Oxford Grammar for Schools 5 Student Book

["Prepositions of place We use the prepositions in, on and at with different Some prepositions describe the position of an object kinds of place words. or person in relation to another. in + in the box, in the bottle containers rooms in the bedroom, in the kitchen buildings as spaces in the greenhouse towns, countries in Oslo, in Spain, in Asia and continents car in the car, in a taxi There's a mouse on top of The paintingis against the painting. There's the wall. There's a toolkit pictures in the painting, in the photo a spider under the near it. There's an umbrella behindit. They're in a bagin the kitchen. painting. a on + on the path, on the wall surfaces floors of buildings on the first floor public transport on the train, on the bus roads and rivers on West Street, on the Nile 1saw him on NewRoad. He was on the bus. The paintingis outside the house. It's in front of a at + bigger painting. buildings\/places where things at the station, at the hospital, r- The painting is among happen at the cinema, at the bus stop The paintingis inside other paintings. It's addresses at 27 Silver Street the house. It's opposite between two flower at the concert a door. paintings. It's below events apaintingof a man. at the top of the hill It's above a picture of a the back\/front\/ house. top\/bottom We met at the caf\u00e9 at the end of the road. * 9 Complete the sentences with in, on or at. oo OO*10 waited at the bottom of the stairs. 25.2 Work in teams. You have five _ _1 He's working _2 I sit South America. minutes to circle the correct answers. the back of the classroom. Listen and check. Which team had the most correct answers? 3 Did you sleep _ the plane? \u00ff Carrots grow below \/ above the ground. _4 What have you got _ your bag? 1 Your index finger is next to \/ under your thumb. 5 It's a town the River Thames. 2 Pearls grow inside \/ between oyster shells. 6 There are three cats _ the picture. 3 Your heart is behind \/ in front of your lungs. 7 Is that oil _ your hands? 4 Dundee is in \/ near Scotland. _8 I'll see you _ the meeting. 5 The giant clam is a shellfish which lives in the sea 9 He always wears a suit the office. inside \/ among coral structures. 10 I want some pictures my office. It's not a good idea to stand opposite \/ against a wall that has a 'wet paint' sign on it. Unit 25 151","Prepositions of movement We use prepositions with places, objects and people to talk about movement. down through As we walked across the river,a frogjumped out of it The cable cars went up and down the mountain and the ducks walked along the bank. through the clouds. A blue one went into a cloud. over towards around Ann went towards the ice-cream van. Tim rode past it. We saw you go over the lakeas we were walking around Three people walked away from the van. the lake. The boyjumped off the platform into the lake. 11 O 25.3 Look at the pictures above. Listen and *13 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. answer each question with a colour or number. along from into off out of ovep up How duo\\\\zs are \u00ff Did they run over that bridge? alovu$ the river ba\u00ffUe? 1 How far is it _ here to the beach? *12 Circle the correct option. 2 She slowly took the letter _ the envelope, \u00ff The ball rolled up \/ down \/ along the hill. opened it and read it. 1 He walked straight past Ioff Ithrough me without 3 I fell -the wall and broke my arm. even saying 'hello'! 2 They're going to drive across \/ onto \/ over the USA. 4 Walk _ this road for 100 metres. 3 Put your hand along \/ to \/ into this box.What can 5 You can climb _ the tree but don't go you feel inside? 4 The sheep moved towards \/ through \/ along the _too high. the river. corner of the field. 6 She fell 5 How quickly can you run from \/ towards \/ around here to that gate? 6 Polly chased Ed out of \/ down \/ around the table. 152 Prepositions of time, place and movement","*14 Complete the sentences with the correct JF*\/ Work in pairs.Write six more questions with prepositions like the questions in prepositions of place and movement. exercise 14.Use the places below or your own ideas. Would you rather live \u00ffnear the beach or the mountains? pocket bag bottle cupboard hospital prison five-star hotel tent Would you rather live 1_ classroom kitchen garden Europe or North America? desert jungle cave swamp volcano river road path bridge _Would you rather run 2 Australia Iceland China Mexico _a beach for 10 minutes or jump wall floor ground 3 a swimming pool? _Do you prefer sitting 4. the back Would you prefer to travel across Australia the front? of the cinema or5 or around Iceland? Which floor of a 40-floor block of flats _would you rather live 6 Work in different pairs. Ask and answer ? your questions from exercise 16. Give extra information in your answers if you _Do you find it easier to walk up can. or7 a steep hill? Would you -prefer to travel across Australia or around Iceland? If there was a deep hole in the ground that was one metre across I'd -prefer to travel across Australia, ii* would you jump 8_ it or walk 9_ it? I'd rather travel arouvud Australia because I'd litee to see the coast. _Do you prefer to read, sleep or look out of the window when you're 10 a car? What about when you're 11_ public transport? _If you saw a strange spider 12 Self-evaluation Rate your progress. _the wall, would you move 13 Cjio CJ. it or away 14_ it? Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in exercise 14.Ask 'Why?' Would you rather live near the beach or the mountains? Near the v\u00ffouv\u00fftalv\u00ffs, definitely. Why? Because I'd litee to try steiiuvg. Unit 25 153","Linking words I can use conjunctions and prepositions to link ideas. Preposition or conjunction? We use linking words such as conjunctions or prepositions to express htow does a ship stay oi*> connections of time, cause and effect, and contrast between parts of the water, evei-v though it's, sentences. kvtflrfe of \u00ffvcetal? We use conjunctions - for example and, so, but, because - to link one C~~\\\\ The v\u00ffttal avuA air of the clause with another clause, or to link two nouns. sl\u00fa-p weigh less thav\u00ffthe clause conjunction clause it was raining. We went home because (reason) we were eating. water, so the sl\u00fa-p stays ouv she was late for school. top. the weather was so bad. The phone rang while\/when (time) \u00a33 How do yow. tefvow that? it's the end of the lesson. She missed the bus, so (consequence) d\u00fc\\\"Because 1 atte\u00fftlo\u00ffv even though We had a good (surprising contrast) duY\u00cd\u00ffo\u00a1 -physics lessors! until (time) time You can stay here We can also use certain prepositions and prepositional phrases as linking words.These words are always followed by a noun. clause preposition noun \u00ff the rain. We went home because of (reason) your help. Until can be used as a conjunction the bad weather. 1 passed the exam thanks to (positive the meal. or a preposition. Till is an informal The roads were Monday. form of until. We usually only use it closed reason) the bad weather. in spoken English. The phone rang Australia. You can keep it till Igo back to school. due to (negative the end of the lesson. (conjunction) 1 need your answer We stayed tillmidnight. reason) We'll stay here (preposition) He's been to every during (time -'in the continent middle of') You can stay here by (time -'before') despite (contrast - contradiction) except (contrast - exception) until (time) Circle the correct options. O5 Because \/ Even though he's 85 he goes swimming every day. We did the crossword while \/ till we were waiting 6 The performance was cancelled thanks to \/ due to for you. We had nothing else to do. I need to go to library so \/ when I'll see you in illness. 7 He went to school every day despite \/ due to twenty minutes. terrible toothache. I like all the colours in the rainbow because of\/ except yellow. I hate yellow! 8 We were late for the concert despite \/ because of After the accident he made a quick recovery the traffic. thanks to \/ due to the support of all his friends. I'll be here until \/ during half past ten. 9 Dad works during \/while the night. 10 We're hoping to finish it until\/ by half past four. 154 Linking words","As and like what's that on your head? it looks like a jumper! As and like can be used as prepositions and conjunctions. Q it Is ajumper. I'm, utslng it as a hat. I'm. very We use as as a preposition to talk about someone cold. or something's job or function. He works as a taxidriver. Wait a minute ... it Iooks like m\u00bf\/ju.mper! You could use this bag as a hat. Q well, as isaid, Iam very cold ... We use like as a preposition to talk about -n\/io similarity. Ican't believe it's the summer! Itfeels like winter! He was a scientist, like his father. We also use like to introduce examples. We saw lots of insects, like bees and butterflies. We use as as a conjunction with clauses about speaking and knowing. As you know, the school will be closed on Wednesday. It was Tom's idea, as I've already toldyou. Complete the sentences with as or like. \u00a1i- 4 Circle one option in each line then finish the \u00ff Let's use this shirt as a flag. sentences so they are true for you. What's that noise? It sounds thunder. \u00ff I'm excited \/ hungry \/ thirsty \/ tired because I haven't had a driv\u00ffk siwe elflht o'clock this This animal has a very long neck, a bit _ a giraffe. _ I said yesterday, it's not for sale. _He's got a job 1 I'm excited \/ hungry\/ thirsty \/ tired because a shop assistant. _2 I sometimes _ a parent, you need to be very patient. while I'm coming to _ most people, she likes being with school \/ going home from school \/ watching TV. her friends. 3 I like all kinds of food \/ music \/ films except S3 O26.1 Match a-i to 1-8 and add as or like. O __Then listen and check. 4 I can speak English \/ playfootball \/ write stories and 5 My mother \/ father \/ uncle \/ aunt works as a 6 One of my friends \/ brothers \/ cousins looks like O1 Here's a photo of my uncle. He looks __2 I'd like to talk to you __3 The test was quite difficult, \u00ff She worked as _0_ 4 He'd like to get a job 5 She sings beautifully,__15 Work in groups. Compare your sentences from exercise 4. __6 We used a sharp stone _ _7 Let's get her some flowers, Cm thirsty because Ihaven't had a 8 This perfume smells __ driven siv\u00ffce eight o'clock this mom. a a bird. Listen! b a friend. Is that OK? c flowers and vanilla. It's very nice. d a businessman, but he's actually an artist. e a knife. It worked very well. f roses or tulips. g a nurse in the nineties. h a tour guide next summer. i I expected. Unit 26 155","::;6 \u00a926.2 Work in teams. Complete the sentences using words from the boxes. \u00a9Then listen and check. Which team has the most correct answers? Natural World Quizweapon propeller leg meat insects plants Antarctica Australia herbivores omnivores carnivores hunting winter spring they're 10 they're 20 they're 50 deforestation Asia South America they're 100 they're 150 overfishing day night North America Europe summer winter Mosr birds migrare during rhe . Some lizards use rheir rail os a A fish uses irs roil os o - During the Ice Age (20,000 yeors ago), horses lived __on every conrinenr except __There ore deserts in every conrinenr excepr Spiders live in every conrinenr excepr Chickens ofren live unril _ Some birds hove become exrincr because of Some rigers have become exrincr due ro _Rhinos ofren live unril _Gianr rorroises live unril Some sharks may soon become exrincr due ro _ ear mear and planrs. Turtles hibernare during rhe Despire rheir long reerh, hippos don'r ear Even rhough rhey're plonrs, Venus Flyrraps are Complete the text with six of the linking words in O%8 Write a short text to answer the questions below. Use ideas from exercises 7 and 8 * the box. and your own ideas. Use linking words where possible. and and as because during except Many species of animals face the possibility of like due to while so thanks to extinction in the future. Why is this? Which animals would you most like to save? Why? _Some species of plants \u00ff and animals s face the -possibility of have already become extinct 1 human activity, 2_ other species face ext\u00edi\u00ffct\u00edo\u00ff u the future because humans ... the possibility of extinction in the future. Self-evaluation Rate your progress. Extinctioncan happen 3_ people hunt and killtoo many animals of one species. uu\u00ff Inother cases, people damage the animals' habitat, 4_ the animals lose their homes and food. Organizations 5_ the World Wildlife Fund help to preserve animals in danger of extinction. 6_ their help, many animals have been saved. 156 Linking words","Present and past simple passive I can use the passive to talk about processes, systems and past events. Active or passive? A lot of Tshirts are printed with ain*.ages by famous artists, you \\\\zww.y { what about the o\\\\\u00ffe that you're wearlv\u00ff? \u00ffAh, this o\u00ffe was designed by vue\\\\ <Srt\u00a17 v\\\\ Most English sentences are active. In active sentences, Subject Verb By + agent Other is drunk information the focus is on the person or thing which is doing the Tea by people in many action-.When the subject is doingthe action-,we call it countries. the agent. Subject Verb Object Other We often use the passive when we don't know the (agent) information agent, or when it isn't necessary to state the agent. drink tea Oranges are grown in Spain. People in many countries. For this reason, we often use the passive to describe processes, systems, and events in the news. The emphasis changes in passive sentences; the The seeds are removedfrom the fruit, then the fruit is subject of the sentence is not the agent. We don't driedin the sun. always include the agent. The new cinema was openedyesterday. Subject Verb 1Other information The passive is more impersonal than the active because it focuses on the action rather than the Tea is drunk in many countries. person or people doing the action. For this reason we often use the passive in more formal speech We can introduce the agent using by. But we use and writing. the passive because the most important thing in the sentence is not the agent. This chair was made by a young carpenter. * 1 Are these sentences active (A) or passive (P)? O \u00ff The tower was built in 1703. p 4 The painting was stolen. Unit 27 157 \u00ff They built the tower in 1703. A 5 Class 4 is taught by Miss Brown. 6 Miss Brown teaches Class 4. _1 Where do people grow lemons? 7 Who was it made by? 2 Where are lemons grown? _ 8 Who made it? 3 Two men stole the painting. _","Present simple passive Work in pairs. Cover the sentences in exercise 2. Look at the pictures. Can you We often use the present simple passive to talk about systems and processes, where the actions are remember all the sentences? more important than the people who are performing them. OComplete the sentences with the verb in brackets The water is tested every day, and the results are sent in the present simple passive. to a laboratory for analysis. Yogurt is n\u00ffade _ from milk, (make) We form all passives with the auxiliary verb be and _The ice \u2014 into small pieces, (break) a past participle. In the present simple passive, be is _The apples in the present simple. _ in the autumn, (pick) __The floors _ every day. (not\/clean) Fresh bread is soldhere. I'm not told all the details. I to go to every meeting. 'Are the bins emptiedevery day?' 'Yes, they are.' _(not\/expect) a lot of homework, (give) O27.1 Match the present simple passive Martin verbs to the sentences. Then listen and check. _6 You _ downstairs, (need) 7 The information _ for ever, (not are checked is unloaded is sorted keep) Ois attached is collected are loaded 8 All the exam results by the head What happens to your luggage when you travel by plane? Here's how the system works. teacher, (see) \u00bf 5 Complete the text with the correct verbs in the present simple passive. throw sort wash crush take melt make How is glass recycled? _Bottles and other glass items are thrown into recycling bins.The items 1 _from the recycling bin to a glass treatment plant.They 2 by colour -green, white and brown. They 3_ so that the glass _is completely clean.The glass 4 into small pieces. _It 5_ at a high temperature. Then it 6 into new bottles and jars. \/ =:\u2022 6 Complete the questions with is or are. What are oId bottles and glass items thrown into? A special tag \u00ff is, attacked to every piece of Where _ they taken to? _luggage at Departures. All the bags and suitcases How _ the bottles and glass items sorted? 1 by a machine.The luggage __ the glass washed or broken first? 2_ and loaded onto a cart for the What the old glass made into? _flight. All the bags and suitcases for the flight Work in pairs. Cover exercise 5. Ask and answer the questions in exercise 6. 3 onto the aeroplane.The luggage 4_ at Arrivals. It 5_ what are old bottles a\u00ffd , from the carousel by the passengers. glass \u00edtems thrown Uto? 158 Present and past simple passive","Past simple passive * 9 Complete the sentences with the verb in brackets Some old coins were foundina field near here. in the past simple active or passive. Mysister was interviewedon TV. \u00ff Everyone was \u00bf\u00faven a present, (give) \u00ff Charlie jell_ off his bike, (fall) In the past simple passive, be is in the past simple. 1 Linda and Amy _ to leave by the The painting was stolen. We weren't invited. _teacher, (ask) 300 years ago. 'Were these photos taken byyour uncle?' 'Yes, they were.' 2 That tower When we use adverbs of time with the passive,we put (first\/build) by the police, (not\/stop) them between be and the past participle. anything about it. (not\/tell) T-shirts were :rst worn in the 19th century. _3 We Thisjob was usually done by a man. _4 I 20 minutes ago. (arrive) _ _5 Ted _ behind the tree, (hide) o8 27.2 Read the conversation and circle the _6 The bag _ here, (not\/make) _7 These tables Ocorrect answers. Then listen and check. __8 All the letters a week ago. Sam: What's all that stuff? (definitely\/post) _9 It _ yesterday, (not\/deliver) 10 Computers _ 200 years ago. (not\/exist) Ted: I \u00ff gave \/ was given this old box that no Use the prompts to write past simple passive 'belonged \/ was belonged to my great\u00ac grandfather. He 2was \/ was been a questions. photographer. \u00ff When and where\/bicycles\/first\/ride? Sam: Wow. What kind of photos 3did he take \/ was he taken? When and where were bi&ycles -first ridden ? Ted: He was a journalist, so he \\\"often sent \/ _1 In which decade\/DVDs\/invent? ? In which decade was often sent to different countries and 2 Where\/violins\/first\/make? he *5-took + Where _ ? \/ was taken all kinds of photos. _3 In which century\/the first newspaper\/print? A lot of his professional photos In which century ? 6sold \/ were sold by one of my aunts 4 Where\/football\/first\/play? last year, but this box 7kept \/ was kept Where _ ? in the family because the pictures are _5 In which century\/ice-cream\/first\/eat? In which century more personal. ? Sam: Oh, right. 6 Where\/coffee\/first\/drink? Ted: Look at these photos. I'm pretty sure Where _ ? they 8took \/ were taken in Japan. He 9loved \/ was loved Japan, and he Work in groups. How many of the 10offered \/ was offered a good job there, questions in exercise 10 can you answer? but he didn't take it. I don't know why. Check the answers on page 187. whei-v a*A where were bicycles first ridden? i have v\u00ffo ideal i tl\u00fafvte Itwas It-v the i\u00ffli\u00ffeteei\u00ffth century, but I dov\u00ff't tei\/uow where. Unit 27 159","*12 Work in pairs. Student A go to page 182. Student *13 Complete the passive sentences so that they mean B complete the sentences below.Then check your Othe same as the active sentences. Use by+ agent. answers with Student A. \u00ff A fashion designer designs a new line of clothes. The water is checked A new line of clothes is designed buj a fashion v_every two hours. s designer. \u00ff Someone checks the water every two hours. __1 Factory workers make the new line of clothes. The new 31 We make allour \u00ff 2 Lorry drivers transport the finished clothes to the biscuits byband. shops. 1 All our biscuits by hand. _The finished clothes A woman was arrested at three __3 Shop workers unpack the delivery. o'clock in the morning. The _2 The police her at three o'clock __4 Customers buy the clothes. The this morning. __5 The customers wear the clothes. Tot=il : t'\u00faib .db The Julia served you today. *14 Rewrite the text using the present and past Thank you! simple passive. 3 You by Julia today. We hope you People all around the world use umbrellas. Someone invented the basic umbrella over enjoyed your meal! 4-000 years ago. We see umbrellas in ancient art from Greece, Egypt, Assyria and China. People designed the first umbrellas for protection from the sun. People didn't use umbrellas in Europe until the 18th century. Passengers leave about 80,000 umbrellas on the London Underground every year. w.m,brellns are used by -peo-pie all around the world. The basic umbrella ... ff\\\\W out r*15 Write about the everyday objects below using the present and past simple caught locoS passive. Answer the questions. 4 They all the fish locally. T-shirts Who wears them? What are they made of? 0 0 What designs are printed on them? 0 Find out: When were they first worn? men \u00ed\u00ed Tea bags bw\u00e1\u00e9irm m 199 Where are they produced? Who uses them? How do people use them? 0 Find out: What's the history of tea bags? 5 This building in 1996. Toothbrushes Who uses them? What are they made of? How do electric toothbrushes work? Find out: When were they first invented? 160 Present and past simple passive","*16 Complete the quiz questions with the phrases below. first played mostly made built where was where were usually seen when were where is oranges grown invented by coffee produced World Knowledge Quiz \u00ff where were the first Akan spoken ? _0 In which century was this bridge? o Kenya _ in Venice, Italy _Olympic Gomes held? _b Ghana _a the sixteenth o Mexico _c Nigeria b the tenth _ b Greece \u2014 5 Where ore most of the world's c the nineteenth c France _ _? _9 Who were fireworks _o Brazil _a the Brirish Where was chess _b The USA _b the Australians _p c Spain _ c the Chinese _ _a India 6 Where is most of the world's 10 _ the first b Scotland _ _o Colombia skyscraper built? c China _ _b Kenya _ \u2014a Japan 2 What is gloss c Brazil b The USA _ of? 7 About how for above Earth c Canada _ a silica _ _ore meteors, or shooting stars' _b latex } _c oil a 10km _ denim jeans _b 100km _ fewsra? c 1000km a the 18th century b the 19th century c the 20th century J P j:|:17 O 27.3 Answer the quiz questions in teams. OThen listen and check your answers. Self-evaluation Rate your progress. & && y, y, & 1 2 3 4 5 where were the first 6 Olympic Games held? 7 a Mexico _ 8 _b Greece 9 c France 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unit 27 161","Future simple passive and might I can talk about possible and certain future events in the passive. Future simple passive * 1 \u00a928.1 Listen and number the pictures from 1-6. f~~\u00ff) what will happen to the old cintv\u00ffa UV0W? O it'llprobably be knocked down. oCm, not so sure. A lot of -people like that old building. Ithink, it might be saved. Q i hope so. _ _3 It _4 It _ Complete the sentences with the future simple passiveo\u00ed the verbs inbrackets.Then matchthe .sentences to the pictures in exercise 1 We use the future simple passive to predict what will happen to something or someone, or to make a \u00ff They 'LI be washed .(wash) a promise. _1 He J It will be delivered on Tuesday. (interview) You'll probably be askedagain. _ .. _2 It (borrow) We form the future simple passive with will be and the past participle. in a cup of hot water, (put) This door will be moved. You won't be askedany questions. into pieces, (cut) 'Willit be fixed soon?' 'Yes, it will.' _5 They _6 It As with all passives, we can add by + agent to say who (iron) will do the action. This afternoonyou will be taught by Mr Smith. .. (read) We use with + instrument, ingredient or material to 7 They again, (wear) say what the agent will use. The cake will be cut with a silver knife. _8 He _..(photograph) _9 It We can add the adverbs definitely and probably to to the library, (returned) future simple passive sentences to express different 10 They (peel) - degrees of certainty. _11 It _ in the bin. (throw) _ We place the adverb between will and be but before 12 It -- _intoa dress,(make) won't be. O* 3 Complete the sentences with by or with. It'lldefinitely\/probably be moved. \u00ff The car will be attached to the truck with They definitely\/probably won't be given any help. _a special chain. a famous artist. 162 Future simple passive and might 1 His portrait will be painted 2 Each certificate will be tied _ a red ribbon. 3 The room will be decorated _ balloons. 4 The biscuits will be covered _ pink icing. 5 The programme will be watched -millions of people around the world. 6 The final decision will be made _ the editor.","* 4 Future simple passive or active? Circle the correecut Read the email from Cathy, then complete the formal letter that Cathy's dad received. answer. \/ O\u00ff All the doors will paint \/ will be painted blue. Use the future simple passive and the 1 Look, those flowers will open \/ will be opened information from the email. tomorrow. O uO 2 The new road will finish \/ will be finished soon. Date: 16 March 3 I'm very sorry. You won't disturb \/ be disturbed Subject: Exciting news! again. 4 The medicine will work \/ will be worked soon. Hi Louise 5 He will remember \/ will be remembered for Can you believe this? My dad has won an all-inclusive luxury city break for our family hundreds of years into the future. in a competition. But it's a mystery tour! 6 Don't worry, you'll tell \/ 'II be told what to do and Someone will tell us the destination when where to go. we get to the airport. *5 Add the adverbs in brackets to the correct place We'll fly to the mystery destination and in the sentences. someone will meet us at the airport. They'll show us around the city and then they'll \u00ff You won't be told the results today, (probably) take us to our hotel. Someone will unpack our bags and then we'll go to the restaurant 1 They'll be given a prize, (definitely) where they'll serve us a five-course meal. 2 It'll be kept here for 24 hours, (probably) That's all we know at the moment! I'll send 3 I'll be invited, (definitely) you a postcard! 4 It won't be finished today, (probably) Cathy 5 You won't be asked again, (definitely) 6 They won't be needed, (probably) March * 6 Complete the passive sentences so that they r>ear Mr North mean the same as the active sentences. Congratulations! you and ijour family have won a\\\\A. aIX-Inclusive \u00ff We won't give your details to anyone else. luxury city br\u00e9ate to a m,ystery city! Your details won't be a\u00bfven to anyone else. Com\u00bf to city Airport (with ijour 1 We will contact you again in the autumn. o\\\\\u00ff\u00b1y-A-prll, and the You _ us again in the mystery destination will be revealed to you! autumn. you will fly to the mystery destination and at that airport you 2 We definitely won't keep this information on our computer. will be... This information _ on our computer. 3 They probably won't build the new road in the next five years. The new road _ in the next five years. 4 Local people will probably use the new sports centre. The new sports centre _ local people. 5 They probably won't build the houses with environmentally-friendly materials. The houses _ environmentally-friendly materials. Unit 28 163","Passive with might We form the future passive with might be instead of will be when we are not so certain about a future action or event. You might be askeda few questions at the police station. You might notbe given a certificate, I'mafraid. In informal speech we often use get instead of be in \u00ff Someone might put it in the bin. passive sentences. The bikegot damaged in the accident. __It mXflkt #et put inthe bin . You might get invitedto the party. 4 Someone might burn it. We also often use get with might when we talk It about possible unexpected or unplanned events in the future, and particularly to talk about accidents. 5 Someone might recycle it. Be carefulon the golf course. You mightget hit by a golf ball! __It __6 Someone might use it to clean the floor. It no Complete the warnings. Use might get and the correct form of a verb from the box. * 8 O 28.2 Complete the sentences with the words bite burn damage infect splash sting strike below.Then listen, check and repeat. get not might Omet taken used asked \u00ff Don't go too near the water. You mi\u00ffht c\\\\et We m.iaht _be given some books. .s-plasheri as a bag. It might be to give a speech. __1 Don't go near that snake. You He might be 2 Don't drop it! It You might not be at the airport. Thpy might gpt \u00ff l(Vteve tee boxesaway itemthe fire-.They \u00ffhp might nnt It might tn a restaurant. _4 Keep away from that jellyfish. You offered the job. 5 Don't visit that website. Your computer be announced today. __ by a virus. * S Complete the passive sentence so that it means 6 Don't go outside in a storm. You the same as the active sentence. Use might be in by lightning. 1-3 and mightget in 4-6. m Work in a group.Take turns to talk about J your plans.The others think of good and bad things that might happen.Are you optimists or pessimists? kU, qoIng to -piay football. you. vu\u00edqV\u00ed10et hit by the ball. you. might be chosen to -play for the nationalteam-! \u00ff Someone might boil them. They might be boiled 1 Someone might fry them. __They 2 Someone might scramble them. They __3 Someone might paint them and use them as decorations. They 164 Future simple passive and might","*12 O 28.3 Listen to three people playing a game. Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Circle A (I agree) or Which object is the girl thinking of? D (I disagree), then talk in groups. r1 Rre you an optimist or a pessimist? I'll probably get struck by lightning fl\/D one day. I'll definitely be offered a place at R\/D college or university. I'll probably never get stung by a R\/D jellyfish. 1 might get stung by a bee. R\/D 1 might be asked to appear in a film R\/D in the next five years. I'll probably be elected as a politician R\/D one day. I'll definitely be chosen to represent my fl\/D country as a sportsperson before I'm 25. i tl\u00fante I'llprobably get stmcf\u00f3 by L\u00cdQhtv\u00fawg will ever happen to m,e. 6 Self-evaluation Rate your progress. i;13 What is it? Play the game in small groups. u\u00ff u Use the verbs below. Can the others Unit 28 165 guess the object? burn break paint clean mend catch eat use as a (+ noun) move recycle put used {to + infinitive) throw tie wash give climb paint kick make into sth cook wear it definitely won't be sat on. is It number 11, the broken chair? yes!","Hovesomething done I can use have something done to talk about services provided by professionals. Have something done is a special passive structure which \u00bf3) you. them yourself? we use when we arrange - and usually pay - for somebody O No, i had them -painted At a shop to do a specific job for us. llA- tOWUV She hadher nailspainted. (= She paid someone to paint her nails.) \u00bf3) \\\"&ut what about the avails ov\u00ff the We can use have something done in different tenses and other hai\u00ffd? with different modal verbs. Only have changes. Are you havingyour hair cut? Qok I'm. 0oIia\u00bf) to have them dov\u00ffe Iwon't have my eyes tested today. i\/vext weete. ( didn't have euvough past participle mo\u00ffey to have them dov\u00ffe today ! Subject have object He has his bike checked once a year. They 're having their car repaired at the moment. We had the house painted last year. She 's had her hair washed. You can have your eyes tested here. might 1 cuthave ttomorryo\/n\u00bbw* i. my% 0 1\u00bb\u00bb nair * 1 What can you do at the shopping centre? Match 1-5 to a-f. 0\u00ff You can have your nails painted. 3 You can have a spare key cut. [~~| 1 You can have a T-shirt printed. \u00ff 4 You can have Vour Photo taken- \u00ff 2 You can have your computer fixed. [ 5 You can have your shoes mended. |3 a & ra f E n m 166 Hove something done",".\u00a9O2 29.1 Listen to the sentences and answer Othe question about pronunciation.Then listen 15 O29.2 Now listen to Ryan's story and check the r order of the pictures. again and repeat. 1 Have you had your hair cut? \u00cd6 Write the sentences. O 2 I've had my shoes polished. 3 She's having her eyes tested. \u00ff x-rayed\/I\/it\/had 4 I might have my feet measured. I had it x-rayed. 1 have to\/them\/tested\/I\/have In sentences with hove something done which 2 by\/I\/it\/had\/bandaged\/a nurse word do we usually stress? 3 repaired\/having\/tomorrow\/I'm\/it a have _ 4 cut and styled\/it\/I'd\/in a new way\/had 5 them\/hadn't had\/forages\/I\/measured _b the object (your hair, my shoes, her eyes, my feet) c the past participle (cut, polished, tested, measured) _ 3 Look at the signs in exercise 1but cover the sentences 1-5. How many of the sentences can Work in pairs.Think about Ryan's story. What do it and them refer to in each sentence in exercise 6? you remember? You can have your naiIs \u00ff\u00a1ainted. ( had it x-rayed, 'it' Is his amt. you cat*, have ... He had his at-mx-rayed. $4 Work in pairs. What's happening in each OComplete the second sentence so that it means picture? What order (1-6) do you think the same as the first. Use have something done the pictures go in? and include the word in brackets. \u00ff We had to pav someone to cut a spare kev for * \u00bbr N- Iiw V4 V KS Vy W V \u00abSXS IIIV- \\\\\/ IIV. W V. V* V V4 JK\/ Ul I\\\\ N\u2014 V I\\\\\/ us last week, (have) We had to have a s-pare teey cut last week. 1 Someone is cleaning the windows today. We _ today, ('re) 2 When did someone last cut your hair? When _ ? (did) _3 Nobody has ever taken our photo at school. We've at school, (never) 4 I might pay for someone to print her name on this plate. I_ on this plate, (have) _5 Do you like people washing your hair? Do you ? (like) 6 They're going to deliver a pizza to his house _this evening. this evening. He (delivered) He's haviv\u00ffg his feet measured in-picture c and that's definitely the -first -picture because he hasn't had his hair cut yet. i thl\u00fffe the next -picture Is ... Unit 29 167","i9 Work in small groups. Read the instructions and play the game. Instructions ( K-Have you ever had a narv\u00ff or leg x-rayed? J) You need a counter (or coin) for each player. Place your yes, ( have, i had Ieg x-rayed counters on different coloured squares on the board. when i brofee ittwo ijears\u00ffago. Take turns to move one square and ask someone a Jf r\u00fad you see the x-ray -photo? question using the prompt on the square and one of f yes, I did\u00ff\\\\ the question phrases in the middle, of the board. Ask one or two more questions to get more information. your your your Ifone of your hair\/ portrait\/ bedroom\/ cut in a decorate hair\/cut your arms paint or legs\/x-ray new style your Question phrases your English\/ correct How often do you have ...? 9 photo\/ take y How many times have you had in thi\u00a7 tewrt? at school your shoes\/ Have you ever had ...? your nails\/ When did you last have ...? paint I Jpolish Do you like having ...? a pizza\/ your hair\/ Would you like to have ...? colour deliver Where's a geed ptete have Are you going to ... soon? your feet\/ your photo\/ your eyes\/ your teeth\/ measure take test x-ray no f Write eight questions using the ideas from Self-evaluation Rate your progress. the game. Then write your answers to the questions. How often do you have a pizza delivered? we hardly ever have a -pizza delivered but we som\u00abetimes have fried seafood and spicy noodles delivered. There's a really good place near us that does deliveries. Have you ever had a tooth tafeen out? No, I've never had a tooth tafeen out and hope I never have to have it done! 168 Hove something done","Units 25-29 Exam preparation Reading Look at the text in each question. What does it say? Tick \u00ff A, B or C. Hi Ed T-shirt printing You might not recognize me when New! you see me - Ihad my hair cut on Monday! PHOTO -\u00bb T-SHIRT Milly Your T-shirt will be transformed! \u00ff A Milly might goto the hairdresser's 2-hour service tomorrow. 3 A _! You can have a photo printed onto a T-shirt. 0B Milly's hair is shorter now. B YourT-shirt might be printed in two hours. C Milly cut her hair herself. C You can print a photo onto a T-shirt 00 yourself. IMsswiffiffifflg pmlw&s MiKe \u00a9\u00a1perne\u00e9 hf Qmm.Ca&erl\u00edi\u00a9 II Vo\\\\it forget to put 6m cream on\u00ff when you qo +\u00bf> the beach. Tne \u00f3i\/n \u00e9 m 16Nwate2\u00ae r\u00e9\u00e1ily \u00e9tfS'\u00fc\u00a7 rSb-) M \u00ff 0 MiM 1 A Queen Catherine had the swimming pool ?5 \/\u00ffMember what the doctor opened. tO\\\\\u00bf yOV! B Queen Catherine opened the swimming pool. 4 Mike's mum C Queen Catherine will open the swimming A J thinks Mike might get sunburnt. pool. B got sunburnt at the beach. C was told by the doctor to use sun cream. i>v tfluA' tjtops Iwon't be at your house until OJI& bxyuil-modU' aponldMy about six because I'm going into town to have my nails painted. uJ)u> OJI& \u00ffold Oj QoMo OJyuHLyJt Mandy o cu-onks. 5 A Mandy's nails will be painted by her friend 2 A Beth Smith makes all the clothes. in town. B The clothing workers don't get a fair amount of money for their work. B Mandy will paint her nails this afternoon. C Beth Smith sells clothes that were made by C Mandy has planned to pay someone to fairly-paid workers. paint her nails. Exam preparation Units 25-29 169","Look at the sentences below about coal and diamonds. Read the text to decide if the sentences are true or false. \u00ff Most diamonds aren't used injewellery, true \/false 1 There are diamond mines and coal mines in India, true \/false 2 26,000kg of diamond ore is extracted from the ground every year, true \/ false 3 Diamond miners use X-ray light to identify diamonds in diamond ore. true \/ false 4 More coal than any other fuel is burnt to generate electricity, true \/ false 5 Diamonds are formed from coal, true \/ false 6 Coal and diamonds both contain the element carbon, true \/false 7 The arrangement of carbon atoms is the same in coal and diamonds, true \/ false 8 Volcanic eruptions often throw out diamonds, true \/false 9 Very high temperatures are needed for coal to form, true \/false 10 Fossil fuels are formed from carbon and ancient organic material, true \/ false Diamonds and coal Are diamonds formed from coal? Diamonds Inthe past, people believed that diamonds were formed from coal. Geologists now say that this isn't Diamond is a very hard and pure substance. Only 20% of diamonds are used injewellery. The other true. 80% are used in industry for cutting and other purposes. The element carbon is found in both coal and diamonds, but the carbon atoms are arranged Most diamonds are mined in Central and Southern differently in coal and diamonds. Africa, Canada, India, Russia, Brazil and Australia. Also, although it takes millions of years for coal and 26.000 diamonds mined .About diamond to form, they are formed in different ways. kg of are everv year. A V\u00bbV MV J W V V V4\u00bb V * *\u00ab\u2022( VM V J> V V\u00bb\u00bb How are diamonds and coal formed? Diamond ore - rock which contains diamonds - is Diamonds were termed over millions ot years taken from the ground. The diamonds are identified deep below the surface of the Earth, at very high temperatures and at very high pressure. They were in the ore with X-ray light. Finally, the ore is then thrown out onto the surface of the Earth by volcanic eruptions. At that time, the Earth was crushed to reveal the precious stones. hotter than it is today. Coal is a black rock which is burnt to produce Coal is formed over millions of years, by the energy for electricity. compression of layers of rock and mud. Like oil, it contains ancient organic material from plants and More than five billion tons of coal are mined each animals as well as carbon. For this reason coal is year. There are coal mines in China, the USA, India. often referred to as a 'fossil fuel'. Australia, Russia and many other countries. Coal is the largest source of energy ' for electricity in the world. 170 Revision 8 Exam preparation","3 Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space. Write A, B, C or D. Robots - past, present and future \u00ff A creates B created C is created D was created _ASIMO is a robot with a human appearance which can 1 A to B with C by D at run and walk. It \u00ff in 2000 1 engineers at the 2 A uses B is used C used Japanese company Honda. D was used _At the moment, ASIMO 2_ to teach young people about 3 A will help B is helped maths and science. In the future, it 3 people who have C will be helped D was helped problems with movement. 4 A is drawn B was drawn C draws In 1495, Leonardo da Vinci first 4_ plans for a robot D drew __ _that looked like a person. But it wasn't until the 1950s that 5 A first B was first C first was D first is the first piece of robotic technology 5 produced. In the 6 A design B designed USA, George Devol and Joe Engleberger 6-a robot C are designed D were designed arm, which was 7_ in a car factory. 7 A used B use C using From then on, more efficient robots and robotics 8_ , D be used thanks to the development of computer technology. 8 A might invent B invented These days, robots do jobs in places where a human C might be invented D were invented might 9 For example, they 10_ in places like nuclear power stations, in outer space and deep under 9 A get hurt B have something hurt the sea. C hurt D will be hurt _What jobs 11 by robots in the future? 10 A have something used B used C use D are used Scientists are developing robots which work with other 11 A will do B will be done _robots or with humans to solve complex problems. Will C might do D are done 12 replaced by robots like ASIMO completely? 12 A humans be ever B humans ever be C ever be humans D ever humans be Writing Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as 5 This is part of a an email you receive the first. Use no more than three words. from an English friend. _\u00ff HeidiTaylor designed the Atlas Hotel in 1976. The Atlas Hotel was designed by HeidiTaylor in r 1976. Which building in your town or _1 Many people visit the hotel caf\u00e9 every day. city do you like best? What is the The hotel caf\u00e9 by many people building used for? When was it every day. built? What will happen to it in the 2 Gardeners established the rose gardens in 1981. future? The rose gardens _ in 1981. 3 Many couples pay people to film their weddings at the hotel. _Many couples have at the hotel. Are there any buildings that you 4 HeidiTaylor is paying someone to write a book about the don't like? What are they used for? _hotel. book written about the When were they built? What will Heidi Taylor happen to them in the future? hotel. 5 Ed Tims might use the hotel as a location for his next film. J The hotel _ by Ed Tims as a location Write an email, answering your friend's questions. for his next film. 6 Someone will give you the key to your room. You _ the key to your room. Exam preparation Units 25-29 171","Listening AT\u00aeO R8.2 You will hear a museum tour guide talking to O R8.1 You will hear a head teacher a group of visitors. Complete the information. Use one word in each space. welcoming pupils back to school. THE MUSEUM OF FILM OFor each question, choose the correct FACTS answer A, B or C. The Museum of Filmwas \u00ff opened in1989 How many new classrooms were built by Prince Leo. during the summer holidays? The museum is funded by the 1_ A 0 Two. and donations from the public. B \u00ff Three. _Anna Lake'sfilm Open Door was madewhen C \u00ff Four. she was a 2 inResidence here. What happened to C Block? TODAY 11a.m: Talk by Jim Bennett: The way 13_ it A \u00a1 Someone broke two windows. WAX MODEL COLLECTION B Someone stole money from a classroom. Have your 4_ taken with your favourite 'star'! C Someone damaged some computer equipment. BE A DIRECTOR INTHE STUDIO FOR FIVE MINUTES! What will happen at the swimming pool next week? All the mini films will be s_ on the screen inthe caf\u00e9. A J The roof will be finished. Your 'mini'film 6_ be chosen to B Everyone in the school will have a be included in the People's Film Project. swimming lesson there. NEW! THE REAL THING C Someone will fill the pool with COLLECTION water. See 7_ and accessories which What will be announced on Friday? A The title for the new writing were used in famous films. competition-. NOTE: Cinema 21will be closed from 10 a.m.until12p.m. B ] The winners of the Short Story today while a new 8_ is installed. Competition. C The prizes for the next writing mm 1 1\u00ff competition. Speaking Pupils who entered the Short Story 8 Work in pairs. Look at these photographs of people using professional services. Take turns to talk about competition what you can see in your pictures. A might have their story printed in > the school magazine. B will have their story printed in the school magazine. C have had their story printed in the school magazine. What will the school nurse be checking? A ~\\\\ The pupils'ears. B _J The pupils'eyes. C H] The pupils' hearts. Why does the headmaster ask the pupils to bring plastic bottles to school? A J They are recycled at school. B They are needed for science lessons. C The school is given money for them by the recycling centre. 172 Revision 8 Exam preparation","Phrasal verbs I can recognize and use some common phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb has two parts - a verb and an adverb. fwhat's on? Some of these adverbs look the same as prepositions. Phrasal verbs are usually more informal than a one- <\u00c9\u00c9\u00cd\\\"They're tatelt-vg all the furniture awau. word verb. The most common adverbs in phrasal verbs are up, down, out, on and off. Some phrasal vevte dorft hmanobject. The phrasal verb often has a completely different What time didyou get up? (= get out of bed) meaning from the verb by itself. The plane took off. (= started flying) turn = change direction; turn up = make louder Can you turn the music up?Ican't hear it. Some phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. We need to get on the train now. (= enter) give = pass to another person; give up = stop trying Henryand Iget on well but his brother and Idon't get on at all. (=have a good\/bad relationship with The puzzle was very difficult so he soon gave up. put= place something;put out= extinguish someone) Didyou put the candles out or are they still burning? Sometimes the adverb doesn't change the meaning of the phrasal verb much. Imust give this jacket back to Edward. Can you turn round,please? Ineed to put this suitcase down. When a phrasal verb has an object, it can go before or after the adverb. Switch the light on\/Switch on the light. Take your shoes off.\/Take offyour shoes. However, when we use a pronoun it always goes BEFORE the adverb. Switch it on. Switch on it, Take them off. Take off them. OMatch these common phrasal verbs with the *2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of correct meaning. Use a dictionary if necessary. phrasal verbs from exercise 1. \u00ff lookup __b_ \u00ff Hello! Do you want to cov\u00ffe in and have 1 wake up a coffee? 2 fill in _ _ _1 'What does this word mean?' 'Why don't you it in the dictionary?' 3 come in _ 2 'Where's the newspaper?' 'Oh I'm really sorry. I've _4 grow up _5 throw away __ it _ : 6 lookout _ 3 Dora at half past five this a be careful morning. b research (in a dictionary or book or on the internet) c complete (a form) 4 Have you the application form d put with the rubbish e change from baby to adult _yet? here but I moved to the city f stop sleeping 5I g enter when I was eighteen. 6 _ !There's a car coming! Unit 30 173","Phrasal verbs with get, give, go, put and take There are many phrasal verbs with the verbs get, give, go, put and take. get give go put take get up = get out of give up = stop go on = continue puf away = put in a take sth off= remove bed trying drawer or cupboard get off = leave a bus, give sth back = go on = happen (clothes) train or plane or return sth go out = stop put sth on = gain move from a seat or give sth in = burning (fire\/ (clothes or weight) take off = start flying bicycle submit take up sth = start (a get on with = give sth out = lights) putsth down = put hobby) relate to distribute sth on the floor\/ground get back = arrive go with = match puf out = extinguish take sth away = remove home (fire\/lights) to a different place We're getting off at the next stop. Hey!Give that back!It's mine! Can youput the plates away, please? 3 O30.1 Listen and number the pictures from 1-5. * 4 Add y&,give, 93,put atr\u00e1 take mthe carec\u00ed places te makegrcups df phrasalvetes. a suitcase dowcv up cyclic J) (Jtoflt cold food awa ofv two tellos \u00ff tatee (\u00ffyour clothes away\u00ff) (\u00fffire oudy our (The bootes out (\u00ffyour hoi-vceworte C\u00ffP inthe kuory\u00fatAg\u00ff) (\u00ffot\u00ff\/off\u00ff (\u00ffupdolt'vg som,ethli\u00ff bacte a boote that back late \u00ff o\u00ffv with your you borrowed classmates * 5 Circle the correct verbs. 6 He's put \/ taken on half a kilo since he came out of hospital. O\u00ff You can'put \/ get that box down here. 7 Hey! Go \/ Get off! I've just painted that chair! 1 Has their plane taken \/got off yet? 8 We were having dinner when suddenly the lights put \/ 2 What time did you get \/ give back last night? 3 That blue dress goes \/ gets really well with went out. your eyes. 9 They found a purse in the street so they gave \/ put it 4 Why have they taken \/ got the chairs away? in at the police station. 5 Igive \/get up! It's too difficult! 10 Hey! What's going \/ getting on here? 174 Phrasal verbs","6 O 30.2 Add the missing prepositions.Then listen % 9 Complete the questions with the correct form and check. today? O of phrasal verbs using a word from each box. \u00ff What time did you get up Add it or them where necessary. 1 Do these shoes go _ these trousers? fill give go grow look _ O3 Well, go 2 What's been going _ here? put take take take wake !What happened next? away back in on off 4 When you finish with that paint can you put it out up up up up _ ,please? 5 He should take _ a new hobby. _6 You get \u00ff What's a good sport for someone in their sixties well with Ed, don't you? _7 Could you give to tafee up_ ? these worksheets, please? \u00ff If you don't understand an English word, where 8 Do you want to take your coat _ ? do you Ioote. It up ? 9 Hey, that's mine! Give it _ ! 1 What time did you _ this morning? _10 Well? Do you want to keep trying or do you 2 If you borrow something, do you always give ? _remember to _ ? %7 Match a-j to 1-10. ? 3 Where did your grandparents 1 Are the boxes still outside? c\\\\ 4 What's _ outside at the moment? _2 Is Linda still wearing her hat? _3 Shall I stop? 5 When did you last a form? 4 Is the fire still burning? _ _6 When you go into someone's home do you keep your shoes on or do you ? _5 Shall I go on holding this plate? _6 Do you know the answer? 7 What do you get if you _ 111 7 Are you friends with Milly? _ from 444? 8 Have we still got Tom's DVDs? _ _8 If there's a fire in the kitchen what's the best _9 Is Catherine still on the bus? way to ? 10 Is the tent still in the garden? - Work in pairs. Discuss your answers to a No, we don't really get on. the questiens inexercise \u00a7\u2022. b No, you can put it down. What's a good sport for sow,eot-ve c No, she's taken it off. d No, go on. \u00ed-iA\/ 1heir sixties to ta\\\\zt up? e No, I give up. a good sport for everyokve. f No, I've put it away. g No, someone's taken them away. yes, auui how about golf? h No, I've given them back. Join with another pair to compare your answers. i No, she got off. j No, it's gone out. We thlkvte swlmmli\u00ff av\u00ffd golf are good sports for older people to tatee up. is Who can answer first? Work in small Self-evaluation Rate your progress. groups. Everyone closes their books except one person, who reads out sentences 1-10 from exercise 7. The first person to say the correct response wins a point. Are the boxes stilloutside? No, sokvteoi-ve's tafeen them, away. Unit 30 175","All units Exam preparation Reading Look at the text in each question. What does it say? Tick \u00ff A, B or C. H\\\\ We are abowt \u00ff0 The library r\u00bf*ng. They have yeoyle to coi\u00ffe tod\u00bf\\\\y, Wt \\\\V\\\\ere -f-he you ordered, b\u00a3\/-f are 0r\\\\ ly 20 cka\\\\r$. give \u00bf>nly KeeP i-t utttW yOvyr $\u20ac\u00a3*t to $o\u00ffeo\u00ff\u20ac wUo Wednesday. it I\u00ffore tk\u00bf*\u00ff yo\u00ff! (ZharWe TU\u00ffrvk$ \u00ff A Amanda must order the book before 3 A Everyone will be able to have a seat. B There are only a couple of seats. Wednesday. C There aren't enough seats for everyone to B 3 Amanda must go to the library by sit on. Wednesday. C Amanda can keep the library book until Wednesday. Max Hi Dad I've. ntcuiciqed to f\/Y the I'm on my way home now. I'm a bit late because the teacher said I compter so you don t need could help her in the school garden to do anything a-bout \/t. if Iwanted to. L\/nda. See you soon. 1 Linda Milly A wants Max to fix the computer. 4 The teacher B has had the computer fixed. A made Milly help her. C has fixed the computer herself. B \u00ff let Milly help her. Opening times C asked Milly to help her. fTlonday to UJednesday 8 a.m.-6 p.m. Thursday 1p.m.-9 p.m. Vou mustn' t enter unless Friday 9 a.m.-12 p.m. the lisht is sreen. Saturday and Sunday 9 a.m.-2 p.m. 5 A Only enter when the light is green. 2 A The shop is open every morning except B The door opens when the light is green. Friday morning. C You can't enter if the light is green. B The shop isn't open for as long on Saturdays as on Mondays. C The shop is open the longest on Thursdays. 176 Revision 9 Exam preparation","Look at the sentences below about rock and rock formations. Read the text to decide if the sentences are true or false. \u00ff Earth is formed of very few different kinds of rock, true \/false 1 Wind is an example of a surface process which has shaped the landscape, true \/ false 2 Tourists and photographers are attracted to rock formations which look like other things, true \/ false 3 The 'neck' of the Queen's Head in Taiwan is made of harder rock than the 'head', true \/ false 4 The stone columns that form the Giant's Causeway are all the same shape, true \/ false 5 Visitors mustn't walk on the Giant's Causeway, true \/ false 6 Wave Rock is on a beach in Australia, true \/false 7 It's about 110 metres from one end of Wave Rock to the other end. true \/false 8 Geologists think Wave Rock will break soon, true \/false 9 Walkers used to be able to walk under the Landscape Arch in Utah, USA. true \/ false 10 In 2008 a rock formation collapsed in a national park in Utah, USA, due to natural processes, true \/ false The surface of our planet is formed of many different kinds of rock. Over many years, geological movement and surface processes (like wind, water, ice, and fire) have formed this rock into different landscapes. Some individual rock formations are particularly Wave Rock, in the middle of the countryside in striking, especially if they resemble something like a Western Australia, was formed about 60 million years person or a building. These structures attract tourists ago. This multi-coloured structure is about 15 metres and photographers in great numbers. high and 110 metres long and has the appearance The Queen's Head in Taiwan is one such popular of a huge surf wave which is going to crash onto a beach at any moment. tourist attraction. It's kind of 'mushroom rock', which means that a piece of large hard rock sits on top of a How long will it be before these rock formations column of softer rock. The top rock looks like a head change again because of natural processes? It's and the column looks like a long thin neck. From already happening to some of them. The Landscape certain angles it has the appearance of a woman Arch is an 88-metre sandstone arch in a national with an elegant hairstyle. park in Utah, USA. Several pieces of rock have fallen In Northern Ireland, the Giant's Causeway is a large off the thinnest section of the arch in recent years, area on the coast that's formed of about 40,000 so the path which goes under it is now closed for stone columns. The columns have five, six or seven safety reasons. A similar rock formation in the same sides and fit together like pieces of a jigsaw or national park collapsed completely in 2008. mosaic. Visitors can walk across the 'steps' of the causeway to get to the sea. shI ape Fair5 o Exam preparation All units 177","d the text below and choose the correct word Writing ?ach space. 4 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three Self-esteem words. \u00ff You won't get better at tennis if you don't practise. You won't get better at tennis unless you firact\u00edse \u00ff B\u00bb agree that 1_ a good level of self- __esteem helps people to live more 2 What is self-esteem? _1 The French invented tennis. the French. Self-esteem is the opinion about Tennis yourself. 2 My brother is a better tennis player than me. I don't play tennis _ 4_ you have high self-esteem, does it my brother. _make you arrogant? 3 That tennis racket is so old. High self-esteem isn't about 5 that That's _ an old tennis you're better than everyone else. People racket! _with healthy self-esteem 6 believe that _they are as 7 as other people. 4 We can't play tennis because it's too dark. Why is self-esteem important? It's _ to play tennis. _5 I don't want you to hit the ball so hard. I'd rather the ball People with good self-esteem feel positive so hard. about life and they usually find it easy to 6 Frank's started playing tennis recently. 8_ on with other people. Frank's _ up tennis \u20149 you have good self-esteem, it's recently. difficult to take risks and make decisions. Your friend Brian is going to stay with a friend w .\u00ab \u00ab \u00ab\u00ab \u00ab y* in London next week.Write anemailto Brian. What are the signs of healthy self- In your email, you should esteem? People who have good self-esteem believe tell Brian what you will be doing while he's in London remind Brian to take his camera ask Brian to bring you something from London in 10 __Ifsomething is difficult they don't 11 _They 12 trying and they aren't afraid to ask for help if they need it. \u00ff Psychology B Psychologists Psychological D Psychologically 1 have B had C to have D having 2 happy B happily C happier D happiest 3 you have B who you have what you have D which have 4 Unless B Due to C If D As soon as 5 thinking B think C thought D to think 6 simple B simpler C simply D simplest 7 better B good C best D well 8 go B give C put D get 9 When B If C Unless D Because 10 yourself B myself C ourselves themselves 11 give up B give it up C it give up give up it 12 take up B come in C get off D goon 9 Exam preparation","Listening 7 OR9.2 You will hear a fitness coach talking \u00aeto6 O R9.1 For each question, listen and choose the a group of people. Listen and complete the information. Use one word in each space. correct answer A, B or C. \u00ff When is Oscar's birthday? DRAYTON FITNESS CENTRE 1 \/TI i?-ti 1 What we offer M (jii13 \u00ff Modern gym \u00ff t rsn ft __and swimming pool What is the special offer in this shop? Qualified fitness 1_ \u00ff Different classes every day of the week Our promise _\u00ff If you're not fitter and healthier after three months with us,we'll give you 2 months free! Prices >\/ Regular membership: \u00a3 3 00 a 1 1b a week (gym and swim) 2 Which clothes does Kate want? >\/ Fitness classes: \u00a33.00 each \u00ff Sports PLUS pass: \u00a330.00 a month - 4_ 's included (gym, swimming pool, fitness classes) 3 Where did the man leave his glasses? New member health check All new members 5_ have a Mhcheek at the Drayton MetalCentre. s\/ Receive a free consultation with a 6_ health adviser *\/ Have your blood pressure 7_ ci \u2014Fbxjh Tkt nJilL Qt dc8_jt\/lvufitv\u00fcfrtot3KVwMt Mto*o*'w 4 Which way will Anna have to go today? Speaking 8 Work in pairs or small groups.Turn to page 188. 5 What result did the boy get? Exam preparation All units 179","Extra information Unit 1 Unit 4, student A 12 O 1-5 Complete the audio script with a, an, the, Prepare questions about the missing information some or - (no article). Then listen again and che;clkk.. to ask student B. _ QB: Amazing! I love 1 SPORT: A 73-year-old woman climbed A: Wow, look at \u00ff the colours in this picture! _ in 2012. red! And there are so FOOD:Two Italian men made a _ in 2004. 19,000 people many different kinds of red there. ate it. A: Where is it? North _ _B: I think it's in 2 Africa, 3 Africa. Let me see ... ah yes, it's in 4_ _SPORT: A 96-year-old South African man did in 2010. Morocco. _A: What is 5_ red stuff? Is it 6_ paint? FUN: 13,413 people painted B: It's7 dye. _ at the same time in A: Sorry? Yunnan, China in 2009. B: Dye - d-y-e: for changing 8_ colour of _ _9 things. Look, there are 10 animal 13 Take turns to ask your questions from exercise 12 _ _skins hanging on 11 and answer your partner's questions about this wall. 12 men information. are going to dye them to make coloured 13_ leather, for making 14_ bags and SPORT: In 1998, a man from France swam across _15 shoes. _ft; Oh, of cause.My mum's gat the Atlantic. bigthat MUSIC;InSeptembei 2011,a manifom Italy sang kind of colour. karaoke for almost 102 hours. SPORT: In 2008, a Chinese man dived down a Unit 2, student A twelve-metre waterfall. FUN: In 2009, people in Maine, USA built a 37-metre high snow woman. What's different? Describe your picture to student B using quantifiers. Can you find ten what did a y-z-\u00fftav-old woma IA, differences in three minutes? from,Jfl-pfli\/v climb \u00cd\\\\a, 2.012.7 O bath oil brush iron peg Mow.iA,t Everest. perfume rubber gloves shampoo soap towel What did a matA\/from Frfl\u00ffvce swim across li\/v \u00b1\u00ffS? The Atlantic. ROM 180 Extra information","Unit 4, student A Unit 15, story trail part 2 21 Imagine you are a TV reporter.You are going to Edward is a farmer. Did you guess correctly? interview Henry and Jamie. Prepare questions. Read part two of the story. Questions for Henry Edward lives in a cold, wet country. 1 How often\/you\/go swimming He's a happy man. He's been married for 30 years. Edward and his wife Milly How oftei-v do you 0o swlmmli\/v0? grow fruit and vegetables on their farm. It's a small farm. Edward and Milly 2 How often\/you\/see people in difficulty in the don't have a tractor or any other big water machines. 3 What\/you\/play\/on the beach when you\/hear\/Jamie One day, Edward was working on the 4 What\/Jamie\/shout farm. Milly was away. She had gone to 5 What\/you\/talk about\/when\/wait\/Jamie stay with her sister for a few days. Questions for Jamie 1 When\/you\/learn to swim 2 How\/you\/feel about swimming in the sea now 3 What\/Henry\/say\/to you 4 What\/you\/say\/to Henry 5 you\/think\/Henry will be a good lifeguard Unit 7, student A 2 What was Edward doing? Guess from the 2 Work in pairs. Mime preparing for the activities in the box. Use mighthave or can't have. actions. Can your partner guess what you're pick oranges drive a tractor pick apples going todo? dig feed the animals make jam You're going to wash your hands. You're going to play the piano. He ca i\u00ff't have bee\u00ffv dr\u00edv\u00edvu} a tractor You're going to going to eat a meal. because V\\\\e hasn't got a tractor. %9 Arrange to do the activities in the box with He vuiqht have borrowed a student B. Use will, be going to, the present tractor frovu, another farmer. continuous and the present simple. Write the arrangements in your diary. 3 Now turn to page 183 for part three of the story. talk about our school project Unit 9, group A * play tennis have a picnic watch a DVD together 13 Write the reported morning afternoon evening questions. Start with She askedme... Monday do my meet Sam \u00ff what's the problem,? homework 3.00 Tuesday Wednesday meet Andy cinema with 1 h+ow lovu$ have you. felt lilee this? 9.30 Tom 7.00 2 Have you 0ot a high temperature? Thursday 3 Have you. got a headache? Friday do my dentist she asteeri me what the problem was. Saturday homework Sunday 2.30 swimming lesson 2.00 theatre with Vicky 7.30 Extra information 181","Unit 16, student A Unit 23,Team A 6 Read the text and prepare questions to complete Use the information below to write quiz questions with How and How often and three possible the story. Use the question words in brackets. answers. Then ask your partner your questions. 1 When a musical score says 'lento' a musician A city garden should play slowly. 2 Lions have babies every two years. Tommy lived in (\u00ff Where?), on the ('Which?) 3 An Australian man travelled around the world by floor of a block of flats. He liked living there because two of his best friends lived in the helicopter for the first time in 1983. same block. Unit 27, student A The three boys loved (2What?). Sidney and Leo were happy to go to the park or explore Complete the sentences. Then check your answers new parts of the city. But Tommy wanted with student B. more. He had always wanted his own garden. M\\\"he water is checked every two hours. One day, the boys were walking in a part of the city that they didn't know when they found \u00ff The water Is checked every two hours. a small patch of land. They saw (3What?) on the land, and good earth underneath it. Allour biscuits are m, Tommy started talking to an old man who was sitting (4Where?). 1 We all our biscuits by hand. The man said, 'It's my land. Why don't you The police arrested her at three clear it for me? When it's completely clear, o'clock this morning. you can grow things here.' 2 A woman at three o'clock in the The boys spent three weeks clearing the land. morning. They planted a (5What?), and Tommy got his flower garden, too. (6Who?) came and helped Tommy, Leo and Sidney with the project. They were very kind, and gave tools, seeds and water to the boys. But they never saw the old man again. Total : .db where did live? You were served by Julia today. We hope you er Joyed your meal! where did live? ii-v LovuAo 3 Julia you today. Unit 16,student A ca.\\\\\u00f3r\\\\ all tUz < Choose the answers that you think are correct. fisk locally. Then check them with your partner using question tags. Use falling intonation if you're sure 4 All our fish locally. about a fact or rising intonation if you're not sure. 1 Helsinki is in Mexico \/ Finland \/ Canada. 00 2 Tigers live in Africa \/ Asia \/ Australia. 3 A hexagon has six \/ seven \/ eight sides. \u00b0s \u00ed\u00edraiM\u00ed 4 A chameleon is a reptile \/ insect \/ mammal. <s> Hels\u00ediAJe\u00ed's 1\u00ff F\u00ed\u00ffLa\u00ffd, \u00edsi*\/t It? Yes, i thlfUe so. \u00a9pena'sd m 1996* 0 5 They this building in 1996. 182 Extra information","Unit 15, story trail part 3 Unit 4, student B Edward was digging. Did you guess correctly? Prepare questions about the missing information to ask student B. Read part three of the story. SPORT: A man from France swam across _ in 1998. Suddenly, he had the shock of his life. MUSIC: A man from Italy sang He couldn't believe his eyes! _ for almost 102 hours in What had happened? Guess from the events September 2011. below. Use might hove or can't have. __SPORT: A Chinese man dived down a saw a snake saw Milly heard some music heard Milly found a ring found some money _ in 2008. FUN: People in Maine, USA built a H-e Height have seeuv a sweatee. 3 Now turn to page 186 for part four. In 2009. Unit 2, student B Read the text. Take turns to ask and answer 13 What's different? Describe your picture to your questions. student A using quantifiers. Can you find ten SPORT: In 2012, a woman from Japan climbed differences in three minutes? Mount Everest. \u00f3 bath oil brush iron peg FOOD: In 2004, two Italian men made a 634-metre perfume rubber gloves sandwich. 19,000 people ate the sandwich. shampoo soap towel SPORT: A 96-year-old South African man did a bungee jump in 2010. IRON FUN: In 2009, 13,413 people painted their faces at the same time in Yunnan, China. what did a y-3-year-old wom,\u00abi<v from,JflpfliA. climb It-v 2\u00bf>\u00b12? Mou-fut Everest. What did a fu-auv from- France swim, across Iia, The Atlantic,. Unit 4, student B Imagine you are Henry. Prepare answers for these questions. How often do you go swimming? How often do you see people in difficulty in the water? What were you playing on the beach when you heard Jamie? What was Jamie shouting? What did you talk about when you were waiting with Jamie? Unit 7, student B 2 Work in pairs. Mime preparing for the actions. Can your partner guess what you're going to do? You're going to sneeze. You're going to open a can of drink. You're going to eat some soup. Extra information 183","Unit 7, student B Unit 16, student B Arrange to do the activities in the box with 6 Read the text and prepare questions to find the student A. Use will, be going to, the present continuous and the present simple. Write missing information. Use the question words in the arrangements in your diary. brackets. Then ask your partner your questions and complete the story. talk about our school project play tennis have a picnic watch a DVD together A city garden Tommy lived (\u00ff Where?), morning afternoon evening _on the tenth floor of a block of flats. He liked do my cinema with living there ('Why?). Monday homework Amy 7.00 The three boys loved being outdoors. Sidney Tuesday do my and Leo were happy to go to the park or homework explore new parts of the city. But Tommy wanted more. He had always wanted Wednesday optician - eye theatre with _ (2What?). test 11.00 Ed 7.30 One day, the boys were walking _ (3Where?) when they found a Thursday meet Libby small patch of land. They saw a lot of rubbish 2.30 on the land, and good earth underneath it. Tommy started talking to an old man who was Friday sitting on a bench nearby. Saturday swimming meet Rosy The man said, 'It's my land. Why don't you 6.30 clear it for me? When it's completely clear, lesson 10.00 you can grow things here.' Sunday Th\u00a7boy\u00a7\u00a7p\u00a7nt 1'How long?) clearing the land. They planted a fruit tree and some vegetables, and Tommy got his flower garden, too. Local people came and helped Tommy, Leo Unit 9, group B and Sidney with the project. They were very _kind, and gave Write the reported (5What?) to questions. Start with _the boys. But they never saw He asked me... (6Who or what?) again. * v>o you wflyvt to try some cheese? where did Tommy live? 1 i>o you. v\u00ffetd a bag? Where did Tommy live? L-ondo\u00ff. t>o you waiA,t flyuythii\/vg else? 3 h-ow would you Unit 23, student B Use the information below to write quiz questions with How and How often and three possible answers. 1 When a musical score says 'allegro', a musician should play fast. 2 Chimpanzees have babies every five years. 3 An English man travelled around the world by bike for the first time in 1884. 184 Extra information","Unit 16, student B Unit 17, student B Choose the answers that you think are correct. W Work in pairs.Write six questions about Then check them with your partner using your picture with Canyou see ? + question tags. Use falling intonation if you're sure a defining relative clause. about a fact or rising intonation if you're not sure. 1 Pandas eat grass \/ bamboo \/ meat. 2 99 divided by 3 is 3\/ 33\/ 3,333. 3 Vancouver is in the USA \/ Britain \/ Canada. 4 A violin has four \/five \/ six strings. 5 C02 is carbon monoxide \/ carbon \/ carbon dioxide. pandas eat bam,boo, do\u00ff't they? yes, i thlkvfe so. Unit 23, student C Use the information below to write quiz questions with How and How often and three possible answers. 1 When a musical score says 'forte' a musician should play loudly. 2 Pandas have babies every three years. 3 Three men from the USA travelled across the Atlantic Ocean by hot air balloon for the first time in 1978. Unit 4, student C ca\u00ed*, you see a wii\u00ffdow that's opei-v? Cflkv you see a kw-fliA, who's lau.0h\u00ediA\u00bf)? Imagine you are Jamie. Prepare answers for these questions. Unit 9, group C When did you learn to swim? Write the reported How do you feel about swimming in the sea now? questions. Start with What did Henry say to you in the water? Iasked her... What did you say to Henry? Do you think Henry will be a good lifeguard? \u00ff is there a sho-p? 1 what time is breakfast? 2 r>oes room, have a sea view? 3 ca\u00ffv I have cvcy room,? { asteeri her Ifthere was a shop. Extra information 185","Unit 18, student C and D Unit 15, story trail part 4 I Discuss who you can help and who can He found a ring. Did you guess correctly? help you. If you ask for help you must offer something. Read the last part of the story. Student c In fact, it was his wedding ring! He had lost the ring years before when he was Your requests working in the field. You want someone to give you piano lessons. You need someone to cut your hair. How did he feel? What did he do with the ring? You want to borrow some books for the weekend. Write sentences using He must have and the ideas in the box. What you can offer \u00a9You'll spend time doing outdoor activities with be\/feel want to tell clean put it on phone other people. He must have felt very su.rpn.sed! \u00a9You'll do physical work (like lifting heavy things and 3 Compare your ideas with other groups. painting walls). Unit 9, group D But... \u00a9 You won't lend your books and DVDs to people 13 Write the reported unless they promise to return them. questions. Start with \u00a9You get a headache if you sit near a computer. ...He asked us Student D \u00ff CflKv i hflve your tickets? Your request 1 Where are you 0owtg You want someone to go mountain climbing with you. 2 Cfli-v i see yourpflssports? You want to borrow some DVDs. You want someone to give you guitar lessons. 3 How mfli\/vy bfl0S hflve you 0ot? What you can offer 4 r\u00fad you pflcfe the bflgs yourselves? \u00a9You'll do creative tasks like taking photos and cutting He as\\\\zed us If he could have our tickets. people's hair. \u00a9You'll lend your books and DVDs to people But ... \u00a9 You feel sick if you go on a boat. \u00a9 You get a headache and feel sick if you are near fresh paint. \u00a9 You haven't got any DVDs. Cflfv someone come sea fishli-vg with me? I'llcome sen flshlt\/vg with you If you help me move some heavy boxes. IcfliA\/t help you, Cm afraid. My bcicte hurts If I lift heavy thluvgs. 186 Extra information","Unit 22 9 Work in pairs. Move horizontally \u00ab-\u00bb and vertically $ through the maze from START to FINISH. Draw a line to build phrases with two or three adjectives in the correct order. Always start a new phrase on the last square of the previous phrase. How many squares do you use? rmmr \\\"EINISHr a beautiful a door comedy film. action I I Indian green plate credit adventure funny I a new cotton ancient nice card short terrible 1 I board a red amazing an a nice chopping hat paper costume 1 a wooden aid gUeSt house squape photo swimming 1 a large a black beautiful a door Unit 27, answers Indian green -plate \u00ff Bicycles were first ridden in Germany a new in the nineteenth century. 1 DVDs were invented in the 1990s. 2 Violins were first made in Italy. 3 The first newspapers were printed in the seventeenth century. 4 Golf was first played in Scotland. 5 Ice-cream was first eaten in the tenth century. 6 Coffee was first drunk in Ethiopia. anient a beautiful greets -plate a uvew... Extra information 187","Revision 3, Units 8-12 Revision 9, All units Work in pairs. Look at these photographs of 8 Work in pairs or small groups.This family is people finding food. Take turns to talk about what you can see in your pictures. planning to move to a new home. Discuss the homes in the picture and decide which two would be best for the family. 188 Extra information","Reference Unit 4 Revision of tenses Unit 9 Reported speech Present simple Direct speech Reported speech I Spelling rules: he\/she\/ it form present tense past tense most verbs + -s eat -> eats play -> plays is\/are -\u00bb was\/were wants -\u00bb wanted ending in -ch, -o, -sh, -ss + -es finish -> finishes is\/are leaving -\u00bb was\/were leaving or-x relax -\u00bb relaxes have got -\u00bb had ending in consonant + -y -> -ies carry -\u00bb carries try -> tries past simple and present perfect past perfect have has has\/have arrived -> had arrived Present continuous spoke -> had spoken modals that change I Spelling rules:-ing form can could will would must -> had to most verbs + -ing eat seating watch -\u00bb watching modals that don't change could -\u00bb could would -\u00bb would ending in -e e + -ing write -\u00bb writing have -\u00bb having should -> should ending in -ie -\u00bb -ying lie lying die -\u00bb dying direct speech -\u00bb reported speech \u00ff double shop -> shopping here -> there now then begin beginning ending in one consonant + this\/these -\u00bb that\/those stressed vowel + -ing today -\u00bb that day yesterday the day before\/ one consonant the previous day tomorrow the next\/following day if the vowel is don't listen -\u00bb listening next week\/month\/year unstressed or double the following week\/ the consonant is play-> playing month\/year w,x, y... consonant last week\/month\/year -\u00bb Past simple the previous week\/ I Spelling rules: regular verbs month\/year most verbs + -ed ask -masked start -\u00bb started three days ago -> three days before\/ earlier ending in -e + -d live -> lived hate -\u00bb hated stay stayed Reference 189 ending in vowel +-y + -ed enjoy -> enjoyed carry -> carried ending in consonant -ied study -> studied plan -\u00bb planned + -y double prefer -> preferred ending in one vowel consonant listen -> listened + one consonant don't double relax -> relaxed snow snowed stress not on last consonant syllable don't double if consonant is -w, -x consonant or-y","Present perfect\/continuous regular irregular Affirmative worked\/been working written\/been writing 1 \/ you \/ we \/ they've worked\/been working written\/been writing he \/she \/it's worked\/been working? written\/been writing? Negative No, 1 \/ you \/ we \/ they haven't. 1 \/ you \/ we \/ they haven't No, he \/she \/it hasn't. he\/ she \/it hasn't Questions Have 1 \/ you \/ we \/ they Has he \/she \/it Short answers Yes, 1 \/ you \/ we \/ they have. Yes, he \/she \/it has. Past participles of regular verbs are the same as the past simple -ed form. For spelling rules of regular -ed forms, see page 189. There are no rules for irregular past participles.They are often different from the past simple form. You must learn each one individually. See the list on page 192. Past perfect\/continuous We form the past perfect with had# past participle.We form the past perfect continuous 1 with had + been + -ing form. regular irregular Affirmative Full form 1 \/ you \/ he \/ she \/ it \/ we \/ they had worked\/been working written\/been writing Short form 1 \/ you \/ he \/ she \/ it \/ we \/ they'd Negative 1 \/ you \/ he \/ she \/ it \/ we \/ they hadn't worked\/been working written\/been writing Questions Had 1 \/ you \/ he \/ she \/ it \/ we \/ they worked\/been working? written\/been writing? Short answers Yes, 1 \/ you \/ he \/ she \/ it \/ we \/ they had. No, 1 \/ you \/ he \/ she \/ it \/ we \/ they hadn't. 190 Appendix","Unit 21 Comparison: adjectives and adverbs one syllable Adjective\/adverb Comparative form Superlative form one syllable ending in late\/late later (than) the latest vowel-consonant stronger (than) two syllables ending in -y strong faster (than) the strongest three or more syllables the fastest fast harder (than) the hardest Irregular forms hard higher (than) the highest high lower (than) the lowest low bigger (than) the biggest big sadder (than) the saddest sad sunnier (than) the sunniest sunny earlier (than) early the earliest more interesting (than) interesting more fluently (than) the most interesting fluently more carefully (than) the most fluently carefully the most carefully better good \/well worse the best bad \/badly further the worst the furthest far Many two-syllable adjectives take the -er and -est endings. These include clever, gentle, narrow, pleasant,quiet and simple. Adverbs Spelling rules: adverbs formed from adjectives ending in consonant add -ly fluent-\u00bb fluently careful -\u00bb carefully ending in -e keep -e and add nice -\u00bb nicely -ly ending in consonant + -y change -y to -ily easy -\u00bb easily luck-\u00bb luckily ending in -le change -leto -ly comfortable -\u00bb comfortably possible -> possibly ending in -ic + -ally automatic -\u00bb automatically dramatic -\u00bb dramatically Reference 191","Irregular verbs Infinitive Past simple Past participle Infinitive Past simple Past participle be was been lost lost become became become lose made made begin began begun make break broke broken met met bring brought brought meet build built built paid paid buy bought bought pay catch caught caught put put choose chose chosen put come came come read read read cost cost cost run ran run do did done say said said drink drank drunk see saw seen drive drove driven send sent sent eat ate eaten sing sang sung fall fell fallen sit feel felt felt sleep sat sat found speak find found flown spend slept slept fly forgotten spoke spoken forget flew stand forgot got spent spent get swim got given stood stood give gone, been teach swam swum go gave had take taught taught have heard tell took taken hear went known think told told know left leave had understand thought thought wake heard wear understood understood knew win woke woken left wore worn write won won wrote written 192 Irregular verbs"]