Body Systems Flipbook

Body Systems Flipbook Cassidy Hoernemann, 4B, Pickett

1. Melanin: The pigment found in skin and 1. Basal Cell Carcinoma: A type of skin hair (Example: Blonde Hair) Integumentary System cancer that starts off in the basal cells. This is the most common type of skin 2. Keratin: A protein found in skin, hair, and nails. cancer, usually caused by the UV rays 3. Epidermis: Top layer of skin The integumentary system is the first from the sun. 4. Dermis: Middle layer of skin(contains line of defense for the body. The 2. Ichthyosis: A group of skin disorders that glands, nerves, and blood vessels) integumentary system protects from are recognizable by the dry, scaly, or 5. Sebaceous gland: another name for oil radiation damage, infection, abrasion, thick skin. This is caused by a genetic gland and many other things. mutation inherited from 1 of the parents. 6. Sudoriferous gland: another name for 3. Psoriasis: Skin cells building up, sweat gland causing scales and a itchy dry patch. 7. Strata: Anatomical term that means layers Causes can vary from weather, injury, or 8. Eccrine Sweat Gland: Sweat gland with infection. 4. Melanoma: A type of skin cancer, duct to skin’s surface happens when pigment-producing cells 9. Apocrine Sweat Gland: Sweat gland that that gives color to the skin become cancerous. This type of skin cancer can surrounds a hair follicle 10. Hair Shaft: Hair above the skin occur anywhere on the body. 1. pil/o: hair Fun Fact: You shed 40 pounds of skin in a lifetime. 1. Dermatologist: Doctors who specialize in conditions involving the skin, hair, or 2. derm/o/ -derma/ -dermis: skin nails. They can diagnose and treat a large variety of conditions. An example 3. carcin/o: cancerous, cancer is eczema. 4. xer/o: Dry 2. Esthetician(Medical): Also known as a 5. xanth/o: Yellow skincare specialist. They mainly help 6. onych/o: Fingernail, toenail patients learn how to take care of their 7. myc/o: Fungus skin, while undergoing treatments for a 8. albin/o: White variety of diseases and conditions. 9. rhytid/o: wrinkle 10. kerat/o: hard

1. Skeletal Muscle: A voluntary muscles that 1. Tendinitis: The tissue is attached to the bone and allows to body to move Musculoskeletal System connecting muscle to bone becomes inflamed. 2. Smooth Muscle: Involuntary tissue that is the muscles located in internal organs The musculoskeletal systems helps the 2. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A body move, protects the organs, stores numbness and tingling 3. Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle tissue minerals and fats, homateoposis. sensation in the hand and arm, that is located in the heart which is caused by a pinched 4. Tendons: Connective tissue that holds nerve in the wrist. muscle to bone 3. Fibromyalgia: This is 5. Ligament: Connective tissue that holds bone to bone widespread muscle pain and 6. Contraction: A change in muscle that tenderness. This also can have causes the muscle to be thicker and shorter varying symptoms. 7. Striated: Banded or striped 4. Rheumatoid arthritis: A long 8. Cartilage: Connective tissue found in joints term autoimmune disorder that between bones 9. Osseous tissue: Another name for bone causes pain to your joint. The tissue pain is caused through 10. Meniscus: crescent-shaped antibodies attacking tissue that fibrocartilaginous anatomical structure that only partly separates the joint cavity is surrounding said joint. 1. my/o: Muscle 1. Physical Therapist: Help patients 2. myel/o: spinal cord; bone marrow 3. Arthr/o: joint with a treatment plan to improve 4. chondr/o: cartilage 5. cost/o: rib their ability to move, reduce or 6. crani/o: skull 7. oste/o: bone manage pain, restore function, 8. -plegia: paralysis 9. -pexy: surgical fixation Fun Fact: There are 26 bones in your foot and 27 in and prevent disability. 10. kinesi/o: movement your hand. 2. Orthopaedic: Medical specialty that focuses on injuries and diseases of your body’s musculoskeletal system.

1. Sensory/Afferent: Nerve fibers the send Nervous System 1. Cerebral Palsy: It is an abnormal brain impulses to the central nervous development, that often occurs before system(CNS) The nervous system is in charge of birth. It can affect movement, muscle tone, sensory input, information processing, and posture. 2. Motor/Efferent: Transmits impulses from and motor output. the CNS to the effector organs 2. Parkinson’s Disease: A disorder in the CNS that affects that affects movement, 3. Sympathetic: Thoracic and parts of the often causing tremors. This is caused by lumbar part of the spinal cord, that nerve cell damage in the brain. mobilizes body during activity 3. Epilepsy: A disorder in which nerve cell 4. Parasympathetic: Cranial and sacral area, activity is disturbed. conserves energy and promotes housekeeping functions during rest 4. Neurofibromatosis: A genetic neurological disorder that can affect the skin, brain, 5. Neuron: Structural units in the nervous nerves, and spinal cord. It causes tumors system or neurofibromas to grow along/on nerves or underneath the skin. 6. Axon: Impulse generating and conducting region 1. Neurosurgeon: They diagnose, assess, and treat(surgery) disorders in the nervous 7. Somatic nervous system: Section of the 2. system. nervous system that controls voluntary Neurologist: A medical doctor that studies, actions Fun Fact: There are more nerve cells in the human diagnoses, treats(not surgery), and brain than the stars in the milky way. manages (diseases, disorders, injuries) the 8. Autonomic nervous system: Section of the nervous system. nervous system that controls involuntary actions 9. Motor Neuron: Type of neuron that sends impulses to muscles in the response to the stimuli 10. Neurotransmitter: Chemical signals between the synapse and neurons 1. neur/o: nerve 2. encephal/o: brain 3. -esthesia: sensation, feeling 4. concuss/o: shaken together 5. ambul/o: walking 6. psych/o: mind 7. mening/o: membranes 8. myel/o: spinal cord; bone marrow 9. Quadri- :four 10. radicul/o: nerve root

1. Tympanic Membrane: Eardrum Special Senses 1. Myopia: Also known as 2. Photoreceptors: Cells that detect light waves nearsightedness condition that is 3. Mitral Cell: Sends signals to brain in the The overall function of the Special sense usually genetic. Though it can is touch, smell, sight, hearing, and taste. lead to blindness. olfaction area 4. Transduction: Sensory cells translating 2. Ptosis: An abnormal low-lying or drooping upper eyelid. chemical, electromagnetic, and mechanical stimuli into action potentials that our nervous 3. Glaucoma: A group of eye system can make sense of conditions that cause blindness. 5. Fibrous Layer: Outermost layer of the eyeball 4. Nystagmus: Involuntary eye 6. Lysozyme: Enzyme that destroys bacteria movement and may cause blurry 7. Ciliary Glands: Modified sweat glands that vision. lie between the eyelashes 8. Papillae: Small elevations on the tongue and 1. Retina specialist: A medical roof of mouth, that contains taste buds doctor that specializes in 9. Crista ampullaris: specialized receptors that ophthalmology and detect head movements subspecializes in diseases and 10. Tectorial membrane: membrane located surgery of the vitreous body of above the basilar membrane the eye and the retina. 1. irid/o: Iris 2. Audiologist: A medical doctor that 2. -cusis: hearing treats many hearing, balance, 3. -opia: defects in vision tinnitus, and other auditory 4. ot/o: ear disorders. 5. tympan/o: eardrum 6. opthalm/o: eye 7. -metry: measuring 8. corne/o: cornea 9. dacry/o: tear duct 10. gloss/o: tongue Fun Fact: Everything would look 2D to a person with 1 eye.

1. Arteries: Large blood vessels that carry 1. Atherosclerosis: Plaque of fatty blood away from the heart material that builds up in the arteries. Cardiovascular System2. Capillaries: Tiny vessels that connect the 2. Peripheral artery disease: arterioles and venules Narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs. 3. Arterioles: Smaller branches of the The overall function is to maintain blood flow to arteries all of the body parts. 3. Ischemia: This is reduced blood flow. 4. Venules: Small vessels that gather blood 4. Myocardial infarction: Also known from the capillaries and brings it into the by its more common term a heart attack. veins 5. Valves: Prevents backflow of blood in the veins 6. Aorta: Largest single artery 7. Carotid Artery: Supplies blood to the head and neck 8. Venae Cavae: blood that is deficient in oxygen flows through two large veins 9. Pulmonary artery: Vessels that divide in 2, one branch leading to the left and the other to the right 10. Brachial artery: Main artery of the upper arm 1. cardi/o: heart 1. Cardiac Surgeon: Perform major 2. angi/o: blood vessels surgeries on the heart, blood 3. hem/o: blood vessels, veins, and arteries. 4. brady-: slow 5. tachy-: fast 2. Invasive Cardiologist: Use open 6. thromb/o: blood clot or minimally-invasive surgery to 7. leuk/o: white identify or treat structural or 8. -emia: condition in the blood electrical abnormalities within the 9. erythr/o: red heart structure. 10. arteri/o: artery Fun Fact: Heart attacks most often to happen on monday mornings.

1. Alveolus: Tiny sac for holding air in Respiratory System 1. Asthma: Chronic respiratory the lungs condition that causes difficulty breathing. 2. Larynx: Passageway for air to move 2. Pneumonia: Common lung from the pharynx to the trachea disease that is an infection in the air sacs in the lungs. 3. Trachea: A tube that connects your It helps to absorb oxygen from the air and cleans larynx to the primary bronchi 3. Emphysema: Serious respiratory 4. Bronchi: Passageway that connects waste gases. disease that causes the person to have trouble exhaling. the trachea and the lungs 4. Cystic Fibrosis: Genetic 5. Bronchioles: Air passages inside of respiratory disease that causes a sticky mucus to clog up the lungs. passageways and tubes. 6. Cilia: Keeps the airway clear of 1. Pulmonologist: Physician that specializes in treating diseases mucus and dirt. and conditions in the chest. 7. Epiglottis: Flap that covers trachea 2. Thoracic Surgeon: Surgeon that specializes in conditions affecting while swallowing food to prevent organs in the chest. choking. 8. Diaphragm: Muscle below the lungs that help lungs contract. 9. Bronchus: End of trachea the divides into the right and left side. 10. Glottis: Opening of the larynx between the vocal cords. 1. bronch/o: bronchus Fun Fact: Your lungs are the only organ that can float 2. cyan/o: blue on water. 3. laryng/o: larynx 4. -oxia: oxygen 5. Oxy-: containing oxygen 6. pleur/o: side; lateral; pleura 7. pneum/o: lungs, breathing 8. pulmon/o: lungs 9. thorac/o: chest 10. trache/o: trachea

1. Villi: Finger-like structure that sticks out Digestive System 1. Hirschsprung Disease: A birth defect in which of the walls of the intestines, that absorb nerve cells are missing from the end of the nutrients Responsible for taking food child’s bowel. and converting it into nutrients 2. Enamel: Outermost layer of a tooth and energy. 2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS): A group of 3. Duodenum: First part of the small symptoms that occur at the same time(repeated pain in the abdomen, change in intestine that connects it to the stomach bowel movement[can be diarrhea or 4. Sphincters: Bands of muscles at either constipation, even both]) ends of the stomach 3. Gastroesophageal reflux: Stomach contents 5. Pepsin: Enzymes that split proteins into come back up to the esophagus causing heartburn peptones 6. Mechanical digestion: Physical 4. Peptic Ulcer Disease: An open sore in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the breakdown of large foods into smaller small intestine pieces 7. Amylase: Enzyme that breaks chemical 1. Dietician: Trained to assess nutrition status bonds in starches and can recommend diet therapy 8. Chyme: Mixture of stomach fluids and food 2. Gastroenterologist: A physician that 9. Glucagon: Raises blood glucose levels specializes in diseases of the 10. Bile: Substance produced by the liver gastrointestinal tract that breaks down fat particles Fun Fact: The average person produces 2 pints of 1. cholecyst/o: gallbladder saliva everyday. 2. enter/o: intestine 3. colon/o: large intestine 4. hepat/o: liver 5. gastr/o: stomach 6. or/o: mouth 7. -pepsia: digestion 8. chol/e: bile 9. proct/o: anus 10. dent/o: teeth

1. Catheter: Tube for injecting or removing Urinary System fluids Produces, stores, and eliminates urine. 2. Nitrogenous Waste: Substance containing nitrogen that is excreted in 1. UTI: An infection in any part of the urine urinary system. 3. Renal Artery: Blood vessel that carries 2. Kidney Stones: Small, hard deposit blood to the kidneys that forms in the kidneys. 4. Renal Pelvis: Central collection region in 3. Chronic Kidney Disease: A the kidney longstanding disease of the kidneys that can lead to renal failure if left 5. Renin: Hormone that is secreted by the untreated. kidneys, raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction 4. Diabetes Insipidus: A disorder of salt and water metabolism that leads to 6. Trigone: Triangular area in the urinary intense thirst and heavy urination. bladder 1. Urologic Oncologist: A doctor that 7. Urea: Major nitrogenous waste excreted has special training in diagnosing in urine and treating cancers of the female and male urinary tract(also male 8. Ureter: One of two tubes leading from reproductive organs). the kidney to the urinary bladder 2. Urologist: Trained to treat any 9. Urethra: Tube leading from the urinary condition involving urinary tract and bladder to outside the body male reproductive system. 10. Uric acid: Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine 1. -cele: hernia 2. -lysis: breakdown 3. cyst/o: cyst 4. nephr/o: kidney 5. ren/o: kidney 6. -uria: urination 7. -pexy: fixation 8. pyel/o: renal pelvis 9. urethr/o: urethra 10. ureter/o: ureter Fun Fact: Our blood is filtered through our kidneys about 400 times each day.

1. Areola: Small circular area around the Reproductive System 1. Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstrual nipple flow Main Function is to produce human offspring. 2. Cervix: Opening of the uterus 2. Chlamydia: Sexually transmitted 3. Corona Radiata: follicle cells that infection that is caused by bacteria of the genus chlamydia surround the egg 4. Fundus: Part farthest from the opening of 3. HIV: Causes AIDS and interferes with the body’s ability to fight off the organ infections 5. Hymen: Mucous membrane partially or 4. Uterine fibroids: Common completely covering the opening to the non-cancerous growths in the vagina uterus 6. Ova: Female reproductive cell 7. Oviduct: Fallopian tube 1. Obstetrician: Specializes in 8. Zygote: Organism that is created by a pregnancy, childbirth, and woman’s union of 2 gametes reproductive system 9. Coitus: the act of procreation between a man and woman(sex) 2. Reproductive endocrinologist: 10. Gamete: specialized cell involved in physician who practices a sexual reproduction subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology 1. cervic/o: cervix(neck of uterus) 2. salping/o: fallopian tube 3. ov/o: egg 4. orchid/o: testis 5. oophor/o: ovary 6. men/o: menstruation 7. mamm/o: breast 8. gynec/o: female 9. colp/o: vagina 10. prostat/o: prostate gland Fun Fact: A woman can give birth to about 35 babies in a lifetime.