202110724-PERFORM-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SCIENCE-G06-FY_Optimized

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. State whether the statements are true or false: 4. Choose from the options a, b, c and d given in 1. A bulb converts electrical energy into light figure as to which shows the correct direction energy. of current. 2. Electric wires are covered with good insulators. (a) (b) II. Answer in one sentence: (c) (d) 1. Why is tungsten used as a filament in the bulb? 2. Which gas is used in an electric bulb? 5. Choose the incorrect statement. 3. Why do circuits have switches? a. A switch is the source of electric current in a circuit. III. Identify complete and incomplete circuits in b. A switch helps to complete or break the the following diagrams and explain as to why circuit. they are incomplete circuits. c. A switch helps us to use electricity as per our requirement. IV. Choose the correct option: d. When the switch is open there is an air gap 1. What supplies energy in an electric circuit? between its terminals. a. A conductor b. Light bulb 6. In an electric bulb, light is produced due to the c. A wire glowing of: d. A battery a. The glass case of the bulb. 2. Filament of electric bulbs is made up of: b. The thin filament. a. Tungsten c. The thick wires supporting the filament. b. Copper d. Gases inside glass case of the bulb. c. Iron d. Aluminium 7. In the following arrangement shown in figure, 3. A device to complete an electric circuit is: the bulb will not glow if the ends A and B are a. An electrical switch connected with: b. A battery c. A cable a. A steel spoon d. A cell b. A metal clip c. A plastic clip d. A copper wire 87

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 8. Paheli is running short of connecting wires. 4. Why do bulbs have two terminals? To complete an electric circuit, she may use a: 5. A torch is not functioning, though contact points a. Glass bangle. b. Thick thread. in the torch are in working condition. What can c. Rubber pipe. be the possible reasons for this? Mention any d. Steel spoon. three. 9. Gas that is used to fill an electric bulb is: a. Oxygen b. Nitrogen c. Argon d. Hydrogen V. Answer the following: 1. In which of the following circuits A, B and C given in figure will the cell be used up very rapidly? 2. Figure shows a bulb with its different parts marked as 1, 2,3, 4 and 5. Which of them shows the terminals of the bulb? 3. An electric bulb is connected to a cell through a switch as shown in figure. When the switch is brought in ‘ON’ position, the bulb does not glow. What could be the possible reasons for it? Mention any two of them. 88

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. State whether the following statements are 6. In the circuit shown in Fig., when the switch is true or false. moved to ‘ON’ position, a. The bulb A will glow first. 1. Plastic is a good conductor of electricity. b. The bulb B will glow first. c. The bulb C will glow first. 2. All electrical appliances have two terminals. d. All bulbs will glow together. 3. Silver is a good conductor of electricity. II. Answer each of these questions: 1. Electric wires are made up of copper. Why? 2. Give two examples of insulators. III. Choose the correct option. 1. Which material is a conductor? a. A plastic b. Silver c. Glass d. Wood 2. Which of the following is a bad conductor of electric current? a. Graphite b. Nichrome c. Diamond d. Iron 3. A thin coil of metal, which glows when electricity is passed through it is called, a. Bulb b. Filament c. Insulator d. Switch 4. Which of the following will allow electric current to pass through? a. Eraser b. Match stick c. Plastic comb d. Iron nail 5. The material used to make the path of an electric circuit is: a. Iron b. Plastic c. Rubber d. Copper 89

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: 8. Identify an electrical gadget which contains a switch on it. 1. A device which is used to close or open a circuit a. Television is: b. Mixer Grinder a. Switch c. Washing Machine b. Bulb d. All of these c. Electric cell d. Wire 9. Do not use appliances if they are: a. Damaged 2. An electric bulb has _____ terminals. b. Working properly c. Wires exposed a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 d. Both A and C 3. What is point ‘A’ in the electric bulb? 10. Paheli had taken a torch that is in good condi- a. Filament tion, two batteries and placed them in the torch b. Gas chamber correctly. When she switched on the torch, it c. Terminal didn’t glow. What could be the reason? d. Metal cap a. Switch is not working properly b. Filament is not working 4. Which of the following non-metals conduct c. Batteries are fused electricity? d. Circuit is not closed a. Glass and rubber b. Wood and paper II. Short Answer Questions: c. Graphite and carbon 1. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a bulb. d. Paper and rubber 2. Write down the steps to make a simple circuit of 5. The protruded end of a cell indicates a ______. your own. a. Negative terminal b. Positive terminal 3. Sometimes when we switch on an electric c. Holder switch, we get a shock? Why? Does electricity d. Filament pass through us? 6. A material which does not allow electricity to III. Long Answer Questions: pass through it is: 1. What are conductors and insulators? Give a. An Insulator b. Conductor atleast two examples of each. c. Electric cell d. Metal wire 7. Match the given correctly. i) Remote car a) Works with electric current as a source ii) Television b) Works with both cell and electric current as a source iii) Laptop c) Works with cell as a source a. i) – b); ii) – a); iii) – c) b. i) – c); ii) – a); iii) – b) c. i) – c); ii) – b); iii) – c) d. i) – b); ii) – c); iii) – a) 90

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 2. Paheli conducted a test to find whether the given material is a conductor or insulator by replacing it with a switch in a simple electric circuit. Given below are the observations in the form of a table with blanks. Fill in the table. S. No Object Name of Does the bulb glow the when it is connect- ed in a circuit (Yes/ material No) 1. Hair pin Metal 2. Pencil lead 3. Eraser Rubber 4. Plastic Scale 5. Matchstick 6. Divider from geometry box 7. Piece of paper 8. Paper clip 9. Piece of chalk 10. Piece of metal bangle 11. Piece of glass bangle 12. Iron nail : 91

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Fill in the blanks: (6 Marks) 1. An electric _________ is a continuous path along which current flows. 2. Source of electricity in an electric cell are the _________ stored in it. 3. A device that is used to break/complete an electric circuit is _________. 4. Copper is a good example of a ___________. 2. Paheli connected two bulbs to a cell as shown in figure. She found that filament of bulb B is 5. If the filament of a bulb is snapped,it is said to broken. Will the bulb A glow in this circuit? be __________. Give reason. II. Say true or false: (5 Marks) 1. Impure water can conduct electricity. 2. In an electric cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. 3. A metal disc is a positive terminal. III. Answer the following: (4Marks) 1. A torch requires 3 cells. Show the arrangement of the cells,with a diagram, inside the torch so that the bulb glows. 92

13. Fun With Magnets Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Demonstrate finding directions using a magnet. • Narrate the discovery of a magnet • Make an own magnet. • Classify objects into magnetic and non-magnet- • Test for attraction and repulsion between the ic substances. magnets. • Identify the poles of a magnet. • Explain ways to take care of the magnet. Concept Map Fun with magnets Discovery of Magnetic and Poles of Finding Making your Armbetetparatuagwnclnsdeteiieootnsnn Care of magnets non magnetic magnets directions own magnet magnets materials Key Points • A magnet when suspended freely always comes to rest in N-S direction. • Like poles repel each other. • Unlike poles attract each other. • A magnet can be made temporarily by passing electric current. Such magnets are called electro magnets. • A magnet loses its magnetism if it is heated, hammered or thrown down repeatedly. • Magnets are used in compasses and in electronic gadgets. Keywords – Magnet, electromagnet, compass, magnatite 93

13. Fun With Magnets Work Plan Concept Coverage Details Practice Sheet Simulation/Video Magnetic and Magnets of different non-magnetic mate- • Discovery of magnet rials • Magnetic materials PS-1 shapes Poles of magnet • Non-magnetic materials • Poles of magnet PS-2 Using the magnet as Uses of magnet • Properties of magnet a compass • Finding the direction Applications of magnet in PS-3 Making your own daily life PS-4 magnet Self-evaluation Worksheet for “Fun With Magnets” Sheet Evaluation with self- check or peer check* 94

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Say whether the following statements are true or false: 1. A magnetic material will contain cobalt and nickel. 2. Things made up of alnico are non magnetic. 3. Every magnet has two poles. 4. Like poles attract each other. 5. Magnets attract all materials. 6. Magnets can attract or repel from a distance. II. Answer in a sentence: 1. Name two magnetic materials 2. Name two non magnetic materials. 3. What will happen if two unlike poles of bar magnets are brought together. 4. Where will you find maximum magnetic force in a magnet? III. Answer each of these questions: 1. Three identical iron bars are kept on a table. Two out of three bars are magnets. In one of the magnets, the North-South poles are marked. How will you find out which of the other two bars is a magnet? Identify the poles of this magnet. 2. A toy car has a bar magnet hidden inside its body along its length. Using another magnet, how will you find out which pole of the magnet is facing the front of the car? 95

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Fill in the blanks: 4. Four identical iron bars were dipped in a heap of 1. Magnet was first discovered at a place called iron filings one by one. Fig. shows the amount _____________. of iron filings sticking to each of them. 2. Iron is a ____________ substance. 3. Rubber is a ______________ substance. a. Which of the iron bar is likely to be the 4. Like poles ___________ each other and unlike strongest magnet? poles ___________ each other. 5. Maximum force of attraction in a magnet will be b. Which of the iron bars is not a magnet? at its __________. Justify your answer. 6. A ____________ is used by sailors to find directions. 7. Cranes use____________________ for lifting heavy iron girdlers. 8. Every magnet has ________________ poles. 9. __________ is a piece of iron bar with a current carrying wire wound around it. 10. Needle of a compass is a small _________ which orients in Earth’s magnetic field. II. Classify the following into magnetic and non magnetic substances from the list given below: iron steel, nickle, plastic, cobalt, wood, copper stainless steel spoon, leather belt III. Answer the following questions: 1. Paheli and her friends were decorating the class bulletin board. She dropped the box of stainless steel pins by mistake. She tried to collect the pins using a magnet. She could not succeed. What could be the reason for this? 2. How will you test that ‘tea dust’ is not adulterated with iron powder? 3. Boojho dipped a bar magnet in a heap of iron filings and pulled it out. He found that iron filings got stuck to the magnet as shown in Fig. a. Which regions of the magnet have more iron filings sticking to it? b. What are these regions called? 96

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: The strength of these magnets will be 1. Which of the following statement is correct for the given pictures? a. A > B > C a. In A, cars 1 and 2 will come closer and in B, b. A < B < C cars 3 and 4 will come closer. c. A = B = C b. In A, cars 1 and 2 will move away from each other and in B, cars 3 and 4 will move away. d. A < B > C c. In A, cars 1 and 2 will move away and in B, 3 4. North pole of a magnet can be identified by and 4 will come closer to each other. a. Another magnet having its poles marked as North pole and South pole. d. In A, cars 1 and 2 will come closer to each b. Another magnet no matter whether the poles other and in B, 3 and 4 will move away from are marked or not. each other. c. Using an iron bar. d. Using iron filings. 2. The arrangement to store two magnets is shown by figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) in Fig. Which one 5. A bar magnet is immersed in a heap of iron of them is the correct arrangement? filings and pulled out. The amount of iron filling clinging to the: a. (a) a. North pole is almost equal to the south pole. b. (b) b. North pole is much more than the south pole. c. (c) c. North pole is much less than the south pole. d. (d) d. Magnet will be same all along its length. 3. Three magnets A, B and C were dipped one by one in a heap of iron filing. Fig. shows the 6. The ends of the magnet where the magnetic amount of the iron filing sticking to them. effects are strongest are: a. Poles b. Holes c. Ends d. Corners 7. A magnetic material among the following is: a. Wood b. Steel c. Zinc d. Aluminum 8. A non magnetic material among the following is: a. Cobalt b. Iron c. Aluminium d. Steel 9. Which of these is true about earth’s magnetic field? a. It stretches out into space. b. It keeps the moon in orbit. c. There is no magnetic field d. It is found only in the centre. 97

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 10. The one which has magnet inside it is: a. Electric motor b. Piano c. Candle d. Spring 11. The best way to magnetise a steel pin is to: a. Strike it with a magnet b. Heat it c. Put it in water d. Hit it with a magnet 12. What happens when a bar magnet is suspended freely? a. It always remains in the N-S direction. b. It always remains vertical. c. It always remains in the E-W direction. d. It will start oscillating. 13. Which of these materials can be used to make a temporary magnet? a. A piece of iron b. A piece of paper c. A piece of wood d. A piece of plastic 14. Which of these will result in loss of magnetism of a magnet? a. Washing b. Hammering c. Sun drying d. Cooling II. Answer each of these questions. 1. Describe the steps involved in magnetising an iron strip with the help of a magnet. 2. Figure shows a magnetic campass. What will happen to the position of its needle if you bring a bar magnet near it? Draw a diagram to show the effect on the needle on bringing the bar magnet near it. Also draw the diagram to show the effect when the other end of the bar magnet is brought near it. 98

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: 7. Boojho had hidden Raju’s cycle key in sand. 1. Who discovered the magnet? Now Raju needs a magnet made of _______ to find his compass in sand. a. A Shepherd a. Rubber b. A Scientist b. Plastic c. A Chemist c. Iron d. A Physician d. Wood 2. Which of the following is a non-magnetic substance? 8. Which of the following is a huge natural magnet that attracts all objects? a. b. a. Earth b. Bar magnet c. d. c. Horseshoe magnet 3. Like poles _______ and unlike poles ________. d. Ball ended magnets a. repel, attract 9. While storing a horseshoe magnet one should b. attract, repel keep a piece of ______ across the poles. c. does not show effect, repel a. Wood d. repel, does not show effect b. Iron 4. To which part of a magnet will a greater number c. Plastic of iron filings get attracted? d. Rubber a. At centre b. At Poles 10. We need to keep magnets away from these so c. Throughout the magnet that they do not lose the magnetic properties? d. All of these a. Mobiles, cassettes 5. How do magnets lose their property? b. Music system, television a. By heating them c. Compact disks, computers b. By hammering them d. All of these c. By dropping them from certain height d. All of these II. Short Answer Questions: 6. Which of the following is a horseshoe magnet? 1. Mention any 3 uses of magnets. 2. In some pin holders, the pins seem to be stick- ing to the holder. Give reason. In what way this arrangement is useful? 3. Boojho had done an activity in which he tried bringing different materials near a magnet to find which of the materials get attracted to- wards magnet. Given below are the observa- tions in the form of a table with blanks. Fill in the table. a. b. c. d. 99

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) Object Material with Attracted by Magnet which it is made Jump clip Iron Yes/ No Belt Plastic Yes Nail Key chain Pen III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Explain all the properties of a magnet. 2. What happens if we place the bar magnet very close to a safety pin for a long time but it does not touch it? 100

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Match the following: (4 Marks) COLUMN II ANSWER i. Rests along a particular direc- COLUMN I tion. a. Magnet attracts By another magnet whose poles are marked. b. Magnets can be repelled ii. By another magnet. Iron filings. c. Magnet if suspended freely iii. d. Poles of magnet can be identified iv. by II. Say true or false: (4 Marks) 2. How does a magnetic compass work? 1. A cylindrical magnet has only one pole. 2. Force of attraction is minimum at the poles. 3. Earth behaves like a giant magnet. 4. When a bar magnet is broken, each piece will IV. Answer in detail: (3 Marks) have only one magnetic pole. III. Answer in complete sentences: (4 Marks) 1. A bar magnet is cut into pieces A and B, from the middle, as shown in the Fig. 1. How can a magnet be demagnetised? Will the two pieces act as individual magnets? Mark the poles of these two pieces. Suggest an activity to verify your answer. 101

14. Water Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Analyse the impact of heavy rains/no rains on life • Realise the amount of water used by him/her. forms. • Identify sources of water. • Explain water cycle using terms like evaporation, • States reasons for water conservation. • List the ways to conserve water. condensation and precipitation. • Explain rainwater harvesting. • Illustrate water cycle schematically. Concept Map Water Water usage Sowuracteesr of Water cycle Heavy rains Water Droughts Meteors conservation Key Points • Two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered with water. • Rivers, lakes, wells and natural reservoirs under the ground have fresh water. • We need water to drink, wash, cook food, irrigate fields and manufacture things. • Evaporation →condensation →precipitation are the three steps of a water cycle. • Excessive rains in a place results in floods. • When a place does not receive rain for successive years, it causes droughts. • Rainwater harvesting and building check dams are ways of conserving water. Key words - River, lake, sea, ocean, conservation, evaporation, condensation, flood, drought, dams, rainwater harvesting 102

14. Water Work Plan Concept Coverage Details Practice Sheet PS - 01 Sources of water Various sources of water PS - 02 Water cycle • Evaporation • Condensation PS - 03 • Precipitation PS - 04 • Rains Self-evaluation Sheet Importance of water and • Importance of water conservation of water • Water conservation techniques Worksheet for “Water” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 103

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Fill in the blanks: 1. Sea water has many salts dissolved in it. Hence it is ________________. 2. Water from the ocean gets ____________________ by the sun. 3. Loss of water by the plants from their aerial parts is known as _______________. 4. Clouds are formed from the water vapour by the process of ______________________. 5. Rainfall, snow, hail stones are formed by the process of ____________________. 6. The water that seeps down and becomes available later is the ______________. 7. When the ground water becomes very scarce, it leads to _______________. 8. “Catch water when it falls” is the basics behind _________________________. II. Say true or false: 1. Water evaporates faster on a hot summer day when compared to a cloudy day. 2. Excessive rain in an area leads to droughts. 3. Water is a natural resource. 4. About 2/3rd of Earth is covered with water. III. Name the following: 1. Two natural sources of water. 2. Two freshwater bodies. IV. Complete the diagram on the water cycle and label the three process of water cycle. 104

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Choose the correct option: 1. Why can’t the water in oceans be used for drinking and agriculture? a. It has high salt content. b. It is poisonous. c. It has high levels of pollution. d. It has high fluoride content. 2. What are the three states of matter? a. Ice, water and snow. b. Ice, water and water vapour. c. Water, dew and rain. d. Snow, hail and water vapour. 3. Water in our tap comes from a: a. River b. Lake c. Well d. All of the above 4. In which of the following cases will the evaporation of water be the slowest? a. A tray of water kept in sunlight. b. A kettle of water kept on a burner. c. A glass of water kept in a room. d. A bucket of water kept on rooftop. 5. Transpiration is a process in which plants: a. Receive water from soil. b. Absorb water vapour from air. c. Prepare food from water. d. Release water vapour. 6. Clouds are: a. Tiny drops of water floating in air. b. Mixture of dust and water vapour. c. Particles of water vapour. d. Rain drops in air. 105

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 4. Floods cause extensive damage to I. Answer the following questions: a. Crops. 1. Look at Fig. Write down activities shown in b. Property and human life. this figure in which water is being used. c. Domestic animals. d. All of the above. 5. Wells are fed by a. Pond water. b. Lake water. c. Rain water. d. Ground water. 2. Why do wet clothes placed on a clothes line dry after some time? Explain. 3. Water kept in sunlight gets heat from sun and is evaporated. But how does water kept under the shade of a tree evaporate? Explain. 4. How do the areas covered with concrete affect the availability of ground water? 5. Dissolve two spoons of common salt in half a cup of water. Now if you want to get the salt back, what will you do? 6. Write any two activities which require more than a bucket of water. 7. Write any two activities which require less than one bucket of water. II. Choose the correct option: 1. What is water that can be safely used for human consumption called? a. Polluted water b. Potable water c. Underground water d. Harvested water 2. Why are check dams built? a. For recreation b. To purify water c. To cause rainfall d. To conserve water 3. From where can rainwater be harvested? a. From rivers b. From wells c. From roof tops d. From clouds 106

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: a. By providing shelter b. By giving food and water 1. Sea water is saline in nature. It means: c. By providing medical facilities a. Sea water in sweet d. All of these b. Sea water is sour c. Sea water is salty 9. In which of the following situations does d. Sea water is bitter evaporation speed up? a. Bucket of water placed inside the house 2. ‘Catch water where it falls’ means: b. Tub of water placed in the Sun a. Rainwater harvesting c. Water stored in overhead tank b. Situation of drought d. Water stored in underground sump c. Situation of floods d. Forming clouds 10. Which of the following activities does not require water? 3. ______ are natural disasters that affect human a. Washing clothes life. b. Cleaning utensils a. Social gatherings c. Drying wet clothes b. Floods d. Bathing c. Festivals d. Families II. Short Answer Questions: 1. Where do we get water from? 4. Transpiration is a process in which plants _____ a. absorb water vapour from air 2. In which season do we feel water scarcity? Give b. release water vapour reasons. c. receive water from soil d. prepare food from water 3. A person driving a car in the rain cleans the front glass from inside. Why does he do so? 5. During which of the following festivals is water consumption more? III. Long Answer Questions: a. Holi 1. Explain any two calamities that occur due to b. Diwali c. Id water and its effects. d. Christmas 6. Which of the following processes comprise of both evaporation and condensation? a. Transpiration b. Drying of clothes c. Water cycle d. Formation of fog 7. The immediate impacts of floods include: a. Loss of human life and property b. Destruction of crops c. Waterborne diseases d. All of these 8. How should we help the people suffering in the situation of floods? 107

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 2. Can we drink the water available in the sea? If your answer is no, what type of water is needed for our drinking purpose? Write the sources of it. How do they get water? 108

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Fill In The Blanks: (6 Marks) 1. Water, as ____a___goes into atmosphere by the processes of ___b______ and ______c_______ and forms ___d________, which on condensation fall in the form of ______e_______ and ________f________. II. Say true or false: (2 Marks) 1. Open wells are fed by ground water. 2. Plants lose water from aerial parts by transpiration. III. Answer in a sentence or two: (4 Marks) 1. State any two ways to conserve water. 2. How do areas covered with concrete affect the availability of ground water? IV. Answer in brief: (3 Marks) 1. Most of the water that falls on land as rain and snow, sooner or later, goes back to a sea or an ocean. Explain how it happens? 109

15. Air Around Us • Describe the role of photosynthesis in replenish- ing oxygen in the atmosphere. Learning Outcomes • State the practical uses of air in day-to-day life At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: with examples. • Explain the composition of air. • Explain availability of oxygen to animals and plants in soil and water. Concept Map Air around us Air is omnipresent Composition of air Oxygen availabil- Respplehneirsichionxgyagteonm- ity to plants and animals in water and soil Water Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Dust and Vapour dioxide Smoke Key Points • The layer of the air surrounding the earth is called atmosphere. • Air contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour and dust particles. So it is described as a mixture. • Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen during photosynthesis. • All plants and animals take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide during respiration. • Atmosphere of the earth protects all forms of life from the intense heat, cold and UV rays from the sun. Key words – Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour, windmill, tube well, photosynthesis, atmosphere  110

15. Air Around Us Work Plan Concept Coverage Details Practice Sheet PS - 1 Properties and components • Properties of air of air • Nitrogen PS - 2 • Oxygen PS - 3 • Dust and smoke PS - 4 • Carbon dioxide Self-evaluation • Water vapour Sheet Oxygen cycle • Oxygen cycle • Importance of oxygen cycle • Importance of oxygen to the living beings SPractical uses of air • Windmill • Dispersal of seeds • Flight of flying organisms Worksheet for “Air Around Us” Evaluation with self- check or peer check* 111

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Choose the correct option: 9. Usha took a lump of dry soil in a glass and added water to it till it was completely 1. Gas that is present in large amount in air: immersed. She observed bubbles coming out. The bubbles contain: a. Oxygen. a. Water vapour. b. Nitrogen. b. Only oxygen gas. c. Carbon dioxide. c. Air. d. Water vapour. d. None of these. 2. In nature, water evaporates: II. Answer each of these questions: a. At night. 1. State the characteristics of air. b. All the time. a. Air occupies space. c. During the day. b. Air is present everywhere. d. Only in summer. c. Air is colourless. d. Air is transparent. 3. The layer of air surrounding the earth is: 2. In a number of musical instruments, air plays a. Lithosphere. an important role. Can you name any two such b. Biosphere. instruments? c. Hydrosphere. d. Atmosphere. 3. In the boxes of Column I the letters of some words got jumbled. Arrange them in proper 4. Weather is mostly the changes that occur: form in the boxes given in Column II a. During the day. Column I Column II b. At night. (a) D I L L M W I N c. During summer. (b) Y N O G X E (a) d. In the air around us. (c) M E S K O (b) (d) T U D S (c) 5. Which one of the following statements is true? (d) a. Air is opaque. b. Air is made up of only one substance. c. Air contains water vapour. d. Air contains no gases. 6. What is not true about air? a. It makes the windmill rotate. b. It helps in the movements of aeroplanes. c. Birds can fly due to presence of air. d. It has no role in water cycle. 7. Mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them because: a. There is no oxygen on high mountains. b. There is deficiency of oxygen on mountains at high altitude. c. Oxygen is used for cooking. d. Oxygen keeps them warm at low temperature. 8. The components of air which are harmful to living beings are: a. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide. b. Dust and water vapour. c. Dust and smoke. d. Smoke and water vapour. 112

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Answer each of these questions: 1. Which gas is taken in and given out during photosynthesis? 2. Make scientifically meaningful sentences using the given set of words. a. 99%, oxygen, nitrogen, air, together b. Respiration, dissolved, animals, air, aquatic c. Air, wind, motion, called 3. On a Sunday morning Paheli’s friend visited her home. She wanted to see some flowering plants in the nearby garden. Both of them went to the garden. While returning from the garden they also observed some flowering plants on the road side. But to their surprise they found that the leaves and flowers of these roadside plants were comparatively very dull. Can you help them to know why? II. Choose the correct option: 1. There would be no food for animals if the air did not contain a. Microorganisms b. Nitrogen gas c. Carbon dioxide gas d. Oxygen gas 2. Removal of water vapour from plant bodies in the form of water vapours is called a. Photosynthesis b. Respiration c. Transpiration d. Condensation 3. A gas that is exhaled out during respiration and inhaled by plants during photosynthesis is a. Carbon dioxide b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Hydrogen 4. Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. All living things require air to breathe. b. We can feel air but we cannot see it. c. Moving air makes it possible to fly a kite. d. Air is present everywhere but not in soil. 113

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Match the following: Description Answer Uses carbon dioxide to produce food and oxygen Term Removal of water from plants 1. Nitrogen fixation Converts nitrogen to usable form 2. Respiration Uses oxygen and glucose to produce energy and carbon 3. Combustion dioxide Burning, uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide 4. Transpiration 5. Photosynthesis II. Say whether the following statements are true IV. Observe the picture given in Fig. carefully and or false: answer the following questions: 1. Air is found everywhere. True 2. Soil does not contain air. False 1. What is covering the nose and mouth of the 3. Moving air makes it possible to glide. True police man? 4. Nitrogen supports combustion. False 5. Birds, bats and insects fly due to presence of 2. Why is he putting a cover on his nose? air. True 3. Can you comment on air quality of the place III. Fill in the blanks: shown in the Fig.? 1. Wecannotseeair butcan___________________ it. 2. _ ___________ is the layer of air around the earth. 3. Gas that is essential for supporting life is ___ _____________. 4. ___ _______________ use energy from air to generate electricity. 114

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: c. Carbon dioxide 1. Air contains: d. Air a. Gases 8. Mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them b. Dust Particles while climbing mountain. Why do they do so? c. Water vapour a. To help them breathe at higher places in the at- d. All of these mosphere where the air gets rarer. b. To collect oxygen 2. The major part of air constitutes __________ c. To collect nitrogen gas. d. To fill the cylinders with water vapour a. Oxygen b. Nitrogen 9. The conclusion of the activity demonstration by c. Carbon dioxide the given diagram is _____________. d. Hydrogen a. Air is necessary for Glass tumbler 3. Which of the following gases allow burning? breathing a. Carbon dioxide b. Nitrogen b. Air is needed for plants to Candle c. Oxygen grow d. Hydrogen c. Air helps burning 4. Which of the following does not allow burning? a. Carbon dioxide d. Air has many gases b. Nitrogen c. Water 10. During an incident of fire, we should wrap a d. All of these woollen blanket over a burning object? What is the reason? 5. What is the given portion of air constituted of? a. Blanket helps air to pass through it a. Carbon dioxide b. Blanket cuts off the contact of air with burning b. Water vapour object c. Other gases c. Air has many gases d. All of these d. The person feels very cold 6. Which of the following gases is ‘colourless, II. Short Answer Questions odourless and combustible’ in nature? 1. What percentage of different components are a. Oxygen b. Water vapour present in air? c. Nitrogen 2. You are given an empty bottle. How can you d. C arbon dioxide show that it is filled with air? 7. In a closed room, if there is some material that 3. How are human activities affecting aquatic is burning, we may feel suffocation due to the presence of _________. lives? Give suggestions. a. Oxygen b. Dust particles III. Long Answer Questions 1. Write about air, its properties, components of air and uses of air. 2. Oxygen present in air is only 20.9%. All living beings require oxygen. How is it balanced in the air so that all living beings can breathe together for years? What are we supposed to do for the balance of oxygen in air? 115

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Match the following: (5 Marks) ANSWER COLUMN I COLUMN II 1. Weather cock Gases and fine dust particles. 2. Mountaineers Sailing yatch. 3. Fine hair inside the Oxygen cylinders . nose Direction of air flow. 4. Smoke Prevents dust particles entering into lungs. 5. Wind II. A list of words is given in a box. Use IV. Answer the following in a sentence or two: appropriate words to fill up the blanks in the following statements : (4 Marks) (3 Marks) 1. State the composition of air. What would happen if there is no atmosphere? air, oxygen, wind, water vapour, mixture, combination, direction, road, bottles, cylinders. 1. The _____ makes the windmill rotate. 2. Janu took an open and empty bottle and dips 2. A weather clock shows the ______ in which the it upside down into the water. Will the water move inside the bottle? Give reasons to support air is moving at that place. your answer. 3. Mountaineers carry oxygen ______ with them, while climbing high mountains. III. State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct them: (3 Marks) 1. Plants consume oxygen for respiration. 2. Plants produce oxygen during the process of making their own food. 3. Air helps in the movements of sailing yachts and gliders but plays no role in the flight of birds and aeroplanes. 116

16. Garbage in, Garbage out Learning Outcomes • Realise the importance of 3Rs-Reuse, Reduce and Recycle. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the ways garbage is disposed. • Recycle paper. • Classify wastes as biodegradable wastes and • Analyse the impact of using plastics on the envi- non-biodegradable wastes. ronment. • Creates vermicompost using biodegradable • State ideas to reduce plastic usage. wastes and red worms. Concept Map Garbage In Garbage Out Dealing with Vermicomposting Reuse Recycling of paper Plastics garbage Bio-degradable Non Bio-degradable Key Points • Using natural products, reducing, reusing and recycling can help in limiting the waste generation. • Waste is unwanted or used things that are discarded. Keywords: Biodegradable, non-biodegradable, 3Rs, waste, vermicompost, compost, decompose. • Wastes can be broadly classified as biodegradable and non-biodegradable. • Biodegradable wastes are broken down into simpler substances by the decomposers and nutrients get recycled. • Non-biodegradable wastes are not broken down into simpler substances by the decomposers and hence remain the same for years. • Biodegradable wastes like leaves, dead organisms, dung, vegetable waste, leftover food can all be converted into compost. • Red worms are used to hasten the process of decomposition, resulting in vermicompost. • Non-biodegradable wastes can either be reused or recycled. • Plastics form a bane rather than a boon as not all are recycled and form a menace. 117

16. Garbage in, Garbage out Work Plan Concept Coverage Details Practice Sheet PS-1 Types of garbage • Waste substances • Biodegradable waste PS-2 • Non-biodegradable waste PS-3 Waste disposal • Ways of disposing waste substanc- PS-4 es Self-evaluation Sheet • Vermicomposting Plastics • Advantages and disadvantages of Ways to reduce plastic usage plastic. • Ways to reduce plastic Worksheet for “Garbage in, Garbage out” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 118

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Fill in the blanks: 1. _______________ take garbage from the bins. 2. ____________ are large areas for waste disposal. 3. When red worms are used to hasten composting, the resulting product is called a _______. 4. Red worms have _ __________ for biting. II. Say whether the following statements are true or false: 1. Packaging material of flour, biscuits and milk go out as garbage. 2. Compost is made from biodegradable matter. 3. Old newspapers cannot be recycled. 4. Chemicals, metals and plastics are biodegradable. 5. Burning of leaves produce harmless gases. III. Classify the following as biodegradable and non biodegradable wastes: Rotis, metal can, food spilled on dining table, leaves, plastic box, hay, a dead mouse. a dried leaf, a fallen flower, polythene cover, DDT-a chemical, a fruit, nylon shirt, broken glass bottles IV. Give two examples for these: Biodegradable wastes: Non biodegradable wastes: Recyclable wastes: Reusable wastes: Domestic wastes: 119

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Garbage Make manure or not Items I. Fill in the blanks: 1 Egg shells 2 Hay 1. __________ wastes can be converted into useful 3 Dry Flowers compost. 4 Pebbles 5 Broken 2. Drains get choked due to _______________ Pieces of thrown by us. glass 6 Nails and 3. Red worms cannot tolerate very __________ or screws very _________ surroundings. 7 Plastic bangles 4. Tiny organisms that degrade the waste 8 Left over food materials are called ____________. 9 Steel Borken vessel 5. ___________ coloured bins are used for kitchen 10 Dead animals waste. 6. __________ is a simple and effortless process of recycling kitchen wastes. II. Choose the correct option: 1. Which of the following is a biodegradable waste? a. Glass b. Paper c. Chemical fertilisers d. Aluminium foil 2. Generally it takes _______________ to decompose soiled wastes in a landfill. a. 20 days b. 20 weeks c. 20 months d. 20 years. 3. A low lying open area where solid wastes are dumped is a. Landfill b. Water fill c. Pond d. Drains 4. Converting plant and animal wastes into manure is a. Composting b. Decomposting c. Vermicomposting d. Manuring III. Answer each of these questions: 1. Put a tick against the garbage items given in Table which could be converted into manure. Put a cross against the others. 120

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 2. The pie charts A and B shown in figure are based on waste segregation method adopted by two families X and Y respectively. Which of the two families X or Y do you think is more environmentally conscious and why? 3. Given below are steps in vermicomposting and each step has been given an alphabet. Rearrange the steps in the correct sequence and write the alphabets on the chart provided. One step is done for you. F Dig a pit in a suitable place in your garden. C Spread sand on the floor of the pit. E Add vegetable peels and fruits waste in the pit. A Sprinkle water to keep it moist. D Place red worms in the pit. B Cover with a gunny bag or grass. 4. Write 3 sentences on what comes to your mind when you get a chance to see the following: a. A rag picker. b. A cow eating a polythene bag. c. Foul odour emanating from garbage at the entrance of your house. 121

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: waste disposal? 1. Instead of using plastic bags, we can use bags a. Goods carried in paper bags or cloth bags. made up of b. Waste collected in polythene bags for a. Nylon disposal. b. Silk c. Waste separated into those that degrade and c. Rubber d. Paper those that do not. d. Making handicrafts with used up notebooks. 2. When plastic covers are disposed in gardens and parks 9. Paheli gave the following ill effects of the practice of burning dried leaves and other a. Animals may eat them and die. plant parts: b. They make the place very dirty. c. They prevent water flow and seepage into the i. Burning degrades the soil. ii. Burning produces harmful gases/fumes. soil. iii. Precious raw materials to obtain manure at d. All of the above. low cost is lost. 3. Which of the following items cannot be iv. Lot of heat is generated unnecessarily. recycled? The correct reasons of why we should not burn leaves are a. Rubber slippers a. i, ii and iv only b. Groundnut shells b. i, ii, iii, and iv c. Old clothes c. ii and iii only d. Paper from note books. d. ii, iii, and iv only 4. What happens when garbage is dumped into 10. A garbage collector separates items mentioned rivers? below in the garbage into red, green and blue containers for their transfer to landfill, a. Fishes and water plants die. composting pit, and recycling unit respectively. b. Water becomes unfit for drinking. Items: c. Inlets and ground water sources get clogged. d. All of the above. i. Plastic bags ii. Newspaper and journals 5. A paste of paper and clay is iii. Screw and nuts iv. Vegetable peels a. Plaster v. Metal chips b. Paper mache vi. Egg shells c. Plastic paper d. None of the above. 6. The method of preparing compost with the help of earthworms is called a. Composting b. Vermicomposting c. Manuring d. Decomposing 7. If you dump kitchen waste in a pit, it may, after sometime a. Convert into compost. b. Convert into vermicompost. c. Remain as such. d. Remain forever in its dried form. 8. Which of the following activities does not reflect responsible behaviour with regard to 122

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) Which item were transferred to which bin? a. Name the two kinds of waste that need to be separated from each other in two different RED GREEN BLUE waste bins. a. (i) and (iv) (ii) and (iii) (v) and (vi) b. Name two items of waste each that need to b. (i) and (iii) (ii) and (v) (iv) and (vi) be sent to a (a) landfill, (b) for composting. c. (i), (iii) and (v) (iv) and (vi) (ii) only d. (i) and (v) (ii) and (iv) (iii) only 2. Beera, a farmer would clear his field everyday, and burn dry leaves fallen on the ground. After 11. The steps required for conversion of kitchen sometime he found that those living in huts garbage into manure are given below in a near his field were suffering from cough and jumbled form. breathing problems. i. Put garbage in a pit a. Can you explain why? ii. Cover the bottom of the pit with sand b. Also suggest an environment friendly way to iii. Cover the pit loosely with a gunny bag or dispose the dry leaves. grass iv. Add worms Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the above steps? a. (ii); (i); (iii); (iv) b. (i); (ii); (iii); (iv) c. (ii); (iv); (i); (iii) d. (iv); (i); (ii); (iii) II. Answer each of these questions: 1. To what use can you put the following kinds of garbage? a. Rotting smelly garbage Ans: Convert into compost b. Dry leaves collected in a garbage Ans: Use as manure c. Old newspapers III. 1. Read the poem written below and then answer the questions: Blue and Green Two bins, you mean? Yes, they are there to throw your waste. But not in a hurry Nor in a haste. Select from wmausdted,ysieve if seems Separate all itemresaadnyd when they are Place in a blue bin, or one that is green For a voyagceomtoptohsetilnagndfill, or for 123

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: d. Green and Brown 8. Which of the following living organisms is used 1. The blue dustbin is for: a. plastic waste in vermicomposting? b. glass waste a. Mice c. metal waste b. Red worms d. All of these c. Rats d. Snakes 2. Green dustbins are for collecting: 9. Which of the following wastes are NOT sup- a. kitchen waste posed to be used as food for red worms? b. Animal waste a. Vegetable waste c. Plant waste b. Fruit waste d. All of these c. Meat d. Coffee and tea remains 3. Who are safai karamcharis? 10. Which of the following cannot be decomposed a. The people who collect garbage from the bins but can be recycled? at our homes. a. Vegetable peel b. They are social workers b. Left over food c. They are students c. Dried leaves d. They are municipal officers d. Plastic items 4. The garbage that __________________ can be II. Short Answer Questions: used as manure. 1. What is composting and vermicomposting? a. rots almost completely, but still smells bad 2. How do you make vermicompost? b. rots only partially 3. Why are we not supposed to burn plastic items? c. rots completely and not smell d. does not change at all III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Write about the different types of garbage 5. Once the landfill is completely full, it is usually converted into a ______. generated in our day to day activities. a. park 2. Why are red worms used in vermicomposting? b. playground c. Building d. Either (A) or (B) 6. A _________ is a low-lying open area where gar- bage collected from our homes is dumped. a. Gated community b. Landfill c. Agricultural field d. Either (A) or (C) 7. Nowadays, we are given two different coloured dustbins by our local municipality to throw the waste in our houses. Which two colour bins are given? a. Blue and Green b. Blue and Red c. Yellow and Blue 124

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Read the items mentioned in column i and ii and fill in the related process in column iii (3 Marks) Column i Column ii Column iii a. Organic waste Earthworm b. Garbage Dig pit and fill with garbage c. Old news paper Paper bags II. Correct the definitions of certain terms given below by changing only one word: (3 Marks) 2. Why should we not burn plastics? a. Compost: Substances converted into manure for use in industries. b. Landfill: Garbage buried under water in an V. What happens when (3 Marks) area. a. Cooking medium is made to flow down a c. Recycling: Reuse of unused material in the drain. same or another form. III. Provide the suitable term that expresses the b. Insecticides, motor oil, paints are poured meaning of each of the following statements: down the drain. (2 Marks) a. Worms converting certain kinds of waste into c. Tea leaves, cotton swabs and old soft toys are manure. thrown into the drain. b. An area where a lot of garbage is collected, spread out and covered with soil. IV. Answer the following in a sentence or two: (4 Marks) 1. What should we do with the leftover food at home? 125

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