ENGLISH 5 LITERATURE – 2 Name: ___________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: _________ School: __________________________________
Preface ClassKlap partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. Our books strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. ClassKlap presents the Traveller series, designed specifically to meet the requirements of the new curriculum released in November 2016 by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE). Guiding principles: The 2016 CISCE curriculum states the following as a few of its guiding principles for English language teaching: Connecting learning to life in the outside world Integrating English with other subjects across the curriculum Using meaningful contexts to develop language as a whole Making assessment for learning an integral part of the teaching-learning process Ensuring active participation of children by using a variety of activities and tasks Each of these principles resonates with the spirit in which the ClassKlap textbooks, workbooks and teacher companion books have been designed. The ClassKlap team of pedagogy experts has carried out an intensive mapping exercise to create a framework based on the CISCE curriculum document. Key features of ClassKlap Traveller series: B ooks for English are mapped to the assessment patterns of English-I and English-II in ICSE schools. T he grammar concepts covered in English-I have a horizontal and vertical progression across the grades, providing a spiral of learning. T he writing sections contain a wide variety of topics with a focus on process-based writing in higher grades. T he English-II book also covers all the themes recommended by the CISCE curriculum across classes 1–5. A hallmark of ICSE English is a wide representation of authors – Indian and foreign. The Traveller series includes pieces by writers such as Charles Dickens, Rabindranath Tagore, Sarojini Naidu, Oscar Wilde and Mark Twain among others. Vocabulary building is a key focus area for ClassKlap Pictures for word meanings are included in each lesson to help students with visual clues for new or difficult words. All in all, the Traveller English books aim to generate greater engagement and enhance fluency in English communication, which spans all the four skills of Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. – The Authors
Textbook Features Warm Up About the Writer/Poet I Read Interesting questions to Brief introduction to the Literature piece (either arouse curiosity about the writer or poet prose, poetry or drama), lesson along with pictures for new/difficult words ? In-text Questions New Words Literature Comprehension Quick check of To practise contextual understanding meanings A variety of questions to ensure the comprehension of the lesson P VocabularyR I Feel I Speak Q Value-based questions Activities to cultivate To help build and based on the lesson that ask speaking skills enhance age-appropriate for opinions and judgement vocabulary Listen and Say Aloud Dictation Language Game P ronunciation practice Words from the lesson or Games to provide based on phonics, difficult sentences with commonly engagement with and words, tongue twisters and confused spellings for enhance fluency in the multi-syllabled words dictation practice language Listening Audio Connect the Dots A Note to Parent Captivating listening Questions that stimulate Constructive activities to audio pieces followed by interdisciplinary thinking be done at home along exercises by connecting English with with parents to reinforce other subjects learning
Contents 10 Rip Van Winkle ................................... Adventure and Imagination ���������������������1 – Washington Irving 11 Bina and the Music System Rocket ...Science and Technology��������������������������9 12 Six and Out ........................................ Physical Activities and Sports������������������16 – G D Martineau 13 The Mountain Railways .................... Transport �������������������������������������������������25 14 Oh! The Places You’ll Go ... ............... Adventure and Imagination �������������������37 – Surbhi Sarna 15 The World from a Railway Carriage... Transport �������������������������������������������������43 – R L Stevenson 16 Scientists and Inventors Who Changed the World ................. Science and Technology ����������������������52 17 Eureka! Eureka! .................................. Science and Technology ����������������������62 18 On the Grasshopper and Cricket ... Animals and Plants ��������������������������������69 – John Keats Glossary��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������78
10Lesson Rip Van Winkle Adventure and Imagination Warm Up • Imagine that you sleep one day and wake up 20 years later. How would you feel? • What would the world be like? Share your thoughts. About the Writer Washington Irving (1783–1859) was an American diplomat, biographer, historian, essayist and short story writer. The Sketch Book is a collection of 34 essays and short stories written by Irving. It was published throughout 1819 and 1820. The collection includes two of his best-known short stories: ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’ and ‘Rip Van Winkle’. Let us read a story about a man named Rip Van Winkle, who fell asleep in the woods for a very, very long time, and then, one day, when he woke up… I Read Rip Van Winkle was a lazy man who lived in a small ? Why would Dutch village. He liked to wander through town with Rip’s wife his pet dog, Wolf, and tell stories to the children. Rip’s scold him? wife, Dame, did not like his laziness and used to shout at him for not doing any work. A Good Play 1
To escape her shouting, he often went to a nearby inn to relax and exchange stories with his friends. The forest was the only other place where Rip felt safe from his wife’s shouting. One wintry afternoon, Rip and Wolf ? Where did Rip inn went into the hills, again, to escape meet the little man? Dame’s shouting. They spent the whole day hunting for squirrels, though they did not catch anything. When it was time to return home, they heard a voice calling Rip. They thought it was Dame until they saw a small man dressed in strange clothes. The little man was carrying a heavy drum and asked for Rip’s help. Rip hurried to help him. ninepins As Rip and the little man carried the drum, they heard a loud booming sound like thunder. After walking for quite a while, they came to an open field, where Rip saw many little bearded men playing a game called ‘ninepins’. The noisy game was being played with huge balls that made a booming sound when they hit one another. Rip recognised the sound that he had been hearing all along. The sound of their bowling echoed throughout the mountains. echoed The drum that Rip had helped to carry was filled with a tasty drink, which the small men shared with Rip. After drinking three full glasses, he began to feel sleepy. The Sun had gone down and the noise of the bowling continued, as Rip fell asleep in the moonlight. When Rip woke up, he was surprised! Wolf was gone, Rip’s clothes were tattered and torn, his gun had rusted, and his beard had grown – a foot in length! He looked around to tattered see if he could find the little bearded men, but he could rusted not recognise the place. Rip decided to go home, though he knew he would be scolded by his wife for being careless again! When Rip entered his village, he stopped in surprise. There were many new buildings. The children of the village were curious and gathered around him, whispering. He did not recognise any of them. He went to his own house and found it empty, silent. He called out his wife’s name and the names of his children, but no one answered. The house looked lonely and empty. Now even more confused than before, Rip walked through town to the inn. However, the old inn was gone. There was a bigger, newer inn in its place. 22
Outside the inn, people were gathered around, talking about an election. Rip enquired about his friends. He was told that the inn manager had been dead for eighteen years and that the schoolmaster he knew had moved from the village. Finally, Rip asked if anyone knew who Rip Van Winkle was. A young woman holding a baby stepped forward, saying that Rip was her father and that he’d gone out hunting twenty years ago and never returned. Rip then realised that he had been asleep for twenty years! Rip recognised the young woman as his daughter, Judith, now grown. He told her that he, in fact, was her father. Rip then told everyone the story of where he had been for the last twenty years. No one believed him. Finally, they called an old, wise man named Peter Vanderdonk, who knew many stories about the village. Peter listened as Rip repeated his tale. He claimed that Rip had met some ghosts. A few of the villagers thought Rip Van Winkle was crazy. But others believed him. Rip Van Winkle went to live with his daughter, Judith, and her family. He began telling stories to the children, just as he used to earlier. And not surprisingly, he told his own story frequently. Occasionally, he would hear thunder in the mountains, but he never went into the forest again. He did not want to lose another twenty years. – Adapted from ‘Rip Van Winkle’ by Washington Irving New Words Word Meaning Dutch wander inn ninepins echoed tattered rusted election enquired Rip Van Winkle 3 A Good Play
Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) What kind of person was Rip Van Winkle? What did he like to do? Ans. 2) What did Rip Van Winkle do at the nearby inn? Ans. 3) Nobody recognised Rip when he reached the village. Why? Ans. B) Reference to context 4) ‘They thought it was Dame until they saw a small man dressed in strange clothes.’ a) Who does ‘they’ refer to? Ans. b) Who was Dame? Ans. c) How do you think Rip Van Winkle felt when he saw the small man? Ans. 5) ‘Rip recognised the sound that he had been hearing all along.’ a) What sound is being referred to in this line? Ans. b) How was the sound produced? Ans. 44
c) Identify the phrase that proves that Rip had heard the noise before. Ans. C) Answer the following 6) State whether the following statements are true or false. a) Rip Van Winkle’s wife was usually upset with him as he was lazy. ____________ b) Rip went to relax in a nearby inn. ____________ c) Rip was away for twenty years because he was asleep in the mountains.____________ d) Nobody recognised Rip when he came back because he had ____________ reached the wrong village. e) Rip heard thunder occasionally and believed that it was the ____________ little men playing ninepins. PR Vocabulary Q Antonyms An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. Examples: • devil angel • awake asleep • bought sold • expensive inexpensive 7) Rewrite the sentences with the antonyms of the underlined words to make meaningful sentences. a) My friend usually borrows a pen during examinations. Ans. b) The fox went into the den at dusk. Ans. c) Sohan found a common gemstone on his trip. Ans. d) The principal rejected the teacher’s leave application. Ans. Rip Van Winkle 5 A Good Play
I Feel 8) Why do you think no one believed Rip Van Winkle’s story? Ans. 9) Do you believe in ghosts? Why or why not? Ans. I Speak Read the story carefully and write dialogues for different parts. Then, enact the whole story, ensuring that everyone gets a part to play. ABC..., Show and tell What do you think the world would be like 20 years from now? Draw a picture and share your thoughts about the future world with your classmates. Listen and Say Aloud Word stress for compound words – nouns Word stress for compound words – (stress the first syllable) adjectives (stress the first syllable of the second word) toothpaste ice cream old-fashioned fifteen-minute football seafood ten-metre six-page 66
Sentence Dictation 10) Listen to your teacher and write the sentences. a) b) c) d) e) Language Game Many words from one How many words can you make from the name RIP VAN WINKLE? You are allowed to repeat the letters. Listening Audio 11) Who are considered to be the friendliest creatures of the seas and oceans? [ ] a) sharks b) goldfish c) dolphins d) whales 12) What are the stories that have been told about dolphins? [ ] a) about them saving people from drowning b) about what they eat c) about how they kill people d) about how people save them 13) What are the young ones of dolphins called? [ ] a) foals b) cubs c) children d) calves Rip Van Winkle 7 A Good Play
14) How are dolphins similar to humans? [ ] a) they live in the water like humans [ ] b) they live in a society like humans c) they fight like humans d) they are not like humans 15) Which of the following proves that dolphins are intelligent? a) they have children b) they live in water c) they use tools d) they are friendly Connect the Dots Maths Fun Rip Van Winkle was asleep for 20 years. If his beard grew by 3 cm every month, how long would his beard be after 20 years? Social Studies Fun the Dutch flag The story tells us that Rip Van Winkle lived in a Dutch village. ‘Dutch’ is another word for people from the Netherlands in Europe. The Dutch colonised a few parts of India from 1605 to 1825. They traded in items such as precious stones, indigo, silk and pepper. A Note to Parent Teach your child about the importance of hard work from an early age. Ensure that they help out at home and take responsibility for some of the housework. These little habits add a lot of value when they grow up. 88
11Lesson Bina and the Music System Rocket Science and Technology Warm Up • H ave you ever wondered how it would be to travel through space, gazing at the stars, the Sun and the Moon? • D o you know the name of any astronaut? Share where you have heard their name. Let us read a story about a young girl who dreams about zooming off into space in a rocket. I Read Bina was a young girl who always ? What did Bina dreamt of flying to the Moon. dream about? One night, she lay down to sleep with headphones her headphones on, and her dream suddenly started coming true! Bina found herself with her brother in a rocket ship. She called out to Rohan, ‘Navigator ready?’ Rohan replied, ‘Navigator ready.’ navigator ‘Mission Control ready?’ Bina enquired through the headset. A voice from Mission Control replied, ‘Mission Control ready. Beginning A Good Play 9
countdown… ten seconds, nine, eight…’ Bina’s heart began beating faster. ‘Two, one... BLAST-OFF!’ Bina and Rohan were thrown back into their seats. blur Their rocket ship zoomed off into the sky so fast that everything outside the window was just a blur. In a couple of minutes, the ride felt smooth and quiet. They were now in outer space! a rocket ship’s Rohan was at the rear end of the rocket. Bina rear end asked Rohan, ‘What does the Earth look like?’ ‘It looks like a beautiful blue and white ball.’ Rohan asked Bina, ‘Can you see the Moon coming up?’ ‘Yes, I can’, Bina said. ‘I think we will be there in about 30 minutes.’ ‘Cool’, said Rohan. ‘I think I will listen to some music on my music displeased system.’ ‘You brought your music system?’ Bina looked displeased. ‘You know I don’t go anywhere without my music system’, said Rohan. He turned on the music, and time passed quickly. ‘Mission Control to Bina’, came over the headsets. ‘You will need to prepare for landing in two minutes’, said the voice. ‘We’ll be ready’, said Bina. The rocket ship had a rough ride towards the end. Finally, they came to rest. ‘Bina, are you OK?’ asked Rohan. ‘Yes, I’m OK. Let’s take a look around and see if the rocket ship is OK’, said Bina. They put on their space suits. When they stepped outside, they felt like they were floating in the air. They quickly gathered a few moon rocks to take back home. Then, they began to inspect the rocket. The portion of the ship that had the rocket starter was heavily damaged. The batteries that turned on the starter were completely destroyed. ‘What are we going to do?’ asked Rohan. ‘I don’t know’, Bina answered. ‘Let’s call Mission Control for help.’ space suit They went back inside and called Mission Control. ‘We will get back to you’ was the answer. ‘We only have enough food and water for one more day’, Rohan reminded Bina. Suddenly, Bina said, ‘I’ve got it! Give me your music system.’ ‘She opened the battery compartment and took out the eight large batteries. 1100
‘I think we can tie these together with a tape and make one big battery that will start the rocket’, she said. Bina lined up the batteries and taped them together in a bundle. She took a piece of duct tape and connected a wire to the batteries on each end. She then attached one to the starter, took the other wire and ran it back up to her seat in the rocket. duct tape ‘Here goes!’ said Bina. As she connected the wire to the dashboard, they could hear the roar of the rocket. Before they knew it, they were zooming back through space and towards Earth. ‘Yippee!’ they both yelled. dashboard Just then, Bina’s mother pulled the headphones off ? Who woke Bina her head and told her to go to sleep. It was easy for up and why? Bina to go back to sleep because she hoped she could pick up her rocket ship dream from right where she had left it! (Source: Adapted from ‘Bill and the Boom Box Rocket’; http://www.kidsgen.com/ short_stories) New Words Word Meaning headphones navigator rocket ship blur rear end displeased space suits compartment duct tape dashboard Bina and the Music System Rocket 11 A Good Play
I Speak Divide your class into three groups. Each group chooses one astronaut from the names given below. All the members of each group are assigned areas of the astronaut’s life that need to be researched and explained. Once your group collects the information and the pictures, it needs to be organised in a logical flow. Rakesh Sharma Kalpana Chawla Sunita Williams Each group then gets five minutes to talk about their chosen astronaut. The groups that are listening can ask questions to the group at the end of its presentation. ‘All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them.’ – Walt Disney What is your dream? What would you like to do when you grow up and why? Divide your class into pairs. Think about the questions given above. Take turns and talk about your dreams to your partner. Listen and Say Aloud Stress for two-syllable words ending in suffixes (stress the first syllable) hopeful quickly sadness useless playing panted passage judgement 1122
Word Dictation 1) Listen to your teacher and write the words. c) a) b) f) d) e) i) g) h) Language Game Word search Solve this word search to find words related to space and space travel. Space Travel IL rocket SPACESHIP XM MOON Y MN D ASTRONAUT FSFB PLANETS ASTEROID MP P U Y T SATELLITE NAVIGATOR Z A S AR B J WQ B T L QO L C A S O I L S X V J G S Y B O I P A F C E T T C CQT MB W S Y A R N D S H G S E R K DP V WX K S L A O T CQ H L O E E L H MZ DV Y E S R I L N T UANW I F R UA P I A B RNP F G E OH Y I T U CDE K K Z A K I VGG E T S E T A U J Y T E D G E K O U T WS A N U AWOW I AW P Z NA QV H UPYRHK F L Z MOON Q L E UCV XB HUO T J AC E CV K CN VQ Bina and the Music System Rocket 13 A Good Play
Listening Audio 2) What did the worker stop and look at? Ans. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3) Who was sitting at the entrance of the shop? Ans. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4) What did the shopkeeper ask the worker to do? Ans. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5) What did the poor worker do when he was asked to pay the shopkeeper? Ans. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6) What answer did the worker give to the shopkeeper in the end? Ans. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 1144
Connect the Dots Maths Fun Rockets travel extremely fast. If Rocket Y travels at the speed of 7.9 km per second and Rocket Z travels at 8.7 km per second, how much faster is Rocket Z than Rocket Y? Science Fun • D id you know that when astronauts travel in space, they have to carry special ‘astronaut food’? These are frozen and dried meals that the astronauts prepare with the little water on their spaceships. • When in space, astronauts cannot move, sleep or even eat comfortably. • E verything is weightless in space. Astronauts sleep in sleeping bags that they attach to the wall or ceiling of a spacecraft. This is so that they don’t float away and bump into something! A Note to Parent Encourage your child to learn more about the wonders of space by showing them videos of our solar system and how we have progressed in space travel. The next time you decide to go for an outing or vacation, try taking your children to a planetarium. They will learn a lot about the universe and also enjoy themselves! Bina and the Music System Rocket 15 A Good Play
12Lesson Six and Out Physical Activities and Sports Warm Up • Which games do you like to play? • Where do you usually play? Have you seen children playing in the streets? What games do they play? About the Poet G.D. Martineau (1897–1976) was a famous English cricket writer. Martineau’s notable works on cricket include Bat, Ball, Wicket and All, They Made Cricket, which is about the equipment needed for playing cricket, and The Valiant Stumper, which is about the history of wicket-keeping. Let us read a poem about players who are too busy enjoying their game. They are not bothered about all the difficulties of playing in the street. I Read The pitch was only smooth in parts, pitch It sank at either crease, crease And motor vans and baker’s carts, At times disturbed the peace. 1166
The bowlers found it hard to hit, ? What did the The lamp post’s slender stem, players use as a The broader wicket opposite, wicket? Was cleared at 6:00 p.m. slender stem It was a keen, determined school, Unorthodox and free; lamp post Harsh circumstance oft made the rule, And not the MCC. The scorer, seated by the well, Kept up a fire of talk; He was both umpires, crowd and all, And plied a busy chalk. umpire So, standing musing on the scene, I let the moments pass; How well he drove it to the screen, ? Which game were the And then – the crash of glass. players playing in the poem? I watched the players as they ran, And heard, while yet they fled, The loud voice of an angry man, The law’s majestic tread. – G D Martineau New Words Word Meaning pitch crease slender keen unorthodox harsh Six and Out 17 A Good Play
Word Meaning circumstance oft umpires plied majestic Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) What disturbed the peace of the game? Ans. 2) Why does the poet call the players ‘unorthodox’? Ans. 3) Who made the rules of the game? Why do you think that they did not follow the formal rules? Ans. 1188
B) Reference to context 4) ‘The bowlers found it hard to hit, The lamp post’s slender stem, The broader wicket opposite, Was cleared at 6:00 p.m.’ a) Why was it hard for the bowlers to hit the wicket? Ans. b) What does ‘the broader wicket opposite’ mean? Ans. c) Why did the players choose a lamp post for a wicket? Ans. 5) ‘It was a keen, determined school, Unorthodox and free; Harsh circumstance oft made the rule, And not the MCC.’ a) Who are the ‘unorthodox and free’? Ans. b) How does the poet describe the players’ attitude towards cricket? Ans. c) What conditions have led to the children making their own rules? Ans. Six and Out 19 A Good Play
C) Answer the following 6) Complete the sentences using appropriate phrases based on the poem. a) The children were playing cricket ____________________________________________. b) For wickets, the bowlers _____________________________________________________. c) The game was disturbed ____________________________________________________. d) The scorer was usually _______________________________________________________. e) The players fled when _______________________________________________________. RP Vocabulary Q Words related to sports 4 7) Complete the crossword puzzle based on the clues given. T 13 O P 2 T Across 1. the person whom one competes against in a contest or game 2. a group of players that plays on one side in a competition or sport Down 3. a punishment imposed on a player or team for breaking the rules of a sport 4. an object awarded as a prize 2200
I Feel 8) In India, you can see many children play in the streets. Why do you think the children play there? Is there a better place where they can play? Ans. 9) A ccording to you, is it safe to play in the streets? Give reasons for your answer. Ans. I Speak Look at the given pictures of the different sporting activities given below. Your teacher will divide you into groups. Each group will choose one of these sports. You will have ten minutes to prepare a few points to speak about your chosen sport. kabaddi kho kho football Here are a few points that you can discuss: • Is it a team sport or an individual sport? • If it is a team sport, how many members are there in a team? • Where can it be played? Indoors or outdoors? • What are the rules of the sport? Six and Out 21 A Good Play
Look at the poster given below. Read it carefully with a partner. Then, based on the information, prepare a short presentation on the importance of playing outdoors. You can add your thoughts to it. Our eyes are precious; we must take good care of them. • Ball games • Walks • Fun at the playground and other outdoor activities every day! X• Computer games • Hand-held games • Mobile phone games Listen and Say Aloud Word Rhyming word Word Rhyming word parts carts scene screen pass class hit opposite 2222
Word Rhyming word Word Rhyming word ran man school rule fled tread chalk talk Sentence Dictation 10) Listen to your teacher and write the sentences. a) _ ____________________________________________________________________________. b) _____________________________________________________________________________. c) _____________________________________________________________________________. d) _____________________________________________________________________________. e) _____________________________________________________________________________. Language Game A pair or pear of shoes? Homophones are words that sound similar but have different meanings and spellings. Your teacher will write six homophones on the board. You should make sentences with each pair of homophones to show the difference between the meanings of the words. You win a point each for every correct sentence. Listening Audio 11) What is the theme of the poem? [ ] a) drowning b) friendship c) death d) angels 12) What question does the poet ask? a) Are we friends, or are we not? [ ] c) Are we in heaven, or are we not? b) Are we relatives, or are we not? d) Are we enemies, or are we not? Six and Out 23 A Good Play
13) Where will the poet wait for his friend if the poet dies first? [ ] a) at a restaurant b) in hell c) at home d) in heaven 14) What will the poet do in heaven? [ ] a) sing for the angels b) tease the angels c) give the angels’ wings back d) give the angels’ wands back 15) What would the poet risk losing everything for? [ ] a) to have someone just like his friend b) to live again c) to go to heaven d) to meet the angels in heaven Connect the Dots Maths Fun Two cricket teams decide to participate in a cricket tournament. The winning prize is ` 60,000, which is to be distributed equally among the players of the winning team. How much will each player of the winning team get? Social Studies Fun Cricket is a sport that came to India because of the British rulers and the East India Company. Today, cricket is perhaps the most popular sport in India. The Indian national cricket team won the Cricket World Cup for the first time in 1983. Kapil Dev was the captain of the winning team. A Note to Parent Cricket is a popular sport played in India, but there are many other sports too. Draw the attention of your child to other sports that Indian players excel in, such as kabaddi, hockey and wrestling. Explain the rules of a new sport to your child. 2244
13Lesson The Mountain Railways Transport Warm Up • While travelling by train, what all do you see when you look out of the window? Describe the view. • Have you travelled by train on hills? What was your experience? Let us read about three friends who write to each other about their train journeys. I Read Keya, Shriya and Tarun are three pen pals. They are writing to each other about their journeys on the old mountain trains of India. These trains have been running since the British rule. A Good Play 25
Nilgiri Mountain Railway coach betel nut Dear Shriya and Tarun, I have just returned from an amazing trip! The train ride on the Nilgiri Mountain Railway was a birthday gift from my parents. I can never forget it. By the way, I named it ‘The Queen’. The coach that we sat in was made of wood and had long windows. The Queen chugged slowly out of the station. The journey was for over an hour. Our last stop was Coonoor. Father pointed to a few mountains in the distance and told me that they were the Nilgiri or ‘the blue mountains’. We passed through 16 tunnels and high bridges and also crossed over the roaring river, Bhawani. On either side of the tracks, I could see many betel nut, banana and tea plantations. There were steep hillsides, gurgling mountain streams and many rivers. The best part of the journey was the names of the stations – Hill Grove, Wellington, Lovedale. They sound so foreign and old, don’t they? We reached Coonoor in the evening. Al though the jo urney was s low and tiring, I enjoyed it very much. Do write to me as soon as possible about your journeys. Love, Keya 2266
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Dear Keya and Tarun, I nicknamed the train that I travelled in ‘Rani’, though it is known as the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. On the day of our journey, Papa sprang a surprise on me. I was very excited when he told me that we were to board this fantastic train. The train that I travelled in was very old, just like your sprang a toy train, Keya. It almost took an hour to start and move! surprise The train took eight hours to travel from New Jalpaiguri to Darjeeling. Rani was a very small train. She had only two small coaches attached to the engine and could carry only 20 people in all. The inside of the train was beautifully done up with intricate designs. The windows were long, which gave us a good view of the beautiful sights outside. I took many intricate pictures of the magnificent Mount Kanchenjunga and other smaller mountains. We stopped at stations with unusual names like Jorebungalow, ? According Kurseong, Batasia Loop, Sonada and Ghum. to the lesson, The Ghum railway station is the highest which is the railway station in India. Rani majestically highest railway and slowly crossed over five big and nearly station in India? 500 small bridges. She passed through tea estates, green fields and beautiful flower gardens. The train criss-crossed motorable roads at several points. Its snail’s pace allowed people to keep getting in and out of the train at their convenience. The Mountain Railways 27 A Good Play
This was really unusual! We reached Darjeeling at 6 p.m. Although the journey was exhausting and long, I enjoyed my train ride. How was your experience, Tarun? Regards, Shriya Kalka-Shimla train Dear Shriya and Keya, All our journeys seem to be filled with enthusiasm and fun! Let me tell you about my train journey. We boarded our train at Kalka to go to Shimla. The toy train that I named ‘Prince’ is officially called the Kalka-Shimla train. Just like your trains, Prince was also over a 100 years old. It looked like a toy. It had same-sized coaches with long windows. But unlike Rani, it had more than two coaches attached. The insides of the train were designed beautifully. The coaches were suitable for a prince. The route that we travelled on was really scenic! The train journeyed through 20 railway stations, 102 tunnels and 800 bridges. The longest tunnel was at a place called Barog. The ? What do the tunnel stretched to more than a kilometre there. children name The scenery was spectacular, especially when the the trains? train slowly climbed steep hills. The stations on the route from Kalka to Shimla were Dharampur, Solan, Kandaghat, Taradevi, Barot, Salogra, Totu, Summer Hill and finally, Shimla. Just like yours, this trip was a summer gift from my older brother. Keep writing! Regards, Tarun 2288
New Words Word Meaning pen pals coach chugged betel nut gurgling sprang a surprise intricate magnificent majestically criss-crossed spectacular Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) What was the best part of the journey as per Keya’s letter? Ans. 2) How does Shriya describe ‘Rani’ in her letter? Ans. The Mountain Railways 29 A Good Play
3) What did Tarun see from the train as he journeyed to Shimla? Ans. B) Reference to context 4) ‘They sound so foreign and old, don’t they?’ a) What does ‘they’ refer to? Ans. b) Who has written these lines? Ans. c) When did the writer write these lines? Ans. 5) ‘The train that I travelled in was very old, just like your toy train, Keya.’ a) Which train has been described by the writer? Ans. b) Identify the word that can be replaced with the phrase ‘took a trip’. Ans. c) What was similar between Keya’s and the writer’s trains? Ans. C) Answer the following 6) State whether the following statements are true or false. a) Shriya, Keya and Tarun have written letters to each other about their train rides. ______________ b) Shriya and Keya had named their trains with similar meanings. ______________ c) The trains that the friends travelled in were unlike toy trains. ______________ d) Both Shriya’s and Keya’s trains passed through tea plantations. ______________ e) Both the Queen and the Prince journeyed through 16 tunnels. ______________ 3300
PR Vocabulary Q Use of ‘who’ and ‘whom’ There is a difference between the pronouns ‘who’ and ‘whom’. ‘We use: • ‘who’ to refer to the subject of a sentence. • ‘whom’ to refer to the object of a verb or preposition. How can you tell when the pronoun is the object of a verb or preposition? Try substituting it with ‘he’ or ‘she’ and ‘him’ or ‘her.’ If ‘he’ or ‘she’ fits, you should use who. If ‘him’ or ‘her’ fits, you should use whom. Keep in mind that you may have to temporarily rearrange the sentence while you test it. For example: • Who/whom ate my sandwich? Try substituting with ‘she’ and ‘her’. She ate my sandwich. Her ate my sandwich. ‘She’ works and ‘her’ doesn’t. That means the word you want is ‘who’. Correct: Who ate my sandwich? • Who/whom should I talk to about labelling food in the refrigerator? Try substituting with ‘he’ and ‘him’. I should talk to he. I should talk to him. ‘Him’ works, so the word you need is ‘whom’. Correct: Whom should I talk to about labelling food in the refrigerator? Use of ‘enough’ and ‘too’ The words ‘too’ and ‘enough’ are used with adjectives. Too means ‘more than what is needed’. Enough means ‘sufficient’. Enough comes after adjectives and adverbs. Too comes before adjectives and adverbs. The Mountain Railways 31 A Good Play
Examples: • He isn’t old enough to watch this program. • We’re not walking quickly enough. • It’s too hot to wear that coat. • I was driving too fast. Enough may also come before nouns. Too may also come before nouns when it is used with the expressions too much and too many. • I haven’t got enough money to buy this computer. • There are too many students in this classroom. 7) Complete the following sentences using ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘too’ or ‘enough’. a) There were ___________________ many questions to answer, so I ran out of time. b) ___________________ should I vote for? c) We all know ___________________ pulled that prank. d) She is old ___________________ to make her own bed now. I Feel 8) Have you been on a train journey? Do you think that train journeys are interesting and fun? Why or why not? Ans. 9) If you were given a chance to ride on any one of the trains mentioned in the lesson, which one would it be and why? Ans. 3322
I Speak Think of yourself as a train that has completed many journeys. Now you get a chance to talk about your life. Speak about all the adventures that you have had on your journeys. Imagine that a few new students have joined your school. They ask you for directions. Divide your class into pairs. Student A asks for directions, and Student B gives directions to different parts of the school such as the library, the Principal’s office, the staff room, the rest room and so on. Listen and Say Aloud The magic ‘e’ can + e = cane bit + e = bite hop + e = hope tap + e = tape pan + e = pane man + e = mane kit + e = kite rip + e = ripe The pronunciation of words changes when the magic ‘e’ is added. Word Dictation 10) Listen to your teacher and write the words. c) a) b) f) d) e) i) g) h) The Mountain Railways 33 A Good Play
Language Game Crossword puzzle Down 1. A synonym for ‘trip’. 2. They run on tracks. 3. A sandy place near the sea to spend your holiday. 4. Carry this if you are travelling during the monsoon season. Across 3. You may use these to view things that are far away. 5. Wear this on your head when the sun is too bright. 12 34 5 3344
Listening Audio 11) What was the king famous for? Ans. 12) Why did the king’s subjects always try to follow the rules? Ans. 13) What was the king fond of? Ans. 14) How old were the vases in the king’s collection? Ans. 15) Who made the king realise his mistake? Ans. Connect the Dots Science Fun The first working steam locomotive was made in the year 1804 by Richard Trevithick. Here is a picture of the first steam engine. Did you know that steam engines use coal and work on the power of steam? On the other hand, our modern train engines run on electricity. The Mountain Railways 35 A Good Play
Social Studies Fun Have you seen trees that grow in hilly places like Shimla and Darjeeling? These trees are naturally designed to withstand cold and snowfall. They have tough, needle-like leaves to withstand the cold. Instead of flowers, the trees have cones. These cones have seeds in them. Such trees are called coniferous trees. Examples: pine, spruce, cedar, deodar and fir trees A Note to Parent Travel creates the most wonderful memories for us and especially for children. Help your child record these memories by encouraging them to maintain a travel diary whenever they travel. 3366
14Lesson Oh! The Places You’ll Go … Adventure and Imagination Warm Up • What do you do during your summer holidays? • Is it important to travel during every vacation? Can one do interesting things in one’s own city during the summer holidays? Share your thoughts. Let us read a story about a girl named Mohini and her most wonderful trip during her summer holidays. I Read Summer vacations were over. Days of slurping ice creams, drinking mango panna and lazing around in the afternoons were over. But Mohini wanted to stay in bed till late. ‘Wake up, Mohini! Do you want to be late for school on the very first slurping day after the holidays and set a bad example?’ Mohini’s mother scolded her. ‘I am waking up, Maa’, said Mohini, rubbing her eyes. Mohini quickly brushed, got dressed and sat down for breakfast. As she sat nibbling at the mint chutney sandwich, her mind was repeating Miss Nalini’s words: ‘Everyone has A Good Play 37
to speak about the places that they travel to during their summer vacations. It accounts for 50 percent of the total marks. And everybody will need to speak on the first day after the summer break.’ ?summer break What did Mohini’s ‘I am leaving for work. I have kept mother do for a your lunch ready’, her mother said. living? Mohini’s father had passed away when she was just three years old. Her mother had started stitching clothes to support them financially. She could earn enough to send her daughter to a good school but not enough to go on a holiday. ‘What will I tell Miss Nalini? I did not travel to any place during the summer vacation. Yes, I will tell her this, because this is the truth and we should always tell the truth.’ No! Mohini shuddered at the thought of losing fifty percent marks. What was she supposed to do? The students rushed into their classrooms eagerly on the first day of shuddered school. Everyone was busy chatting with each other. Mohini sat alone in a corner, thinking hard. Miss Nalini walked in, and the class greeted her in a loud and monotonous voice, ‘Good morning Misssssss!’ ‘Good morning, students. So good to see all of you back. Before I ask you to share about the place you travelled to during the summer holidays, let me tell you about my trip.’ It seemed as though Miss Nalini was in a good mood. ‘I visited Shimla with my family. It is a beautiful hill station and the capital of Himachal Pradesh. Everything was so different from here. The food, the climate, the trees. It was a lovely trip!’ she said. One by one, the students began talking about their holidays. ‘Miss, I visited Kochi. My dadi lives there. We went in an aeroplane. My first time in an aeroplane!’ Rohan beamed. Shefali spoke about her experience next. ‘Miss, I went to my village in Odisha, near Bhubaneswar. The best part was the trip to Nandan Kanan Zoo. I saw crocodiles, snakes…‘ ‘Yikes’, thought Mohini. How could someone enjoy snakes and yikes crocodiles? They are so disgusting. The next to speak was Aditya. ‘Miss, we went to Paris ? Who among this vacation. We visited many museums there. I was so Mohini’s classmates bored. We also visited the Eiffel Tower. The best part saw the Eiffel was the visit to Disneyland.’ The entire class was Tower? listening eagerly to his description. 3388
Mohini felt uncomfortable in her seat as it was her turn to speak next. What will she say? Everybody would laugh at her. She stood up, took a deep breath and spoke. ‘Miss, this summer vacation I visited the library.’ ‘What?’ Her neighbour Rima started laughing. Soon, the entire class embarrassed was making fun of her. Mohini’s eyes filled with tears. She stared at the blackboard, feeling embarrassed. ‘Enough, all of you! Let Mohini complete what she has to say.’ Miss Nalini nodded at Mohini with a smile, encouraging her. Mohini cleared her throat, wiped her face and began. ‘This summer vacation, I decided to read as many books as I could because Dr Seuss says in one of his books: ‘The more you read, The more things you will know, The more that you learn, The more places you’ll go.’ When I read different books, I was transported to another world. I read books about magical trees, animals that could talk, princes and princesses, witches and giants, magical spells and curses. I read about different cultures. I read about great people of the world – M K Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Albert Einstein and Mother Teresa. I visited several places while sitting in the library, and I learned a lot.’ Miss Nalini rose from her seat and hugged Mohini. ‘To explore the world, we don’t have to travel. All we need is an open mind and a willingness to learn. Everything around us is waiting to be explored, to tell us a story. Well done, Mohini!’ – Surbhi Sarna New Words Word Meaning slurping nibbling summer break passed away Oh! The Places You’ll Go … 39 A Good Play
Word Meaning shuddered monotonous beamed yikes disgusting embarrassed explore I Speak Divide your class into pairs. Ask your partner about the places that they would like to visit and the reason they want to visit them. Take turns and make notes as your partner speaks. Then, share your partner’s thoughts with the rest of the class. Where else could Mohini have gone, other than the library, during her summer holidays? Divide your class into groups. Imagine that Mohini lives in your city. Suggest a few interesting places to visit within the city. Discuss with your group why you think these places are worth visiting. Listen and Say Aloud Nouns with two syllables Verbs with two syllables (stress the first syllable) (stress the second syllable) object present object present record project record project 4400
Sentence Dictation 1) Listen to your teacher and write the sentences. a) b) c) d) e) Language Game Who am I? Think of a popular place – a city, a country or a monument – that you know of. Give your classmates clues without using the name of the place. For example, ‘I am standing where…’ (mention what you know about the place, for example, where Taj Mahal is situated – Agra – or where Pongal is celebrated – Tamil Nadu) The rest of the class has to guess the place. You can give three clues for each place. Listening Audio 2) What will you see bats doing if you enter a dark cave in the daytime? [ ] a) eating b) flying around c) hanging upside down from the ceiling d) sitting on the floor 3) What do we call animals that venture out at night? [ ] a) amphibians b) bats c) scary d) nocturnal Oh! The Places You’ll Go … 41 A Good Play
4) Name the two categories of bats. [ ] a) microbats and megabats b) megabats and minibats [ ] c) microbats and giant bats d) microbats and minibats [ ] 5) How are bats our friends? a) they eat insects that disturb us b) they live in caves c) they are good pets d) they fly only at night 6) How do bats find food at night? a) by using smell b) by using echolocation c) by using their eyes d) by using their claws Connect the Dots Maths Fun ‘Mohini shuddered at the thought of losing 50 percent of her marks.’ You have learnt what a percentage is. It means a part in every hundred. It is denoted by the ‘%’ symbol. 50 is half of 100, so 50 percent means half of a given number. If Mohini got 80 marks, how much is 50 percent of her marks? Social Studies Fun Aditya visited the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Did you know that the Eiffel Tower is the most-visited monument in the world? The tower is as tall as an 81-storey building and is the tallest structure in Paris. the Eiffel Tower A Note to Parent Encourage your child to read about places, people and their cultures. A well-exposed mind can only be developed by travelling and reading. Try to provide both for your child. 4422
15Lesson The World from a Railway Carriage Transport Warm Up • Have you ever travelled in a train and watched the view from the window of things passing by? How did it feel? • Did you feel as if the trees and electric poles were moving in the opposite direction? Describe your experience. About the Poet Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894) is best known as the author of the children’s book, Treasure Island. He was a 19th century Scottish writer. A few of his famous works are An Inland Voyage, Kidnapped and so on. You may have read a few of his poems. Let us read a poem in which the poet describes how the world looks from a speeding train. I Read Faster than fairies, faster than witches, Bridges and houses, hedges and ditches; hedges witch A Good Play 43
troop And charging along like troops in a battle, In the poem, meadow All through the meadows, the horses and cattle. ? what seems All of the sights of the hills and the plains, to charge Fly as thick as driving rain; along like And ever again, in the wink of an eye, troops in a battle? Painted stations whistle by. How do the Here is a child who clambers and scrambles, ? hills and plains All by himself and gathering brambles; look from the Here is a tramp who stands and gazes; speeding train? And here is the green for stringing the daisies! tramp Here is a cart runaway in the road Lumping along with man and load; And here is a mill and there is a river; brambles Each a glimpse and gone forever! lumping – Robert Louis Stevenson mill New Words Word Meaning witches hedges ditches charging troops meadows scrambles brambles tramp lumping 4444
Word Meaning mill Literature Comprehension A) Direct questions and answers 1) What is the poem about? Ans. 2) W hat is the child doing all by himself? Ans. 3) Describe the cart that the child sees. Ans. B) Reference to context 4) ‘All of the sights of the hills and the plains, Fly as thick as driving rain;’ a) Where is the child when he sees the scenes of the hills and plains? Ans. b) What flies as thick as driving rain? Ans. c) In these lines, which words emphasise speed? Ans. 5) ‘And ever again, in the wink of an eye, Painted stations whistle by.’ a) What does the phrase ‘in the wink of an eye’ mean? Ans. The World from a Railway Carriage 45 A Good Play
b) How does the poet visualise the passing stations? Ans. c) How does the train cross different stations? Ans. C) Answer the following 6) Complete the sentences by matching the ideas in Column A to those in Column B. Column A Column B a) The child shares with us his A) who is standing and experience of staring. b The child says that the train B) for a very short time. runs faster than C) travelling by train. c) The child gathers d) The child also sees a tramp D) the flying fairies or the moving witches. e) T he child sees the mill and the river E) thorny bushes all by himself. RP Vocabulary Q Synonyms A synonym of a word is another word that means the same as, or nearly the same as, itself. A correct synonym of a word can be chosen based on its meaning and usage. Examples: She had a difficult decision to make. Here, the correct synonym of ‘difficult’ is tough. Lily could be difficult. Here, the synonym of ‘difficult’ is troublesome. Note that a synonym may share an identical meaning with another word, but the two words are not necessarily interchangeable. For example, ‘blow up’ and ‘explode’ have the same meaning, but ‘blow up’ is informal and ‘explode’ is more formal. 4466
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