["Exclamatory sentences We use exclamatory sentences to express our feelings What a\/an size\/opinion singular in response to things we see and hear about. What adjective noun Howstrange! What a disaster! a an long story. Exclamatory sentences don't need a verb.They usually interesting have an exclamation mark. day. How + opinion adjective What size or opinion plural noun How What adjective strange! questions! interesting! difficult feet! confusing! big What a\/an singular noun We can also use What a lot of + plural or What uncountable noun to exclaim at quantity. a day! an opportunity! What a lot ofpeople! What a lot of food! What uncountable noun What We sometimes add a verb clause at the end of happiness! an exclamatory sentence. rubbish! What difficult questions you ask! How funnyyou are! o \u00a9*10 17.2 Circle the correct answer. Listen and *12 017.3 Complete the exclamatory sentences check, then repeat. with the words in the box. Listen and check, \u00ff What\/ What a delicious meal! then practise the conversations with a partner. 1 What\/ What a great film! a an what how what an 2 What a strange \/ strange clothes he wears. what a long that will be 3 How \/What fun! 4 What \/ How an idea! _\u00ff 'I bought this shirt for \u00a32.' 5 How\/ What funny! 'What __a bargain!That's really cheap!' 6 What beautiful eyes that she has \/ she has. 1 'Guess what? We're going to perform the play at *11 Write the sentences. Add exclamation marks. the city theatre next year.' O\u00ff nails \/what \/long '_ exciting!' _what lon\u00ff nails! 2 Tanya's family are going to travel round Australia 1 a \/day \/what\/ beautiful in a camper van.' 2 kind \/is \/she\/ how 'I know.What an adventure _ !' 3 'I want to get ill.Then I can stay in bed all day.' _' nonsense! Don't say that!' _4 '5-0! 5-0!What excellent result!' 3 talks \/rubbish \/what \/he --5 This time last year we were stuck in the car in the 4 books \/a lot of \/what snow. Do you remember?' 5 true \/how \/is \/that 'Yes night that was!' 6 There's a new girl at school. She's called Apple Dora.' '_ unusual name!' o\u00a313 17.4 Work in groups. Listen.The first group to respond with an appropriate \u00ffexpression from exercise 11 or 12 wins \/ a point. ihe sun's shining. it's not What a too hot And not too cold. beflw.ti.ful day ! Unit 17 101",";;:14 Work in pairs. Imaginethese are your Role play. Work in pairs.Talk about holiday photos.Write about the things, your holiday photos from exercise 14. people and places in them. Use relative Respond with exclamatory sentences. clauses. i weiA\/t to swedes ouv holiday. This Is the -place where we swacu. every day. Student A what beautiful blue water! i weiA,t to swedes ofv \u00a316 Choose five of your own photos and holiday. These people, write about them with relative who we vuet at the clauses. hotel, were really 7ftIs Is cousin, who lives lv Kuwait. frleuvdly. That's the Bring your photos to class and talk about them. Work in pairs or small v\u00ffouv\u00fftalv\u00ff we climbed. groups. These are sov\u00ffe -photos 1 1oote last summer. \\\"This Is w,y cousin, who lives lv\u00ff Ku.walt. Student B I weiA<t to Australia oia, Self-evaluation Rate your progress. holiday. \\\"This Is the cjio cj. place where we stayed. This m,a\u00ff, who l m\u00bft OIA\u00bb a flshii\u00ff trip, was really friendly. 102 Relative clauses and exclamatory sentences","Exam preparation w= = * A - A ft- L In the year 2000 historians opened a bottle of perfume pleasant-smelling smoke, or incense, which many which had been underwater in a shipwreck since 1912. people still use today. Incredibly, the liquid in the bottle was still a strong Around 3000 BC, the ancient Egyptians found a and beautiful rose perfume. way to make perfume for the body.They extracted essential oils from plants, flowers and fragrant wood The bottle, which came from the 'Titanic', was one and added it to fat or other oils such as almond oil. of several bottles which had belonged to a German Popular scents were rose, cinnamon and sandalwood. perfume-maker who was travelling on the ship. The Egyptians put these perfumes into attractive A historian who was in the room when the bottle containers, which they traded with people in was opened cried with emotion at the beautiful scent. other places. Perfume, which has the power to change people's In 2003, archeologists on Cyprus found perfume emotions, has been part of human history for bottles and mixing jugs which showed that people thousands of years.The word 'perfume' comes from there were making perfume in 2000 BC.They mixed the Latin words 'through' (per) and 'smoke' (fumus). essential oils of pine-,almond and bergamot with olive What's the connection between smoke and perfume? oil to make their perfumes. The Mesopotamians, who lived more than 6,000 years ago, burnt wood and resin.This produced \u00ff What kind of writing is this? 3 According to the text, which is true? A 1~ an opinion article A ] Thousands of years ago, people in Egypt and B \u00ff an advertisement Cyprus made perfume which was made from plant oil. C 0 an information article B J The Mesopotamians used similar methods but D ]a story different ingredients. 1 What's the purpose of the information about C The Mesopotamians didn't like oily perfumes for the bottle of the perfume from the Titanic? A to show that people who were on the the body. Titanic used perfume D The ancient Egyptians were the only ancient B to give information about the history of perfume-making in Germany civilization who used perfume bottles. C J to tell a story about recent history which 4 What's 'resin' (paragraph 4)? A | It's someone who makes perfume. shows the power of perfume B It's fragrant smoke which comes from D to give an example of an object that wood. C It's a substance which you can burn. archeologists found on the Titanic D ~] It's an oily perfume which you can put on 2 What question does this text answer? A What did ancient Egyptian perfume your body. bottles look like? B How did perfume-making begin? 5 Why was perfume important for the ancient Egyptians? C Where can I learn more about the history of perfume? aD It was a business commodity. D ] Why did ancient Egyptians use perfume? B Historians and archeologists aren't sure. C They mixed rose, cinnamon and sandalwood oil with fat or other oil. D They put it into beautiful bottles. Exam preparation Units 16-17 103","The people below are looking for a website. Read about eight websites and decide which website would be most suitable for each person. Paul's thirteen years old. He's been Cathy needs to find some questions for a ill and he wants to watch things that school quiz.The theme is sport. are interesting and funny too. Amy's going to leave school next Tony is doing a piece of homework about year. She can't decide what kind of an event which happened in 1964. He job she'd like to do. wants photos which will make his project more interesting. Sidney has a friend whose young brother has a special talent for music. He wants to read the biography of a talented musician. A What will I look like? E Who said it? How will your face change over the next five 'Who said it?' is a website that has hundreds of years? Ten years? Twenty years? Would you like questions about famous quotations by sports to know? Upload your photo, add your health people, film stars, singers and other celebrities. information and see the results! Answer the questions yourself or use the questions to test your friends. B What's that song? F See where it happened! You're out and you hear a new song that you like. This is \u00e1 'website where you can click on \u00e1 Wh\u00e1ft it c\u00e1ll\u00e9\u00e1?You el6n't know.Who wrote it? historical event and see photos of the location You don't know. Use the search facility on this today and in the past.There are also maps and website to find it. interesting facts that relate to the locations. C How crazy! G What a genius! You think you've seen everything, don't you? This is a fascinating website for anyone who is Well, you haven't until you've seen 'How crazy!' interested in the minds of exceptional individuals. It's a free collection of video clips. You'll see people doing crazy things you won't believe!You Read the life stories of people whose must be over 12 years old. achievements in the fields of mathematics, art and music make them remarkable.Click D Which career? on the links to see examples of these amazing individuals'work. What are my skills? What do Ienjoy doing? How important is money to me?This website helps H Dress me! you answer these questions and to identify your possible future careers. Are you interested in clothes and fashion? Enter your personal data into this website and it will tell you the sizes and styles that you should wear. 104 Revision 5 Exam preparation","3 Read the text below and choose the correct word Writing for each space. Write A, B, C or D. Complete b so that it means the same as a. Use no \u00ff is the Blue Star? more than three words. The Blue Star is a kind of starfish 1_ is \u00ff a Ithink you're not busy. Am I right? usually completely dark blue or light blue. There are also some Blue Stars which are b You're not busy, art uou_ ? green, purple,pink,yellow or orange. 1 a Do you remember Polly? I showed you her do Blue Stars live? Blue Stars live in coral reefs and sea grass photo yesterday. inthe Indian Ocean and parts of the Pacific b Do you remember Polly, _ Ocean. showed you yesterday? 3_ do they look like? _Polly and I met at this museum. we met. They have five rounded arms with an eye at This is the museum the end of each arm 4_ can identify only She bought a book about the museum. _light and darkness. Their mouth, 5 is in (She gave it to me.) the centre, is on the underside of the body. She bought a book about the museum _How 6 do Blue Stars grow? _ to me. _ __ _Blue Stars can grow up to 30cm across. 4 a People don't often do things like that. I'm sure 7 do they eat? Blue Stars are omnivores, 8 means that you agree. they eat plants and animals. People don't often do things like that, Can Blue Stars grow new arms if their arms break off? _She's a very kind person. kind person! Yes, they 9 Infact, a single broken Blue You've heard that your older cousin Mary is going _Star arm can grow into a whole new Blue to get married to Bill, who you've never met. Write an email to Mary. In your email, you should Star. 10 amazing is that? express your feelings in response to Mary's news \u00ff A Who B What C Which D How 1 A who B which C it D what \u00e1sk M\u00e1ry about th\u00e9 dat\u00e9 of the wedding 2 A Where B How C Why D When 3 A How B What C Where D Which ask Mary other questions about Bill and the 4 A it B who C they D that wedding 5 A where B that C who D which 6 A size B shape C big D often Write 35-45 words. 7 A When B How C What D Where 8 A what B that C it D which \u00ff _j 9 A can B do C are D will 10 A How B What C It's D That's Dear Mary Iheard about your wedding plans. How cxciting! 6 This is part of a letter you received from an English friend. UJhat's your favourite piece of clothing'? Where did if come from\\\"? UJhat does it look like? Woiu long have you had it? Why do you like it\\\"? Hotu often do you wear it\\\"? Write a letter, answering your friend's questions. Exam preparation Units 16-17 105","Listening 8 O R5.2 You will hear a conversation between O R5.1 For each question, listen and choose the ORyan and his mum Ann, who are at a restaurant. \u00a9correct answer A, B or C. Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. \u00ff What's the woman asking about? Choose yes if it is correct or no if it is incorrect. \u00ff Ryan and his mum have just ordered fruit salad. yes \/ no 1 Ryan doesn't like the music the pianist is playing. yes \/ no 2 Ann has never eaten Feijoada. yes \/no 1 Who did the boy speak to? 3 Ann doesn't eat meat these days, yes \/no 4 Ann knows the name of the song that the pianist is playing, yes \/no 5 Ryan is surprised because his pizza is very big. yes \/ no 6 Ryan thinks he won't want any dessert, yes \/no EH3L 5> Speaking 2 What's the man asking about? Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions using 3 What time does the train leave? these ideas. Student A What \/your name? What \/ be \/ your surname? How \/you spell it? you \/ like studying English? you think \/ English will be useful for you in the future? What \/ you do \/ last weekend? 4 How are the two people feeling? Student B Where \/ you come from? you \/ a student? Where \/you study? What subjects \/ you study? What \/ you enjoy doing in your free time? What \/ you do yesterday evening? 5 What's the woman asking about? Whflt's your I'kK Avulrew. 6 Which woman are they talking about? 106 Revision 5 Exam preparation","Zero and first conditional I can use zero and first conditional sentences to explain the consequences of present and future actions. Zero conditional AH-C>HOO\\\\ I \u00cd Tfcat was loud! you fu.ade m\u00ffium-p! .Sorry. I always sneeze t- 0\u00b0 | outslde \u00edia, bright sui\u00ffshi Really? i doi\u00ff't sneeze u\u00ffvless i have a cold. I'llwarn- you If i feel another \u00ff sneeze covwi ok? Thanks! We use zero conditional sentences for real situations, The verb in both clauses of zero conditional sentences to describe how people and things always behave. The result clause explains the automatic consequence is in the present simple. The if clause can come of the if clause. first or second. We use a comma when the if clause comes first. t\u00edpap&bms, if\u00edj)atea\u00a13f3f\u00a7\u00edj)3\u00edc?. if ipbsflgTafeyaft??six a'e\u00edaefe, tedassftalways answ\u00bb. Iget thirsty if Idon't drink enough water. 7Ai\/s liquidlooks blue iflightshines on it. o*1 18.1 Complete the zero conditional sentences * 2 Look at the pictures in exercise 1and cover the with the phrases in the box.Then listen and check. sentences. How many of the sentences can you it floats doesn't break you get purple remember? QIeat a big lunch you don't keep you get 24 if you. put ai\/v apple water, it floats. \u00ab\u00ff3 Work in pairs. Change some of the clauses in exercise 1to make new sentences. E if you. put a teey wate\u00bb; It doesn't float. if you put akv apple Ifv a fire, It buries. I2 + I2 = if you put afv apple i\/vear \u00ffy brother he eats It! m Unit 18 107 \u00ff If you put an apple in a bowl of water, Itfloats __1 If _ ice-cream in the freezer, it melts. 2 I feel sleepy if _3 If you add twelve and twelve, 4 _ if you mix red and blue. 5 A ball if you drop it.",":i;4 0 18.2 Work in groups. Test your mental %7 O 18.3 Listen to Andy and Julia talking abouit Othe first four sentences in exercise 6. Do they maths! Listen and do the maths.Which group can call out the correct answer first? agree (\u00ff) or disagree (x) with the sentence? add (+) subtract (-) divide (\u00ff-) Omultiply (x) \u00ff Andy Julia A-A. _A_A_ \u00ffX X What do you get if you <\u00bf>5\\\\ 1 \/ subtract five from, y-o? 2 What do you get If you T\u00a3n! 3 \u2014divide 2.0 by two? \u00ff;8 Talk in groups. Do you agree or disagree with the sentences in exercise 6? vv v A_A what do you 0et Ifyou 1001 \u2014 \u2014 -multi-ply ten by ten? _ _v \u2014A a. Ithlntethat Ifa friend Is really _A_A Me too. sad there are lots of things you what do you get If you can do to help them. \u2014 \u2014add sixteen and sixteen? 32! v Use the clauses below and your own ideas to write ten zero conditional sentences # Work in pairs.Write six sums using about things that are always true for you. numbers between 1 and 500. Then test another pair. Make sure you know the Ican't sleep I feel ill Ifeel angry I shout answers! Isneeze I laugh I go for a run I close my eyes Ifeel dizzy I have a hot bath 20 + a = \u00b15<\u00bf> - 1-f = \u00b1y-x 3 = what do you get Ifyou divide so by two? 40. IT'SJIA\u00bfTTH\u00a7 WAy 1 if I can't sleep i read a boote. ( can't sleep if a clocte Is tlcteing. ( shout Ifsomeone can't hear me. ;i 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of Work in small groups. Read out and the verb in brackets. compare your sentences from exercise 9. How many of your sentences are the \u00ff If a friend lI\u00bbsS (be) sad there Isn't (not\/ be) anything you can do to help. same? O _ .I (not\/like) it if it if i can't sleep i read a boote. (rain) every day. if i can't sleep i thlnte about a place i lltee. Everyone _ _ (feel) better if they 3 Food _(take) regular physical exercise. (taste) better if you (be) really hungry. 4 It _ (not\/matter) if you _ (speak) English with the accent of _your own language. (not\/grow) well if they Most plants _ (not\/have) light and water. _ (not\/give) you (be) tired. (watch) a lot of TV it Eating sweets _energy if you _ _If children (make) them more intelligent. 8 If you _ (cry) at a sad film it (mean) you're a weak person. 108 Zero and first conditional","First conditional o*11 18.4 Where are the conversations? Listen and number the places 1-6. a at home _ b on a train _\u00b1 c in a library _ d in a shop _e on a beach _ f in a restaurant *12 O 18.4 Complete the conversations with the phrases in the box.Then listen again and check. you should have you like you pay it washes off you go you'll feel I'll ask you tidy take you want to can go you bring we'll have to wait _1 'We \u00ff can no _ and get a drink at the next station if1 .' 'I don't know ...There isn't much time, and if we miss the next train, 2_ for an hour and get the 4.07 and then we'll be late.' 'I suppose so, but if you're very thirsty We use first conditional sentences for real 3_ something to drink.' situations, when we describe the probable result or 'If 4_ a bit extra you can have it consequence of a possible future event. gift-wrapped.' Ifheputs those leaves on the fire, they willmokea lot 'No, thanks. It's fine as it is.' ofsmoke. _'Come and get some more suncream if V* IS\/l twi 5 intothe sea again,0K7' The verb in the if clause of first conditional 'Why?' sentences is in the present simple. In the result 'Because if 6_ in the water clause we use will\/won't + the infinitive form. you might get burnt. And if you get burnt Ifyou leave now,you won't meet Theo. _7 really horrible later.' Those pots will break ifyou stand on them! _'If 8 your bedroom now we can We can also use (not) going to, must\/mustn't, all watch a film together later.' should\/shouldn't, can\/can't, might\/might not or the imperative in the result clause. This rice tastes funny, and it's a bit cold. IfJenny phones, canyou take a message? You shouldn't go into the sea ifyou can't swim. _'Well, if you're not happy with it Sit hereifyou want. 9 the waiter to take it back.' 'But will I get another one?' 'Of course! Unless 10_ order something different.' We often use the first conditional in negotiations, 6 'If n them back late, you'll have offers, warnings and when giving advice. to pay a fine.' Til helpyou with that, ifyou like.' 'Yes, please.' 'OK.' 'IfIlendyou mybike, can Iborrowyour skateboard?' 'OK, butifyou borrow mybikeyou must '12 this leaflet, if you want. It's got be careful with it.' 'Ifyou don't wear a hatyou might catch a cold.' 'OK.' all the details.' *1 Work in pairs. Practise the conversations. Unless + a positive verb means the same as if + a negative verb. Iwon't phoneyou unless there's a problem. (= I won't phoneyou ifthere isn't a problem.) Don't eat berries unlessyou know what they are. (= Don't eat berries ifyou don't know what they are.) Unit 18 109","*14 Circle the correct answers. *11 Add if or unless to the sentences. O o\u00ff If you stay here, I'II go \/ go and get the tickets.\\\" \u00ff You mustn't leave the room unless a teacher 1 You should askTony if you want \/ 'II want some _says you can. help with that. 1 we leave now, we might arrive on time. 2 There 'II \/ won't be enough food unless everyone 2 I won't look at your story _ you want me to. brings some. 3 You shouldn't cross the road _ a car's 3 We'll be late unless we don't leave \/ leave right _coming. now. 4 Don't \/ Won't talk about it if you don't want to. 4 you sleep now,you won't be able to 5 Wait a minute!You don't \/ shouldn't have a big sleep tonight. meal if you want to go swimming. _5 It won't work _ you don't switch it on! 6 There won't be any left for later if you eat \/ 6 Don't take that food you can eat it all. might eat them all now. 7 I'm not going to take the medicine -1 really need to. o515 18.5 Match the warnings a-f to the results 8 Your book will get wet _ you leave it in 1-5.Then write the ifclause to complete the first the garden. conditional sentences. Listen, check your answers ;::18 Work in small groups. How many different ways can you finish these and repeat. Ob Take an umbrelia! pieces of advice with if and unless? Close your backpack! c Don't touch that frying pan! d Don't eat all those sweets! Eat your meal! \u00ff Come out of the sea! b_ if you do\\\\A,'t tafee an umbrella,you might get wet. Don't try to climb a mountain... 1 all your things are Never jump into a river... \/3 You shouldn't criticize people... going to fall out! Don't wear jeans... 2 you'll be hungry You mustn't use electrical equipment... later. Don't lend people things ... 3 that jellyfish might 3 \u00fcon't try to climb a mountain ... sting you. J\/ ... Ifthe weather is bad. 4 . you're going to ... unless you have an feel horrible. experienced climber with you. 5 you'll get burnt. ... unless you're fit and well. ... if you don't have ei\u00ffough 516 Work in pairs. Change the result clauses food and waterfor thejourney. in exercise 15 to make new sentences. Use will, and might and be going to. Use your imagination! if you. don't tafee an umbrella, you might regret it Later. if you don't tafee an umbrella, you'll get wet ai>vd then you'll catch a cold. if you don't tafee an um.brella, Itwill definitely rain! 110 Zero and first conditional",";\u00ed:19 Ask and answer the questions in small groups. Who will you phone if you need Who will you ask if you need What will you drink if you're to talk to someone today? help with your schoolwork? really thirsty after school? What will you say if someone What will you do if you're bored this evening? asks you how you are today? Who will you phoi\u00ffe if you I'llphofve \u00ffy fr\u00edev\u00ffd A\u00ffy . I Always phoi*\u00bf her if I waiA,t to chat about thiiA-gs. v\u00ffeed to talk to son-ceoiA-e today? Work in groups of four. Students A and B look at the role cards on this page. Students C and D go to page 186. Discuss who you can help and who can help you. If you ask for help you must offer something. Student A ca som,eo\u00ffe com sea ftshifvg with Your requests Sorry, IeaiVt do that. I You want someone to come sea fishing with you. You want someone to take some photos of you. feel sick if i 0o o\u00ff a boat. You need someone to help you with your computer. I'll tov*.e sea flshikvg with What you can offer \u00a9 You'll lend people books and DVDs. you if you cat\u00ff lecvd m.e sokKe books for the weekend. \u00ae You'll tohguitar M Iesons (S3-.Q6fee ens hear): yes, I cai\/v lei\u00ffd you But ... some books! \\\"That-vks! \u00a9 Your back hurts if you do physical work (like lifting heavy things or painting walls). T jSelf-evaluation Rate your progress. \u00a9 Your legs hurt if you walk or run a long distance. \u00ff \u00ff '<* Student B 1 i \\\"I 2 Your requests 3 You need someone to help you move some heavy boxes. 4 You want to borrow some books for the weekend. 5 You want someone to paint your bedroom walls. 6 7 What you can offer 8 \u00a9 You'll help people who have problems with their computers. 9 \u00a9 You'll give free guitar and piano lessons. 10 11 But ... 12 13 \u00a9 You won't lend any DVDs unless you can borrow some in 14 return. 15 16 \u00a9 You'll only give music lessons if people practise a lot at 17 home. 18 19 20 Unit 18 111","Second and third conditional I can use the second and third conditional sentences to describe the consequences of hypothetical present,future and past events. Second conditional if I'd had pkofve with me i could have called som,eoiA,e. B-Kt the reality was, i had ia,o phoiA-e, i was. com-pletelw lost ai\u00ffd Itwas 0ett\u00bf\u00ffv0 dav\\\\z. Aw*d would ijou without fl phoiA-e No, IwouueWt! We use second conditional sentences when we We can also use could and might in the result clause describe the imagined result or consequence of an instead of would. unreal or unlikely situation in the present or future. Ifwe went to the village we couldget some eggs. Ifibiswas a m\u00a1ifornt\u00f3,if wsul\u00e1 fee waffha tef af ifViefeywastff 53 bsssy,sh? might mtemnfm&s. money. We usually use second conditional sentences to imagine situations in everyday life. The verb in the if clause of second conditional Ifthey offeredyou thejob, wouldyou accept it? sentences is in the past simple. In the result clause we use would\/wouldn't + the infinitive of the verb. We also use second conditional sentences to speculate Iwould be very surprised ifitsnowed tomorrow. about more unusual hypothetical situations. Ifyou offered Martin help, he wouldn't accept it. What would happen ifthere was no carbon dioxide on Earth? We often add adverbs like probably and definitely and phrases like Ithink. In more formal writing and speaking we sometimes Ithink I'dprobablycall the police ifthat happened. use were instead of was after if. IfJames were here, we couldask him. We often use could in the if clause. You would enjoy it more ifyou couldswim. ...We always use were in the phrase If Iwere you for giving advice. IfIwere you, I'dkeep it. o @\u00bbi 19.1 Listen and number the pictures from 1-6. W. $ 112 Second and third conditional","* 2 Write the words in the correct order to complete \u00cd5 Work in small groups. Take turns to read the responses. ...out a problem.The others give advice \u00ff really, really \/Yd\/ scared \/be with If Iwere you, I'd Who gives the best advice? _I'd be realty, reaLly scared Iget a lot of headaches. 1 that\/ I'd \/never \/do Ifind it hard to get out of bed in the morning. I'm worried about my exams. _No, Idon't have many friends. My feet are always cold. 2 angry \/be \/think \/really \/I'd Iget a lot of backache. Ican't run very far or very fast. _I i get a lot of headaches. 3 I'd \/get \/you, \/the jacket \/were\/ 1 if i were you I'd tafee som.e \u00a1medicine. _If if Iwere you., I'd have kvty eyes tested. 4 the prawns \/choose \/ probably _I'd 5 never \/ never \/ we'd \/ got dark, \/ see \/ the stars \/ it \/ If _ ! 3 O 19.1 Match the responses 1-5from exercise 2 1 1hin\\\\z the second piece of advice is best. to sentences a-e.Then listen and check. O% 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. \u00ff How would you feel if you were in the sea and you suddenly realized there was a shark in the water? \u00ff a I like the jacket best, but the T-shirt would probably be more useful. _ _b How would life be different if it was daylight \u00ff If she had (have) more time she'd 24 hours a day? _ _learn a language. c If you could eat something from there, what (live) nearer we might see 1 If they would it be? _ them more often. d _H8W Wouia ysu feel if a stra\u00f1ger look Vou'r 2 He_ (not \/say) thosethings )f he photo in the street? _knew the truth. e If you found a lot of money in a shop, would 3 If I (not \/live) with my family, you keep it? _ I'd have to cook my own meals. * 4 Work in pairs. Act out the conversations. 4 Where _ (you \/ go) if you could fly? Change some of the answers. 5 I think I_ (enjoy) these songs more if I understood the words. f-tow would you feel if you were in Talk about the questions in pairs.Then compare your ideas in a group of four. the sea and you suddenly realized In what situation would you ...? there was a shark inthe water? ... climb through a window? I'dfeel terrified! ... hide under a table? Me too! I'd be so frightened' ... shout in the street? ... paint your face yellow? ... wear all your oldest clothes? ...... buy flowers? walk backwards? ... get up at four o'clock in the morning? Iia,what situation would you clim.b through a window? I'd do that if i Lost m,y house feey and i needed to get in\\\\ Unit 19 113","* 8 Read the text and circle the correct answers. ? XilADJ\u00ffS Keeping our feet on the ground Gravity is the force that makes objects heavy. If there \u00ff weren'fy wouldn't be any gravity, the universe simply wouldn't exist. But if we 1could\/would experience life without this essential force, what would it be like? If we 2didn't have \/wouldn't havegravity, nothing would stay on the ground. Our books and pens3didn't \/ wouldn't stay on our desks. Furniture would float up to the ceiling, and cars would fly into space. We4had\/'d have to fix everything to the ground with strong chains. People wouldn't stay on the ground either. We floated \/ 'dfloat around with everything else. And if people and big objects 6floated\/ would float around together, imagine how many accidents 'happened\/ would happen! Finally, remember that without gravity, all the water in lakes, rivers and seas disappeared \/would disappear and we 9didn't\/ wouldn't have any water. Quite simply, if earth didn't \/wouldn't have this amazing force, we wouldn't survive at all. U9 Work in pairs. Discuss the question *10 Write an essay with the title'lmagine a below. Make notes of your ideas. world without computers.' Use this essay Then work with another pair in a group plan to organize your ideas. of four and share your ideas. Paragraph 1: Introduction Paragraph 2: The negative consequences of a world How would our world be different without these things ? without computers Paragraph 3: The positive consequences of a world electricity without computers cameras and film cameras Paragraph 4: Your opinion the internet A WORL\u00dc WITHOUT COMPUTERS radiation Most -people ftfvd It difficult to ivu.aQin,t a space exploration world without computers, what would the coiA-se\u00ffueiA\/ces actually be? if there wasn't ai\u00ffy electricity, we'd have to bum. 0fls or candies for light. We'd bum- v\u00ffore wood for heat, so forests would disappear. People would have to ft other sources of power for m,achli>ves. 114 Second and third conditional","Third conditional *12 O 19.2 Listen and tick \u00ff what actually happened. We usually use third conditional sentences when -A\u2014A. we talk about past events or actions that had significantly positive or significantly negative results. Oif you'd followed tlie instructions, IfIhadn't broken my leg Iwouldn't have metSam. Everything wouldhave been OK if Tanya hadn't it wouldn't have broken. forgotten to bring herpassport. ~v\\\\\/ v In third conditional sentences we change the facts \u00ff a J You followed the instructions. of the past event and then imagine the result or b 0 You didn't follow the instructions. consequence of the changed facts. _c 0 Itbroke. Facts: Ihadwet hands. Iwas tired. d 1It didn't break. Consequence: Idropped the plate. It broke. Imagined different facts: IfIhadn't been tired and ifI 1 a We helped him. b We didn't help him. hadn'thadwet hands ... c _! He asked for help. ...Imagined different consequences: Iwouldn't have d j He didn't ask for help. dropped the plate andit wouldn't have broken. 2 a J I woke up early. We use the past perfect in the if clause and would\/ wouldn't + have + past participle in the result clause. b I didn't wake up early. We'd have got wet ifit hadrained. Ifhe hadn'tshown me the photo, Iwouldn't have c [ ] You phoned me. believedit! d ] You didn't phone me. In these sentences we can use 'd as the short form of 3 a ] I was hungry. both would and had. nb I wasn't hungry. Wouldyou have done that ifyou'd been inhis position? c \u00ff I ate it. d \u00ff I didn't eat it. ('d = had) 4 a ~| I missed the bus. We'd have been late ifwe hadn't taken a taxi. o ('d = would) b \u00ff Ididn't mtethe bus. 11 Circle the correct answers. c \u00ff I was late. d \u00ff I wasn't late. \u00ff lf(rd known \/ 1 knew the answer I'd have got full 5 a 'J Jack came in. marks. b Jack didn't come in. 1 I would have texted you if Iwould have \/ I'd had had my phone. c [_ The door was open. 2 If Anna got up \/ had got up earlier she would d The door wasn't open. have caught the bus. 6 a Vicky asked the teacher for help. 3 I don't know what would have happened if you hadn't \/ wouldn't have got home. b J Vicky didn't ask the teacher for help. 4 Would you have remembered the ticket if they c [ The teacher helped Vicky. hadn't asked \/ didn't ask to check it? d The teacher didn't help Vicky. 5 I wouldn't have known if they hadn't have \/ hadn't told me. *13 \u00a9O 19.2 Listen again and answer the question 6 If I did \/I had done more revision I would have about pronunciation.Then listen and repeat. \u00ff1\u00ff got a better mark. How do we pronounce would have and wouldn't have? 7 If the teacher had checked the register, he would _a \/wodov\/ have realized that she arrived \/ she had arrived \/wodntov\/ late. _b \/wod hicv\/ 8 Would you have asked her to help if you knew\/ \/wodont hiev\/ had known she was ill? Unit 19 115","O\u00ff If he (have) more time _c_ *14 Match a-g to 1-6.Then write third conditional sentences, using the correct form of the verb in brackets. _1 I (say) hello a you (pass) the exam. _2 The letter (arrive) by now b if she (not\/have) her phone with her? c he (not\/make) so many mistakes. _3 If you (work) harder _ d if you (post) on Monday. e we (not\/meet) Ronny. 4 What (she\/do) 5 If we (not\/visit) Fred that day f your feet (get) wet. 6 If you (wear) boots _ g I (see) you. \u00ff o [fhe'd had more time, he wouldn't have marie so many mistatees. 3 4 5 6 *15 Work in large groups. Read the instructions and play the game. Max was walking in town when he saw a lot oj bank notes sticking out oj a cash Instructions machine. It was a lot oj money. The bank was open and there was nobody near the 1 Work alone. Read the situations on the cards. Imagine what you would have done cash machine. in each situation, and then imagine what two other people in your group would Iris was in the playground at school when she have done. Make notes. heard two other pupils saying bad things about Ker jriend Amy. The other pupils were older 2 Talk ingroups. Didyou guess correctly and bigger than her. They didn't know that Iris could hear what they were saying. what your friends would have done? the people were saying was true, then If what 1 Linda was walking along the side of a big it could change Iris and Amy's friendship jor ever. river when she saw a young boy jail into the water. Linda could swim, but not very well. She couldn't see the boy's parents and she could see that the boy needed help. There Self-evaluation Rate your progress. was an old man working in afield nearby. u l; o would have pai\u00fac\\\\zed a\u00ffd shouted for help. FrayvJe, I thlfvte you would have jumped straight li\/vto the water. i do\u00ff't teiA-ow ... Maybe. Kate, i teiA\u00bf>w you oa\u00ff\/t swim so i thlfvte you. would have called the old manfor help. you're right! oSI6 19.3 Listen to what happened next. How Owould you have felt? Did the people react in the same way as anyone in your group? 116 Second and third conditional","Be glad, wish, ifonly, would rather I can express different attitudes about present and past situations. Wish and ifonly with past tenses; be glad\/pleased (that) When we are happy about a present or past f~\u00ff) if oi\/vly we didn't have to walte to school! situation, we can use I'm glad\/pleased (that) + C\u00fc i wish you wouldn't say that! you say that any tense. every day\\\\ Situation: We've finished. CD \\\"But i wish we could go by bus. \u00a9 I'm glad we've finished. Q well, I'm, giad we waitz. it's good to get som-g Situation: He didn't forget. \u00a9 I'm pleasedhe didn't forget. fresh air li\u00ffthe nu>r Con\u00ffe ola,! shall I Positive clauses stay positive and negative slfvg a sl\u00ffv0 to cheer you up? clauses stay negative.There is no shift in tense. O I'd fti\u00e9m yau A\u00ed\u00fatiV. When we are unhappy about the present situation, we use Iwish or if only + past simple Because we use Iwish and if only to express our or continuous to say how we would like things feelings, we often use other emphatic words like so to be. and such. Situation: We're late. Fact: I'm very tired. \u00ae Iwish we weren't late. Declaration: Iwish Iwasn't so tired! Situation:The sun isn't shining. \u00a9 Ifonly the sun was shining! If only is often more personal and emphatic than wish. Alison wishes it was warmer but Iwish it was colder! In these structures we can use were instead of 'If only Ihadthe key!'saidJenny. was for all subjects. Iwish Jack was\/were older. When we are unhappy about, or regret, a past situation, we use Iwish\/if only + past perfect to say how we would like the past to be different. Situation: You told me the answer. \u00a9 Iwish you hadn't toldme the answer. Situation: I broke the computer. \u00a9 Ifonly Ihadn't broken the computer. n Circle the correct options. O O\u00bb 2 \u00a9O20.1 Listen and underline the stressed words. 1 I wish I wasn't so hungry. \u00ff I wish my brother's \/ was here. 1 If only we have \/had a bag. 2 If only I had my phone. 3 I'm glad you don't remember. 2 I wish it isn't \/wasn't so cold. 4 I wish I was rich. 3 I'm glad you're \/ were feeling better now. 4 I wish Ican \/could play the piano. 5 I'm glad I'll see you later. 5 If only we know \/knew the answer! O 6 I'm glad it's \/was Friday today. 3 \u00a9O20.1 Listen again, then circle the correct answers. Listen again and repeat. 1 We stress \/ don't stress wish,only, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. 2 We stress \/ don't stress positive auxiliary verbs. 3 We stress \/ don't stress negative auxiliary verbs. 4 We stress \/ don't stress if, pronouns and so. Unit 20 117","*4 O20.2 Complete the sentences with the correct ... ...* E Write sentences about the people in exercise 4. positive or negative form of the verb in brackets. Use He\/she wishes and He\/She's glad Then listen and check. she's glad she's tail. she wishes she wasn't so tail. NNeds\\\\\/6 Tick (\/) or cross (X) if the facts below are true for you or not.Then write sentences with wish, ifonly and be glad, making any changes you need to. I've got lov\u00ffg hair. x it's Friday. \u00ff The suit's shining. \u00ff I'm hungry. X I've got flkv ap-ple Inm,y bag. I'msixteen. i cnkv speak \u00ffermai-v. i cai\/v ride a bltee. it's the winter. I've 0ot ai\/v older sister. I cflkvfly. i feuvow somebody famous. 'm glad I haven't 0ot Iovug hair wish it was Friday. 'm glad the suit's sWiwXv\u00ffg. mpleased I'm, i\/vot hui\/v\u00ffruj. I've got long hair, x It's Friday, x I wish I had loi\u00ffg hair I'm, glad it Isn't Friday. a I'm glad Ijm tall, (be) 17 Talk about your sentences in small b If only I wasn't so tall! (be) groups. Give extra information. I'm glad you _ football, (like) I'm glad I haven't 0ot long hair. _Iwish you _ football too. (like) It tatees too long to brush It! Iwish i had long hair I'vejust had it cut but i don't really litee It lltee this. Iwish it Friday, (be) I'm just glad it _ Thursday! (be) If only I _ all the answers! (know) I'm glad I_ all the answers, (know) \u2014_ _If only I.short hair like yours! (have) I'm glad I long hair, (have got) I'm glad l_ _ ski. (can) Iwish I_ ski. (can) 118 Be glad, wish, if only, would rather","* 8 Write the sentences. ;:-1 T Complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box. \u00ff open \/the shops \/glad \/I'm \/are something else to weap wish 'm glad I'm glad the shops are open. I'd had a different century I had this century these clothes 1 was \/Jason \/if\/ here \/only I'm glad I chose to wear 2 taken \/I \/Tim \/wish \/a photo \/had these clothes this morning. 3 some sunglasses \/wish \/I \/I \/had I wish I'd chosen somethl\u00ff else to wear this morning. 4 it \/only \/if\/ hadn't \/you \/dropped I'm glad 1_ a big 5 enjoyed \/glad \/yourself \/ I'm \/you breakfast this morning. 6 I\/ didn't \/ wish \/ Beth\/ have \/ problems \/ so many I wish 2_ something different for breakfast. * 9 Are the sentences in exercise 8 about a present Iwas born here. or past situation? Circle the correct option. I'd been \u00ff present \/past 4 present \/past born in a different place. 1 present \/past 5 present \/past 2 present \/past 6 present \/past I'm glad I was born in 3 present \/past Iwish I'dbeefl tofi ifi'. *10 O 20.3 Listen to Billy, Louise and Iris talking \u00a31 Write extra information for the four sentences about problems. Write B (Billy), L (Louise) with wish in exercise 12. It doesn't matter if the '\u00a10Rkand I (Iris) next to the sentences. sentences are true or false for you. \u00ff Iwish I'ddried my hand\u00a7-. _i_ I wish I'd chosen somethli\/vg else to wear _1 I wish I'd been there and seen it myself. this mor\u00ed-u.n\u00bf) because this shirt Is\u00ffv't very 2 If only I'd done more work! _ comfortable av\u00ffd these trousers are too hot. _3 I'm glad Suzy told me where she got it. _ ;;:14 Is it true? Work in groups. Read your sentences to your group. Can the others 4 I'm glad someone filmed it. guess which sentences are true for you? 5 I wish I'd gone to bed earlier the night before. _ 6 If only I hadn't broken my arm! *1 Complete the sentences with the verbs Oin the box. be not\/drop not\/break go not\/pick up prepare have _\u00ff He wishes he 'd bee\u00ffv more careful. ( wish I'd chosen somethli\/vg else to wear _the dish with 1 He wishes he this wwrvJiv\u00ffQ because this shirt IsiVt very the dish. wet hands. _ better for the comfortable a\\\\\u00ffd these trousers are too hot. _2 He wishes he a good night's i thluvfe that's i\/vot true. _3 She wishes she her arm. you're right. It's wttrue. I'm. to the wedding. exam. 0lad I chose these clothes today. _4 She wishes she sleep the night before. _5 She wishes she _6 She wishes she Unit 20 119","Wish + would; would rather + past simple When we're unhappy about other people's actions we can use wish + would + the infinitive to explain what we would like to change in the future. subject wish object would(n')t base verb home. wish he come that. 1 wish you would do 1 wouldn't With this structure we give a strong, emotional declaration of our feelings. Fact:She always shouts. Declaration:Iwish she'd speak morequietly. Fact: You always leaveyour socks on the floor. Declaration:Iwish you wouldn't leaveyour socks on the floor. We can also use this structure to talk about objects and the weather. Iwish it would stop raining! When we're unhappy about another person's behaviour,we can use would rather + past simple to explain what we want the other person to do or not do. subject 'd rather you past simple that. 'd rather you didn't do now. 1 left We This structure is softer and more polite than wish + would. I'dratheryou didn't phone me early in the morning. (= soft, polite) Iwish you wouldn't phone me so early in the morning!(= stronger, more emotional, less polite) We also use this structure when we say 'no'to polite requests. 'Can Igo now,please?' 'I'd ratheryou stayedanother ten minutes.' *15 Circle the correct option. 6 'What are we going to do if the bus is late? Will \u00ff 'I wish Mandy wouldn't \/ I'd rather Mandy didn't bang the door like that. It drives me crazy!' Sidney be angry?' 'I know! It's the same every night!' 'I wish you'd stop \/ I'd rather you stopped 1 'Excuse me. Iwish you wouldn't put \/ I'd rather worrying about everything! It makes me you didn't put your feet on my bag.' nervous!' 'Oh, I'm so sorry! I didn't realize what Iwas doing!' *16 Work in pairs. Practise the conversations in 2 'Can I go out this evening, please?' exercise 15. 'No, I wish you would stay \/ I'd rather you stayed at home this evening. But you can go out at the O*1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. weekend.' \u00ff I wish Pat would Melp me sometimes! (help) 3 This place isn't as good as it used to be.' \u00ff I'd rather you finished your meal now, 'You always say that! Iwish you wouldn't. \/ I'd rather you didn't. It's so negative.' please, (finish) 4 'I wish Jim would remember \/ I'd rather Jim 1 I wish you _ things like that! remembered my birthday. He always forgets!' 'Do you want me to remind him his year?' (not\/say) 'No, it's ok: 2 I'd rather you _ now, please, (leave) 5 'Do you mind if I open the window?' 'I wish you wouldn't \/ I'd rather you didn't, 3 I'd rather you _ it on the table. actually. I'm a bit cold.' _(not\/put) with your mouth 120 Be glad,wish, if only, would rather 4 I wish you open, (not\/eat) 5 I'd rather you _ straight home _after school, (come) !(rain) 6 I wish it","SI 8 Complete the questionnaire with the correct form $20 Make notes about your life, then write of the verbs in the box.Then answer the questions. about yourself using the essay plan. Use can can get get go have forget be glad\/pleased and wish where possible. learn listen give start snow wake up health y family) How happy are you? I'm alad ~~(\u00ffmy home) Tick the answers that are true for you. f>\u00e1endsj) my educatLo\\\"n) ...*1 I'm alad I can y skills wish family)) a speak English. b do sport. c ride a bike rtenas (\u00ffmy tImT) _2 I luish 11 more ... Paragraph 1: introduction (feelings now\/why) Paragraph 2: the good things in my life a time. ...I'm0lad that b friends. Paragraph 3: things I'm not happy about in the c money. past and present ...3 I wish I'd _a \u00ff 2-learning English ujhen i wish ... I ujos much younger. Paragraph 4: conclusion - what I can do to make b ]3_ a musical instrument some changes ujhen I luas younger. ...4 I sometimes wish other people mould My UF6 _a 4_ to me ujhen I talk. onthe whole, i feel very happy. i have a big family and we have enough money for a b5 me more responsibility. comfortable life. 5 1wish I* verw c\\\\lad that ...I'm a earn some money. i r yy v vi b drive a car. v\/j vyiv* v r t yi v c speak English more fluently. T Self-evaluation Rate your progress. j 6 I tuish it ujould ... \u00ff \u00ff* a 7_ warmer. 1 2 b 8_ colder. 3 4 --C \u00ff' 5 7 I wish Ihadn't ... 6 _a 10 7 _b 11 to bed so late last night. 8 9 so early this morning. 10 11 \u00ff 12 to do my homeiuork. 12 13 *19 Work in pairs. Guess your partner's 14 answers to the questionnaire, then 15 check. Did you guess correctly? 16 17 ( thlnte you're qLad you 18 can speate English. 19 20 yes, but i wish i could speate English more fluently. Unit 20 121","Units 18-20 Exam preparation Reading These people want to learn a new skill. Read about eight courses and decide which course would be best for each person. Pete's been painting for many years. Isabel has some money to spend He'd like to do an art course but he on a course, but doesn't want to would only be happy if it was a serious do a course unless it has a practical course with other people who were application and leads to a the same level as him. qualification. Mandy would like to learn how to Libby would like to learn to sing relax. She lives outside the city and but she's not very confident. She she'd rather not travel far to get to a won't do a course unless it's only lesson. for women. Brian is a 70-year-old man who had Toby would like to learn to paint at some heart problems a few years ago the weekend. However, he sometimes but who is now in quite good health. has to work at the weekends and he He wishes he'd learnt how doesn't want to pay for the lessons if to surf when he was younger. he doesn't attend them. A Car Maintenance Yoga Tuition If your car got a flat tyre in the middle of Are you stressed and anxious? If you do yoga nowhere, would you know how to change it? regularly it can help you relax. Iteach yoga classes Learn how to keep your car running smoothly. for all abilities on Tuesday and Thursday evenings. Successful completion of this course leads to If you would like one-to-one tuition I can visit you B-VOC qualification. in your own home. Saturday mornings, starting 17th September. [email protected] Call Mike (0861 8442 0769) Extreme Surfing B Singing for Fun Surf coaching to push you to your limit! Don't consider this unless you are already an advanced I'd like to start a singing group. I'm looking for surfer in good health. men and women of all ages. If you'd like to sing Phone Tom on 0937-881-6424 but you're not confident about your voice, Ican help you with one-to-one singing lessons. Saturday Art Courses Call Frank on 0762-861-9550 I run ten-week Saturday Art Courses all through the C Improve your Singing year. My courses are suitable for experienced artists who'd like to paint and draw on a regular basis. We are the only all-female choir in the city and Cost: \u00a370 (or \u00a3120 if you pay for two courses) we welcome women of all ages. We start every Email: carlaartclasses(a>vincent.com session with singing lessons for individuals and small groups. We meet every Wednesday H Seaside Sports for All evening in the Riverside Rooms at 7pm. Body-boarding, surfing, water-skiing, beach volleyball - we give lessons in all sorts of seaside D Masterton Painting Group sports. It doesn't matter if you're five or sixty-five! Everyone's welcome. We make sure our lessons We are a drop-in club that runs painting lessons suit your age and level of fitness. on Saturday afternoons (2-4 p.m.). Cost: \u00a35.00 Weblink: www.SSFA\/896sbt\/ul per session. You pay only for the sessions that you attend. (There is an extra cost for art materials.) Venue: Masterton Hall, New Road 122 Revision 6 Exam preparation","2 Read the text and questions below. For each question, tick A, B, C or D. Anna Rose For me,clothes havealways been much more I'd neverthought of taking photos of all the than just things that you wear to keep warm. I'm costumes I'd designed. TV Drama Costume Designer fascinated by their design,their colour and the materialsthey're madefrom. Ispent two moreyears getting experience and building a portfolio,and eventually I got a place I remember making clothes for my dolls when I at college. Since then, my career has flourished. was about seven years old,and I didn't like books If someone offers me work, I always say'yes'. unless they had pictures of interesting clothes These days, I mostly work on historicalTV inthem. dramas. At school I becameinterested in theatre. I Beforeanything else, I haveto read the script so thought for a while that I wanted to be an actor, that Iunderstand exactly what the play is about. but I soon discoveredthat Ididn't havea natural Then I start designing and sewing the outfits. acting ability. If the budget issmall then I buy old clothes, cut them up, and make them into new clothes. I still wanted to work in the theatre, though, so Ibecame involved in set design and stage My work doesn't finish when the filming begins. make-up.Then one day, one of the wardrobe Actors work hard,and if a programme is filmed assistants was ill and Ihad to helpdress the outdoors their costumes will often get dirty or actors.Iknew then that I'dfound something damaged, so some of my job involves cleaning I loveddoing, and for the next two years I spent and repairingclothes. a lot of my spare time finding or designing and making the right clothes for school plays. At other times, I have to do the opposite. Sometimes I have to make clothes and then When Iwas sixteen, I applied for a college course damage them to make them lookold. Clothes intheatre design, but I wasn't offereda place. for a drama set 300 years ago would look strange They said it was because I didn't havea portfolio. ifthey were too shiny and new. . .A r I\u00bb I I I* What is the writer's main purpose in writing this text? What does Anna say about her portfolio? A ] to explain what job she'd rather do A | If she'd thought about it, she would have B J to describe her career path started taking photos of her work much C to explain why her job is difficult earlier. D to talk about the history of costume design B If you saw her portfolio today, you would What would a reader learn about Anna from the text? be very surprised. A ] She often wishes she was an actor. B She wouldn't have become a costume designer C If she'd taken photos of her early work, the if she hadn't failed her exams. photos wouldn't have been very good. C She's creative and she works hard. D If she hadn't lost all her photos, she would D She wishes she hadn't gone to college. have had a very good portfolio. What does Anna say about herself as a child? What does Anna say about costumes for A She was very interested in the theatre. historical TV dramas? B She liked looking at pictures of clothes. A She wishes the actors would be more C She would have made clothes for her dolls if careful with the clothes. she'd known how to do it. B She feels happy if she makes costumes that D ] She wishes she'd had more clothes. look perfect. What might Anna say about her acting ability? C She sometimes has to damage costumes if Ad'I'm glad I realized at a young age that I'd never they look too new. D If actors worked harder, they would keep be a good actor.' B 'If I'd had a good teacher, I'd have become a their clothes cleaner. very good actor.' C 'If I earn a lot of money as a costume designer, I'll be able to go to drama school.' D ] 'If only my family had encouraged me to become an actor!' Exam preparation Units 18-20 123","3 Read the text below and choose the correct word Writing for each space. Write A, B, C or D. 4 Read the text. Complete the text using the words Sleep and learning in capitals. Make changes to the words if necessary. In the past, some people believed in 'Sleep Learning'. They thought people could learn Dear Charlie new information \u00ff _&_they played recordings while they were asleep. However, scientists in Thanks for \u00ffour phone message. I\u00ff would WILL the 1950s proved that it wasn't possible. 1_ you are completely awake, you can't process _have phoned \u00ffou bock lost night if haven't new information. I1 got Kome so lote. CAN If 'Sleep Learning' was possible, pupils _Im glad \u00ffou 2 NEED come on \\\"Thursday. \\\\ H HAPPEN \u20142 to spend much less time at school. But meet \u00ffou at the station unless I3_ CAN the reality is, we only learn well if our minds 3_ fresh. And our minds aren't refreshed _to sto\u00ff late at college. Ill phone \u00ffou if RAIN unless we 4_ a good night's sleep. that 4 , of course. WILL When we 5_ ,we remember tasks that Do \u00ffou really hove to leave again on GO we have learnt during the day. We also develop new understanding about things. \\\"Tuesday ? Iwish \u00ffou 5_ sta\u00ff longer! When Vicky was at college, she often got Katie keeps watching the weather just five and a half hours sleep a night. She studied late in the evenings, saying to herself, _forecast and saving, \\\\Mvat will we do if 'If I'm sleepy tomorrow, I6_ an extra cup of coffee.' Unsurprisingly, she didn't get good it 6_ at the weekend? \\\\ wish she grades inher exams. 7 stop worryingI _If Vicky 7 just two more hours a sleep '\u00a1ou suggested going to a restaurant on _a night, she 8 much better at school. Sleep Sunday. \\\\ think \\\\ d rather we 8- on experts believe that unless you 9_ for seven [Tienda\u00ff, if that s OK. It ll be really bus\u00ff and a half hours or more at night, you can't perform well the next day. On Sunday. Vicky says, 'If -10 I'd known about the See \u00ffou on Thursday, relationship between sleep and learning when I ike was at college. With better exam results, my life would be very different now.' Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than \u00ff A as B if C unless D because three words. 1 A If B When C Unless D Without _\u00ff I want you to stop eating so many sweets. I wish you'd sto-p eating so 2 A will need B would need C need D needed many sweets. 3 A were B would be C will be D are 1 People who take regular exercise feel better. 4 A don't get B didn't get C get D got 5 A sleep B will sleep C slept If people _ they feel D would sleep better. 6 A 'II drink B 'd drink C drink D drank 7 A had had B had C would have had _2 I won't go running if you don't come with me. I won't go running D would have 8 A would have done B did C had done with me. D did _3 He got ill because he didn't listen to the doctor. 9 A had slept B slept C will sleep D sleep If to the doctor he 10 A I've B I wish C unless D only wouldn't have got ill. 124 Revision 6 Exam preparation 4 Please could you not use my tennis racket? I'd rather _ my tennis racket. 5 We didn't win the match and I'm sad about that. I_ won the match. 6 I eat unhealthy food because you cook _unhealthy food. unhealthy food if you I didn't cook it.","Listening o7 R6.2 You will hear a conversation between Dave and Catherine about advertising. Decide if 6 O R6.1 For each question, listen and choose the each sentence is correct or incorrect. Choose yes if it is correct or no if it is incorrect. correct answer A, B or C. \u00ff Dave's glad there are so many advertisements \u00ff Which fence is the man talking about? onTV. yes \/no 1 What is the woman advising the girl to do? 1 Catherine really wishes there weren't so many advertisements on TV. yes \/no 2 Which problem does Ed need to sort out? 2 If Catherine wants a drink, she gets it when the advertisements come on. yes \/no 3 Dave would rather the advertisements on TV were quieter, yes \/no 4 He switches the TV off when the advertisements come on. yes \/no 5 Catherine bought her trainers because she saw an advertisement for them in a magazine. yes \/no 6 She wishes she hadn't bought the trainers. yes \/ no 7 Dave always reads the advertisements in newspapers, yes \/no 8 Dave is glad the film is starting again, yes \/no 3 Which rule is the woman talking about? Speaking 4 Which is Anna? 8 Work in pairs or small groups. A friend from Australia Is planningte visit your country next year. She hasn't decided yet which regions she wants to visit (the coast, the cities, the mountains), or when she will come. Talk to your partner about the things she will need. Here are some ideas to help you. 5 What would the boy do? 6 What is the weather like today? Exam preparation Units 18-20 125","Comparative and superlative forms I can use comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs. Comparative and superlative adjectives P leftThere's o\\\\\u00ffe -place ofv We use comparative and superlative adjectives when we compare the qualities of things, people, places and times. the swlm-mXitg team,. IWe use comparative adjectives to compare two things, two people, who should we choose? two times or two places. QAfvi\/u* dives ntore \u00aba He's happier now than he was lastyear. (now \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \/ last year \u00a9) elegat-vtly thauv vlctey. Tennis is OK, but basketballis more exciting. (tennis \u00ff basketball \u00ff \u00ff \u00ff) \u00a30 \\\"&ut viefey Is a stroi\u00ffer We can use a comparative form when one of the things is something swimmer thauv Am\/va. we know about. He's much happier now. (than at some time in the past that we know OA\u00ff\u00ffva doesn't swim, as fast as vlctey. about) CD B>ut vlctey caiA\/t turyv We use superlative adjectives when we compare one thing, person, time or place with all the others in the same group. as t\u00ffulctely as AkVkva. It's the hottest country in Europe. (It's hotter than all the other countries in Europe.) Ooh, I dovs\/t fellow. \\\"Ttils Is Amy's the most intelligent of all my friends. (She's more intelligent than the hardest decision ... all my stefriends.) See the table of comparative and superlative forms on page 191. To show that two things are equal we use as + adjective + as: Jenny's as tallas Billy now. Is your bag as heavy as mine? We often use not as + adjective + as to show that two things aren't equal: He isn't as funny as you. (= You're funnier than him.) * O 21.1 Listen to the sentences and answer the questions about pronunciation.Then listen and repeat. JMli\u00ffe is bigger tha\\\\A, yours. f \\\"&ut nUfve was cheaper thavu youtrs J7his was the -finest iv\u00ff the shop. A\u00ffd this was the cheapest ivo the shop. I'm*, very pleased with i<w,y catee. f Acvd Cm,just as pleased as you. 1 How do we pronounce than ? 2 How do we pronounce -est ? 3 How do we pronounce as ? a \/dicn\/ \u00ff b \/don\/ \\\\Z a \/ist\/ \u00ff b \/est\/ C a \/\u00edez\/ \u00ff b \/az\/ [ 126 Comparative and superlative forms","* 2 Complete the questions with the comparative 16 Use not as + adjective + as to complete the form of the adjective in brackets. Osentences below. \u00ff Whose hands are bidder --uynonurrcs norrmmininee?: \u00ff a helicopter\/a jet plane - fast (big) A helicopter Isn't as fast as_ a jet plane. _ _1 Would you like to have hair? 1 a DVD\/a book - heavy (long) A DVD _ a book. 2 Are you _ at maths or art? (good) _2 lemons\/oranges - sweet Lemons 3 Which is for you to use - your left oranges. _hand or your right hand? (easy) - in a large _3 cows\/bulls - dangerous 4 When do you feel Cows bulls. group of friends or with one or two friends? 4 Italy\/Saudi Arabia - hot _(relaxed) Italy _ Saudi Arabia. _5 poems\/novels - long 5 Do you feel on sunny days or on rainy days? (happy) Poems novels. 6 Do you think films are _ than books? (exciting) * . Look at the two bedrooms. Describe the differences using the words in the box. S 3 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the big small clean old modern high low tidy messy uncomfortable comfortable questions in exercise 2. Bedroom 1 Are your hands are bigger thai*, kv\u00fane? Let's see ... yes, your hat<vcte are de-fInttely bigger than n\u00fane! * 4 Complete the questions with the superlative Oform of the adjective in brackets. \u00ff Who's the ujoun\u00ffest person in our group? (young) 1 What's _ thing on your table? (small) Bedroom 2 _2 In our group, who has handwriting? (neat) 3 Where's _ place to sit in this room? _Why? (good) thing in the room? 4 What's _(valuable) _ shoes in the 5 Who's got _classroom? (clean) thing you can see out of 6 What's the window? (far) is Work in small groups. Ask and answer the \\\"Bedroom iIs bigger than bedroom a. questions in exercise 4. B>edroom 2. Isn't as ... who's the youngest -person inour grou-p? 1 1hinte It's vu\u00bf. ;::8 Compare your own bedroom with the No, 1 1hlnte you're older than pictures in exercise 7. Tell your partner. m,e. Whet's your birthday? My bedroom Isn't as big as \\\"B-edroom, \u00b1 but It's bigger than B-edroovu, 2. \\\"The furniture Is... Unit 21 127","% S Look at the table about telescopes and choose the correct answers. Celestar Astro Seeker Sky Searcher What can you The moon, lots of planets Animals, birds,the moon The moon, the planets and thousands of stars see with it? and some galaxies and some planets 88 cm Length 88cm 100cm 13 kg Weight 2.5kg 9 kg \u00a3224 (usual price) Price \u00a3156 \u00a365 \u00a3170 (sale price) Notes Good for beginners Good for first time An excellent telescope for telescope users people with more experience The Celestar is \/ isn't as long as the Sky Searcher. 1 The Astro Seeker is as good as \/ better than the Celestar for beginners. 2 At the moment,the Sky Searcher is cheaper than usual \/ the cheapest telescope. 3 The Sky Searcher is the most expensive \/ longest telescope. 4 The Celestar is heavier \/ isn't as heavy as the Astro Seeker. 5 The heaviest \/ shortest telescope is the Sky Searcher. 6 The Celestar is the most powerful telescope \/ more powerful than the Astro Seeker. ... .*10 O 21.2 Look at the table again and complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjectives i, in the box or as as Then listen and check. expensive good shiny cheap interested in animals light powerful He chose the Celestar because it was the latest telescope in the shop. _She boughtthe Astro Seeker because it was for people with more experience. _He bought the Sky Searcher because it's usually _ the Sky Searcher or the Celestar. _She chose the Sky Searcher because it's _telescope in the shop. He didn't want the Astro Seeker because it isn't astronomy. _Her son liked the Celestar because it was He bought the Astro Seeker because he's just *1 Complete the second sentence so that it means *12 Complete the sentences with your own opinions. the same as the first. 1 The countryside isn't as exdting as the city. \u00ff Nobody in the room was as happy as me. 2 Computers aren't as _ I was the happiest person in the room. _people. 1 You're not as confused as I am! 3 Animals aren't as I'm _ you! people. _2 The book's better than the film. 4 Boys aren't _ girls. The film the book. 5 Wednesday is the _day of the week. place in this country. 3 Nobody in the class is a stronger swimmer _6 This town is .sport in the world. _7 Football is than Ed. Ed _ the class. 4 You weren't later than us and we weren't later Work in groups. Compare your sentences from exercise 12 with other people. than you. Who has the same opinions as you? We _ you were. 7he countryside isn't as exciting as the city. _5 No place on Earth is more beautiful than this. This on Earth. _6 Paul is funnier than Heidi. Paul. idon't agree* i thlfUethe countryside Heidi is v\u00ffore interesting thai*, the city! 128 Comparative and superlative forms","Comparative and superlative adverbs The comparative and superlative forms of well, badly and far are the same as the comparative and We use comparative and superlative adverbs when superlative adjective forms of good, badand far. we compare and contrast the way things happen. well-\u00bb better -\u00bb the best Jack spoke more loudly than Amy but Claire spoke the most clearly. badly -\u00bb worse -> the worst We also use comparative adverbs when we ask or far further the furthest advise people or to change their behaviour. You can see further with the Sky Searcher telescope. You make a lot of mistakes. You should do it Who can sing the best? more carefully. In informal speech we can add add -er and -est to We usually form comparative adverbs with more short (one-syllable) adverbs to make comparative and superlative adverbs with most. and superlative forms. These forms should not be Couldyou walk more slowly, please? used in writing. Of all the students in the class, Martinspeaks German Who can get there the quickest? (= the most quickly)? the most fluently. You should speak louder. (= more loudly) Some adverbs like early, late,fast, hard, high and low We can also use (not) as ...+ adverb +as to make have the same form as their adjectives. We add -er and -est to make the comparative and superlative forms of comparisons. these adverbs. Katie doesn't walk as quickly as me. Can you come earlier tomorrow? Ican't play the piano as well as Ernie. Who worked the hardest? See the form table on page 191. 1-6 with the pictures a-f. *1E Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adverbs in brackets. .\u00ff You need to explain it nwe clearly (clearly) 1 Do it next time, (carefullv) 2 Can we walk ,please? (quicklv) 3 Rosy works (hard) than Dora. 4 Hp's playing so much than he did yesterday, (badly) 5 You must try to write ,please. (neatly) 6 Go ! (fast) 7 Who in your family speaks English ? (well) 8 You can probably do this than me. (easily) 9 You need to do than that! (well) 10 I usually g5et up at the weekend \/ th*e than during week, (late) 11 I can't run as as you. (quickly) 12 Who can throw the ball \/ 'i \/ * ? (far) Unit 21 129","\u00a1i-16 Write the questions. What's the difference between life for \u00ff can \/ the \/ arrives \/ earliest \/ at school \/ who people in your country today and 100 years ago? Are people happier now than _wVio arrives, at school the earliest? before? Think about the things in the box. Write about 250 words. 1 run \/the \/who \/fastest \/can 2 a bird \/can \/who \/best \/draw \/the 3 who \/furthest \/swim \/can \/the 4 most \/ click \/ the \/ who \/ can \/ the \/ their fingers \/ loudly 5 clearly \/ pronounce \/'crisps'\/ who \/ the \/ can \/ most 6 can \/ who \/ the \/ the English alphabet \/ quickly \/ the \/ most \/say 7 lives \/ from \/ the \/ furthest \/ school \/ who food and drink money education health and life expectancy fun communication *17 Work in small groups. Compare the transport and travel family life quality of life things in exercise 16 for all the people in li\/v som,e ways, Ithluvfe life for -people li\u00ff my the group. country was better \u00b1\u00a3\u00a3> years ago. People lived i thlfvte I arrive at school the Ikv smaller towcvs ai\u00ffd villages advert families earliest. Iarrive at eight o'clocte. Were closer, ifa\u00e9y w\u00e9r\u00e9 Viappl\u00e9r fe\u00e9c\u00e1us\u00e9 ... yes, I arrive later thaia, that. - [ arrive at charter past eight. Self-evaluation Rate your progress. j \\\"B>u.t i arrive at te\u00ffto eight, so ( arrive the earliest! \u00ff \u00ff\u00ff \u00a318 \u00a921.4 Listen to Penny comparing life in her 1 \u00a9country now and life in her country 50 years ago. ...............2 f .... .............................. .. Circle true or false. 3 \u00ff Penny thinks people worked harder in the past. 4 5 True \/ False 6 1 She thinks people communicate better now. 7 8 True \/ False 9 2 She thinks people communicate more openly now. 10 11 True \/ False 12 3 She thinks people have a better diet now than 13 14 50 years ago. 15 True \/ False 16 4 She thinks life is more comfortable now. 17 True \/ False 18 5 She thinks people are happier now. 19 True \/ False j 130 Comparative and superlative forms","Adjectives and adverbs of degree I can use adjectives and modify them with adverbs of degree. Position of adjectives Some adjectives (main, chief, only, indoor,outdoor, CD What's, that? inner,middle, outer) can only go before a noun. O It's a very rare sixteenth-century blue There is an inner room through that door. Which is the main exit? glass bottle. We often use present and past participles as O (t lootes tA>tvj to vu\u00bf. it'sjust a bit dirty. adjectives. Qoh. ~ihe kw-niA. who sold It was very We usually use past participle (-ed) adjectives to \u00ff oovsa\/\u00edvw\u00edt>\\\\g. ( feel really stu.-pi.ci v\u00ffow... describe how people feel. We often use them after We can use one or more adjectives before a noun. verbs like be, feel, get and seem. We hada fantastic time. He told a funny story. The boys seem excited. We can also use an adjective after a linking verb I'mgetting tired. {appear, be, become, get, feel, look, seem, smell, We also use past participle adjectives before a noun stay, taste). when we describe the condition or appearance of something {an injuredanimal, a striped T-shirt, a Are you feeling hungry? broken window) or the process that something has The test was easy at the beginning but itquickly gone through (a boiledegg, pasteurizedmilk, dyed became difficult. Some adjectives (afraid,alive, alone, alike, ashamed, hair). asleep, awake, ill, well) can only go after a linking verb and not before a noun. We use present participle (-ing) adjectives to describe Dave was awake allnight. Idon't feel well. the things that make people feel a certain way. The footballmatch is exciting. This work is tiring. We often use present participle adjectives before nouns. It was an exciting footballmatch. It's an interesting book. *1 O 22.1 What or who are they talking about? Listen and write 1and 2 in boxes a and b. 1 Unit 22 131","* 2 Tick \u00ff the correct sentences. j&L'Jij) Work in pairs. Cover exercise 3. How o0\u00ff a It was shocking news. many adjectives can you remember? b It was shocked news. reat hotel _7 _ shops 1 a J You need to get ready. food 8 flight b ] You need to ready get. 9 _ city 2 a This sofa is an uncomfortable. weather 10 _questions b This is an uncomfortable sofa. shirt _film 11 an _ _3a]That window isonly. b That's the only window. music 12 nurses 4 a \u00ff Help! I'm getting confusing! service b \u00ff Help! I'm getting confused! \u00a3 Complete the conversations with the correct 5 a Whose is this half-eating sandwich? adjective from the box. b Whose is this half-eaten sandwich? afraid alike alive alone asleep 6 a It's an indoor swimming pool. ashamed awake b O The swimming pool is indoor. \u00ff 'Is Mike sleeping?' 7 a He's an afraid person. b He often feels afraid. 'No, he's awake .' 18 a The chocolate layer is outer. 1 'Is that Linda?' nb The outer layer is chocolate. 'No, it's her sister.They look very 2 'The house is very quiet.' 'That's because the children are . 3 That looked scary!' 'Really? I didn't feel _ .' *3 O22.2 Complete the sentences using the 4 'All the plants in the garden are dead!' information from the box.Then listen and check 'Well, the trees are _ .' your answers. _5 'I can't believe I forgot her name! I feel terrible!' 'You don't need to feel .' Oamazing food ironed shirt fantastic music \u00e9 'ULesOK?' very kind doctors and nurses great hotel very uncomfortable seat very expensive shops 'He's fine. He's got lots of friends, so he's never confusing questions Complete these sentences about yourself. \u00ff 'How was the film?' Keep your sentences secret. 'It was brilliant, and the was -fantastic .' _ _1 I'm a\/an _ person, but I'm not 1 'How was the restaurant?' 2 My friends are _ and 'The service was terrible but the _ 3 My brother\/sister is and _4 This classroom is 2 'How was your time in hospital?' _5 This school is and _'Not great, but the .' but it isn't. 3 'How was your flight?' 6 I like films which are _ and 'The flight itself was smooth but my 4 'How was your holiday?' I'm, a c\\\\ydet person butt I'm i*ot shy. 'The weather was disappointing but the My friers are teli-vd ai\u00ffd fUkwuj. 5 'Did Charlie look smart?' Work in pairs or small groups. Read the 'Yes, his trousers were clean and his adjectives from one of your sentences in exercise 6. Can the others guess what or 6 'How was the exam?' who it is? 'Not too bad, but some of the Kiv\u00ffd avul fui\/wvy. your sister? 7 'How was your trip?' No, my friends. _'It's a beautiful city but the 132 Adjectives and adverbs of degree","Order of adjectives We can use two or more adjectives before a noun.They usually follow this order: opinion good, terrible, fantastic an old Frenchsewing machine size large, small, tiny (age, origin, purpose) most other qualities easy, slow, cold, strong, kind, comfortable a horrible blueplastic shower cap age old, new (opinion, colour, material, purpose) shape square, round, oval a short busjourney colour yellow, red, white (size, type) origin Indian,Turkish, Italian an easy maths exam material paper, glass, wood (other quality, type) train, electric type sewing, shopping, sports, shower Some nouns can be used like adjectives purpose before a noun to describe material, type and purpose. a metalcup,a train ride, football boots O* 8 Describe the pictures. Use It's\/She's a and They're + the adjectives in the correct order. a vase an envelope shoes It's made of glass. It's rectangular. They're for running. It's tall. It's blue. They're old.They're white. E a camera s documents _It's digital. It's fantastic. a scientist They're connected with business. She's Swiss. She's famous. They're secret. It's Japanese. It's new. She works with computers. She's young. m 3 4 \u00ff it's a tall \u00fflass vase. 5 _1 _2 ;::9 Work in pairs. Go to page 187 and play the maze game. no Look around you and find things that you can describe with two or more adjectives. Can your partner see them too? caiA, you see a white -plastic pei-vcil case? A white -plastic pei'vcil case? Ah yes, over there. C-ai\/v you. see a large browt\/v sports bag? yes, it's Paul's. Unit 22 133","Adverbs of degree (very, really, rather, quite) lhat was c\\\\y.\\\\Xt scary We use adverbs of degree with adjectives and other No, it wasn't, it was really scary ! adverbs. We use adverbs like very and really to make the meaning stronger. It's very cold. Ithink it's going to snow. I'mreallyhappy. I'vejust passed my exam. We use quite and rather to make the meaning weaker. When there's a positive meaning we normally use quite. She's quite funny. Ilike her. This train is quite fast. Ithink we'll arrive on time. When there's a negative meaning we normally use rather, but quite is also possible. Hedrives rather fast. (= Hedrives quite fast.) It's not safe. *11 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences SI 3 Work in pairs. Ask questions with the words in the box. Answer using very, with very or quite. really or quite. \u00a3400 brother sister school bag English maths parents school town Heidi big clever difficult easy long new nice old small tall is your school bt0? yes. it's exulte big. Tony's tent is in a x\/ern bad condition. O*14 Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. Heidi's tent is .small. \u00ff 'Did you enjoy your swim?\\\"No. I only swam for Tony's tent is old. ten minutes because the water was too \/ rather \/ very cold.' Bill's tent is big. 1 The exam was so \/ quite \/ very easy. Ithink I'll Heidi's tent is expensive. probably pass. Tony's tent is __ cheap. z That car is a bit \/ rather \/ not old. Idon't think he's going to buy it. Bill's tent is old. 3*\u00ff> It's too \/ rather \/ so noisy, I'm afraid.Tim is Heidi's tent is new. practising the drums. Bill's tent is in a good condition. 4 No I can't buy that one. It's quite \/ too \/ enough \u00a312 O22.3 Listen and complete the checklist with expensive. \u00ff \u00ff for very, \u00ff for quite, or x for not very. 5 That book is not \/ too \/ quite interesting. I think you should read it. Campsite 1 Campsite 2 6 'I liked that song.\\\"Did you? Oh, Ithought it was nice? \/ very \/ so \/ rather boring.' big? good shop? 7 My brother's really \/quite\/ rather happy at the moment. He's just got a new dog! cheap? 8 This train is very \/quite \/rather fast.\\\"Yes.They near? call it a bullet train!' 134 Adjectives and adverbs of degree","SI 5 Read the text and choose the correct answers. My Blog \u00ff My travels \u00ff India \u00ff India Our journey around the \u00ff beautiful Indian \/ This amazing 10pink fifteen-metre \/ fifteen- Indian beautiful state of Rajasthan continues! metre pink structure has 953 small windows and it is 11very \/ rather popular with We were already 1awake \/ outdoor at five o'clock photographers. We certainly weren't the and we spent an interesting \/ interested 12alone \/ only tourists there, even at six morning exploring Jaipur, the 3famous capital \/ o'clock in the morning! capital famous city of Rajasthan. The local buses were 4quite \/ very busy and it would have been impossible to get a seat, so we decided to hire 5an electric \/ an electric small rickshaw. Our driver was 6rather\/ very friendly, and gave us lots of fascinating \/ fascinated facts about the city. Jaipur is full of 8elegant pink \/ pink elegant buildings, and people often call it the Pink City. One of these buildings is the Eighteenth- century grand \/ grand eighteenth-century palace, the Hawa Mahal. Write a description of a place. Include information about the topics below and lots of adjectives. Don't write the name of the place! the buildings a special building or park the people the transport positive points one or two negative points WH5RE IS IT? P Self-evaluation Rate your progress. j A bgflw.ti.fUl green river runs through this very 1 2 Skvtnll capital city, and there are beautiful old 3 4 white buildings along the river bavdzs. 5 There is a lull with an old castie on the top and ... 6 7 \u00cd17 Give your text to other students to read and discuss. 8 Can they identify the place? 9 i tl\u00fan-te this city is Prague. But look, it says 'this 10 very sm,all capital city'. 11 12 oh yes. it could be Ljubljana. yes, I thin\\\\z it is. 13 14 15 16 17 Unit 22 135","Adverbs: frequency, manner, place and time I can use and combine different kinds of adverbs. Adverbs of frequency kM T'ai Chi 6.30a.m. \u00cdive always waited to try Every Tuesday 'ai Chi. shall we 00 toi-Korrow? What's T'ai I it's a martial art. People usually do it ou.tsi.de before breakfast. I dov\u00ff't m.ove very c\\\\ui(\\\\zly ii\u00ff the v*.oyvCi\\\\m?\u00a1. J\\\"&u.t Ikv T'ai Chi yow. nu>ve slowly. Adverbs give extra information about adjectives, verbs We can use sometimes and usually at the beginning and other adverbs.They say how often, when, where of sentences. and how things happen. Sometimes we go shopping together. We use adverbs of frequency to say how often UsuallyI'm on time. something happens. We can also use expressions like every (other) day, *\u00bbeV &**\u00ff \u00ff \u00ff every Thursday and twice a month to talk about o c,0> frequency with the present simple.These expressions can go at the beginning or the end of a sentence. We use adverbs of frequency before a main verb. She checks her emails three times a day. Sally occasionally phones us. On Mondays we go swimming. We neverplay tennis. ...To ask about frequency we use How often ? However, we use adverbs of frequency after be and auxiliaries. 'How often do you read?' 'Every day.' Jim's always busy. I've often thought aboutyou. In yes\/no questions, we place the adverb of That doesn't usuallyhappen. frequency before the verb. Doyou always use a green pen? Does he often do that? Doyou ever readthe newspaper? (ever = 'at any time') * _OJulia _c_ goes to the cinema on her own. 1 O 23.1 Listen and choose the best option to complete the sentences. Vicky goes running. a sometimes b hardly ever c never a always b usually c hardly ever Henry _ travels by train. Isabel _ writes letters. a often b sometimes c never _a often b occasionally c never James -watches the news on TV. Tim listens to music in bed at bedtime. a always b usually c often a often b sometimes c rarely 136 Adverbs: frequency, manner, place and time","* 2 Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of ;|:4 O 23.2 What do the people say? Listen and frequency in the correct place. match responses a-i to questions 1-3. 1 How often do you watch a film on TV? \u00ff My grandparents went on holiday, (rarely) _a -Mw --aravui-parei\u00ffts rarelw wet-vt ofv hollcJaw. U hO <J 2 Have you ever fallen asleep on a bus or train? 1 You should say 'thank you', (always) 3 Do you always have breakfast? 2 I've been to hospital, (hardly ever) 3 The shop was busy in those days, (seldom) a Not often. About two or three times a year. 4 Lock the door, (always) b No, not always, but I usually do. 5 He's late, (occasionally) c Yes, I've often done that. 6 She forgets my name, (often) d No, I've never done that. 7 I'll forget you. (never) e Yes, I do. Always. f Everyday. g I've occasionally done it. h Sometimes, but not very often. i No, I hardly ever have breakfast. 8 Don't say that again! (ever) S5 Work in small groups. Ask each other the 3 Are the sentences correct \u00ff or incorrect x? questions in exercise 4. * ORewrite the incorrect sentences. How ofteuv do you watch a film, o\u00ffv tv, Toby? \u00ff He has a piano lesson every Thursday. About owe a weete. we ofte\u00ff watch _\u00ff \u00ff Does ever she drink tea? a -film, pit tv oiA\/ Friday evei-\u00fai-v\u00e9). _X T>ots she ever rirlnte tea? 1 Milly never is ill. ...* 6 2 Sometimes we go for a walk after dinner. Write six questions with Howoften ?and 3 Twice a week she leaves the house at six o'clock. 4 Leo washes his hair every other day. do\/Ar\u00e9 yo\u00fc ever ...}Us\u00e9 the ideas in the box or 5 We've talked often about it. your own ideas. eat lunch outside travel by plane go camping be late for school go to a big party read books or magazines about computers be hungry in the middle of the night Are you ever late for school? How oftekv have you travelled by -plaice? 6 Always he doesn't walk to school. *r 7 Work in groups. Guess how the others in your group will answer your questions from exercise 6. Ask your questions. Did you guess correctly? Are you ever sleepy after luKvch? Tom - uvo, uvever Rosy - yes, somet\u00ed-mes Afvgle - yes, always T&m, are you ever sleepy after lui\u00ffcU? yes, Cm usually a bit sleepy after lu\u00ffvch. Unit 23 137","Adverbs of manner, time and place what's the matter wi-th Time We use adverbs of time to say when something happens: now, then, early, late, today, tomorrow, yesterday, recently. We can also use adverbial time expressions: last Wednesday, in 2006, twoyears ago, in the spring, at the moment. Adverbs of time and adverbial expressions can go at the beginning or the end of a sentence or clause. What's the matter now? Now what's the matter? The leaves turn orange and brown in the autumn. Inthe autumn, the leaves turn orange and brown. But the adverbs of time early, late and then can only go at the end of a clause. We left the house early andcame home late. Place i do\\\\A,'t tei\u00ffow. she was slttlyvg We use adverbs of place to say where something is or here cyuietly a mlcutte ago. where something happens: upstairs, downstairs, here, there, everywhere, away, abroad, indoors, outdoors, Manner back, in, out. We use adverbs of manner after a verb to tell us how Adverbs of place usually go at the end of a sentence something happens.We usually place them at the end or clause. of a sentence or at the end of a clause. 'Hello, it's Mandyhere. Is John there?' 'No, I'mafraidhe's Ernie speaks slowly. Suzy washed the vase carefully andputitaway. still at work .Idon't know when he'llbe back.' When we comment on how something happened on one occasion, we can place the adverb of manner at We can also use adverbial place expressions: in the the start of a sentence, or before the main verb. We garden, at home, inbed, at work. Claire was at college while Katy was on the beach. often do this when we tell stories. When we use more than one adverb or adverbial Slowly, he pickedup his bags andleft the house. expression after a verb they usually follow this Heslowly pickedup his bags andleft the house. sequence: manner, place, time. Most adverbs of manner are formed by adding -ly, -ily or -Ily to an adjective. verb manner place time There are a few irregular adverbs of manner: well good well hard-\u00bb hard fast fast My phone outdoors. To talk about how people travel we often use adverbial works clearly expressions with by. at the police two days by car,by train, by plane (but on foot) We asked hard station ago. the man yesterday. 1 couldn't think at school tomorrow. You must work With verbs of movement (run, walk, move, come, go), the place is often closely linked with the verb. In this case we put the adverb of place directly after the verb. She walked away quietly. 138 Adverbs: frequency, manner, place and time","* 8 Write the adverbs in the correct place in the table. S1 1 Work in pairs. Student A cover downstairs proudly never late well away exercise 10. Student B read the first sometimes by bus seldom soon yesterdjaayy quickly ever in prison tomorrow here lines of conversations 1-3. How many responses can Student A remember? Ooccasionally early happily everywhere Swap roles for conversations 4-6. frequency manner place time they worte \u00bf\u00ffuXctely? No, they vjoY\\\\ztd slowly. ____ O*9 Completethe sentences. Useanadverb of ;:-l 2 Circle the correct answers. manner formed from the adjective in brackets. \u00ff He's never spoken aw\/du tome, (angry) \u00ff Come here now\/ now here! She watched them (sad) 1 Ivy runs fast \/fast runs. You did that very (good) 2 Look, they're playing nicely now \/ now nicely. 3 They lived for ten years abroad \/ abroad for Ask _ ,please, (polite) ten years. 4 She went away quietly at the end of the lesson.\/ at the end of the lesson quietly away. 5 Where's my book? It was here yesterday \/ yesterday here! 6 Toby's away at the moment \/ at the moment He read the story (beautiful) away. He's in Spain. I'm afraid I can't walk very (fast) 7 Wait for five minutes here \/ here for five minutes. I'll be back soon. He closed the door _ .(noisy) 8 Did you go by plane there \/ there by plane? _Everyone has worked _ _ today, (hard) He smiled at me. (cheerful) *10 \u00a923.3 Complete the conversations with the *1 Write the sentences. \u00a9adverbs from the box.Then listen and check. t evetywheie\/ yesterday\/ we leeked we loorztfA everww nere OwesteraflM\u00abJ. U slowly downstairs terribly later outdoors on foot out 1 quickly \/run \/home \u00ff 'Did they work quickly?' 2 now \/out\/ I'm going 'No, they worked slowly 3 will you be \/this evening \/ in 4 hard \/she works \/ at the weekend 1 'Is Sam in?' 5 carefully \/ at bedtime \/ you must clean your teeth 6 quietly \/ let's talk \/ for five minutes \/ in the garden 'No, he's _ : 2 'Is Amy upstairs?' 'No, she's _ .' 3 'Can you help me now?' _'No, but I can help you 4 'Do you play chess well?' 'No, I play _ !' _5 'Shall we sit indoors?'.' 'No, let's sit 6 'Did you come here by car?' 'No, we came _ .' Unit 23 139","*14 O 23.4 Complete the quiz questions with Where, How, How often or When. Then work in groups. Do the quiz, and listen to check the answers. Quiz lime How often does o solar does the moon _ does 'The Oscars' eclipse happen? circle the Earth? ceremony (the Academy Awards) a Abour once a year. fake place? a Once every rwo weeks. O b Abour every 28 days. (_ 0b Every two years. a Every rwo years. [_] c Abour every 24 hours. [ i b Every autumn. [ ] c Once every rwenry years. [ ] c Every spring. \u00ff -should you _'s the best place _ was the first to be in o thunderstorm? breathe if you need to relax? Olympic Games? a Ourside. a Slowly. \u00ff a Many centuries ago. O b In a car. Q b Noisily. O b In the last century. ] c Indoors. [ c Quire recently - abour c Quickly. \u00ff 30 years ago. [ _ would you find an attic'? a Upstairs. \u00ff b Downstairs. [ c In the garden. P did a French 8 should o man fly from France to England musician play when the score says for the first time in 1909? 'pianissimo'? a By helicopter. \u00ff a Very quietly. O b By plane. O b Very loudly. [H c Very quickly. \u00ff c By hot air balloon. [ W Write more quiz questions to ask each 2 ..........1 H || i other. Team A, turn to page 182.Team B turn to page 183.Team C, turn to page 3 mm \u00a7 1 185. Follow the example below. 4 H 1 I \u00ff 'Biennial' events happen a twice a year 5 L\\\" \u00a1i BB \u00ed b twice a month c once every two years II II Team, A: H-ow often do 'blelluvial' events 6 happen? is It a) twice a year, b) twice a 7 | ku.onth or c) once every two years? 8 1\\\"\\\" 9I Twice a year? 10 No. Tgam, \\\"\u00a3>? 11 12 once every two years? 13 1 Mm14 [\\\" M 1 yes, that's right. \u00ff\u00ff\u00ff\u00ff_\u00ff 15 __ 140 Adverbs: frequency, manner, place and time","So and such I can use so and such for emphasis and to explain the result of a situation. CD it was such a borin\u00ffj flln*,! 7he action We use such to add emphasis to an adjective and noun combination. happed so slowly a\u00ffd there were so few such a\/an adjective singular C\u00ffvterestlt-vg characters. countable noun Owhy dldt\/v't youjust Leave the ci-i\u00ffem-a? CD My seat was so comfortable that 1fell It was such a boring film! asleep! He's such an interesting job. got IpAI plural countable such adjective noun \/ uncountable noun You've got such blue eyes! We use the adverbs so and such to add emphasis This is such hard work! to descriptions of the quantity and quality of things. It was a very boring film. (= an opinion) We can use such + noun (without an adjective) when . .a \u00a7 \/\u2022! \/ I \\\\ th\u00e9 \u00f1ou\u00f1 itself has a positive or negative m\u00e9\u00e1\u00f1i\u00f1g. It was such a boringfilm! (= an emphatic opinion) That was such a disaster! \u00a9 We usually stress so and such when we speak. This is such fun!\u00a9 We can use so to add emphasis to an adjective We can also use such with the quantifiers a lot and or adverb. a lot of. so adjective\/adverb such quantifier (+noun) They look so funny! Why did you buy such a lot? He talks so quickly! There were such a lot of butterflies! We can also use so with the quantifiers much, After a clause with so and such we often add a clause many, little and few. to describe the result. My seat was so comfortable (that) Ifell asleep. so quantifier (+noun) This is such fun (that) Idon't want to go home. There's so much! We've got so little time! 1 O 24.1 Listen and number the pictures from 1-6. Unit 24 141","OThe book was so good _e_ ;\u00ed 2 O 24.2 Add so or such in the correct place. 15 Add so or such to 1-8, then match a-i to 1-8. Then listen, check and repeat. o _ _The bag was \u00ff He's got a kind face. full He's OiOt sucVi a -face._ The music was _ loud 1 They were friendly. He's _ a genius I've got many things to do _It was _ 2 That's funny. a long car journey _She goes running _ often 3 You did that carefully. _He's _ a nice boy _ The race was _ a success 4 There's a lot of smoke. that she's never at home! that I don't know what to do first. 5 Is it a problem? that everyone wants to be his friend. that it broke. 6 That's true. that I couldn't stop reading it. that we're going to organize it again next year. 7 It was a nice day. that we had to stop for lots of breaks. that I couldn't hear what they were saying. 8 That's good news. that some people don't understand his ideas. 9 You run fast! Look at the pictures.Join a sentence from box A 10 I've got many ideas! ... ..with a sentence from box B. Use so\/such that .*3 Work in pairs. Look again at the pictures A in exercise 1 Can you remember all the sentences with so and such? Use the The shelf was high. It was a hot day. words in the box. The fog was thick. It was cold. small cold beautiful fed up a long time There were a lot of people. The wind blew hard. young apples a mess friends trophies play golf well few many B The fence fell down. Some people had to stand. She couldn't speak. He couldn't reach it. We couldn't see anything. My ice-cream melted. it's so beautiful! the houses loote so sm,a It! :,;4 Work in pairs. Look at the things and people around you. Who can make the most emphatic statements with so and such? My bc?0 Is so heavy today! There are so n\u00ffai\u00ffy bootes o\\\\*> that shelf! Your Ekvglish is so good today! \u00ff it was so cold that he couldn't s-peate. _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 142 So and such","*7 Work in small groups. Take turns to say one of the clauses below.The first person to add an appropriate result clause wins a point. ...She's such a nice\/a funny\/an interesting person that she-\u00a3 a ?\u00a3rso\u00ffthat ... ...He works so hard\/slowly\/quickly that He's got so many friends\/books\/pairs of shoes that ... ... i always, laugh whei* I'm, with her! owpo\u00edt\u00e1for y0u\\\\ ...There was so much snow\/rain\/fog that ...It was such a good\/bad result that r! 8 Read the emails and complete them with the phrases below. O so badly so happy so beautiful so many so near the beach that so amazing that such a fantastic so such such such a Hi Dave _Hi Charlie _How are you? It's \u00ff such a pity We're having4 holiday here! .The island is 5_ There are that you couldn't come on holiday with 6_ interesting birds and us this year. _We talk about you 1 a lot animals to see. and we hope2-much that Did you hear about Dave? He couldn't come with us this year. It's your back is better soon. 7_ shame. He was playing Take care, football and he hurt his back 8_ that the doctors said he Jamie and Max _PS This place is3 shouldn't travel. we think we might come back again next year - Do you think you could visit him? He'd be 9_ to see you. Perhaps you with you, of course! I've attached a photo could take him some books or DVDs. to this message! From Max PS Our campsite is 10_ we can hear the waves at night! Was it good to hear from Jamie and Max? 19 rWhat did you think of the photo of the beach? *y Are you very disappointed about missing the holiday? ....... ..Howisyourback? Imagine you are Dave. Charlie came to visit you yesterday. Write an email in reply to Jamie and Max. Include the answer to these questions, using so and such: Self-evaluation Rate your progress. j & W U- C* 1. How was Charlie's visit? 2 Did he bring you anything? 3 Hi Jamie and Max 4 A5 6 7 Thanks for your email. It was so good to hear 8 9 ...from you. I Unit 24 143","Units 21-24 Exam preparation Reading The people below are looking for clothes and shoes. Read the reviews of eight shops and decide which shop would be the most suitable for each person. George is a fisherman. He needs Julia wants some advice about some new strong blue trousers for running shoes. She's a competitive his job. runner who'll be running more often in the future, so she wants to buy shoes that will last a long time. Tommy wants some smart shoes for Iris is 80 years old and rarely a wedding. His feet are so narrow goes out of the house. She likes that he always has problems finding comfortable clothes. shoes that fit him. Sally and Jane love shopping for Isabel doesn't have much money colourful new clothes but they but she likes unusual clothes. seldom have much money to spend. She's interested in recycling. A Bella's Boutique E From Old to New You won't find anything surprising in this shop, Tim and Jenny are the talented young owners but it sells really useful items for work and formal of this exciting new shop.They find old clothes occasions. Plain white cotton shirts, simple black and clean them, then give them a modern look trousers, warm woolly hats - you can find them all by making changes to the whole item or to small here.The clothes are good quality, and reasonably details. priced, too. F On Form B Optima 'On Form' sells clothes (not shoes) for school and 'Optima'sells everything from sportswear to party indoor and outdoor workplaces, in all colours and clothes.They have different things in every week, and the prices are low. It's a fun place to visit, and sizes. you can find some nice items, but the quality isn't the best and the service isn't very good. The shop itself is small, but they are happy to order items for customers. C Such Style! G Triumphantly Tall Pink and black striped trousers, a gold silk jacket and white leather riding boots ...The clothes in This shop is full of clothes for people who are this small new shop aren't cheap but they're so taller than average. The owners are friendly, and unusual you won't find anything else like them! run the shop extremely efficiently. 'Such Style!' is perfect for anyone who wants to The prices are quite expensive, but nowhere else look a bit different. offers such a high level of service. D Living Well Triumphantly Tall' also has a range of shoes for people whose feet are bigger or smaller than It's good to know that shops like this are still average. doing well.'Living Well' has clothes and shoes for older people for whom it's more important to feel H Match! good than to look good.They also do free home deliveries. This is the only sports clothes shop we visited that had really helpful salespeople. The clothes and shoes here are a bit expensive, but they last longer than the cheaper ones you can buy in other shops. 144 Revision 7 Exam preparation","Read the text and decide if the sentences are 3 Read the text below and choose the correct word true or false. for each space. Write A, B, C or D. Fovr co\\\\ourQu I l\u00bf\u00bbke\u00a3 Blink and Lake PiM+vbo, the Philippines you miss it This stunning bright blue and green __We all \u00ff B\u00bb swallow, yawn and blink freshwater lake is at the top o\u00ed Mount throughout the day. These 1_ actions are Pinatubo, an active volcano 900m high. The important reflexes which our bodies do 2_ lake only came into existence in 1991, when _When we eat a meal, we chew the food the volcano erupted. The best time to visit and enjoy the warm waters of the lake is and then swallow3 When we're 4 , in the dry season, because the area can be dangerous when it's rainy. we yawn without thinking. And every few seconds we blink: our eyes close and open Laqom Colorado, Bolivid _5_ rapidly to clean and refresh our eyes. This saltwater lake is located at 4,200m above sea level. It is very shallow, with a It happens 6 quickly that we aren't even aware of it happening. depth of just 50cm. _The number of blinks per minute is different The lake water is bright red in colour because of plants and minerals, but small from person to person, and adults blink 7 white islands in the lake make a striking colour contrast. frequently than children. Reed Fwte Cwe \/-\u00bfike, China We don't blink often usual whent \u00bb V 8 as we This is a still, calm underground lake. It is \\\\S II I \u00bb \u00bbW*\/ V VI I T\u00bb IIN\/I I \\\\\/ inside a limestone cave which is over 180 -III IIN IIVII VI*\/ million years old. There is a system of multi\u00ac study something closely, which is why our coloured lights in the cave which shine eyes feel tired when we read for a long time. dramatically on the cave walls and water. On average, we lose about four or five \u00f3poffed Canada seconds of information every minute because of blinking. This lake has some of the largest quantities of minerals in the world, including calcium, However, new research shows that this isn't silver and titanium. In the summer the lake actually 9_ a problem, because our brains becomes very dry. More than 365 pools of 10_ know when the right time to blink is. water remain and are visible as blue, green and yellow spots. \u00ff A regular B regularly C rare D rarely 1 A bit B quite C little D fairly \u00ff Mount Pinatubo might erupt again in the future. 2 A unconscious B unconsciously true \/ false C more unconscious D more unconsciously 1 Lake Pinatubo is a young lake, true \/false 3 A only B always C automatic 2 It's more dangerous to visit Lake Pinatubo in the D automatically dry season than in the rainy season, true \/ false 4 A indoor B outdoor C tiring D tired 3 Laguna Colorado is a beautiful shallow red-and- 5 A very B more C most D so 6 A so B such C rather D quite white freshwater lake, true \/ false 7 A so B as C more D very 4 Lake Pinatubo is as high as Laguna Colorado. 8 A really B more C most D as 9 A rather B as C so D such true \/ false 10 A cleverer B cleverest C clever D cleverly 5 Reed Flute Cave is very old. true \/ false 6 The lake in Reed Flute Cave is naturally multi\u00ac coloured. true \/false 7 Spotted Lake has fewer minerals in it than many other lakes, true \/false 8 Spotted Lake always has a 'spotted' appearance. true \/ false Exam preparation Units 21-24 145","Writing 5 Complete b so that it means the same as a. 4 Read the email. Complete the text using the Use no more than three words. words in capitals. Make changes to the words _if necessary. Dear Alison sleep _Everyone's still \u00ff asleep but I've woken up real 1 early so I'm writing you this email. good slow We've come to stay at my grandma's house for VK y a week. She's been ill recently, but she's getting old\/big \u00ff a No butterfly is smaller than the Western nice 2_ now and we've come to give her some Pygmy Blue. help. She's doing things more 3_ than amaze usual, but apart from that she's OK. b The Western Pygmy Blue is the smallest butterfly in the world. cold Her house is very old and beautiful. It has 1 a You can see through butterflies'wings indoor __ _Unfortunately,the weather was so 8 five bedrooms. I'm sharing a room with my because they are very thin. clear 4_ sister. It isn't as 5_ as the other b Butterflies' wings are _ you can interest _rooms, but it's the 6 because it has see through them. wake 2 a The butterfly was small. It was attractive. 7_ views over the river. It was green. b It was an _ butterfly. and wet yesterday that we spent the whole day 3 a Rosy paints beautiful pictures of butterflies. b Rosy paints butterflies . 9 This morning the sky looks 4 a Ididn't use to be able to identify butterflies _10_ so I think my sister and Iwill be able _very quickly. now. to go out and do something 11 b Ican identify butterflies later on. 5 a The Goliath Birdwing butterfly is bigger than the Blue Morpho butterfly. Mum and Dad are 12_ now, so I'm going b The Blue Morpho butterfly is _ to go and have some breakfast. as the Goliath Birdwing butterfly. 6 a Isaw a very rare butterfly last year. Isaw it I'll write again soon, _here. b Isaw a very rare butterfly Cathy 6 This is part of an email that you received from a new English friend, Libby. Ican't use a computer very well. How often do you use a computer? Tell me about a computer that you sometimes (or usually) use. How good are you at doing different things on the computer? Are you better than your friends and your family, or not as good as them? Write an email to Libby, telling her about you and computers. 146 Revision 7 Exam preparation","Listening 8 O R7.2 You will hear a fitness coach describing 7 O R7.1 Listen and choose the correct answer physical activities. Choose the correct answer oA, B or C. A, B or C. \u00ff How does Heidi describe herself? \u00ff What did the man do? 0A She's very fit. B J She's Australian. m Im C She's got a lot of experience. 1 Heidi thinks running and swimming A \u00ff are boring. B aren't very good forms of exercise. C seem boring to some people. 1 Why didn't the girl phone yesterday? 2 Skipping is A the best cardio-vascular activity for children. B more popular with adults than it used to be. C J so cheap that everyone should do it. a 3 Your skipping rope should be 2 What's the man describing? A as long as you are tall. B longer than your height. C as long as the height from the floor to your chest. 4 What is 'spinning'? A Outdoor cycling with a really good, motivating instructor. B Indoor, organized, group cycling. C Cycling indoors alone with music. 3 Which sign is the woman talking about? 5 What does Heidi think is the best thing about NO Children Parking spinning? STOPPING A You follow a well-designed fitness programme. B The music makes you cycle faster. C The weather hardly ever stops a class. E 6 What does Heidi say about aqua aerobics compared with normal aerobics? 4 How does Libby feel about playing tennis with Jamie? A J It's harder. B ]~ It's faster. cD It's very different. 5 Which is Henry's calendar? Speaking wm 7- 9 Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions . Tr rTri together. A What's your favourite form of transport? Why? What do you do when you go on a long car |c| journey? Have you ever travelled on an unusual form of transport? What was it? What did it look like? What's the longest journey you've ever done? Do you ever sleep when you're travelling? Exam preparation Units 21-24 147","Prepositions of time, place and movement I can recognize and use prepositions of time, place and movement. Prepositions of time our birthday at the weekend in + in the morning, in the afternoon, 0oI.I\/V0 to be sixteen? in the evening part of a day No, he's 0ol\u00ffv0 to be sixteen \u00abltd rn*. goifvg a week or more in the last week of October to be four. in the autumn term C\u00dc what do wow. kKea\u00ffv?! month in March, in April Tim and Tom were born on different days in a leap year. Tim was born at 11.55p.m. on February 28th year in 1656, in 1973, in 2002 and Tom was born at 12.10 a.m. on February 29th. So Tom only has a birthday every four years! season in winter, in spring, in summer, We use in, on and at with different time words and in winter phrases. decade in the 1960s, in the nineties We use in + a time period to describe how long it takes century in the 18th century, in the 21st to do something. He finished the test in twenty minutes. century She readsix books in one week! We can also use in to mean after. on + I'llbe back in five minutes. See you in two weeks' time. day of the week on Monday, on Friday We don't use in, on or at before the time expressions date on 22nd November yesterday,tomorrow and this\/next\/last\/+ everyday\/ special or on my birthday, week\/month\/year. particular day on this day 200 years ago We meet every Tuesday. on that day I'llphoneyou tomorrow. For information on other prepositions connected with on Wednesday afternoon day + part of day on Saturday morning time, see Unit 3 {by, for and since), Unit 4 {after, before, until) and Unit 17 {until, during, by). on New Year's Eve at + at six o'clock, at half past two, clock time at 3.30, at midnight meal at breakfast two or three days at the weekend expression with at bed time, at break time time at that time the end of\/the at the beginning of the week beginning of at the end of the day 148 Prepositions of time, place and movement","1 O 25.1 Listen and complete the missing * 2 Circle the correct answer. information. O\u00ff I always do my homework at \/,\/iTn\\\\the morning. 1 O 1 I'll be back on \/ in ten minutes. 2 Emily was born on \/ in 1999. Leo 3 We often go camping at \/in the summer. 4 I saw Martin on \/at Monday. phoned (at about \u00ff <\u00bf>.3,0 ) 5 They came here in \/ at the last week of January. 6 See you on next Friday \/next Friday. fteJII call back in 1-minutes. 7 We start lessons at \/ in nine o'clock. 8 People lived here on \/ in the 12th century. See you later, 9 He went to bed at \/on midnight. 10 It happened in \/onThursday evening. Tim 11 How many words can you write in \/ at a minute? 12 Birds fly south at \/in winter. OJcat Webfter * I Read the text and circle the correct options. - w of tke wit wyortwJt nJrittrJ 000 of tke 2-uvdi\\\\ry. The Northern Lights \u2014 _Vows, uv Lot\\\\slot\\\\,oi\\\\,3 V W3- to Ins\/u*, wv Home I Aurora Burealis I Artie Circle I Blog I Links - wvtA yJ %dk Can you imagine seeing the sun \u00ff in \/ at \/ on __4-W3- midnight? 'In every \/ Every \/At every summer, Dear Bella people who live near the North Pole have It was good to talk to you this sunlight for 24 hours. It gets a little darker 2on\/at\/in night time, but not much. 5 I'm looking forward to 30n\/At\/ Inwinter, of course, the opposite is true: the sun doesn't rise 4on\/at\/ in the morning, and __talking to you again on Friday it stays dark all day. But this is also the best time to see an amazing 6_ about your performances natural phenomenon which from time to time in 7 lights up the sky5on\/at\/in night: the Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis. Cath\u00ff phoned 60n\/ At\/ In Monday 24th October 201 1 people She d like to come and staw in the in Canada saw a particularly amazing display of the Northern Lights. According to scientists, the week of (Tla\u00ff. bright red, pink and green lights were caused by She II phone again at the9. a sun storm 7in \/ on \/at the Saturday before. Libb\u00ff Usually, people only see the Northern Lights near the Arctic Circle. Incredibly, however. 8in\/at\/on the 1980s, people as far south as the US-Mexico border saw them, because of particularly powerful sun storms. Unit 25 149","% 4 Complete the conversations with in, on or at. Work in pairs.Take turns to choose a question from exercise 6 to ask a partner. \u00ff 'When will the new library open?' ' on the 23rd of October next year.' where were you. at four o'clock yesterday after\u00ffoia.? 1 'When did she live here?' Iwas oi\u00ff the bus. '_ the 1960s.' where were you at five o'clock _2 'Why didn't she phone?' that time!' 'They didn't have phones yesterday afteri-vooia,? 3 'When are they leaving?' was at hon\u00ff-e. '_ six weeks' time.' _4 'When was he born?' ' this day in 1672.' 5 'When does the film start?' '_ quarter to seven.' *JT Write four short paragraphs to answer the questions below. Give your text to other _6 'When do you go swimming?' students to read. ' the school holidays.' 1 What's your favourite season? Why? What do you 7 'When can we talk about it?' do in this season? '_ dinner.' 2 Which month don't you like? Why? What happens in this month? _8 'Why didn't you seethe play?' 'I wasn't at school that day.' 3 What's your favourite day of the week? Why? What do you usually do on this day? *5 Work in pairs. Student A cover exercise 4 What's your favourite time of day? Why? 4 and Student B ask the questions. How many answers can Student A remember? TIME ANE> Me Swap roles. i I lltee sum,mer because I always have a wheiA, will the uvew library o-peia,? Oia 2.5th October? holiday with cvcy friers, we swim, avM play gam\u00bfs day, .\u00abK I I A \/J ft evefuiA\u00bf)at-vd cheha.4-I\/\/v a enema* >\u00bb \/\u00bb\u00bb \/\/> a I \u00ab y\u00bb No, try agaiia.! we have a \u00ffu,eaItogether. Oia, 23rd October? yes, that's right. *6 Complete each line with in, on, at or no preposition (-). \u00ff Where were you at three\/four\/five o'clock yesterday afternoon? 1 What were you doing _ this day last year\/ _two years ago? last Friday\/Saturday\/ 2 Where were you Sunday\/Monday? 3 Where will you be _ two days'\/weeks'\/ months'\/years'time? 4 How many metres can you run\/swim\/walk _ five minutes? 5 How old were you _ October the 24th 201 1\/May the 1st 2012\/January the 15th 2013? 6 Where do you usually sit _ breakfast\/ _lunch\/dinner? your birthday\/ 7 What do you usually do Fridays\/the last day of term? 8 What are you doing _ tomorrow\/ this evening\/next Saturday? 150 Prepositions of time, place and movement"]
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