202110724-PERFORM-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SCIENCE-G06-FY_Optimized

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Match the following: (5 Marks) Column 1 Column 2 i. Solid mixed in wa- a. sieving b. handpicking ter c. decantation ii. Iron powder mixed d. magnet e. evaporation with flour iii. Salt mixed with water iv. Lady’s finger mixed with French beans v. Rice flour mixed with kidney beans II. Fill in the blanks: (4 Marks) 1. Peanuts are separated from a mixture of pulses and rice by _____. 2. Clay and water are separated by _________and ___________. 3. Paddy is obtained from the stalk by ____________ 4. When a solution can take up more solute, it is said to be a/an ____________ solution. III. Answer the following in complete sentences: (6 Marks) 1. How is threshing done, apart from beating the stalks? 2. What are saturated solution and unsaturated solution? 3. Raj accidently spilled salt into iron filings. How will he separate them? 37

6. Changes Around Us Learning Outcomes • State reasons for a change to be reversible or irreversible. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Define a reversible change. • Analye the given situation/example and classify it • Cite examples for a reversible change. as reversible/irreversible changes. • Define an irreversible change. • Cite examples for irreversible changes. Concept Map Changes around us Reversible Irreversible change changes Features Features Key Points • Some changes can be reversed. Such changes are called reversible changes. • Some changes cannot be reversed. Such changes are called irreversible changes. • Melting of ice, making shapes with a dough are examples of reversible changes. • Milk setting into curd, a floral bud blooming into a flower are examples of irreversible changes. • A change may occur by heating a substance or by mixing with some other substances. Key words – change, reversible, irreversible 38

6. Changes Around Us Work Plan Concept Coverage Details Practice Sheet PS-1 Reversible change • Features of reversible change. PS-2 • Examples of reversible change PS-3 Irreversible change • Features of irreversible change. • Examples of irreversible PS-4 Self-evaluation change • Difference between reversible Sheet and irreversible change Worksheet for “Changes Around Us” Evaluation with self- check or peer check* 39

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Identify the change as reversible or 8. Grinding rice into flour. irreversible: 9. Boiling cold water. 1. Cutting of a piece of wood. 10. Stretching a rubber band 2. Dissolving salt in water. 11. Extracting biogas from cow dung. 3. Cooking of dal. 12. Blooming of a bud to flower. 4. Ripening of fruit. 13. Boiling an egg. 5. Boiling of water. 14. Making a sweater out of a woolen yarn. 6. Drying a wet cloth. 15. Making paneer from milk. 7. Setting of curds. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Choose the correct option: 6. Which of the following is an irreversible change? 1. Which of the following is not an example of the a. Growth of tree changes that occur by mixing two substances? b. Folding of paper c. Melting of ice a. Salt dissolved in water d. Melting of wax b. Mixing salt and water c. Sugar dissolved in water 7. What type of a change is making of curd? d. Burning of a match stick. a. Reversible 2. ___________ is an irreversible change b. Irreversible c. Undesirable a. Burning of coal d. None of the above b. Melting of wax c. Melting of ice 8. What type of change is making of a pot from d. Formation of ice clay? 3. Which of the following is an irreversible change? a. Pure b. Special a. A toy aeroplane made by folding paper c. Reversible b. Making a roti from its dough. d. Irreversible c. An inflated balloon d. Melting of wax. 9. Pick the change that can be reversed from the following: 4. A bag of cement in the open gets wet due to rain during the night. The next day, the a. Cutting of trees Sun shines brightly. Do you think changes b. Melting of ghee which have occurred in the cement could be c. Burning of candle reversed? d. Blooming of flower a. Yes 10. Which of the following change cannot be b. No reversed? c. Can not say d. None of the above a. Hardening of cement b. Freezing of ice cream 5. Which type of change is melting of wax? c. Opening a door d. Melting of chocolate a. Reversible b. Irreversible c. Desirable d. Undesirable 40

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 11. An iron ring is heated. Which of the following statement about it is incorrect? a. The ring expands. b. The ring almost comes to the same size on cooling. c. The change in this case is reversed. d. The ring changes its shape and the change cannot be reversed. 12. While lighting a candle, Paheli observed the following changes i. Wax was melting. ii. Candle was burning. iii. Size of the candle was reducing. iv. Melted wax was getting solidified. Of the above, the changes that can be reversed are a. i and iii b. ii and iii c. iii and iv d. i and iv 13. Salt can be separated from its solution (salt dissolved in water), because: a. Mixing of salt in water is a change that can be reversed by heating and melting of salt. b. Mixing of salt in water is a change that cannot be reversed. c. Mixing of salt in water is a permanent change. d. Mixing of salt in water is a change that can be reversed by evaporation. 14. Rolling of chapati and baking of chapati are the changes that: a. can be reversed. b. cannot be reversed. c. can be reversed and cannot be reversed, respectively. d. cannot be reversed and can be reversed, respectively. 15. Iron rim is made slightly smaller than the wooden wheel. The rim is usually heated before fixing into the wooden wheel, because on heating the iron rim: a. Expands and fits onto the wooden wheel. b. Contracts and fits onto the wooden wheel. c. No change in the size takes place. d. Expands first, then on cooling contracts and fits onto the wooden wheel. 41

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Answer the following: 1. Look at the figure which shows three situations (a) a burning candle (b) an extinguished candle (c) melting of wax. Which of these shows a reversible change and why? 2. A piece of iron is heated till it becomes red-hot. It then becomes soft and is beaten to a desired shape. What kind of changes are observed in this process– reversible or irreversible? 3. Paheli had bought a new bottle of pickle from the market. She tried to open the metal cap to taste it but could not do so. She then took a bowl of hot water and immersed the upper end of the bottle in it for five minutes. She could easily open the bottle now. Can you give the reasons for this? 4. Can we reverse the following changes? If yes, suggest the name of the method. a. Water into water vapour b. Water vapour into water. c. Ice into water. d. Curd into milk 5. Boojho’s sister broke a white dove, a symbol of peace, made of Plaster of Paris (POP). Boojho tried to reconstruct the toy by making a powder of the broken pieces and then making a paste by mixing it with water. Will he be successful in his effort? Justify your answer. 6. Tearing of paper is said to be a change that cannot be reversed. What about paper recycling? 7. A potter working on his wheel shaped a lump of clay into a pot. He then baked the pot in an oven. Do these two acts lead to the same kind of changes or different? Give your opinion and justify your answer. 8. Conversion of ice into water and water into ice is an example of change which can be reversed. Give four more examples where you can say that the changes can be reversed. 42

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: 8. Boojho mixed peanuts and almonds. If he wants peanuts separately, which of the following 1. Which of the following is a reversible change? method he must apply? a. Melting of ice a. Heating b. Burning of paper b. Melting c. Bursting of crackers c. Picking by hand d. Boiling milk d. Condensing 2. Ice from water and water from ice can be 9. Which of the following property of metals is brought by changing _____. used to fix it to the cartwheel? a. Pressure a. Its shape changes permanently and cannot be b. Container reversed c. Temperature b. Its shape changes temporarily and can be re- d. Shape versed c. Its shape changes permanently and can be re- 3. Which of the following changes cannot be versed reversed? d. Its shape changes temporarily and cannot be a. Drawing with a pencil reversed b. Burning wood c. Pressing a spring 10. Which of the following changes cannot be d. Volume of water in syringe reversed? a. Stretching a rubber band 4. In which of the following materials, you cannot b. Heating an iron rod bring a change even by using heat? c. Curdling of milk a. Stone d. Melting of ice b. Paper c. Wood II. Short Answer Questions: d. Candle 1. In the figure A you find the ring of the metal is 5. In which of the following materials, can you slightly smaller in size than the wooden handle. bring change by pressing them but upon re- How do you think the handle is fixed to get a lease, they go back to their original form? tool as shown in figure B? What type of change a. Spring do you observe while fixing it? b. Sponge c. Pillow 2. Paheli likes sweet curd. When she tried to d. All of these consume regular curd, she found it sour. Is it a change that can be reversed? Can Paheli get 6. Which of the following changes cannot be re- back sweet curd? versed back to its original shape? a. Heating iron 3. While searching for her Math book, Paheli b. Stretching a rubber band shuffled her books and changed the arrange- c. Burning a candle ment on her shelf. Can you reverse the change? d. Boiling milk If yes, how can you change it? 7. Paheli took salt in a bowl and her brother added III. Long Answer Questions: water to it. If Paheli wanted to get the salt back, 1. Classify the different types of changes and give it is possible through _________. a. Evaporation two examples for each. b. Condensation c. Melting 2. Gold ornaments are made by heating and treat- d. Contraction ing gold with copper. Is this change reversible? If yes, how can you get back your gold? 43

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. It was Paheli’s birthday. Her brother Simba II. Answer the following: (4 Marks) was helping her to decorate the house for the birthday party and their parents were also 1. How are iron articles of different sizes and busy making other arrangements. Following shape made? were the activities going on at Paheli’s home: (8Marks) i. Simba blew balloons and put them on the wall. 2. How is setting of curd an irreversible change? ii. Some of the balloons burst. iii. Paheli cut colourful strips of paper and put them on the wall with the help of tape. III. Answer the following: (3 Marks) iv. She also made some flowers by origami 1. Think of a change that happens in your body. (paper folding) to decorate the house. Give three examples. v. Her father made dough. vi. Mother made balls of dough for making puris. vii. Mother heated oil in a pan. viii. Father fried the puries in hot oil. Identify the activities at Paheli’s home as those that can be reversed and those which cannot be reversed. 44

7. Getting to Know Plants Learning Outcomes • Identify two types of venations in leaves- reticulate venation and parallel venation. At the end of this lesson students will be able to • Distinguish plant types based on their external • Distinguish between a reticulate venation and a parallel venation. features. • Identify root, stem, leaf and a flower in a plant. • Identify different whorls of a flower. • Explain the functions of root, stem, leaves and a • State the functions of different whorls of a flower. flower. • Identify tap root system and fibrous root systems. Concept Map Flower Key Points • Based on height, stem and branches, plants are grouped into herbs, shrubs, trees, climber, and creeper. • Flower consist of sepal, petal, stamen and carpel • Stem bears leaves, flowers and fruits. • The pattern of vein on leaves is called venation. • Photosynthesis is the process though which plants use water, light and carbon dioxide to create their food and release oxygen into the air. Key Words: Taproot, veins, petal, pitole, parallel venation, lamina, lateral roots, herbs, climbers, creepers, mid- rib, ovule, fibrous root. 45

7. Getting to Know Plants Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Simulation/ Video Types of Plants • Herb PS-1 Studying the different Parts of Plants • Shrub parts of a plant Structure of Flower • Tree • Climber and PS-2 Creeper PS-3 Studying different types • Root of leaves • Stem • Leaves PS-4 Studying different types • Flower of roots • Sepal • Petal • Stamen • Carpel Worksheet for “Getting to Know Plants” Studying the different PS-5 parts of a flower Evaluation with Self-evaluation self- check or Peer Sheet check* 46

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate terms: 1. The flower bud is protected by ___________. 2. Pollen grains are formed in the _____________. 3. Food is prepared by leaves through ___ _____________. 4. The process by which plants lose water from their aerial parts is called ________. 5. Monocots have ____________ root system. II. Identify the part of the plant: 1. I am the underground part of a plant generally. 2. I am a yellow powdery substance present in a flower. 3. I am very colorful and attract insects . 4. I am the house of the ovules. 5. I am the type of venation seen in mango. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Say True or False: 1. A hibiscus flower has both stamen and carpel . 2. A banana plant has tap root system. 3. Roots help in anchorage of the plant. 4. Loss of water from roots is transpiration. 5. Dicots have reticulate venation commonly. II. Match the following: COLUMN I COLUMN II i. Leaf Coconut leaf ii. Anther Transports water iii. Root Photosynthetic organ iv. Parallel venation Pollen grain v. Xylem Absorption of water. III. Solve the crossword: ACROSS 1. The term that describes upward movement of water in a stem. 3. The part of leaf which is attached to the stem. 5. This part is attached to the tip of the filament. DOWN 1. Plants that are weak and spread on the ground. 2. Ovules are present in this part of the flower. 4. It is the broad part of the leaf? 47

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: d. ovary, style and stamen 7. Which of the following is not the function of the 1. Which of the following combination of features would you observe in grass? root? a. Parallel venation and fibrous root a. Absorbs water and mineral salts from the soil b. Parallel venation and tap root c. Reticulate venation and fibrous root and transports to stem. d. Reticulate venation and tap root b. Prevents soil erosion. c. Provides support and fixes the plant to the soil. 2. Which of the following is the correct match d. Photosynthesis. between the characteristics of stem and the 8. Statement A: Plants having fibrous root shows category of plant? parallel venation. a. Weak stem which cannot stand upright : Creep- Statement B: Plants having tap roots show retic- er ulate venation. b. Green tender stem : Shrub a. Only Statement A is true c. Thick, hard stem with branching near the base b. Only statement B is true. : Tree c. Both the statements A and B are true. d. Thick, hard stem with branches high on the d. Both the statements A and B are false. plant : Herb 9. The part that is not associated with the flower. a. Pistil 3. Which of the following is not the primary b. Stamen function of a stem? c. Veins a. Conduction of water d. Ovary b. Photosynthesis 10. The product of photosynthesis is stored as c. Formation of branches ______ in plants d. Bears flowers and fruits a. Sugars b. Starch 4. Which of the following is not a correct match? c. Fats a. Petiole : attaches leaf to stem d. Proteins b. Lamina : green flat part of leaf c. Margin : gives shape to the leaf 48 d. Veins : transpiration 5. Read the following sentences about photosynthesis: i. Sunlight, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll and water are necessary. ii. Oxygen is absorbed. iii. Leaves carry out photosynthesis. iv. Proteins are made during photosynthesis. v. Choose the correct pair of sentences that are true to photosynthesis a. (iii) and (iv) b. (i) and (iii) c. (ii) and (iv) d. (i) and (iv) 6. Which of the following terms constitute the female part of the flower. a. sepals, petal and stamen b. stigma, style and ovary c. ovary, stamen and stigma

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Answer the following questions: Now answer the following: a. Which process is demonstrated in the activity? 1. Boojho wanted to test the presence of starch in b. When will this activity show better results – on leaves. He performed the following steps. i. He took a leaf and boiled it in water, a bright sunny day or cloudy day? ii. He placed the leaf in a petri dish and poured c. What will you observe in the polythene bag af- some iodine over it. He did not get the expected result. Which step ter a few hours of setting up the activity? did he miss? Explain. 2. Will a leaf taken from a potted plant kept in a 7. Identify the wrong statements and correct them. dark room for a few days, turn blue black when a. Anther is a part of the pistil. tested for starch? Give reasons for your answer. b. The visible parts of a bud are the petals. c. Lateral roots are present in a tap root. 3. Can the stem of a plant be compared with a d. Leaves perform the function of transpiration street with two–way traffic? Give reason. only. 4. Read the functions of parts of a plant given be- low: a. fixes plant to the soil b. prepares starch c. takes part in reproduction d. supports branches and bears flowers In the given diagram write the names of the parts functions you have just read at the appropriate space. 5. Observe Fig. and attempt the questions that follow it. a. Label the parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the diagram. b. What type of venation does the leaf has? c. What type of venation is seen in grass leaves? 6. Observe the picture of an activity given as Fig. carried out with leaves of plants and polythene bag. 49

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) 8. Paheli removed all unwanted plants from her field. What are these unwanted plants called? I. Choose the correct option: a. Shrubs 1. The part of leaf by which it is attached to the b. Herbs c. Weeds stem is called _______. d. Both (A) and (B) a. Lamina b. Petiole 9. We are supported by the skeletal system. Which c. Midrib of the following acts as a skeleton of a leaf? d. Vein a. Petiole b. Midrib 2. Which of the following plants is a creeper? c. Venation a. Ash gourd d. Lamina b. Rose c. Tomato 10. Which of the following is NOT a part of a leaf? d. Tulsi a. Midrib b. Vein 3. The long vein present in the middle of the c. Sepal lamina is called_______. d. Lamina a. petiole b. leaf base II. Short Answer Questions: c. midrib 1. Differentiate between creepers and climbers d. stalk with an example. 4. In which of the following processes is water 2. What can you observe by doing the experiment released from plants in the form of water va- pour? shown in the diagram? Write the experiment a. Transpiration and your conclusion. b. Photosynthesis c. Transportation Stem in a glass with coloured water d. Both (B) and (C) 3. Boojho tied a small polythene bag around the 5. Which part of the plant acts as an anchor? leaves of a healthy plant for a few hours and a. Stem found small droplets of water inside bag. How b. Root do you think they got there? Name the process. c. Leaf d. Flower III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Write about the different parts of a plant? 6. Find the odd one. 2. Can we know the type of venation the leaves of a. Jasmine b. Grapes a plant have by knowing the type of roots of the c. Money plant plant? Explain in detail. d. Rose 7. Observe the image and answer the question. The given part belongs to _________. a. Leaf b. Flower c. Stem d. Root 50

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Fill in the blanks: (5 Marks) (a)______ stamens and (b) ______are the parts of a flower. Stamen is made up (c) ____ and (d)_____ and it represents the (e) ____part of the flower. The female part of the flower is called (f)_______. The basal swollen portion of the pistil is called (g) _______ that contains (h) _____. Hibiscus flower has both (i)_____ and (j)_______ as it is a bisexual flower. II. Say True or False: (4 Marks) 1. If a plant has a tap root, generally it has reticu- late venation. 2. The point on the stem where a leaf arises is called a node. 3. Carpel is the male part of a flower. 4. Hibiscus has a tap root system. III. Answer the following in complete: (6 Marks) 1. What are the functions of petals and sepals in a flower? 2. Differentiate between creepers and climbers. 3. Define photosynthesis and transpiration 51

8. Body Movements Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Explain the main features of muscular skeletal • Identify different types of movements in the system. human body. • Explain the gait of animals with respect to: an • Classify different types of joints in a human body. earthworm, snail, cockroach, fish and a snake. • Identify different types of joints in a human body. Concept Map Body Movements Human Body Joints Musculo- Skeletal Gait Animals Movements System Earthworm Snail Rotation Ball and Socket Rib cage Cockroach Fish Bending Pivotal Back bone Lifting Hinge Shoulder bones No movement Gliding Pelvic bones Fixed Cartilage Snake Key Points Muscles • Hinge joint helps us to move in only one direction. • There are many kinds of movements occurring in • Pivotal joints help us to move up and down, side the human body. to side and in circular directions. • Human skeletal system comprises of skull, • Earthworms crawl, snails slide or glide, backbone, ribs, breast bones, shoulder, hip bones and bones of hands and legs. cockroaches walk and fly, birds fly, snakes slither and fish swim. • Skeleton gives a definite shape to the body, • Plants show slow movements in response to a protects the internal organs and helps the animal stimulus like a sunflower facing the sun. to move. Key words – joint, bone, cartilages, muscles, stimuli, swim, glide, hip, skull, skeleton. • Muscles help in movement of bones. • Cartilages are parts that help in movements. 52 • Joints are locations where two bones meet. • Movable joints help us in movement. • Ball and socket joints help movements in different directions.

8. Body Movements Work Plan Concept Sub Concept Practice Sheet Simulation/ PS - 1 Video Types of joints • Ball and socket Skeletal system • Pivotal Types of Gait of animals • Gliding joints in hu- • Hinge man body • Fixed • Ribcage PS - 2 The human • Back bone PS - 3 Skeleton • Shoulder bones • Pelvic bones Studying how • Cartilage bones move • Muscles with the help of muscles • Earthworm –Crawls Studying the • Snails-Glide/Slide gate of earth- • Cockroach-Walk, Climbs, worm, snail, cockroach, Flies fish, birds, • Birds-Fly • Fish-Swims snakes Worksheet for “Body Movements” PS - 4 Self-evaluation Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* Sheet 53

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Where do you find the following joints in the human body? 1. Ball and socket joint: 2. Hinge joint: 3. Pivotal joint: 4. Gliding joint: 5. Immovable joint: II. Say whether true or false: 1. A skeleton protects internal organs. 2. Movable joints are of no use. 3. Ball and socket joints allows movements in several directions. 4. A hinge joint allows movements up and down. III. Identify these bones/joints from the description: 1. I form the main support bone. Rib bones are attached to me. 2. I am found at your hips and arms of shoulders. 3. I am not as hard as a bone but I support like a bone and bend easily. 4. I am found in the skull. I am very stubborn and lazy. 5. I allow only back and forth movements. 6. I make the bones move by contracting and relaxing. 7. I am a hard skeleton seen outside. 8. When you sit, you sit on me. 9. I am located where your head and neck join. 10. I am made up of chest bones and backbone that form a box. 54

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Fill in the blanks: b. Snail c. Earthworm 1. Bones and __________ form the skeleton of d. Human being human body. 6. How many muscles work together to move a 2. In a ___________ joint a cylindrical bone rotates bone? in a ring. a. One b. Two 3. The rounded structure found on the back of the c. Three snail is a __________. d. Four 4. The body shape of the fish is described as ___ 7. The number of bones present in an adult human ________. is: a. 106 II. Choose the correct option: b. 206 c. 306 1. Hinge joint is found in the: d. 406 a. Elbow b. Neck 8. Which one protects our lungs? c. Shoulder a. Skull d. Wrist b. Rib cage c. Pelvic bones 2. The ball and socket joint: d. Backbone a. Allows movement of the body in one direction b. Allows movement of the body 9. A muscle can: in several directions. a. Only contract c. Does not allow the movement of b. Only relax the body in any directions. c. Can both contract and relax d. Allows the movement of body d. No contraction or relaxation. in two directions. III. Answer each of the following: 3. Which of the following parts of our body help us in movement? 1. Name the type of joint of your hand which help i. Bones you to grasp a badminton racket. ii. Skin iii. Muscles 2. What would have happened if our backbone iv. Organs was made of one single bone? Choose the correct answer from the option below. 3. Boojho fell off a tree and hurt his ankle. On a. (i) and (iii) examination, the doctor confirmed that the b. (ii) and (iv) ankle was fractured. How was it detected? c. (i) and (iv) d. (iii) and (ii) 4. Bones are hard structures and cannot be bent. But, we can still bend our elbow, knee, etc. How 4. Which of the following joints is immovable? is this possible? a. Shoulder and arm b. Knee and joint 5. Which type of movement would have been c. Upper jaw and skull possible if: d. Lower jaw and upper jaw a. Our elbow had a fixed joint. b. We were to have a ball and socket 5. Which of the following organisms does not have joint between our neck and head. both muscles and skeleton for movement? a. Dog 55

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: 4. In the given figure there are two snakes of the same size slithering on sand. Can you identify 1. Movement of snake is called: which of them would move faster and why? a. Flight b. Creep c. Crawl d. Slither 2. Underwater divers wear fin-like flippers on their feet to: a. Swim easily in water. b. Look like a fish. c. Walk on water surface. d. Walk over the bottom of the sea (sea bed). 3. Snail moves with the help of its: a. Shell b. Bone c. Muscular foot d. Whole body 4. Aquatic animal whose skeleton is made up of cartilage is: a. Shark b. Whale c. Dolphin d. Tuna 5. Fish moves with the help of its: a. Flagella b. Fins c. Hind limbs d. Circular and longitudinal muscles II. Answer the following: 1. Given below is a list of different types of movements in animals. Running, Walking, Slithering, Jumping, Crawling, Flying, Swimming, Creeping Write the types of movements seen in each animal. 2. Earthworms are known as ‘farmer’s friends’. Why? 3. How is the skeleton of a bird well-suited for flying? 56

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: d. Knees 1. When you inhale, which part of your body 7. Which two organs are joined by pivotal joint? expands? a. Head and neck a. Chest b. Thigh and calf b. Stomach c. Foot and fingers c. Cheeks d. Either (B) or (C) d. Both (A) and (B) 2. A joint that allows movements in all directions 8. Which of the following animals walk, climb and is: even fly? a. Pivotal joint a. Earthworm b. Ball and Socket joint b. Snail c. Hinge joint c. Cockroach d. All of these d. Fish 3. These form the part of the skeleton that is not as hard as the bones. These are: 9. While swimming, why do divers wear fin-like a. Muscles flippers on their feet? b. Skin a. To help them move easily in water c. Cartilage b. To walk on waterbed d. Bones c. To walk on the surface of water 4. Name of this animal is ________. d. To escape from whales 10. Our wrist is flexible, and we can rotate it as our a. Snail shoulder. Do we have ball and socket joint in b. Earthworm wrist? What are the bones that make up wrist c. Prawn joint called? d. Cockroach a. Yes, cartilage b. Yes, hard bones 5. Which of the internal organs are protected by c. No, carpels rib cage? d. All of these a. Brain b. Heart II. Short Answer Questions: c. Lungs 1. Explain the movement of a snail. d. Both (B) and (C) 2. With the help of diagram explain movement of 6. Pelvic bones is in the portion of our body that ball and socket joint. Where do we find ball and lies below the ________ socket joint? a. Head b. Stomach 3. “Your backbone is like a spring”. Do you agree c. Neck with the given statement? III. Long Answer Questions: 1. Explain how the structure of birds help them to fly? 2. We know that the skeleton is made up of many bones which helps us to move. Earthworm does not have bones. Then, how can you explain the movement in earthworm. 57

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Fill in the blanks: (5 Marks) 1. ____ a______ and ___b_____ form the skeleton of the human body. The bones are moved by alternate ____c____ and __d_____ of the two sets of ____e______ attached to them. II. Provide one word answers: (3 Marks) 1. Part of the body with a fixed joint. 2. Bones that are joint with chest bone at one end and to the backbone at the other end. 3. Part of the skeleton that forms the earlobe. III. Answer in a sentence or two: (4 Marks) 1. What does a skeleton comprise of? 2. What type of skeleton do snails have? Is the movement of snail faster or slower than an earthworm? IV. Answer in detail: (3 Marks) 1. How is the body of a bird suited for fly? 58

9. The Living Organisms-Characteristics and Habitats Learning Outcomes • Describe the features of aquatic habitat-oceans, ponds and lakes. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Define a habitat. • Explain the adaptations of organisms in different • Classify habitats into terrestrial and aquatic terrestrial and aquatic habitats. habitats. • Identify the components of a habitat-biotic and • Define adaptations. abiotic. • Explain adaptations in fish and camel. • Describe the features of terrestrial habitats-des- • Cite examples for biotic and abiotic components of a habitat. erts, mountain ranges and grasslands. Concept Map Ltihvienirgsourrgraonuinsmdinagnsd Habitat Charcteristics of Adaptations living things Terrestrial Aquatic Camel Fish Desert Mountain Grass Oceans Ponds and ranges lands lakes Key Points • Living things need food, they exhibit growth, respire, respond to stimuli, excrete, reproduce • The surroundings of an organism constitute and move. These are the characteristics of its habitat. living beings. • Habitats are broadly classified into terrestrial Keywords: Adaptation, desert, ocean, habitat, habitats and aquatic habitats. biotic, abiotic, stimuli, excrete, reproduce. • Deserts, mountain ranges and grasslands are 59 examples of terrestrial habitats. • Oceans, ponds and lakes are examples of aquatic habitats. • A habitat has biotic and abiotic components. • Plants, animals, microorganisms form the biotic component. • Sunlight, soil, water, air, temperature all constitutes the abiotic components. • Presence of certain features that enables an organism to live in a specific habitat is called an adaptation.

9. The Living Organisms-Characteristics and Habitats Work Plan Concept Coverage Details Practice Sheet Adaptations of various organ- Adaptive features of various organ- PS-1 isms isms PS-2 Classification of habitats • Terrestrial • Aquatic PS-3 Life processes • Components of habitat: • Abiotic component PS-4 • Biotic component Self-evaluation • Nutrition • Growth Sheet • Respire • Response to stimulus • Excretion • Reproduction • Body movements Worksheet for “The Living Organisms-Characteristics and Habitats” Evaluation with self- check or peer check* 60

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) DESERTS MOUNTAIN GRASS- OCEANS PONDS RANGES LANDS AND I. Fill in the blanks: LAKES 1. Goats and yak live in ______________. 2. In the sea, plants and animals are surrounded by __ __________ water. 3. __________ and _________ helps to change directions in fishes. 4. Desert plants lose very little water through ____________ 5. Mountain regions have _________ and __________ habitats. 6. _________ and ____________ have no gills. 7. ___________ helps the frog to swim in water. II. Given are the adaptations of living things in different habitats and animals in different habitats. Organise them under different heads appropriately and complete the graphic organiser: 1. Stays in the burrow during day and active at night. 2. Cone shaped trees with sloping branches. 3. Long ears to hear the movement of predators. 4. Have gills to take in oxygen. 5. Roots are much reduced in size. 6. Camels, cactus, snakes and rodents. 7. Lions and deer 8. Leaves are either absent, very small and reduced to spines. 9. Have thick skin or fur 10. Have stream lined bodies 11. Breathe through nostrils or blow holes 12. Stems are long, hollow and light. 13. Yak, conifers, snow leopards 14. Squids, octopus, dolphins and whales 15. Coloured camouflage to prey the animals 16. Frogs, submerged plants, floating plants. 61

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Choose the correct option: d. Mountain 9. Earthworms breathe through their: 1. Habitat of yaks is: a. Skin a. Mountain region b. Gills b. Grassland c. Lungs c. Tropical rain forest d. Stomata d. Desert 10. Choose the set that represents only the biotic components of a habitat. 2. Habitat of octopus is: a. Tiger, Deer, Grass, Soil b. Rocks, Soil, Plants, Air a. Lakes c. Sand, Turtle, Crab, Rocks b. Rivers d. Aquatic plant, Fish, Frog, Insect c. Oceans II. Answer the following: d. Ponds 1. Read the features of plants given below: a. Thick waxy stem 3. Which of the following is not an abiotic b. Short roots component? c. Cone shaped plants d. Sloping branches a. Microorganisms e. Small or spine-like leaves b. Air f. Hollow stem c. Rocks Choose the type of plant for every feature given d. Sunlight in a, b, c, d, e and f from the list given below: Aquatic plant, Desert plant, Mountainous plant 4. Plant that has adapted to live in a desert: 2. What are the adaptive features of a lion that helps it in hunting? a. Fern b. Cactus 62 c. Coconut d. Lotus 5. When a lion eats a deer, the lion is a: a. Producer b. Predator c. Prey d. None of the above 6. The leaves of mountainous trees are cone shaped with sloping branches and needle-like to: a. Protect themselves from scorching sun rays. b. Increase photosynthetic efficiency. c. Slide off rain water and snow easily. d. To protect themselves from wind. 7. Which of the following cannot be called a habitat? a. A desert with camels. b. A pond with fishes. c. A jungle with wild animals. d. Cultivated land with grazing cattle. 8. Boojho comes across an animal having a stream-lined and slippery body. What is the habitat of the animal? a. Water b. Desert c. Grassland

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. State whether the statements are true or false: III. Answer the following: 1. Biotic component of a region includes both 1. Unscramble the given words below to get the plants and animals. correct word using the clues given against them. 2. The filter like beaks of ducks helps them swim. a. SATPADAOINT: specific features or certain habits which enable a living 3. Animals living in mountains have very few red being to live in its surroundings blood cells. b. RETECOXNI : Waste products are removed by this process . 4. Plants do not show any movement. c. LUMISIT : All living things respond to these. d. ROUCDPRENTOI: because of this we II. Choose the correct option: find organisms of the same kind. 1. Movements of ants towards sugar solution is: 2. Paheli has a rose plant in her garden. How can a. Response to stimulus she increase the number of rose plants in the b. Respiration garden without planting the new saplings? c. Migration d. Movement 3. Why do desert snakes burrow deep into the sand during the day? 2. Whales and dolphins breathe through: a. Gills b. Gill plates c. Trachea d. Blow holes 3. Which of the following is not an example of a response to stimulus? a. Our mouth waters when we see delicious food items. b. Closing of leaves of mimosa plant when touched. c. Shutting our eyes when an object is suddenly thrown in our direction. d. A chick hatching out of an egg. 4. Which of the following is correct for respiration in plants? a. Respiration takes place only during day time. b. Respiration takes place only during night. c. Respiration takes place both during day and night. d. Respiration takes place only when plants are not making food. 5. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about excretion? a. Excretion takes place in plants. b. Excretion takes place both in plants and animals. c. Excretion is the process of getting rid of excess water only. d. Secretion is one method of excretion. 63

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: 8. Trees of which habitat have needle like leaves? a. Mountain 1. Which of the following sea animals do not have b. Aquatic a streamlined shape? c. Desert a. Fish d. Grasslands b. Squid c. Octopus 9. The plants and animals that live on land are d. Both (B) and (C) said to live in terrestrial habitats. Thus, which of the following doesn’t come under terrestrial 2. Which of the following plants grow in the habitats? desert? a. Forests a. Rose b. Deserts b. Cactus c. Grasslands c. Lotus d. Oceans d. Lily 10. Which of the following is correct? 3. The non-living things like air, water, soil and rocks constitute: A B a. Abiotic components b. Biotic components i) Deer a) Aquatic animal c. non biotic components d. Un biotic components ii) Camel b) Forest animal 4. The word ‘predators’ refers to: iii) Whale c) Desert animal a. Animals that run fast b. Animals that escape from Lion a. i) – c); ii) – b); iii) – a c. Animals that use other animals as their prey d. Animals that have long ears b. i) – b); ii) – c); iii) – a) 5. Why do the desert animals live in burrows? c. i) – b); ii) – a), iii) – c) a. Due to immense heat b. Due to sand d. i) – a); ii) – c); iii) – b) c. Due to very cold temperature d. Due to light II. Short Answer Questions: 1. Define excretion. How do plants excrete? 6. How can camels live for many days without 2. Write few examples to show that plants respond water? a. They do not require water to stimuli? b. They produce water within themselves 3. We know that, the aquatic animals have gills c. They lose very little water from their bodies d. They consume very little water to help them use oxygen dissolved in water. Some sea animals like dolphins and whales do 7. Plants of which habitat have narrow and thin not have gills. How do the adaptations of such ribbon-like leaves? animals help them live in the sea? a. Mountain b. Aquatic III. Long Answer Questions: c. Desert 1. Draw a neat diagram to show the germination of d. Grasslands a seed. 2. How do the adaptations of a mountain plant differ from the adaptations of a desert plant? 64

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Fill in the blanks: (3 Marks) 1. Saline water, hot air and sand are (a)______ components of a habitat. The habitat of plants and animals that live in (b)______ is called the aquatic habitat. (c)______ enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings. II. Unscramble the given words below to get the correct word and match the following: (5 Marks) Term Meanings Answer 1 SATPADAOINT Waste products are re- moved by this process 2 RETECOXNI We find organisms of the same kind because of this 3 LUMISIT Organisms that make their own food. 4 ROUCDPRENTOI All living things re- spond to these 5 ATTOHUORPS specific features or certain habits which enable a living being to live in its surroundings III. Answer in one or two sentences: (3 Marks) 1. Write the adaptation in aquatic plants due to which a. Submerged leaves can bend in the flowing water. b. Leaves can float on the surface of water. 2. Some desert plants have very small leaves whereas some others have only spines. How does this benefit the plants? (2 Marks) 3. How is a camel adapted to live in the desert? Support your answer with three points. (2 Marks) 65

10. Motion and Measurement of Distances Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson students will be able to • Analyse the need for standard measurements. • Explain the evolution of modes of transport from • Define motion. the past to the present. • Explain different types of motions. • Explain different nonstandard measurements. • Differentiate one type of motion from the other. • Explain standard measurement of length and • Identify the types of motion seen in a moving mass. object. • Differentiate between nonstandard and standard • Cite examples of different kinds of motion seen measurements. in daily life. Concept Map MOTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES Motion Measurement Early story of Types of Non-standard Standard transport motion measurement measurement Rectilinear Foot Kilometre motion Metre Rotatory Handspan motion Centimetre Circular motion Cubit Periodic motion Angul Key Points • If an object moves such that its distance from a fixed point remains the same is called circular • Metre (m) is the unit of length in S.I unit. motion. • 1metre (m)=100 centimetre(cm) , 1 cm= 10 milli- Keywords: Circular motion, rectilinear motion, metre(mm), 1 kilometre(km )= 1000 metre(m). periodic motion, distance, SI unit. • In ancient times angul, mutti, forearm, foot were used for measurement. • Curved line is measured with the help of rope. • Motion in a straight line is called rectilinear mo- tion. • International system of unit (SI) is used for mea- suring. • Motion that repeats itself after some time, is called periodic motion. 66

10. Motion and Measurement of Distances Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Simulation/ Motion Video • Early story of Types of Motion transport Studying different • Rotatory types of motion motion PS-1 (circular, • Circular motion rectilinear, periodic) • Periodic motion Non-standard • Foot PS-2 Measurement • Handspan PS-3 • Cubit • Angul PS-4 PS-5 Standard Measurement • Kilometre Self-evaluation • Centimetre Sheet • Metre Worksheet for “ Motion and Measurement of Distances” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 67

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Say True or False: III. Answer the following in a word or a sentence: 1. The choice of the device used for measuring de- 1. Which measuring device is used to measure the pends on the types of measurement to be made. cloth? 2. Our senses are accurate for reliable measure- 2. What is the type of motion in which body moves ment. along a straight line? 3. 1 m = 100 cm 3. Name the unit used to measure the distance be- 4. 5 km = 5000 cm. 5. 1 km = 1000 m tween Delhi and Chandigarh. II. Write the unit for measuring the following: 4. Give an example of a periodic motion. 1. Distance between Kashmir to Kanyakumari. 5. Give an example of a non-standard measure- 2. Thickness of a pen drive. 3. Length of your pencil. ment. 4. Length of your height. 5. Length of a saree. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I.   Name the devie used to measure the following: 1. Size of your pant to stitch. 2. Size of your neck to stitch a dress. 3. Height of the flag pole. 4. Rice in the shop. 5. Circumference of a bangle. II.  What type of motion do the following objects have? 1. A speeding car on a highway. 2. When you are on a giant wheel. 3. An athlete on a circular track with a uniform speed. 4. Movements of ants in search of food. 5. A stone tied to a rope and swung in circles. III. Convert from one to another given unit: 1. 10 m = ________ cm 2. 300 cm = ______ m 3. 7 m = __________ cm 4. 100 cm =______ m 5. 8000 m = _____ Km 68

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: c. Rectilinear and periodic both. 1. The distance between Delhi and Mumbai is d. Neither rectilinear nor periodic. 6. Bholu and Golu are playing in a ground. They usually expressed in the units of start running from the same point A in the ground a. Decametre and reach point B at the same time by following b. Metre the paths marked 1 and 2 respectively, as shown c. Centimetre in the figure. Which of the following is/are true d. Kilometre. for the given situation? 2. Which of the following does not express a time      As compared to Golu, Bholu covers a interval? a. A day a. Longer distance but with a lower speed. b. A second b. Longer distance with a higher speed. c. A school period c. Shorter distance with a lower speed. d. Time of first bell in the school. d. Shorter distance with a higher speed. 3. The figure shows a measuring scale that is usual- 7. Leaf falling from a tree is an example of ly supplied with an instrument box. Which of the a. Random motion following distance cannot be measured with this b. Circular motion scale by using it only once? c. Rectilinear motion d. Periodic motion a. 0.1m 8. When any object moves to and fro between any b. 0.15m two points, it is in c. 0.2 m a. Rectilinear motion d. 0.05m b. Periodic motion 4. A piece of ribbon folded 5 times is placed along a c. Rotational motion 30cm long measuring scale as shown in the fig- d. Random motion ure. 9. One metre has _______ centimetre.      The length of the ribbon is between a. 10 b. 100 a. 1.15m-1.25m c. 20 b. 1.25m-1.35m d. 1000 c. 1.50m-1.60m 10. Four pieces of wooden sticks A, B, C and D are d. 1.60m-1.70m placed along the length of 30 cm long scale as 5. Priya moves on a straight road from point A to shown in the figure. Which one of them is 3.4 cm in length? point C. She takes 20 minutes to cover a certain a. A distance AB and 30 minutes to cover the rest of b. B distance BC. She then turns back and takes 30 c. C minutes to cover the distance CB and 20 minutes d. D to cover the rest of the distance to her starting point. She makes 5 rounds on the road, the same 69 way. Priya concludes that her motion is a. Only rectilinear motion. b. Only periodic motion.

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 11. Motion of a wheel of car is an example of a. Random motion b. Rectilinear motion c. Periodic motion d. Circular motion 12. Which of the following is not a unit of distance? a. Metre b. Feet c. Kilogram d. Kilometre 13. Which of the following does not involve combination of motion? a. Earth’s rotation and revolution b. Moving bike c. Pendulum d. A rolling ball 14. Identify the standard unit of measurement. a. Mutthi b. Metre c. Feet d. Arm length 15. A girl uses a worn out ruler to measure the length of the table in her room. She placed the ruler such that 5.0cm mark coincides with one end and the other coincides with 35.5cm. the length of the table is a. 33.5cm b. 35.5cm c. 30.5cm d. 36.5cm 70

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 1. Correct the following: a. Motion of a swing is an example of rectilinear motion. b. 1m = 1000cm 2. Write an example for the following types of mo- tion:   Rectilinear motion: Circular motion. Periodic motion Circular and periodic motion. 3. The photograph given shows a section of a grille made up of straight and curved iron bars. How would you measure the length of the bars of this section, so that the payment could be made to the contractor? 4. Four children measured the length of a table which was about 2 m. Each of them used differ- ent ways to measure it. a. Sam measured it with a half metre long thread. b. Gurmeet measured it with a 15 cm scale from her geometry box. c. Reena measured it using her hand span. d. Salim measured it using a 5 m long measuring tape. Which one of them would get the most accurate length? Give reason for your answer. 5. How are the motions of a wheel of a moving bicycle and a mark on the blade of a moving electric fan different? Explain. 6. Why does a tailor use tape whereas a cloth merchant uses a metre rod for measurement? 71

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 8. Four friends A, B, C and D, placed the object given to them along a scale for measuring its 1. Which of the following is used to measure the length. Who will get the correct measure? thickness of your notebook? a. a. Cubit b. b. Hand span c. Centimetre scale c. d. Rolled tape d. 2. The motion of a swing is classified as ______ motion. 9. Choose the correct matching of column A and a. To and fro Column B b. Circular A B c. Rectilinear d. Rotatory i) Hands of a clock a) Periodic motion 3. The motion of the given object is classified as ii) Revolution of Earth b) Rectilinear motion ________ motion. a. Rectilinear iii) Movement of car c) Circular motion b. Rotatory c. To and fro a. i) – a); ii) – c); iii) – b) d. Periodic b. i) – b); ii) – c); iii) – a) c. i) – c); ii) – a); iii) – b) 4. Which of the following is a suitable unit by d. i) – a); ii) – b); iii) – c) which the distance between two states is Ans: c measured? a. Kilometres 10. Identify the object that moves both in circular b. Centimetres and rectilinear motion? c. millimetres a. Blades of a fan d. Decametres b. Tyre of a bike c. Rotation of Earth 5. The length of a room is 42.5 m. The same if d. Pendulum of a clock expressed in m and cm is ______. a. 40 m 25 cm b. 42 metres 5 cm c. 4 m 25 cm d. 42 metres 50 cm 6. Playing a guitar is classified as ________ motion. a. Periodic b. Rectilinear c. Rotatory d. Circular 7. The measure of the given pencil is __________. a. 4.5 cm b. 3 m c. 4 cm d. 3 cm 72

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) II. Short Answer Questions: 1. Explain the method of measuring the thickness of a 5 Rupee coin using a scale? 2. Illustrate a method to measure a curved line using a thread. 3. Why do you think there is a necessity for standard unit of measurement? What is the standard unit of length? III. Long Answer Questions: 1. What is meant by motion of an object? Write a short note on different types of motion with an example for each type. 2. Analyse the errors that are commonly made while using a metre scale and suggest the pre- ventive measures? 73

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I.   Fill in the blanks: (3 Marks) 2. How did people travel from one place to another in earlier times before the discovery of wheel? 1. Motion of an object or a part of it, around a fixed point is known as ............. motion. 2. A body repeating its motion after certain interval IV.   Define the following terms: (5 Marks) of time is in .......... motion. 1. Unit: 3. In rectilinear motion, object move straight .......... 2. Random motion ............ a line. II.   Identify the types of motion: (3 Marks) 3. Periodic motion: 1. Hands of a clock . 4. Circular motion 2. Surface of the drum being played. 5. Rectilinear motion 3. Movement of the wheel in a car. III.  Answer the following: (4 Marks) 1. Convert the following: a. 5km into cm.— b. 7 cm into mm.— 74

11. Light, Shadows and Reflections Learning Outcomes • Define reflection of light. • Identify regular and irregular reflections. At the end of this lesson students will be able to • Construct a pinhole camera • Explain sources of light. • Explain the working of a pinhole camera. • Explain the formation of a shadow. • Differentiate between an image and a shadow. • Realise that light travels in a straight line. Concept Map Key Points • Light will not pass through the opaque bodies. • Transparent objects allow light to pass through them. • Translucent objects allow light to pass through them partially. • An object which emits its own light is called a lu- minous object Key Words: Luminous, mirror, opaque, pinhole cam- era, shadow, translucent, shadow, transparent. 75

11. Light, Shadows and Reflections Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Simulation/ Sources of Light Video Shadows • Natural PS-1 Reflection • Man made Activity to Application • Formation PS-2 demonstrate how • Eclipse shadows are formed. • Difference between shadow and image • Rectilinear PS-3 A pinhole camera propagation of PS-4 light • Definition • Regular reflection • Irregular reflection • Pin hole camera Worksheet for “Light, Shadows and PS-5 Reflections” Evaluation with Self-evaluation self- check or Peer Sheet check* 76

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Fill in the blanks by selecting appropriate words from the box. Presence   Absence   Natural   Energy   Heat   Beam Irregular Regular    Man Made 1. We cannot see things in the ________ of light. 2. A source of light can be _________ or __________ 3. Light is a form of _______________. 4. A group of rays that travel together and in paral- lel, forms a __________ of light. 5. A plane mirror reflects light in a _________ manner. II. Say true or false. 1. The amount of light energy, generated by differ- ent sources of light is the same. 2. Sun is a luminous body. 3. The shape and size of the shadow depends upon the position of the opaque object from the source of light. 4. Transparent objects form shadows. 5. When the shadow of the moon falls on the earth, a solar eclipse occurs. 77

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Match the terms with their definitions. COLUMN I COLUMN II Answer a. Opaque Natural event that object occurs when the moon’s shadow falls on the earth. b. Translucent Property of light to object travel in a straight line. c. Transparent An object which object does not allow light to pass through it completely. d. Solar eclipse An object which al- lows some amount of light to pass through it. e. Lunar An object that eclipse allows light to pass through it com- pletely. f. Rectilinear A natural event that propagation occurs when the of light earth’s shadow falls on the moon. II. The properties of a shadow and an image are jumbled up. Tabulate appropriate properties under shadow and image in the table below: a. Always black regardless of the colour of the object. b. Gives outline of the object. c. Gives the colour of the object. d. Gives details as well as the outline of the object SHADOW IMAGE 78

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: d. D 1. A luminous object produces 5. Which of the following is/are not always a. Light necessary to observe a shadow? b. Sound a. Sun c. Noise b. Screen d. Heat c. Source of light 2. Observe the picture given in the Fig. carefully. d. Opaque object Patch of light is obtained at B, when the torch is 6. Paheli observed the shadow of a tree at 8:00 lighted as shown. Which of the following is kept a.m., 12:00 noon and 3:00 p.m. Which of the at position A to get this patch of light? following statements is closest to her observa- tion about the shape and size of the shadow? a. A wooden board a. The shape of the shadow of the tree changes b. A glass sheet c. A mirror but the size remains the same. d. A sheet of white paper b. The size of the shadow of the tree changes but 3. A student observes a tree through a pin hole camera. Which of the diagrams given in Fig. (a) the shape remains the same. to (d), depicts the image seen by her correctly? c. Both the size and shape of the shadow of the 4. Four students A, B, C and D looked through tree change. pipes of different shapes to see a candle flame d. Neither the shape nor the size of the shadow as shown in Fig. Who will be able to see the can- dle flame clearly? changes. 7. Which of the following can never form a circular a. A b. B shadow? c. C a. A ball b. A flat disc c. A shoe box d. An ice cream cone 8. Two students while sitting across a table looked down on to its top surface. They noticed that they could see their own and each other’s im- age. The table top is likely to be made of: a. unpolished wood b. red stone c. glass sheet d. wood top covered with cloth 9. We are able to see an illuminated object because it ___________. a. Scatters light b. Absorbs light c. Reflects light d. Gives light 10. An object that forms a dark shadow is a. Transparent b. Opaque c. Translucent d. Bright 79

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 11. An object that allows some amount of light to pass through it is called a. Translucent b. Transparent c. Opaque d. None of the above 12. A solar eclipse occurs when the a. Moon’s shadow falls on the earth. b. Earth blocks the sun c. Earth’s shadow falls on the moon. d. Sun stops giving off light. 13. Reflection from a mirror is a. Irregular b. Regular c. Can be regular or irregular depending on the size of the object d. None of the above. 14. Shape and size of the object depends on a. Shape of the object b. Size of the object c. Position of the opaque object from the source of light d. All of the above. 15. Formation of shadows and pinhole images are due to the fact that a. Light travels in a straight line b. Transparency of the objects c. Both a and b d. Light travels in a zigzag manner. 80

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Answer in complete sentences: 4. Look at the figure given in Fig. Will there be any 1. You have 3 opaque strips with very small holes of difference in the shadow formed on the screen in A and B. different shapes as shown in Fig. If you obtain an image of the sun on a wall through these holes, will the image formed by these holes be the same or different? 2. Observe the picture given in Fig. A sheet of some material is placed at position ‘P’, still the patch of light is obtained on the screen. What is the type of material of this sheet? 3. Three torches A, B and C shown in Fig. are 5. Correct the following statements. switched on one by one. The light from which of a. The colour of the shadow of an object depends the torches will not form a shadow of the ball on on its colour of the object. the screen. b. Transparent objects allow light to pass through them partially. 6. Suggest a situation where we obtain more than one shadow of an object at a time. 7. On a sunny day, does a bird or an aeroplane flying high in the sky cast its shadow on the ground? Under what circumstances can we see their shadow on the ground? 8. You are given a transparent glass sheet. Suggest any two ways to make it translucent without breaking it. 81

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) 9. A torch is placed at two different positions A and B, one by one, as shown in Fig. The shape of the shadow obtained in two positions is shown in Fig. Match the position of the torch and shape of the shadow of the ball. 82

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: d. Screen and light 1. Which of the following is a source of light? 8. Shadow of which of the following objects looks a. Earth alike? b. Moon c. Sun i. ii. iii. iv. d. Satellite a. i and ii 2. The colour that absorbs most of the light is: b. ii and iv a. Black c. i and iii b. White d. iii and iv c. Red d. Blue 9. Choose the odd one. a. Glass 3. Straight-line motion of a light ray is understood b. Wood using _____. c. Metal a. Magnifying lens d. Wall b. Pinhole camera c. Candle 10. Which of the following substances do not form d. Tube light shadows? a. Transparent 4. The mirror image of will be: b. Opaque a. WROD c. Translucent b. DORW d. Magnetic c. ROWD d. DROW II. Short Answer Questions: 1. How are we able to see the objects in the 5. Sun gives us light during daytime and Moon gives us light during night. Even then, the Moon presence of light? Give some examples of source is a _______. of light. a. Star b. Luminous body 2. Can we guess the object by observing its c. Nonluminous body shadow? Give reason with examples. d. Transparent object 3. Think and write why some objects form 6. A normal paper can be made translucent by shadows? And others do not? applying _______ on it. a. Oil III. Long Answer Questions: b. G rease 1. What are transparent and translucent c. Clay d. Both (A) and (B) substances. Give two examples for each. 7. Sharad wants to cast the shadow of an opaque 2. Why do you observe an inverted image of an object. Which of the following are required for object when you see through a pinhole camera? the same? What phenomenon is understood by observing a. Object and Light the image? b. Object, Light and Screen c. Object and Screen 83

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Answer in one or two sentences: (10 Marks) 5. In Fig., a flower made of thick coloured paper 1. A student covered a torch with red cellophane has been pasted on the transparent glass sheet. What will be the shape and colour of shadow sheet to obtain red light. Using the red light, seen on the screen? she obtains a shadow of an opaque object. She repeats this activity with green and blue light. Will the colour of the light affect the shadow? Explain. 2. Is air around us always transparent? Discuss. III. Draw a diagram showing solar eclipse: (3 Marks) 3. Three identical towels of red, blue and green colour are hanging on a clothes line in the sun. What would be the colour of shadows of these towels? 4. Using a pinhole camera a student observes the IV. Differentiate between an image and a shadow in image of two of his friends, standing in sunlight, the form of a tabular column: (2 Marks) wearing yellow and red shirt respectively. What will be the colours of the shirts in the image? 84

12. Electricity and Circuits Learning Outcomes • Make an electric switch. • Infer the role of a switch in an electric circuit. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Identify conductors and insulators. • Describe an electric cell. • Distinguish between conductors and insulators. • Connect a bulb to an electric cell. • Define an electric circuit. • Build an electric circuit. Concept Map Elecctirriccuitiytsand Electric cell Bulbs Electric circuit Electric switch Coinndsuuclatotorrasnd Key Points • An electric cell produces electricity through chemical reactions. • An electric cell has a positive and a negative terminal. • An electric bulb converts electric energy into heat and light energy. • Tungsten is used as a filament because it can withstand high temperatures and produce heat by glowing. • Mostly inert gases like argon is used in electric bulbs. • Materials through which electricity can pass easily are called conductors. • Copper and silver are good conductors. • Materials through which electricity cannot pass are called insulators. • Wood and rubber are good insulators. Key words – circuit, tungsten, wire, cell, conductor, insulator, electricity 85

12. Electricity and Circuits Work Plan Concept Coverage Details Practice Simulation/Video Electric circuit • Components of circuit Sheet Structure of an electric • Electricity PS-1 cell and bulb Conductors and • Flow of electric current Connecting a bulb to insulators • Insulators electric cell in different • Conductors methods • Difference between PS-2 Study of a simple electric insulators and conductors circuit • Examples of conductors and Creating a simple switch insulators using a safety pin Worksheet for “Electricity and Circuits” PS-3 Differentiating between conductors and insula- tors Evaluation with Self-evalu- Study of inside view of a self- check or peer ation Sheet torch check* 86