Quick Access Toolbar: This tool bar provides us with access to commands we frequently use. By default, Save, Undo and Redo appear on this toolbar. Ribbon: It is a panel that organises commands into tabs and groups. It is displayed just below the title bar. The three parts of the Ribbon are tabs, groups and commands. • Tabs: Each tab represents core tasks we do in a given program. • Groups: Sets of related commands • Commands: A command can be a button, menu or a box where we enter information. Status Bar: It appears at the bottom of the window. This bar displays information such as the current page number, word count, language, etc. Rulers: They display the tabs, indents and margins. Horizontal ruler in Word can be used for setting and changing margins. Vertical ruler can be used to increase or decrease the top and bottom margins. View Buttons: These buttons allow us to choose from five different document views. Text Area: The large area below the ruler is called the text area. We can type here. Vertical and Horizontal Scroll Bars: The scroll bars let us scroll the document up-down vertically or left-right horizontally. The document moves in a direction opposite to the movement of the scroll box. 49
Styles and Effects In MS Word, we can change the look of text using the Font Group. The text looks beautiful when it is written using different colours, styles and sizes. To change the format of the text, it should first be selected. Selecting means choosing the text to be formatted. To select a desired portion of text: STEP 1: Place the insertion point next to the text you want to select. STEP 2: Click the mouse. While holding it down, drag your mouse over the text to select it. STEP 3: Release the mouse button. You have selected the text. A highlighted box will appear over the selected text. To change the font size: STEP 1: Select the text you want to modify. STEP 2: Click the drop-down arrow next to the Font Size box on the Home tab. A drop-down menu appears (Fig. 6.2). STEP 3: Select the desired font size from the menu. Alternatively, you can type the value you want and then press Enter on your keyboard. You can also use the Grow Font and Shrink Fig. 6.2 Font Size Font commands to change the size. To change the font: STEP 1: Select the text you want to modify. STEP 2: Click the drop-down arrow next to the Font box on the Home tab. The Font drop-down menu appears (Fig. 6.3). STEP 3: Move the mouse pointer over the various fonts. A live preview of the font will appear in the document. STEP 4: Select the font you want to use. The font will change in the document. Fig. 6.3 Font 50
To change the font colour: STEP 1: Select the text you want to modify. STEP 2: Click the Font Color drop- down arrow on the Home tab. The Font Color menu appears (Fig. 6.4). STEP 3: Move the mouse pointer Fig. 6.4 Font Color over the various font colours. A live preview of the colour will appear in the document. STEP 4: Select the font colour you want to use. The font colour will change in the document. To highlight text: STEP 1: From the Home tab, click the Text Highlight Color drop-down arrow. The Highlight Color menu appears (Fig. 6.5). STEP 2: Select the desired highlight colour. Fig. 6.5 Highlight Text S TEP 3: Select the text you want to modify. It will then be highlighted. STEP 4: To switch back to the normal cursor, click the Text Highlight Color command. To use the bold, italic and underline commands: STEP 1: Select the text you want to modify. STEP 2: Click the Bold, Italic, or Underline commands in the Font group on the Home tab. To change text case: STEP 1: Select the text you want to modify. STEP 2: Click the Change Case command in the Font group on the Home tab. STEP 3: Select the desired case option from the list. 51
To change text alignment: STEP 1: Select the text you want to modify. STEP 2: Select one of the four alignment options from the Paragraph group on the Home tab. • Align Text Left: Aligns all selected text to the left margin • Center: Aligns text an equal distance from the Quick Keys left and right margins Ctrl+L Left • Align Text Right: Aligns all selected text to the right margin Ctrl+E Center • Justify: Aligns text equally on both sides and lines Ctrl+R Right up equally to the right and left margins; used by many newspapers and magazines Ctrl+J Justifie Let Us Practise: Start a blank word file and type the below sentences. Read Only Memory A Read only Memory is a memory unit that performs the read operation only. It does not have a write capability. This implies that binary information stored in a ROM is made permanent during the hardware production of the unit. It cannot be altered by writing different words into it. Change the format for the title: Font– When you want to Arial, Font Size– 16, Bold, Font Color– Blue, save a copy of a Alignment– Center file, use the Save As command. Change the format for the word ‘ROM’: Bold, Underline, Italic. Font Color– Green Save and Close the File Let’s Save the Document The first time we save a file, we need to specify three items: a) The drive or folder where we want to save the file 52
b) The name of the file on c) The format to save the file; we can use the default option for most purposes To save a new document STEP 1: Click the Office Button. A menu appears. STEP 2: Click Save. The Save As dialog box appears. STEP 3: Type any name for the file in the File name box. STEP 4: Click Save. When you want to save an open document, you can use the Save button the Quick Access Toolbar. DO YOU The Word software will automatically add an extension KNOW? .docx or .doc to the file name. Closing a document A document will remain open on the screen till we close it. To close the open document, Click the Close button on the upper right-hand corner of the window. OR Click the Office Button and choose the option Close. OR Press Alt+F4 in the keyboard. If we try to close an unsaved document on which something is typed without saving it, Word prompts us to save it. Opening an Existing File After the document is saved, the file name appears with the name you have typed on the Title Bar. These are the STEPS for opening an existing document: 53
STEP 1: Click on the Office Button. STEP 2: Click on the Open option. The Open dialog box appears. STEP 3: Click on the file you want to open. Click on the Open button. The document will be opened. Ctrl+O Quick Keys Ctrl+S Ctrl+W Opens an existing document Saves a document Closes a document 1. Dialog Box – A box that appears on a display screen to present Glossary information or request input is a dialog box. Typically, dialog boxes are temporary – they disappear once you have entered the requested information 2. Horizontal Scroll Bar – It allows us to move left or right through a wide document. 3. Menu – A list of options 4. Quick Access toolbar – A toolbar that contains commands that users use more often, such as Save, Undo and Redo 5. Ribbon – A panel that is divided into tabs that contain groups 6. Save – A button in the Quick Access Toolbar that saves an existing document 7. Save As– A dialog box that will save a document in a specific format 8. Suite – A group of programs that have similar look and feel 9. Vertical Scroll Bar – It allows us to move up or down through a wide document. 10. Word processor – A software that allows you to create, edit, format and print documents 54
Inside the Lab Let’s practise a little of what we just learnt. Teacher’s Notes • Explain the words ‘Word Processing’. • Demonstrate to the learners how to start, save and close a word document. • Familiarise the learners with the various screen components of the MS Word toolbars and their commands. Learner’s Note • Open a new document and type your full name. Highlight your name and select the Papyrus font from the Font group. • Press Enter key and type a paragraph from your book. Save the file with the name ‘My First Doc’ and close it. • Open the same document, type a few lines more and save it with a different name. Exercise 1) Multiple Choice Questions a) In Word 2007, there is an area at the top of the window. It is a wide band with groups of commands. What is it called? (A) Menu (B) Ribbon (C) Office button (D) Start button b) There is a toolbar at the top left-hand side of the window in Word. It is next to the Office button. You can add and remove different commands. What is this toolbar called? (A) Start (B) Quick Access toolbar (C) File (D) Home c) The first version of MS Word was _________________________. (A) Word 2016 (B) Word 2003 (C) Word 1.0 (D) Windows XP 55
2) true or False a) By default, the text is aligned to the right. __________ b) MS Word is a part of the MS Office suite of applications. __________ c) At any given time, more than one tabbed toolbar from __________ the ribbon can be made visible. 3) Fill in the blanks a) MS Word is developed by a company known as ______________________. b) The extension of a saved file in MS Word is ____________. c) By default, the document is named ____________________ in Word. 4) Match the following a) Ctrl+B i) Saves a document b) Ctrl+O ii) Makes your text bold c) Ctrl+S iii) Closes a document d) Ctrl+W iv) Opens an existing document. 5) Very Short Answer Questions a) Arrange the following in order of their occurrence in MS Word from left to right. Write the correct number beside each option to arrange. Control Buttons __, Office Button __, Title Bar __, Quick Access Toolbar __ b) Arrange the following in order of their occurrence in MS-Word from top to bottom. Write the correct number beside each option to arrange. Status Bar __, Title Bar __, Ribbon __, Text Area __, Ribbon Tabs __ 6) Short Answer Questions a) What is MS Office suite? Name its main components. Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ b) Define Text Area. Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 56
7) Long Answer Question a) How many parts are there in the Ribbon? Explain them. Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8) Picture Based Question List the names of the parts of the MS WORD screen. 57
Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������� ACTIVITY: a) C ircle all the icons of MS Word. b) Put a tick on the extensions of MS Word. .doc .pptx .docx .xls 58
7Lesson GETTinG STaRTEd WiTH MSWLogo Friends! Do you think computers can understand Hindi, English and other languages? No, computers cannot understand these languages. To interact with a computer you need a language. LOGO is one such language. Here, we will learn LOGO and meet our new friend Turtle. Let Us Start Microsoft Windows LOGO (MSWLogo) is a simple computer language. It is useful for learning to program. LOGO is used for drawing figures using commands. It is also used to type text and perform arithmetic calculations. There are several types of LOGO programming. Here, we are going to use MSWLogo. It is a free application that can be downloaded from the Internet. In this We will learn lesson • To start the MSWLogo program and identify parts of the LOGO window • Use of basic commands of LOGO and exiting the LOGO window LOGO stands for Language of Graphics Oriented. Sir Seymour Papert and his team developed LOGO in 1967. In LOGO, the pen is called the TURTLE. It works as a pointer and draws a line as it moves. We can draw different shapes by moving the turtle in different ways. The LOGO turtle is represented by a triangle. It shows the position where it will start to draw. The turtle has two parts: • The upper pointed part is called Head. • The lower broader part is called Tail. 59
DO YOU Originally, the turtle was a robot that moved around on KNOW? the floor when the user typed LOGO commands into a computer. How to Start MSWLogo Follow the steps given below to start LOGO: Step 1: Click on the Start button. Step 2: Click on All Programs. Step 3: From the list, click on Microsoft Windows LOGO (Fig. 7.1). A LOGO window appears here (Fig. 7.2). Fig. 7.1 Fig. 7.2 Let’s Learn LOGO Window Parts The LOGO window is divided into TWO sections: Main Screen (Fig. 7.3) and Commander Window (Fig. 7.4). • The Main Screen: It is the area where every drawing is viewed by the user. It consists of: 60
1. Menu Bar 2. Title Bar 3. Drawing Area • The Commander Window: It is the area where the user gives the commands. These commands make the turtle move on the main screen. The commander window has three main parts. Input Box– The Input Box is the Fig. 7.3 Main Screen area where you type the LOGO commands. You can also edit the commands in this window. Fig. 7.4 Commander window Recall list box– The Recall List box keeps a list of all the instructions typed in the Input Box. Tools– The Tool Box contains the control buttons. The Control Buttons on the right side corner are used for quick actions. The various Control buttons are: • Halt: Stops running the commands entered in the Input Box • Trace: Checks our programs for errors • Pause: Stops the LOGO program temporarily • Status: Clicking on this button gives us the turtle’s position, the thickness of the line it draws, etc. • Step: Runs the program we enter step-by-step 61
• Reset: Clears the main screen • Execute: Carries out the commands typed in the Input Box; to execute a command, click the Execute button or press the Enter key • Edall: Opens the command editor window Basic LOGO Commands To Move: FORWARD or FD is used to move the turtle in the forward direction. You can give the number of steps the turtle should move. Format: FORWARD<space><number of steps> Or FD<space><number of steps> Example: FD 90 BACK or BK is used to move the turtle in the backward direction. You can give the number of steps the turtle should move. Format: BACKWARD<space><number of steps> Or BK<space><number of steps> Example: BK 90 HOME is used to bring the turtle back to the centre of the screen. If you are drawing a figure and you type the HOME command, the turtle will move back to the starting position. Format: HOME To Turn RIGHT or RT turns the head of the turtle towards the right side. Format: RIGHT<space><number> Or RT<space><number> 62
Example: RT 60 LEFT or LT turns the head of the turtle towards the left side. Format: LEFT<space><number> Or LT<space><number> Example: LT 60 Entering MSWLogo Commands STEP 1: Click in the Input Box at the bottom of the LOGO Commander Window. STEP 2: Type in the command. STEP 3: Press the Enter key or click the Execute button at the right of the Commander Window. Let Us Do 1: Let’s make a square with each side being 100 units using FD and RT command Enter the following commands. After each command press the Enter key. FD 100 RT 90 FD 100 RT 90 FD 100 RT 90 FD 100 RT 90 FD 100 More LOGO Commands Let’s Clear the Screen CLEARSCREEN or CS The CS command erases the drawing on the screen and brings the turtle to its initial position. Format: CLEARSCREEN Or CS CLEAN 63
It does the same function as the CS command. However, it does not bring back the turtle to its home position. Format: CLEAN CLEARTEXT or CT This command is used to clear the Recall List Box. The CLEARTEXT will not clear the LOGO screen. The presented figure on the LOGO screen will not get erased. The short form of CLEARTEXT is CT. Format: CLEaRTEXT or CT Let’s Play Hide and Seek HIDETURTLE or HT It hides the turtle and you can see your finished drawing without the turtle. Format: HidETURTLE or HT SHOWTURTLE or ST It shows the turtle again on the screen. ST Command works after HT command is already given. Format: SHOWTURTLE or ST Fig. 7.5 Execution of ST Command Fig. 7.6 Execution of HT Command 64
Exiting LOGO You can exit LOGO by two methods: STEP 1: Type ‘BYE’ in the Command Input Box. STEP 2: Press the Enter key. Or STEP 1: Select File in the Menu Bar. STEP 2: Click on Exit. Fig. 7.7 Glossary 1. Commander Window – It is the place where user gives the commands. 2. Execute – Tells the turtle to run the command typed in the Input Box 3. input Box – It is the place where the LOGO commands are typed. 4. Recall list box – Place where the commands typed in the Input Box are listed 5. Turtle – It is a small triangle placed at the centre of the drawing area of the LOGO window. It moves and draws figures. Inside the Lab Let’s practise a little of what we just learnt. Teacher’s Notes • MSWLogo can be downloaded from the link: https://mswLOGO.en.softonic. com for the Windows OS. • Explain to learners that just as we need languages to interact with each other, we need some specific languages to interact with a computer. • Discuss with the students the uses of the most commonly used control buttons in LOGO. • Explain how to open and close LOGO, and the main sections of the LOGO screen. • Explain all the commands given in the lesson. • Guide and help learners complete the activities given in the lesson. 65
Learner’s Note • Try and execute all the commands given in your lesson. • Execute the commands and draw 2D shapes in LOGO: FD 100 RT xx (A) Pentagon-72 (B) Hexagon- 60 (C) Octagon- 45 • Write the LOGO commands to draw the letter N- FD 40 RT 135 FD 60 LT 135 FD 40 HT A, L• Write the LOGO commands to draw the letter and execute. • Type and execute the LOGO commands given below. Draw the shapes you see in your notebook. FD 100 RT 90 FD 100 FD 100 FD 100 BK 100 FD 100 RT 90 FD 100 RT 120 RT 90 LT 45 LT 90 RT 90 FD 100 LT 90 FD 100 RT 90 FD 100 BK 100 FD 100 BK100 RT 120 FD 100 RT 45 RT 90 RT 90 FD 100 FD 100 BK 100 FD 100 RT 120 RT 90 FD 100 RT 90 Exercise 1) Multiple Choice Questions a) In LOGO after typing each command you have to press this button. (A) Enter (B) Execute (C) Shift (D) Both (A) or (B) b) Choose a command for exiting LOGO. (A) GOOD BYE (B) BYE (C) OUT (D) CLOSE c) Home command brings back the turtle to ______. (A) top position (B) bottom position (C) middle position (D) left position 66
2) True or False _________ a) The LOGO window is divided into 4 parts. _________ b) The turtle cannot be moved backward. _________ c) CLEARTEXT does not clear the LOGO screen. 3) Fill in the blanks a) The LOGO commands are typed in the _____________________. b) The _____________ command erases the drawing on the screen. c) __________TURTLE command is used to hide the turtle. 4) Match the following a) Forward i) RT b) SHOWTURTLE ii) LT c) Left iii) FD d) Right iv) ST 5) Very Short Answer Questions a) What is the LOGO cursor called? Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ b) Who developed LOGO? Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 6) Short Answer Questions a) What is MSWLogo? What does LOGO stand for? Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 67
b) What is ‘Commander Window’? Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������� 7) Long Answer Question a) Describe the components of the LOGO window. Ans. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������� 8) picture Based Question Label the parts of the LOGO screen. 68
aCTiViTY: Write the LOGO commands and execute them to draw the figures given below. 69
Notes 70
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