HE, SHE, I, WE, YOU, THEY, IT are subject pronouns. They are replacing words. Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 49

Listening Practice: Repeat these words after your teacher. I am Kumar. I study in Grade three. I am a boy. I am Numa. I study in Grade three. I am a girl. Anil is a boy. He studies in Grade three. Sony is a girl. She studies in Grade three. Anil and Sony are students. They study in Grade three. This is a dog. It is black. I am tall but you are short. We are students but they are teachers. Grammar Study: Replacing nouns with pronouns We use pronouns to replace nouns. The car is broken. The man is old. The woman is pretty. It is broken. He is old. She is pretty. Anu and Ali are students. The dog is running. The book is nice. They are students. It is running. It is nice. he singular boy or man she singular girl or woman it singular animal or thing or place they plural nouns Maxim of English Grammar and Composition Book Three 50