202110737-PERFORM-TEACHER-TEACHER_COMPANION_BOOK-ENGLISH-G09-FY

1.1 The Fun They Had Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Margie had hoped he wouldn’t know how to put it together again, but he knew how all right, and, after an hour or so, there it was again, large and black and ugly, with a big screen on which all the lessons were shown and the questions were asked. That wasn’t so bad. The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. She always had to write them out in a punch code they made her learn when she was six years old, and the mechanical teacher calculated the marks in no time. 1. Who does ‘he’ in the passage refer to? 2. What had Margie hoped? 3. What was ‘he’ able to do? 4. What was not so bad for Margie? 5. What did Margie hate the most and why? 6. How did she write out her tests and homework? 7. What did she learn when she was six years old? 8. What was the mechanical teacher’s work? 9. Find in the passage a word that means ‘a narrow opening through which something can be put’. Ans: 1. The word ‘he’ refers to the County Inspector. 2. She had hoped that the County Inspector won’t know how to put the mechanical teacher together again. 3. He was able to set the mechanical teacher right. 4. Answering questions on the lessons was not so bad for Margie. 5. She hated the slot most because she had to put into it her homework and test papers. 6. She wrote them in a punch code. 7. She was made to learn punch code. 8. It would mark Margie’s homework and test papers. 9. slot = a narrow opening through which something can be put. Extract 2: Margie went into the schoolroom. It was right next to her bedroom, and the mechanical teacher was on and waiting for her. It was always on at the same time every day except Saturday and Sunday, because her mother said little girls learned better if they learned at regular hours. The screen was lit up, and it said, ‘Today’s arithmetic lesson is on the addition of proper fractions. Please insert yesterday’s homework in the proper slot.’ 1. Where was Margie’s school room located? 2. Where was the mechanical teacher? 3. What was the mechanical teacher doing? 4. What were the mechanical teacher’s workdays? 5. What did Margie’s mother say about learning? 1

1.1 The Fun They Had 6. Which was the screen that was lit up? 7. What was the day’s lesson that Margie was going to learn? 8. What did the screen ask Margie to do? 9. Which word in the passage means ‘not including’? Ans: 1. It was right next to her bedroom. 2. It was in Margie’s school room. 3. It was waiting for Margie. 4. It worked all days of the week except Saturday and Sunday 5. She said that little girls learnt better if they learnt at regular hours. 6. The television screen was lit up. 7. She was going to have the lesson on the addition of proper fractions. 8. It asked Margie to insert the previous day’s homework in the proper slot. 9. except 2

1.2 The Road Not Taken Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh! kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. 1. What were the two roads covered with? 2. How was it evident that neither of the two roads had been used that morning? 3. What did the poet decide with the first road? 4. What did the poet doubt and why? 5. Which word in the passage means crushed or trampled? Ans: 1. They were covered with leaves. 2. There were no signs of steps on them. 3. He kept the first road for another day. 4. He knew that one road always leads to another. So, he doubted if he would ever come back to take the first road. 5. trodden. 3

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully (Factual passage – a Senators wore brown shoes with four black passage based on true facts) leather straps wound around the lower leg. Shoes Consuls or legal officers wore white shoes and Shoes—we wear them nearly every day. We soldiers wore heavy leather sandals that were walk, run, jump, climb and stand in them more like boots—but with bare toes! for hours on end. Yet we hardly think about Meanwhile, people who lived in cold northern them because they are such an ordinary part climates were making their shoes from the of our daily lives. Shoes were not always an hides of furry animals, such as polar bears important part of people’s wardrobes. The and yaks. The soles and tops of these shoes ancient Greeks, Egyptians and Persians made were made from pieces of soft leather sewn and wore sandals, but actually went barefoot together. This type of shoe—whether or not it most of the time. These people lived in regions used fur—was called a moccasin. Some Native where the weather was temperate and shoes American groups made and wore moccasins were not needed to keep their feet warm. for thousands of years. Some moccasins Archaeologists have found shoes in the ruins were plain and others were adorned with of these civilizations, but they seem to have beadwork. been worn mainly by royalty, who could afford Answer the following questions. to employ tailors and shoemakers. a. Why did the ancient Greeks, Egyptians and Shoes in Early Civilizations the Persians go barefoot in spite of making As shoes became more common in ancient shoes? Egypt, the first ones were simple sandals b. What was the purpose of the first shoe? created mainly to protect the soles of the c. Which civilization was the first to wear feet from rough surfaces. The easiest way shoes to make a fashion statement? to make shoes in these ancient times was d. What are rushes? to use materials that were readily available, e. What did the colours of the sandals made including tree bark, leaves and grasses. In by the Romans represent? ancient Egypt, sandals were made of rushes, f.What is a moccasin? which are grassy plants with hollow stalks. g. Find a word from the passage which means Rushes are the same plants used today to the same as ‘in working condition’. [para 3] make chair bottoms, mats and baskets. h. Find a word from the passage which Among the ancient Greeks, sandals were woven means the opposite of ‘foreign’. [para 5] of similar plant materials, but the Greeks also Ans: varied the process by tying small pieces of a. They lived in temperate regions and didn’t wood together with dried grass. In later years, they made sandals with leather from the hides need shoes to keep their feet warm. of animals. The first Greek shoes were purely b. The purpose of the first shoes was to protect functional, but over time most were dyed and decorated to make fashion statements. Women the soles of the feet from rough surfaces. began to wear soft, enclosed leather shoes, and c. The Greek these grew increasingly fancy in the later years d. Rushes are grassy plants with hollow stalks. of the Greek civilization. e. The colours represented the different jobs The Romans wore sandals much like the Greeks did, but used more pieces of leather to held by the people wearing them. make them. Some Roman sandals had straps f. This type of shoe-whether or not it is used for that wrapped around the ankles. Shoemakers often dyed these sandals in bright colors fur- was called mocassin that represented the different jobs held by g. Functional the people wearing them. The patricians, h. Native or privileged classes wore red sandals with moon-shaped ornaments on the back. II. Write a story beginning with the given lines. Ravi was a porter. One day an old foreigner hired him to carry his luggage to the taxi stand. On reaching the taxi stand…………. 4

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Title – Content – Structure/Fluency – […. the porter put the luggage in the cab and the passen- ger sat in the cab – the foreigner pays him – two thousand rupees – the porter returns all that is not his – foreigner surprised – mentions that he had heard how foreigners are cheated in – cab driver a witness to the entire event – furious at how the foreigner speaks to the porter – por- ter patient – asks foreigner not to form opinions without experiencing – foreigner ashamed of himself – asks for for- giveness] The above is just one of the numerous ideas which may come up. This should not be considered as ‘THE ANSWER’. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each 4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. line. Edit the given paragraph. ______________________________ The solitary reaper is a poem dominated Have you ever wondered why certain children [a] _____ one central figure, a highland girl bubble in energy? This energy is [a] standing [b] _____ a field harvesting grain. The reflected in their enthusiasm to learning [b] song [c] _____ the girl is incomprehensible and excel at new things. So super active [c] [d] _____ the poet. He compares her voice kids score on two counts over there [e] _____ a nightingale. This poem gives a counterparts.[d] vivid picture [f] _____ nature [g] _____ rural settings. One likes it [h] _____ the feeling of 2. In the following passage one word has been bliss it inspires. omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. Festivals gifting go hand in hand. While [a] 5. Read the following passage and fill in the it’s fun be inundated with beautiful gifts, [b] blanks with the most suitable word given in the giving to others equally satisfying, and more[c] brackets. so when gifts are appropriate and useful. [d] Butterflies are some of the world’s [a] _____ [much/many/most/more] beautiful insects. 3. Rearrange the jumbled sentences to form They grow [b] _____ [from/with/to/by] meaningful sentences. egg to adult in four stages. Unfortunately, their life span [c]_____ [is/was/are/were] a. the/in/nineteenth century AD/indian very short. Children enjoy [d] _____ [chase/ press/the/grew chased/chasing/chases] them and sometimes b. reformers/some/newspapers/started/ manage to catch them. A child’s intention and/journals usually [e] _____ [was/were/is/are] to touch c. it/a/became/their/regarding/views/ and feel this pretty insect and not harm it. freedom/to express/medium Butterflies escape harm [f] _____ [with/from/ d. many/languages/were/newspapers/ by/to] merging [g] _____ [with/from/ at/on] regional/in/printed their surroundings. Sometimes their bright coloured wings repel [h] _____ [its/their/them/ his] enemies. 5

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Editing Serial number Correct word Correct word a in With b Learn c learning Such d so their there 2. Omission Serial Before word Missing word After word number and gifting a Festivals to be is b fun the equally gifts c others d when [NOTE : If the above format, for Editing and Omission, is not followed, not a single mark will be awarded in the board exam. Students have to be repeatedly informed of the same.] 3. Jumbled words a. The Indian press grew in the nineteenth century AD. b. Some reformers started journals and newspa- pers. c. It became a medium to express their views re- garding freedom. d. Many newspapers were printed in regional lan- guages. 4. Fill in the blanks. a. by b. in c. of d. to e. to f. of g. in h. for 5. Fill in the blanks. a. most b. from c. is d. chasing e. is f. by g. with h. their 6

2.1 The Sound Of Music Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: One day she noticed a girl playing a xylophone and decided that she wanted to play it too. Most of the teach- ers discouraged her but percussionist Ron Forbes spotted her potential. He began by tuning two large drums to different notes. ‘Don’t listen through your ears,’ he would say, `try to sense it some other way.’ says Evelyn, ‘Suddenly I realised I could feel the higher drum from the waist up and the lower one from the waist down.’ 1. Who does ‘she’ in the first sentence refer to? 2. What did she see the girl doing? 3. Why did the teachers discourage her? 4. Who was Ron Forbes? 5. What did Ron Forbes see in the girl? 6. What did he do for her? 7. What was his advice to her about listening to music? 8. What did Evelyn realise? 9. Who is a percussionist? Ans: 1. The word ‘she’ refers to Evelyn Glennie. 2. She saw the girl playing a xylophone. 3. They discouraged her because she was deaf and couldn’t hear. 4. He was a percussionist. 5. He saw in her the potential of becoming a musician. 6. He tuned for her two large drums to different notes. 7. He advised her not to listen through her ears. He said that she should try to sense music in some other way. 8. She realised that she could feel the higher drum from the waist up and the lower one from the waist down. 9. A percussionist is a person who plays musical instruments like the drum, instruments that are played by hitting them with the hand or with a stick. Extract 2: A barber of a family of professional musicians, who had access to the royal palace, decided to improve the tonal quality of the pungi. He chose a pipe with a natural hollow stem that was longer and broader than the pungi and made seven holes on the body of the pipe. When he played on it, closing and opening some of these holes, soft and melodious sounds were produced. He played the instrument before royalty and everyone was impressed. 1. What family did the barber belong to? 2. Who had access to the royal family? 3. What did the barber decide to do? 4. How did he make a new musical instrument? 7

2.1 The Sound Of Music 5. How did he play on it? 6. What kind of sounds did it make? 7. Where did he play it and with what effect did it have? 8. Find a word in the passage which means ‘the opportunity or right to see somebody.’ Ans: 1. He belonged to a family of professional musicians. 2. The barber had access to the royal filmily. 3. He decided to improve the tonal quality of the pungi. 4. He took a pipe that had a natural hollow and made seven holes on the body of the pipe. 5. He played on the pipe by closing and opening some of the holes on it. 6. It made soft and melodious sounds. 7. He played it before the royalty, and everyone was impressed. 8. access 2.2 Wind Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: You tore the pages of the books. You brought rain again. You’re very clever at poking fin: at weaklings. Frail crumbling houses, crumbling doors, crumbling rafters, crumbling wood, crumbling bodies, crumbling lives, crumbling hearts — the wind god winnows and crushes them all 1. What had the wind done to the books? 2. What had the wind brought again? 3. What is the wind clever at? Ans: 1. It has torn their pages. 2. It has brought rain again. 3. It is clever at poking fin at weaklings. 8

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully. (Discursive passage played an important role in bringing education – opinionated) to rural areas. Educational television One of the important changes in education programmes that do not require the learners in the last century is the effort that many to be able to read or write are broadcast countries and communities are making to using satellite transmission. The programmes educate adults and other learners who did are about how to have better health, how not get the education they wanted or needed to improve farming, and how to make small when they were in school, or who did not have business work better. Adults in rural areas the opportunity to go to school at all. watch these programmes and discuss them Governments are starting programmes to with an educational advisor who travels from teach adults how to read and write, how to town to town. do their jobs better, how to farm, and how Adults have some advantages in education, to be healthier and take care of the health of however adult learners often know what their families. Programmes are also being knowledge will be useful to them and what started to help adults finish high school. Adult will not. If they cannot read or write, they education programmes are under way in will experience the problems that illiteracy Europe, Asia, Africa and in South and North can cause. If they cannot do their jobs well, America. they will experience loss of income or job The basic belief behind adult education opportunities that lack of vocational training programmes is that a country will be can cause. Adults have usually accumulated economically and politically stronger if its a wealth of experience of life in general that people are able to read, write and do useful can help them in learning. They have more work. Germany worries about Germans who practical, everyday experience that can help cannot read or write and cannot understand them understand what they learn in school. the news or participate in political life. These people will not be represented in the Answer the following questions. government. In the United States of America, it a. What was the major change noticed in the was recently estimated that almost 20% of the field of education in the last century? adults have some difficulty in reading and the b. What has been the main focus of the cost of this lack of education is as much as 225 government programmes? billion dollars. c. What is the basic thought behind adult Brazil worries about farmers who do not know education programmes? enough about modern farming techniques to d. On whom does the government of Brazil use technology effectively. Without the help of focus and why? these farmers, Brazil’s agricultural income will e. Mention any two problems that adult be low. education faces. Adult education faces many obstacles, f. What role has television played in bringing however, adults are not accustomed to adult education to the rural areas? returning to school and sitting for long hours g. What has helped the adults in their learning listening to teachers and reading books. process? Also, many adults are ashamed to go back to h. Find a word from the passage which means school. They often think that will appear to be the same as ‘to be used to something’ unintelligent or that they will fall. Adults often [para 5] have little time for education. They have jobs Ans: and families and cannot take four or six or I. Comprehension eight or more hours every day to go to school. a. The effort many countries and communities Due to all these problems, adults often cannot were making to educate adults who did not go to school, so the school must go to the get education at the right time or did not adults. have the opportunity to go to school. Education can be taken to adults in different b. To teach adults how to read and write, how ways. In India, for example, television has to do their jobs better, how to farm, and how to be healthier and take care of the health of 9

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) their families c. The basic belief behind adult education programmes is that a country will be eco- nomically and politically stronger if its peo- ple are able to read, write and do useful work. d. Brazil worries about farmers who do not know enough about modern farming tech- niques to use technology effectively be- cause without the help of these farmers Brazil’s agricultural income would be low. e. Adults are not accustomed to returning to school and sitting for long hours listening to teachers and reading books. Many adults are ashamed to go back to school. They often think that will appear to be unin- telligent or that they will fail. Adults often have little time for education. They have jobs and families and cannot take four or six or eight or more hours every day to go to school. [any two] f. television has played an important role in bringing education to rural areas. g. Adults have usually accumulated a wealth of experience of life in general that can help them in learning. They have more practical, everyday experience that can help them understand what they learn in school. h. accustomed II. You are Lakshay/Lakshmi. You have been selected to participate in the student exchange programme to be held in Germany later this year. Write a diary in about 100- 150 words expressing your feelings on being selected for the programme. II. Diary Entry Format - 01 Content – 04 Structure/Fluency – 03 Announcement for the programme made – excit- ed – selection procedure – selected for the pro- gramme – one amongst the ten selected – always dreamt of going abroad and meeting students from other countries – dream come true – feeling motivated and confident – always wanted to do something different – opportunity to explore and show your talent – thankful to parents and teach- ers 10

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 5. Read the conversation given below and complete the passage. 1. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each line. Edit the given paragraph. Beryl: Are you leaving now? Bianca: Yes, I’m planning to shop at the Instore. More and most people are [a] Beryl: Can you drop me at Curzon street? changing careers, no matter when [b] Bianca: Sorry, I’m already late. their age is. Some feels trapped [c] Beryl asked Bianca [a] __________. Bianca replied at the wrong jobs; some want [d] that [b] __________ Instore. Beryl wanted to better prospects; other just want to [e] know [c] __________ Curzon street. Bianca [d] break in and do something [f] _________ and said that [e] __________. new. Aiding them was resurgent India [g] that is provides them ample opportunities. [h] Ans: 2. In the following passage one word has been 1. Editing Incorrect word Correct word omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. Serial number most more when what Sophie’s face faded into grey winter light [a] a feels feel of the sitting room. She dozed the armchair [b] b at in that Joe had brought for her their 40th [c] c other others anniversary. The room was warm quiet. [d] d in off Outside it snowing lightly. At quarter [e] e was Is past one mailman turned around [f] f the corner Alleer Street. He was late [g] g provides providing not because of the snow it was Valentine’s Day.[h] h 3. Rearrange the jumbled sentences to form 2. Omission meaningful sentences. a. contains/coconut/water/fruit/the/it/inside/ Serial Before Missing After word kernel/and number word word b. fibrous covering/its/in a/outer/is/hard shell/ the grey enclosed a into the c. tender coconut/the/highly/the water/in/ in their nutritious/is b dozed on quiet d. the heat/it helps/to/of/body/the/keep down and Snowing c her was Mailman the Alleer 4. Choose the appropriate words and fill in the d warm into it blanks. but When wet waste is mixed [a] _____ [in/on/ e it into/with] dry waste, it is called garbage. For zero garbage, the two [b] _____ [could/would/ f one should/shall] be kept separate. Dry waste can be recycled. Wet waste can be [c] _____ [make/ g corner turned/mixed/stirred] into compost and used [d] _____ [from/into/for/in] gardening in place h snow of fertilizer. To make compost [e] _____ [in/on/ at/from] home, you need a bin. Keep it at the [f] 3. Jumbled words _____ [waste/wasting/waist/wasted] level. Fill a. The coconut fruit contains water and kernel in- the bin with your wet waste-vegetable peelings, side it. fruit waste, tea bags and plant [g] _____ [prunes/ b. Its outer hard shell is enclosed in a fibrous cover- pruning/pruned/prune]. You can add [h] _____ ing. [offers/offerings/offered/will offer] made at c. The water in the tender coconut is highly nutri- temples, such as fruits and flowers, which tious. commonly end up polluting water. d. It helps to keep down the heat of the body. 11

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 4. Fill in the blanks. a. with b. should c. turned d. for e. at f. waist g. pruning h. offerings 5. Complete the paragraph. a. If/whether she was leaving then b. she was planning to shop at the c. if/whether she could drop him at d. apologised e. she was already late 12

3.1 The Little Girl Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: But the same old nightmare came — the butcher with a knife and a rope, who came nearer and nearer, smiling that dreadful smile, while she could not move, could only stand still, crying out, “Grandma! Grandma!” She woke shivering to see father beside her bed, a candle in his hand. “What’s the matter?” he said. “Oh, a butcher — a knife — I want Grannie.” He blew out the candle, bent down and caught up the child in his arms, carrying her along the passage to the big bedroom. A newspaper was on the bed — a half-smoked cigar was near his reading lamp. He put away the paper, threw the cigar into the fireplace, then carefully tucked up the child. He lay down beside her. Half asleep still, still with the butcher’s smile all about her, it seemed. She crept close to him, snuggled her head under his arm, held tightly to his shirt. 1. What was Kezia’s nightmare? 2. How often did Kezia have the nightmare? 3. What did Kezia’s father do when she had the nightmare? 4. Was Kezia’s father indifferent towards her or did he love her? Ans: 1. A smiling butcher with a knife and a rope came towards Kezia in her nightmare. 2. She had it often 3. He took her to his own bed. 4. Kezia’s father loved her very dearly. Extract 2: To the little girl he was a figure to be feared and avoided. Every morning before going to work he came into her room and gave her a casual kiss, to which she responded with “Goodbye, Father”. And oh, the glad sense of relief when she heard the noise of the carriage growing fainter and fainter down the long road! In the evening when he came home, she stood near the staircase and heard his loud voice in the hall. “Bring my tea into the drawing room. Hasn’t the paper come yet? Mother, go and see if my paper’s out there and bring me my slippers.” “Kezia,” mother would call to her, “if you’re a good girl you can come down and take off father’s boots.” Slowly the girl would slip down the stairs, more slowly still, across the hall, and push open the drawing- room door. By that time, he had his spectacles on and looked at her over them in a way that was terrifying to the little girl. 1. How did the girl feel when her father went to work each day? 2. How did the girl respond when the father kissed her? 3. Where did she stand when her father came home in the evening? 4. What did the father ask for after coming from office? Ans: 1. She felt relieved and happy. 2. The girl responded by saying, “Goodbye, Father°. 3. She stood near the staircase. 4. The father asked for tea, paper and slippers after coming from office. 13

3.2 Rain On The Roof Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Now in memory comes my mother, As she used in years agone, To regard the darling dreamers Ere she left them till the dawn O! I felt her fond look on me As I list to this refrain Which is played upon the shingles By the patter of the rain. 1. Where is the poet? Is he sitting or lying? 2. Whose memory comes to him? 3. Do you think the poet’s mother is still alive? 4. What is the picture of the mother that comes to the poet’s mind? 5. How can you say the mother loved her children? 6. How does the poet feel when he has the memory of his mother? 7. What is the poet listening to? 8. How does the poet describe the falling of rain? Ans: 1. He is lying comfortably in his bed in his room. 2. It is his mother’s memory 3. No, she must have died. That is why the poet has recollections of her. 4. It is the picture as she used to be in the bygone years. 5. She used to look at them fondly and leave than staying in their bed till dawn. 6. He feels as if his mother is still looking fondly at him. 7. He is listening to the patter of rain on the roof shingles. 8. He calls it a refrain being played on the shingles by the patter of the rain. 14

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the passage carefully. (Discursive passage is both true and unexpected. - opinionated) My devotion to reading has never made me The habit of reading is one of the greatest resources of mankind, and we enjoy reading a recluse. How could it be? Books are of books that belong to us much more than if the people, by the people, for the people. they are borrowed. A borrowed book is like Literature is the immortal part of history; a guest in the house; it must be treated with it is the best and most enduring part of punctiliousness, with a certain considerate personality. But book-friends have this formality. You must see that it sustains no advantage over living friends; you can enjoy damage; it must not suffer while under your the most truly aristocratic society in the roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot world whenever you want it. The great dead mark it, you cannot turn down the pages, you are beyond our physical reach, and the great cannot use it familiarly. And then, someday, living is usually almost the inaccessible; as for although this is seldom done, you really ought our personal friends and acquaintances, we to return it. cannot always see them. Perchance they are But your own books belong to you; you treat asleep, or away on a journey. But in a private them with that affectionate intimacy that library, you can at any moment converse with annihilates formality. Books are for use, not Socrates or Shakespeare or Carlyle or Dumas for show; you should own no book that you or Dickens or Shaw or Barrie or Galsworthy. are afraid to mark up, or afraid to place on the A. Answer the following questions. table, wide open and face down. A good reason i. How should one take care of a borrowed for marking favourite passages in books is that book? this practice enables you to remember more ii. Explain the statement ‘it’s like visiting forest easily the significant sayings, to refer to them where you once blazed a trail’. quickly, and then in later years, it is like visiting iii. Why have books been called the best of a forest where you once blazed a trail. You have mural decorations? the pleasure of going over the old ground, and iv. ‘Reading never makes a person recluse’ recalling both the intellectual scenery and your Justify. own earlier self. B. Complete the statements. Everyone should begin collecting a private i. We enjoy reading books __________________ library in youth; the instinct of private ________________. property, which is fundamental in human ii. When bookworms say that they have read beings, can here be cultivated with every some books from their collection twice, the advantage. One should have one’s own statement is _________________________. bookshelves, which should not have doors, C. Find words from the passage which mean the glass windows, or keys; they should be free same as: and accessible to the hand as well as to a. root out [para 2] the eye. The best of mural decorations are b. a person whom one knows slightly [para 4] books; they are more varied in ‘colour and appearance’ than any wallpaper, they are 15 more attractive in design, and they have the prime advantage of being separate personalities so that if you sit alone in the room in the firelight, you are surrounded with intimate friends. The knowledge that they are there in plain view is both stimulating and refreshing. You do not have to read them all. Most of my indoor life is spent in a room containing six thousand books, and I have a stock answer to the invariable question that comes from strangers. “Have you read all of these books? “Some of them twice”. This reply

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) II. Using the notes given below, write a short not be used familiarly. paragraph on ‘Kashmir – The Paradise of India’, in ii. Going over old things: recalling the sayings; about 100 – 120 words. referring to things quickly and recalling a. • Lies in north India one’s own earlier self. b. • Surrounded by mountains, snow covered iii. They are more varied in colour and appear- ance; they are more attractive in design, peaks, and they have the prime advantage of being c. beautiful lakes and gardens separate personalities; the sheer presence d. • Cold weather of books is stimulating and refreshing. e. • Visited by tourists throughout the year iv. Books are of the people, by the people, for f. • Dal lake – famous – houseboats the people. With books one can enjoy the g. • Wicker work, Kashmiri embroidery, walnut company of the most truly aristocratic so- ciety in the world whenever one wants. The work – great dead are beyond our physical reach, h. chief handicrafts of the people and the great living are usually almost the i. • People – helpful, enjoy delicious food inaccessible. In a private library, one can j. • Kashmir – heaven created by God on earth. have the greatest personalities of one’s choice around at any point of time. Ans: B. Complete the statements I. Comprehension i. …….that belongs to us much more than if A. Answer for the questions. they are borrowed. i. It must be treated with punctiliousness, with a ii. ……. Both true and unexpected. certain considerate formality: it should sustain C. Vocabulary no damage; it must not suffer while under the i. annihilate roof: cannot be left carelessly or marked on: the ii. acquaintance pages should not be turned down and it should II. Description Clues are mentioned in the question itself. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: take whatever stream you like but excel in the chosen path. 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given in the brackets. 3. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each Once Martin Luther King [a] _____ [address] line. Edit the given paragraph. public meeting. Suddenly someone [b] _____ [throw] a shoe at him. But King [c] _____ We can balancing the summer heat [a] [not lose] his cool. He [d] _____ [pick] up the by consuming food items who have a [b] shoe and told the gathering that some kind cooling effect on your body. We should take [c] gentleman, knowing that he could not afford care of our nutritious in peak summer. [d] shoes [e] _____ [throw] one for him. He [f] _____ [request] the gentleman to throw him 4. In the following passage one word has been the other one too. omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. 2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals. There was once a boy who would never [a] On the Annual Day, the Director delivered a devote any attention his studies. [b] lecture, “Good evening children, you all [a] His parents sent to school, [c] _____ be the future policy makers, hence you but he took playing on the road [d] [b] _____ obey your teachers. You [c] _____ and did not care the opinion [e] always try to win over the confidence of your of even those friends helped him [f] superiors. You must not leave any stone in danger. In end he found himself [g] unturned and you [d] _____ not worry about all alone and a job. He had no option [h] the result. Take a pledge that you [e] _____ but to get himself employed a servant. obey and respect your elders. You [f] _____ 16

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaningful sentences. a. are/nature/of/gift/a/great/humanity/trees/to b. become/has/cities/in/big/a /quite/driving/job/ tough c. every/hours/four/fast/the/liquids/take/during d. routine/your/tension/changing/reduce/helps Ans: 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms. a. was addressing b. threw c. did not lose d. picked e. had thrown f. requested 2. Fill in the blanks with modals a. will b. have to/should c. should d. need e. will f. may 3. Editing a. balancing – balance b. who – that/which c. your – our d. nutritious - nutrition 4. Omission a. attention to his b. sent him to c. took to playing d. care about the e. friends who helped f. In the end g. and without a h. employed as a 5. Jumbled words a. Trees are a great gift of nature to humanity. b. Driving has become quite a tough job in big cit- ies. c. Take liquids every four hours, during the fast. d. Changing your routine helps reduce tension. 17

4.1 A Truly Beautiful Mind Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: At the urging of a colleague, Einstein wrote a letter to the American President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on August 2, 1939, in which he warned : ‘A single bomb of this type ... exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory? His words did not fail to have an effect. The Americans developed the atomic bomb in a secret project of their own and dropped it on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. 1. Who was Roosevelt? 2. What did a colleague urge Einstein to do? 3. When did Einstein write a letter to Roosevelt? 4. What did he convey in his letter? 5. Did Einstein’s letter have any effect? 6. What did the Americans do in secrecy? 7. Where did the Americans drop their atom bomb? 8. Find in the passage a word which means inn area of land. Ans: 1. He was the President of America. 2. He urged Einstein to write a letter to the American President 3. He wrote this letter on 2 August, 1939. 4. He cautioned the American President about how destructive an atom bomb could be. 5. Yes, it had an immediate effect. 6. They developed the atomic bomb. 7. They dropped it on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 8. territory Extract 2: But Albert Einstein was not a bad pupil. He went to a high school in Munich, where Einstein’s family had moved when he was 15 months old and scored good marks in almost every subject. Einstein hated the school’s regimentation, and often clashed with his teachers. At the age of 15, Einstein felt so stifled there that he left the school for good. 1. Was Albert a bad pupil? Why or why not? 2. Where was Albert sent for school education? 3. How was his performance? 4. What did Albert hate about his school? 5. Who did he often clash with? 6. What did he do when he was fifteen? 7. Why did he leave the school in Munich? 8. What does the word regimentation mean? 18

4.1 A Truly Beautiful Mind Ans: 1. He was not a bad pupil because he scored good marks in almost every subject. 2. He was sent to a high school in Munich. 3. He scored well in almost every subject. 4. He hated the school’s regimentation. 5. He often clashed with his teachers. 6. He left his school in Munich for good. 7. He did not like the school’s regimentation. 8. Extremely strict discipline 4.2 The Lake Isle of Innisfree Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow, Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings; There midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow And evenings frill of the linnet’s wings. 1. What place is the poet referring to? 2. What does he hope to get there? 3. What will he hear in the morning? 4. What is meant by ‘veils of the morning’? 5. What glimmer will there be at midnight? 6. How will he enjoy his evenings? Ans: I. He is referring to the lake isle of Innisfree. 2. He hopes to get peace there. 3. It will be the song of the cricket. 4. It means the twilight of dawn. 5. It will be the glimmer of stars. 6. He will hear the music of linnets flying all around in the sky. 19

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the following passage carefully. (Factual after summer vacations, I heard Miss Jean had passage) got married and was going to Australia. I felt stupid, being made to stand on the desk Many years went by. I graduated in while the other kids were bent over their engineering, then in management, got a job, notebooks. I couldn’t understand my new married and had kids. One day I found myself school or my new classmates, or their alien thinking of Miss Jean. Soon afterwards I found language – English- and the fact that they myself in Sydney, Australia, on an official trip. could do sums in their head, while I struggled I tried looking up my teacher in the phone with a paper and pencil. For me, at age six, the book. But it was of no help as I did not know good times had ended. Life seemed a far cry even her surname. I will always remember from those days in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, her for the tact and patience with which she all thanks to my grandfather’s reflected glory. taught me. He was a military doctor, a great man, and A. Answer the following questions. I lived with him. Even the policemen gave i. When did the good times end for the author me affectionate salaams, which I learned to and why? acknowledge with a nod. I’d simply lay my ii. Why does the author call himself a pampered head down on the desk and sleep in class, if little prince? bored. I was a pampered little prince. iii. How did Ms.Jean handle the author in his In early 1971, my parents decided it was time new school? I moved to Bombay where my father worked. iv. Which was the moment the author cherished My first few days were a disaster. No one spoke the most with Ms. Jean? Tamil or Telegu, the only languages I knew. I couldn’t keep pace with their writing or B. Find words from the passage which mean the reading. Then one day a slight plump lady with same as: large spectacles, wearing trousers walked into i. unknown [para 1] the classroom. “Hello,” she said, “My name ii. called [para 2] is Miss Jean. I am your new class teacher.” She’d done her homework. Spotting me in a C. Find words from the passage which mean the back corner, she beckoned me to the front. My opposite of the given words: almost empty notebooks must have given Miss i. deteriorate [para 3] Jean a clue that I needed the extra attention. ii. ignore [para 1] If the class had to write a page, I’d be made to write two. Even during PT, I had to stay back II. It is a known fact that animals are being and write. When I was caught sneaking to exploited for the selfish greed of humans. As the window to watch the others playing, Miss a conscious citizen who realizes the need for Jean put me in the middle row, far from the harmony with nature, write an article using the window. following inputs along with your own ideas on I made some progress and Miss Jean made ‘Kindness to Animals’. it a point to praise every little achievement. If I did my work wrong, she’d call me to her animals – an important part of the ecosystem desk, hug me and show me how to correct habitat encroached by man my errors. Mistakes were only human in her animals exploited for cosmetics, entertainment and fun eyes, but neglecting homework was a crime- take care of animals – show love there’d be a terse comment in my diary for a torturing or hunting animals – an offence mother to see. And I would be grounded that adopt animals evening. Meanwhile I was getting possessive follow the policy of ‘live and let live’ and did not like if another child got more hugs. By Christmas, I stood fifth in class. “I am very proud of Srikant,” she told the class after reading out the marks. I related that moment to mother again and again. When I returned 20

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Ans: him in the middle row to avoid distraction- I. Comprehension iv. When the author stood fifth in the class, the A. Ans: teacher announced in the class that she was i. Age of six, when he entered the new school; very proud of him. This moment he cherished made to stand on the desk, couldn’t under- the most all his life- stand his school, classmates or their lan- guage – English, struggled with a paper and B. Synonyms pen while the other did the calculations men- i. alien tally- ii. beckon ii. Life – luxury for the author due to his grand- C. Antonyms father’s glory. Even the policemen gave ac- i. progress knowledged him and gave him affectionate ii. acknowledge salaams. At school he would simply put his head on the desk and sleep if bored. He was II. Article writing truly pampered- Clues have been provided along with the question itself. iii. Ms. Jean made him sit in front. If the class had Marking scheme to write a page, he’d be made to write two. Title - Even during PT, he had to stay back and write. Content – When he was caught sneaking to the window Structure/fluency – to watch the others playing, Miss Jean put PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. Read the following passage and fill in the “The Sheriff [d] _____ [look] for a chance to blanks with the most suitable word. catch me. The poor man [e] _____ [wait] for African elephants [a] _____ slightly bigger in a long time. I [f] _____ [go] to the town and size and dark [b] _____ colour than the Asian give him an opportunity to meet me.” So he [g] elephants. They [c] _____ more prominent _____ [start] for the town. On the way he saw a ears also. Being herbivorous, they depend [d] butcher who [h] ____ [take] some meat to sell _____ plants in the forest [e] _____ fulfill their at the town market. food demand. It is an intelligent animal and [f] 4. Below you can see a set of instructions _____ be trained easily. for making cottage cheese. Complete the paragraph which describes how cottage cheese 2. There is an error in each line in the given is made. paragraph. Find the error and write the correct Take one litre of milk and juice of a lemon. word. Pour the milk into a pan and bring it slowly to boil. While stirring milk continuously, add lemon juice. From time to time an school principal [a] Continue to stir gently till the milk gets curdled. would get complements that the children [b] Set it aside to cool. are becoming rowdier day by day. [c] When it gets cool, strain the curdled milk through a sieve He speak to the teachers [d] of muslin. to unsolved the problem. All of them [e] Squeeze out the liquid whey, press the cheese under a flat volunteered to cooperate from him. [f] weight. Alone the principal should have had [g] a tough time for tackle the issue. [h] 21 3. Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Robin Hood helped the poor. He [a] _____ [come] to know what the Sheriff [b] _____ [say] about him. He [c] _____ [take] this as a challenge. He smiled and told his followers,

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) One litre of milk and the juice of one lemon [a] b. complements – complaints __________. The milk [b] __________ into a c. are – were pan and slowly brought to boil. [c] __________ d. speak - spoke while it is being stirred continuously. Stirring is e. unsolved – resolve continued till the milk gets curdled and then [d] f. from – with _________ . When the curdled milk gets cool, g. should – could [e] __________ of muslin. Then the liquid whey h. for – to [f] _______ and [g] __________ weight. After an 3. Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of hour it is cut into desirable pieces and it is ready the verbs. to use. a. came b. was saying 5. In the given passage one word has been omitted c. took in each line. Supply the missing word. d. is looking e. has been waiting Birbal summoned the servants gave [a] f. will go them wooden stick each. He told [b] g. started them keep it with them for the [c] h. was taking night and return it to in the [d] 4. Complete the paragraph morning. The sticks, he said, magical [e] a. are taken and would increase their length three inches. [f] b. is poured c. Lemon juice is added Ans: d. it is set aside to cool 1. Fill in the blanks e. it strained through a sieve f. is squeezed and a. are g. pressed under a flat b. in c. have 5. Omission d. on a. servants and gave e. to b. them a wooden f. can c. them to keep d. to him in 2. Editing e. said, were magical a. a – the f. length by three 22

5.1 The Snake And The Mirror Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: I took a close look at my face in the mirror. I made an important decision. I would shave daily and grow a thin moustache to look more handsome. I was after all a bachelor, and a doctor! I looked into the mirror and smiled. It was an attractive smile. I made another earth-shaking decision. I would always keep that attractive smile on my face .... to look more handsome. I was after all a bachelor, and a doctor too on top of it! 1. Who does ‘I’ in the passage refer to? 2. What did he look at in the mirror? 3. Was the narrator married? 4. What was his profession? 5. What was the first important decision he made? 6. How did he feel about his smile? 7. What did he decide to do to look more handsome? 8. Why do you think he wanted to look handsome? 9. Which word or phrase in the passage means of ‘great importance’? Ans: I. ‘It’ refers to the narrator who was a doctor. 2. He looked at his face. 3. No, he was a bachelor. 4. He was a doctor. 5. He decided to shave daily and grow a thin moustache. 6. He thought it was an attractive smile. 7. He decided to keep a smile on his face always. 8. He wanted to look handsome so that he could have a good wife. 9. earth-shaking = of great importance. Extract 2: I took off my black coat, white shirt and not-so-white vest and hung them up. I opened the two windows in the room. It was an outer room with one wall facing the open yard. It had a tiled roof with long supporting gables that rested on the beam over the wall. There was no ceiling. There was a regular traffic of rats to and from the beam. I made my bed and pulled it closer to the wall. I lay down but I could not sleep. I got up and went out to the veranda for a little air, but the Wind God seemed to have taken time off. 1. What clothes did the narrator take off? 2. What did he do with the clothes that he had taken off? 3. How does he describe his vest? 4. How many windows were there in the room? 23

5.1 The Snake And The Mirror 5. What kind of roof did the room have? 6. How were the gables supported? 7. What ‘regular’ traffic does the narrator talk of? 8. Where did he put his bed? 9. Why do you think he could not sleep? 10. Why did he go out to the veranda? 11. Was it airy outside? Ans: I. He took off his coat, his shirt and vest. 2. He hung them up. 3. He says that it was not very white. 4. It had two windows. 5. It was a tiled roof with long gables. 6. A beam supported the gables. 7. It was the continuous movement of rats over the beam. 8. He put it dose to the wall. 9. It was very close and hot. 10. He went out for some air. 11. No, it was close outside also. 24

5.2 A Legend Of The Northland Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Then up she went through the chimney, Never speaking a worth And out of the top flew a woodpecker, For she was changed to a bird. She had a scarlet cap on her head, And that was left the same: But all the rest of her clothes were burned Black as a coal in the flame. 1. Who does ‘she’ here refer to? 2. Could she say anything? 3. Where did she go? 4. What happened to her? 5. What did she have on her head? 6. Describe her clothes. Ans: I. The word `she’ refits to the selfish woman who did not give Saint Peter any cake to eat. 2. No, she could not say anything. 3. She went up through the chimney. 4. She was changed into a woodpecker. 5. A scarlet cap. 6. They were burned black as coal. 25

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the following passage carefully. offences under the child marriage restrained (Discursive) Act should be made cognizable and special Child marriages are rampant in North India. officers be appointed to enforce the law. The The curse continues to blight the lives of Government, however, did not pay heed to it people even as the country stands at the while raising the minimum age of marriage. At threshold of the 21st century. Children bound the same time, there is no follproof system of by marriage are victims of blind customs and registering births and thus, there is no legally superstitions prevalent in rural areas and in enforceable method for establishing the age of certain urban concentrations as well among a male or a female. the weaker socio-economic groups. Nothing Answer the following questions. seems to stop this anti-social practice despite a. What are the reasons for child marriages in the Child Marriage Act passed as early as in India? 1929, which makes child marriage a grave b. Under what circumstances can child offence. marriages not take place? Why do child marriages take place at all and c. What is the significance of ‘Akhha Teeja’? what could be done to wean the people off d. How can the provisions in the legislation be from the practice? The evil thrives because of rigorously practiced? illiteracy and other related causes – the most e. In which social groups are child marriages important of which is the anxiety of parents to rampant? marry off their daughters as early as possible. f. Why is it not possible to establish the age of a In many states where illiteracy is high like in child? Rajasthan, the practice of child marriage is in g. Which word in the first paragraph means vogue. ‘Akhha Teeja’ is the D-day for parents of ‘widespread’? the minor girls, for on that day, they seek their h. Which phrase in the second paragraph is the salvation from the anxiety of girls growing up opposite of ‘stick to’? in their midst. II. Given below are a few details of Mr. Rajshekhar, A child marriage is less likely to take place if your school librarian. Briefly describe the parents are literate or at least, the father Mr. Rajshekhar using the information given is. He is then aware of the legal minimum age below. and health hazards his daughter will face by Age – 35 years an early marriage. If the mother, otherwise Height/weight – 170 cm/70kg, plump, pleasant looking literate, has been exposed to family planning Education – MA [English] Delhi University, B.Lib Sc – message, she is also less likely to solemnize IGNOU her daughter’s wedding at an age below the Experience – 10 years legal minimum. Duties – purchasing books, displaying new arrivals, Among other factors causing parents to maintaining cleanliness of the library, issuing books, give away young daughters in marriage is advising students about the different books to read, the need felt by families having more than holding book exhibitions one daughter, to keep wedding expenses Character traits – kind and helpful, a good guide, well- down. By marrying two daughters at the informed, soft spoken and friendly same time parents save on the expenses. Parental anxiety about grown up [14 years and Ans: above] daughters going astray forces the less I. Comprehension educated to give away daughters in marriage. The present law was amended in 1978 raising a. Customs and traditions prevalent in rural the minimum age of marriage for girls from 15 India are the reasons for child marriages in to 18 years and for boys from 18 to 21 years. India. The committee on the status of women in its report in 1974 had recommended that all b. If illiteracy and poverty can be done away with, child marriages will not take place. c. ‘Akhha Teeja’ is considered to be the most 26

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) II. Description of a person Clues have been provided along with the question auspicious day for child marriage. itself. d. The provisions in the legislation can be rigor- Marking scheme Title - ously practiced if the parents are aware of them Content – which can happen only when they are educated. Structure/fluency – e. In social groups where illiteracy is high, child marriages are rampant. f. There is no foolproof system of registering births which makes it difficult to establish the age of the child. g. Rampant h. Wean off PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. Complete the passage given below choosing the 3. In the given passage one word has been omitted correct alternatives. in each line. Supply the missing word. On 20th May 1818, the British explorer sir Stamford raffles, reported the [a] _____ [find/ All animals need to protect themselves. finds/finding/found] of a giant flower [b] Some have clear ways of escaping their [a} _____ [at/on/by/in] Sumatra. It was named enemies. Rafflesia [c] _____ [on/for/after/by] him. Many animals are fierce that they are hardly[b] Measuring almost a metre across and [d] ____ ever attacked. But there many peaceful [weighed/weighs/ weighing/weight] up tp creatures[c] eleven kilograms, the Rafflesia is [e] _____ [a/ which need armour protect themselves. [d] an/these/the] world’s largest flower. It is also Pangolins, for example, ‘jointed armour’. [e] called the ‘Stinking Lily’ [f] _____ [because/ They move quite easily and when [f] as/since/for] of the unpleasant smell it emits. they are in danger, they can roll up a ball. [g] Those people [g] _____ [whose/whom/which/ It is very difficult to unroll a pangolin in who] have been fortunate to see it, inform that position[h] they were overcome [h] _____ [with/by/from/ as the scales have very sharp edges. for] its beauty. 4. Complete the following news reports 2. There is an error in each line in the given accompanying the given headlines. paragraph. Find the error and write the correct a. BAN ON SMOKING word. Smoking ____________________ in all public places. Scientific research, generated to determine b. 12 INJURED AS TWO BUSES COLLIDE the specific benefits of ‘Touch Therapy’ About ____________________ at the CPD by a University of Miami school of [a] junction here today. Medicine, proves the touch has a direct [b] c. DRIVE AGAINST LIQUOR MAFIA LAUNCHED co-relation on a baby’s immune system. [c] The police ____________________ Touch helps to suppressing stress hormone [d] engaged in smuggling of liquor to the state. called catacholamines where in turn [e] d. CHINA DEVELOPS MEDICAL ROBOT produce adrenal hormones and natural A polytechnic university in China protective cells, that helped the baby cope [f] ____________________ that can conduct with[f] surgeries. disease. It also helps your baby to fight infections to [g] improves your baby’s circulation. Touch the baby to show him that they love him. [h] 27

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaningful sentences. 5. Rearrange the jumbled words to form a. A diving advertisement prompted a four- meaningful sentences. year-old to dive to his death. a. a four year old/a diving/to his death/to dive/ b. In Africa and America advertising aiming at advertisement/prompted children below 12 years of age is not permit- b. advertisement aiming/in Africa/below 12 ted. years/and/America/is not/permitted/at c. Doordarshan’s code bans advertisements children/of age that endanger the safety of children. c. of children/code/doordarshan’s/that d. Dangerous stunts must carry a warning ad- endanger/advertisements/bans/the safety vising watchers not to copy them. d. stunts/them/carry/to copy/a warning/not dangerous/watchers/must/advertising Ans: 1. Fill in the blanks a. finding b. in c. after d. weighing e. the f. because g. who h. by 2. Editing a. a – the b. the - that c. on - with d. To - in e. where - which f. helped - help g. to - and h. they – you 3. Omission a. escaping from their b. are so fierce c. there are many d. armour to protect e. example, have jointed f. They can move g. up into a h. in this position 4. Complete the news report a. has been banned b. 12 were injured as two buses collided c. have launched a drive against the mafia that is d. has developed a medical robot 28

6.1 My Childhood Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: One day, he invited me to his home for a meal. His wife was horrified at the idea of a Muslim boy being invited to dine in her ritually pure kitchen. She refused to serve me in her kitchen. Sivasubramania lyer was not perturbed, nor did he get angry with his wife, but instead, served me with his own hands and sat down beside me to eat his meal. His wife watched us from behind the kitchen door. 1. Who does ‘he’ in the passage refer to? 2. Who was the Muslim boy? 3. Who had invited the Muslim boy? 4. Who refused to serve the Muslim boy? 5. Who was Sivasubramania lyer? 6. Did he get angry with his wife? 7. Who served the Muslim boy his meal? 8. What did the wife do while her husband and the Muslim boy were having their meal? 9. Which word in the passage means ‘worried’ or ‘disturbed’? Ans: 1. The word ‘he’ refers to Kalam’s science teacher. 2. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. 3. Kalam’s science teacher, Sivasubramania lyer. 4. Sivasubramania’s wife. 5. He was Kalam’s Science teacher. 6. No, he didn’t get angry with his wile. 7. Kalam’s Science teacher. 8. She watched them from behind the kitchen door. 9. perturbed Extract 2: I was one of many children — a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. We lived in our ancestral house, which was built in the middle of the 19th century. It was a fairly large pucca house, made of limestone and brick, on the Mosque Street in Rameswaram. My austere father used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for, in terms of food, medicine or clothes. In fact, I would say mine was a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally. I. Was the writer the only child of his parents? 2. How did the writer say describe physical looks as a child? 3. What does the writer say about the physical looks of his parents? 29

6.1 My Childhood 4. Where was the writer’s house situated? 5. Describe the writer’s house. 6. What does the writer say about his father? 7. How can you say that the writer’s father was an austere person? 8. How was the writer’s childhood? 9. Find in the passage a word that means ‘unnecessary’ Ans: I. No, there were other children also. 2. He says he had undistinguished looks. 3. He said his parents were tall and handsome. 4. On the Mosque Street in Rameswaram. 5. It was a large house. It was made of limestone and brick. It was built in the middle of the 19th century. 6. He said his father was an austere person. But he provided all the necessities for his children. 7. He used to avoid all inessential comforts and luxuries. 8. He had a very secure childhood both materially and emotionally. 9. inessential, unnecessary 30

6.2 No Men Are Foreign Extract 1: Let us remember, whenever we are told To hate our brothers, it is ourselves That we shall dispossess, betrays condemn. Remember, we who take arms against each other, It is the human earth that we defile, Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence Of air that is everywhere our own. Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange. 1. Who have been called ‘our brothers’? 2. Who and why should we not hate? 3. What shall happen if we take up arms against each other? 4. What is meant by the following? (a) hells of fire and dust (b) the innocence of air. 5. What is there everywhere and is our own? 6. What message does the poet want to convey in these lines? Ans: I. All men of the world have been called our brothers. 2. We should not hate others because they are all our brothers. 3. We shall defile this earth of ours. 4. (a) By ‘hells of fire and dust’ is meant the wars that cause a lot of destruction. (b) By ‘the innocence of air’ is meant ‘the pure and fresh air’ that we get to breathe. 5. The pure and fresh air is everywhere and is our own. 6. The poet means to say that all men of the world are our brothers. No men are foreign and no countries are strange. 31

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the following passage carefully. [factual] all the animals call – the cuckoo sings to find Strange are the ways of the animal world. its mate, doves coo, male crickets chirp to Animal languages don’t have names and we warn about the rival males and predators. can’t tell what they are saying, but we do Mammals in the ocean, like whales and know that dolphins whistle, hyenas laugh, dolphins, ‘speak’ at ultrasonic frequencies wolves howl, lions roar, elephants trumpet, to communicate over long distances, since birds whistle, tweet and chirp, frogs croak - to visibility is poor in water. send messages across. They use a dictionary of non-verbal means. Answer the following questions. COLOUR – The male koel has a shiny coat, the a. What do you understand by concealed peacock is a vision when it spreads its wings. colouration. Give two examples. Leaf insects sit on the green leaves, stick insects b. Why should elephants not be kept alone? look like dry sticks. Brightly coloured butterflies c. How do birds communicate while flying? are poisonous. Big cats merge beautifully with d. How do mammals relay communication? the tall, dry grass. The fennec fox that lives in deserts has a coat in the colour of sand. Using Complete the statements. the colour of the background to hide is called a. Animals use a __________________________ ‘concealing colouration’. __________ to communicate. TOUCH – Chimpanzees greet each other b. Pheronomes are ________________________ by holding hands, monkeys groom each ________________________. other by picking off dead skin. Pets and domestic animals lick to show affection. Find words from the passage which mean the But elephants would be the best examples same as those given below: for communicating through touch. They deliberately touch one another with their a. hiding [para 2] - trunk, tusks, feet, tail and sometimes through b. bifurcated [para 4] – their entire body – to play, explore, protect and fight. Elephants greet each other with a II. Your grandparents celebrated their 50th raised trunk, push a calf to join the queue. So wedding anniversary last week. The entire it is a crime to keep elephants alone. family gathered on this momentous occasion. CHEMICAL MARKING – The dog sniffs and Write a short paragraph describing the event. pees from time to time on the sidewalk to Ans: mark its territory. This chemical marking is I. Comprehension mostly through pheronomes [substances released to convey a message] and through Ans: to the questions. body fluids. Chemical signals can be air- a. Using the colour of the background to hide is borne or waterborne. Snakes can ‘taste’ their called ‘concealing colouration’. Any two ex- enemies from a distance by using their forked amples from paragraph 2. tongues and the roof of their mouth to collect b. Elephants use their entire body to commu- pheronomes. nicate - to play, explore, protect and fight, MOVEMENT – Bees send signals through to greet each other and push their calf to movement. When looking for food, forager join the queue. If left alone communication bees in the swarm move up and down would be completely cut off. informing others of the distance and location c. The birds flying in formation change positions of a food source. The birds flying in formation smoothly when they are tired to let others change positions smoothly when they are take their positions in front. tired to let others take their positions in front. d. Mammals in the ocean like whales and dol- AUDITORY – Animal cries signifying danger or phins ‘speak’ at ultrasonic frequencies to distress are now understood well by humans. communicate over long distances, since visi- Sound travels long distances and becomes an bility is poor in water. effective medium of communication. Almost 32

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Complete the statements. II. Description of event. a. dictionary of non-verbal means Prior preparations made by the family members – a b. substances released to convey a message traditional ceremony conducted in the morning with prayers and rituals – all the youngsters seeking the Antonyms blessings - followed by lunch – evening – informal a. concealing party – all old friends invited – party hall well dec- b. forked orated with photos and anecdotes of their 50 years of togetherness – some friends speaking about the couple – cutting of cake – music and dance – grand- parents touched by the gesture [Students may add more points] PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each c. legs/her/pass/vibrations/feet/through/up/ line. Edit the given paragraph. her/the d. fingertips/her/into/stick/the/up/passing/ Vegetarian restaurants are to been found in [a] sound/the/sense/can/she various parts of London. One day I tired himself [b] walking around the National Gallery look at [c] 4. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate pictures. It was near 1o’clock and I was feeling option. Sarla said that she didn’t know [a] _____ [why/ [d] what/when which] she had done wrong. She extremely hunger. So I made my way slowly to was talking to [b] _____ [her/him/me/it] as I was taking the stethoscope from my bag. [e] She was a woman of grace in [c] _____ [him/ an restaurant which was not far from there in me/us/her] late thirties who [d] _____ [has/ have/had/hadn’t] come to see me [e] _____ [f] Martin’s Lane. 2. In the following passage, one word has been [about/on/for/over] anxiety and depression. omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. In discussing the stress she faced, it was clear TiIthdieosypnnrheoivactaevtsceasylsak trrmyic.yt sinesrtvrauncttsioenxscetpotinwvhaedne my [[ab]] g[d[tfhria]ov]u_iu_ng_b_gh_l_]i_tn_eh__gre[]w[rttkhsraioildsseu/e[rtbgiphgl]leahe_stts_/osft_rmhno_ei_emgs/[hetghr/tioestvh.ureSobc/hsghleeaeild]vdhh/ehate/rodgrooitubvdeebee.nelne/na/age unless they are sent for. Such small matters getting a 5. Read the given conversation and complete the [c] paragraph. glass water, or putting on the shoes, or lighting the [d] lamp, I prefer to do myself rather send for them. [e] It gives me a feeling of independence self-reliance. [f] 3. Rearrange the jumbled sentences to form meaningful sentences. a. in/part/her/pours/music/every/body/of b. it/hair/tingles/her/in/in/even/skin/and/her/ cheekbones 33

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) b. me c. her Tarun: Where is your grammar notebook? d. had Varun: I don’t know where I have kept it. e. for Tarun: I saw you taking it from the teacher f. that g. giving yesterday. h. troublesome Varun: Later I gave it to Mohan and I have no idea 5. Complete the paragraph. a. where his grammar notebook was where I left it. b. he didn’t know where he had kept it Tarun: In case you don’t find it, take my c. he had seen him taking it from the teacher notebook and copy the notes. the previous day Tarun asked Varun [a] _____ . Varun replied d. he had given it to Mohan later e. that he had no idea where he had left it that [b] _____. Tarun mentioned that [c] f. in case he didn’t find it _____. Varun said that [d] _____ and also added [e] _____. Tarun told Varun to take his notebook and copy the notes [f] _____ . Ans:: 1. Editing a. been – be b. himself – myself c. look – looking d. near – nearly e. hunger – hungry f. an – a 2. Omission a. talk to my b. instructions not to c. matters as getting d. glass of water e. rather than send f. independence and self-reliance 3. Jumbled Words a. Music pours in every part of her body. b. It tingles in her skin, her cheekbones and even in her hair. c. The vibrations pass through her feet up her legs. d. She can sense the sound passing up the stick into her fingertips. 4. Fill in the blanks. a. what 34

7.1 Packing Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: I rather pride myself on my packing. Packing is one of those many things that I feel I know more about than any other person living. (It surprises me, sometimes, how many such things there are.) I impressed the fact upon George and Harris and told them that they had better leave the whole matter entirely to me. They fell into the suggestion with a readiness that had something uncanny about it. George put on a pipe and spread himself over the easy-chair, and Harris cocked his legs on the table and lit a cigar. 1. What is the writer proud of? 2. What did he tell George and Harris? 3. How did George and Harris react to the writer’s suggestion? 4. Which word in the passage means ‘strange’? Ans: 1. He prides himself on his packing. 2. He told them to leave the whole packing to him. 3. They agreed to it at once. 4. Uncanny. Extract 2: My tooth-brush is a thing that haunts me when I’m travelling, and makes my life a misery. I dream that I haven’t packed it, and wake up in a cold perspiration, and get out of bed and hunt for it. And, in the morning, I pack it before I have used it, and have to unpack again to get it, and it is always the last thing I turn out of the bag; and then I repack and forget it, and have to rush upstairs for it at the last moment and carry it to the railway station, wrapped up in my pocket handkerchief. 1. Name the story and the writer. 2. What does the narrator dream and what does he do about it? 3. What does he do in the morning? 4. Which word in the passage means ‘keeps disturbing’? Ans: I. ‘Tacking’ written by Jerome K Jerome. 2. He dreams that he has not packed his toothbrush. Then he wakes up and hunts for it. 3. He unpacks his bag to get the brush but doesn’t put it in the bag after using it. 4. haunts 35

7.2 The Duck and The Kangaroo Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Said the Duck, As I sat on the rocks, I have thought over that completely And I bought four pairs of wonted socks Which fit my web feet neatly. And to keep out the cold I’ve bought a cloak, And every day a cigar I’ll smoke, All to follow my own dear true Love of a Kangaroo!’ 1. Who is the Duck speaking to? 2. Where had he been sitting? 3. What had he thought over? 4. What things had he bought? 5. What did he say he would do every day? 6. What kind of feet did the Duck have? 7. Why did he bring wonted socks? 8. Why did he do all that for? Ans: I. He is speaking to the Kangaroo. 2. He had been sitting on the rocks. 3. He had thought over the Kangaroo’s objection about his wet and cold feet. 4. He had bought four pains of wonted socks and a cloak. 5. He said he would smoke a cigar every day. 6. He had webbed feet. 7. He had bought them to wear on his feet. 8. He said he had done all that for his love of the Kangaroo. 36

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the following passage carefully. times, scored no better than those who saw [discursive] it once. The researchers found evidence for Watching YouTube Videos, Instagram this phenomenon in other domains, including demos and Facebook tutorials may boost doing the moonwalk, playing a digital your confidence in performing a task but computer game and juggling. it probably would not make you an expert “Anyone who goes online to look up tips before overnight, suggests new research. attempting a skill – from cooking techniques Social media platforms have made it easy to DIY [do it yourself] home repairs to X Games to record, share and access instructional Tricks – would benefit from knowing that they videos, but merely watching them without might be overconfident in their own abilities practicing the demonstrated skills may not after watching, and should exercise caution actually improve our ability to perform them, before attempting similar skills themselves,” according to the findings published in the Kardas added. journal ‘Psychological science’. Answer the following questions. “The more that people watched others, the a. What does the new research suggest? more they felt they could perform the same b. What is mentioned in the journal skill too – even when their abilities hadn’t ‘Psychological Science’? actually changed for the better,” said study c. What is meant by ‘tablecloth trick’? author Michael Kardas of The University of d. Which category of people seemed more Chicago Booth School of Business in the US. confident with the ‘tablecloth trick’? “Our findings suggest that merely watching e. What was the prediction made by the high others could cause people to attempt skills exposure group? that they might not be ready or able to f. What was the ultimate reality of the perform themselves,” Kardas said. situation? In one online experiment, the researchers g. What should anyone who goes online to look assigned 100 participants to watch a video, for tips be wary of? read step-by- step instructions, or merely think h. Find a word from paragraph 4 which means about performing the ‘tablecloth trick’ which the same as ‘the ability to do something involves pulling a table cloth off a table without successfully or efficiently’. disturbing the place settings on top. People II. Look at the picture given below. who watched the five second video 20 times, were much more confident of their ability to On the basis of the given picture, write an pull off the trick than were those who watched article on ‘The problem of Child Labour’. the video once. However, people who simply read or thought about the trick for an extended Ans:: period of time did not show this confidence I. Comprehension boost. These results provided initial evidence that repeated viewing may lead people to an a. Watching YouTube Videos, Instagram demos inflated sense of competence. and Facebook tutorials may boost one’s con- To find out whether this perception is borne fidence in performing a task but it probably out by actual performance, the researchers would not make one an expert overnight. tested a group of 200 participants on their dart-throwing abilities. Those who watched b. Merely watching instructional videos a demo video 20 times estimated that they without practicing the demonstrated skills would score more points than those who saw 37 the video only once – this high-exposure group also predicted that they would be more likely to hit the bull’s eye and reported that they had learned more technique and improved more after watching the video. But these perceptions did not line up with reality – people who watched the video many

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) may not actually improve a person’s ability to II. Article perform them. [KEY POINTS] c. Pulling a table cloth off a table without dis- • Work for children that exploits them physically, turbing the place settings on top. mentally and morally or by blocking access to d. People who watched the five second video 20 education times were much more confident of their abil- • Causes – poverty, lack of education, health ity to pull off the trick. care, absence of an adult earning member, e. The high-exposure group predicted that they natural calamities would be more likely to hit the bull’s eye. • Areas of work – agriculture, mines, factories, f. People who watched the video many times scrap business, house maids, roadside hotels scored no better than those who saw it once. • Solutions – birth control, increase family in- g. They should avoid being overconfident and come, education to help learn skills, social ser- should exercise more caution. vices that help children survive crisis situations, h. Competence government taking up responsibility PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) promises Grammar: d. and/his/word/thoughtful/keeps/is/always/ 1. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each gentleman/true/a line. Edit the given paragraph. 4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. It was late at the afternoon and I was talking [a] to the landlord with some packed lunch that [b] Sleep [a] _____ very important as that is when I needed the next day – I was plan a short [c] the body releases stress [b] _____ energy to excursion, by myself on a group of caves nearby. get recuperated. To [c] _____ extent, sleep [d] [d] _____ care of the fatigue. But [e] _____ of the The landlord is in a hurry, arranging things [e] time, stress remains in the system. For tackling for a new guest that had booked a room [f] different [f] _____ of stress, there are techniques for the season or was supposed to be moving [g] of meditation [g] _____ focus on the rhythm [h] in every moment – arriving by the Mail train. [h] _____ breath that is linked to the state of mind. 2. In the following passage, one word has been 5. Expand the given newspaper headlines. omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. a. KSRTC TO REPLACE EXISTING FLEET WITH VOLVO LUXURY BUSES Though we met from time time, [a} The existing fleet of buses __________ with I never knew what [b] modern Volvo luxury buses before the end of the Manu really did. I ask her directly. [c] year. Once she casually [d] b. FOUR CHILDREN DIE: SWINE FLU SUSPECTED said that she painted and that she [e] At least four children __________ to have died of come to England [f] swine flu in the last three months. to learn painting. I thought one really [g] c. THEATRES SCREENING THE CONTROVERSIAL wanted to learn [h] FILM ON THE THIRD GENDER ATTACKED painting one go to Paris or to an Italian city. Theatres in Mumbai and Pune screening the England hardly the place. I didn’t controversial film on the third gender__________ wish to contradict by a group of protestors. her. She confused life the real world so d. DAVIS FOUND GUILTY OF THEFT IN THE MUSEUM readily life in her imagination that Davis, the crook __________ of stealing the most one could not rely famous painting in the museum by the New York on any of her statements. police today. 3. Rearrange the jumbled sentences to form 38 meaningful sentences. a. Panipat/a/pause/the/brief/had/train/at b. faces/train/muffled/boarded/men/the/five/ with c. disappointment/to/lead/broken/and/sorrow/

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Ans:: 1. Editing a. at – in b. with – about c. plan – planning d. on – to e. is - was f. that – who g. or – and h. every – any 2. Omission a. time to time b. I couldn’t ask c. she had come d. thought if one e. one would go f. England was hardly g. life in the h. readily with life 3. Jumbled words a. The train had a brief pause at Panipat. b. Five men with muffled faces boarded the train. c. Broken promises lead to disappointment and sorrow. d. A true gentleman is always thoughtful and keeps his word. OR A true gentleman is thought- ful and always keeps his word. 4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. a. is b. and c. some d. takes e. most f. types/kinds g. which h. of 5. Expand newspaper headlines. a. will be replaced b. are suspected c. were attacked d. has been found guilty 39

8.1 Reach For The Top Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: The only woman in the world who has conquered Mt. Everest twice was born in a society where the birth of a son was regarded as a blessing, and a daughter, though not considered a curse, was not generally welcome. When her mother was expecting Santosh, a travelling ‘holy man’, giving her his blessing, assumed that she wanted a son. But, to everyone’s surprise, the unborn child’s grandmother, who was standing close by, told him that they did not want a son. The ‘holy man’ was also surprised! 1. Which woman is being referred to in these lines? 2. What remarkable thing has she done? 3. What kind of society was she born in? 4. What did the holy man assume? Ans: 1. The woman being referred to is Santosh Yadav. 2. She has conquered Mt. Everest twice. 3. She was born in a society where the birth of a son was considered a blessing and a daughter was not generally welcome. 4. He assumed that the mother wanted to have a son. Extract 2: Santosh’s parents were affluent landowners who could afford to send their children to the best schools, even to the country’s capital Delhi, which was quite close by. But, in line with the prevailing custom in the family, Santosh had to make do with the local village school. So, she decided to fight the system in her own quiet way when the right moment arrived. And the right moment came when she turned sixteen. At sixteen, most of the girls in her village used to get married. Santosh was also under pressure from her parents to do the same. 1. Why was Santosh sent to the local village school? 2. Why didn’t Santosh object to it? 3. What did Santosh decide to do? 4. When did the right moment come? 40

8.1 Reach For The Top Ans: 1. It was a family custom to not send the girls away from home. 2. She wanted the right time to come. 3. She decided to fight the custom of making the girls study in the local village school only. 4. When Santosh turned sixteen. 8.2 On Killing A Tree Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: Out from the earth-cave, And the strength of the tree exposed, The source, white and wet, The most sensitive, hidden For years inside the earth. 1. What did the root form underground? 2. How is the strength of the tree exposed? 3. What is the most sensitive part of a tree? 4. Where does the root remain hidden for years? Ans: 1. It has formed a cave under the earth. 2. By pulling out its root. 3. Its root. 4. It remains hidden inside the earth. 41

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the following passage carefully. [factual] department has also distributed fire crackers, With the deaths of over a hundred elephants in kerosene oil and torches among villagers to a year due to unnatural reasons like being hit assist in the anti-depredation activities. by trains and electrocution, followed by death Answer the questions given below. of close to another hundred human beings a. What has led to the death of elephants in in conflict with elephants in a year, Assam is Assam? seemingly looking at a jumbo problem with no b. According to the minister, what steps have immediate solution in sight. While the Assam been taken to reduce or lessen the damage forest department has claimed to have taken caused by the elephants to the villagers? several steps including formation of local co- c. Which area of Assam has been the worst ordination committees in districts to monitor affected by the elephants? the movement of wild elephants, and created d. How are the anti-depredation squads elephant depredation squads, a solution is working to lessen the problem? seemingly far from sight. Find words from the passage which mean the Giving details of the steps taken by the same as the ones given below: department to stop the human and elephant a. observe to check progress [para 1] deaths, the minister said that while the b. hurdle [para 2] department is making efforts to use modern c. hunt illegally [para 3] technologies like use of sensor-based barriers d. thorough [para 4] on the railway tracks, efforts are also on to develop a mobile app for use by villagers II. You enjoy watching the game of cricket very as well as the forest officials in each district much. You ensure that you do not miss a single so that information about the movement of match while it is telecast on TV. Recently elephant herds could be shared. Solar power you happened to watch an IPL match live in electric fencing has also been created at some the stadium with your friends, as your uncle places to avoid damage to life and property by gifted you VIP passes. Write a diary entry on these elephants. your experience and how you felt later after A staggering 463 human beings have been watching the match. killed by wild animals from 2013 to 2017 Ans:: across the state. The maximum incidents occurred in Udalgiri district, which recorded I. Comprehension the death of 86 humans in the six-year period. Ans: Similarly 374 persons, including women and children, have been injured due to raids by a. unnatural reasons like being hit by trains wild elephants on human habitation between and electrocution, followed by death of close 2013 and 2017. According to the statistics to another hundred human beings in conflict maintained by the forest department, close with elephants; poaching, speeding trains, to a hundred elephants are being killed due poisoning to different incidents across Assam every year. The statistics, maintained by the wildlife b. use modern technologies like use of sen- NGOs however, did not match and said that sor-based barriers on the railway tracks; more elephants are killed every year due to a mobile app for use by villagers as well as poaching, speeding trains, poisoning and the forest officials in each district to that in- electrocution. formation about the movement of elephants “We have also created elephant anti- herds could be shared. Solar power electric depredation squads to lessen the conflict fencing has also been created at some plac- in the districts. Local villagers are also es to avoid damage to life and property by being sensitized by organizing awareness these elephants. programmes and intensive patrolling is being carried out in areas where the problem is c. The maximum incidents occurred in greater,” the minister said, adding that the Udalgiri district, which recorded the death of 86 humans in the six-year period. Similarly 42

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 374 persons, including women and children, II. Diary Entry have been injured due to raids by wild Key Points elephants on human habitation between Excited at having got the passes – first experience 2013 and 2017 with friends at the stadium – atmosphere being d. Local villagers are also being sensitised by electrifying – huge crowd – very high noise levels organising awareness programmes and – flags waving everywhere – toss – game – cheer- intensive patrolling is being carried out in ing for both teams – music – drums – people cheer- areas where the problem is greater; ing their favourite players - your favourite team winning the match – an unforgettable experience Synonyms – grateful to uncle for providing passes – plan to a. monitor watch a match every year b. barrier c. poaching d. intensive PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each In fact, some their innovations are line. Edit the given paragraph. priced at as much [d] Cwanhhdooocaaonrrleeaesctn,eo omdtipoaamf rmoeduncdohsnwisthoaercttwhu.eaDlllli-yakmnboroownwndnswdhiaitme ond[[ bas]] iefWahteysahwwesheosiusnnruunlvsrrddegegwrneneeoitioddoennserdss.ootdfavodreitonrelgadla dLrsoazsaeibknr,ostahuderg.reiDcra.lBinasntarjui ments[[e.f]] are produced [c] of mines. The best know diamond mines are in 3. Rearrange the jumbled sentences to form [d] meaningful sentences Australia, South Africa and Russia. a. important/is/to/it/observe/rules/traffic The larger diamond b. not/children/below/of/the age/ must/drive/ [e] eighteen years mine was discovered on 1976 in the desert of [f] c. protection/our/must/we/helmets/own/wear/ Australia near a little creek named Lake Argyle. for Diamonds are creative under very d. phones/while/must/used/not/mobile/be/ extreme conditions driving [g] 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs. in pressure and high temperature. [h] Jimmy [a] _____ [to be] an explorer. He [b] _____ [to travel] to nearly every country in the 2. In the following passage, one word has been world. Once while he [c] _____ [to go] through omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. Necessity the mother of invention. Indian doctor [a] have quite creative when hamstrung by few or no tools [b] to perform specific surgeries. They simply design it themselves one-fourth the price they are sold abroad. [c] 43

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) the forests of Sunderbans, he [d] _____ [to see] c. themselves at one-fourth some white tigers moving slowly. He [e] _____ d. some of their [want] to stay there for some more time and e. When this senior study these majestic animals. During his stay f. there were few he [f] _____ [to become] very friendly with the natives. Now after many years he [g] _____ [to 3. Jumbled words decide] to go back to the Sunderbans again. He is a. It is important to observe traffic rules. b. Children below the age of eighteen years must sure that the natives [h] _____ [to welcome] him not drive. with the same warmth. c. We must wear helmets for our own protection. 5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. d. Mobile phones must not be used while driving. Some people are lucky enough never to fall sick, 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs but most [a] _____ us have to go [b] _____ a doctor occasionally [c] _____ examination and a. is b. has travelled treatment. Except in emergencies, it is better c. was going to fix an appointment [d] _____ arriving at a doctor’s clinic. When a patient visits a doctor [e] d. saw e. wanted _____ the first time, he/she is asked a number of f. became questions [f] _____ the doctor’s assistant, so that the doctor can have a complete medical history. g. has decided Ans:: h. will welcome 1. Editing 5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. a. is – are a. Of b. on – to b. To c. who – that/which c. For d. of – in d. Before e. larger – largest e. For f. on – in f. By g. creative – created h. in – of 2. Omission a. Necessity is the b. have been quite 44

9.1 The Bond Of Love Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: As we watched the fallen animal we were surprised to see that the black fur on its back moved and left the prostrate body. Then we saw it was a baby bear that had been riding on its mother’s back when the sudden shot had killed her. The little creature ran around its prostrate parent making a pitiful noise. I ran up to it to attempt a capture. It scooted into the sugarcane field. Following it with my companions, I was at last able to grab it by the scruff of its neck while it snapped and tried to scratch me with its long, hooked claws. 1. How had the animal fallen? 2. What surprised the writer and his companions? 3. What did the baby bear do after leaving its mother’s back? 4. What did the writer try to do? Ans: 1. One of the writer’s companions had shot at it. 2. They were surprised when the black fur on the back of the fallen animal moved and left it. 3. It ran around its dead mother, making a pitiful noise. 4. He tried to catch the baby Extract 2: For the next three hours she would not leave that cage. She gave him tea, lemonade, cakes, ice-cream and what not. Then ‘closing time’ came and we had to leave. My wife cried bitterly; Baba cried bitterly; even the hardened curator and the keepers felt depressed. As for me, I had reconciled myself to what I knew was going to happen next. `Oh please, sir,’ she asked the curator, ‘may I have my Baba back?’ 1. What does ‘closing time’ refer to in the passage? 2. What did the writer’s wife and Baba do when it was closing time? 3. What did the writer know was going to happen? 4. Give the antonym of the word ‘depressed’. Ans: 1. It was the time when the visitors in the zoo had to leave. 2. They wept bitterly. 3. He knew his wife would ask for taking Baba back home. 4. delighted 45

9.2 The Snake Trying Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: The make trying to escape the pursuing stick, with sudden cravings of thin long body How beautiful and graceful are his shapes! He glides through the water away from the stroke. 1. Name the poem and the poet. 2. What did the snake try to do? 3. What is it trying to escape from? 4. How is it trying to escape? 5. How does the poet describe the shape of snake? 6. Where does the snake go and why? Ans: 1. The name of the poem is ‘The Snake Trying’. The name of the poet is W.W.E. Ross. 2. It is trying to escape. 3. It is trying to escape from the pursuing stick. 4. It is trying to escape with the sudden curvings of its long thin body. 5. He thinks they are beautiful and graceful. 6. The snake goes through the water to save itself from the stroke. 46

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passage) I. Read the following passage carefully. product designer is involved in every step [discursive] of the product from the initial sketching to For a product to stand out amongst the putting it on the shelf. plethora available today and to connect Challenges – One of the biggest challenges with the consumers, its ‘design’ is crucial. A in the design field is that one always needs product designed to be aesthetically pleasing to be abreast of the latest technology and and functionally appealing will not only trends. Technology in the field changes capture the attention of the consumers but every two years and so to remain relevant also benefit the company offering it. Not one needs to constantly upgrade one’s surprisingly, product design is an exciting, knowledge. So learning and evolving never popular and growing career choice. stops. Another challenge is to come up with What is product design? – It implies creation new ideas that will have a mass appeal. Unlike of objects of functional value to people. It art, the objective of product design is mass involves conceiving a product, tailoring it to production. Being good at drawing, sketching meet consumer needs, manufacturing and and other creative fields do not make a good packaging. The term holds under its umbrella product designer. A product designer needs everything from home décor and electronics logical thinking and imagination. to sporting goods and fast-moving consumer Answer the questions given below. goods. To be successful, product designers a. What is important for a product to stand out need to be strong in design thinking, in in the current times? understanding consumer behavior, in learning b. What is the advantage of a well- designed from the past, and be imaginative. product? Types – Product design includes formatting c. What does product design involve? design and functional design. Format d. Mention the different types of product design means the shape and appearance of designs. the product. Functional design means the e. Why has the demand for product designers in working of the product. It is very important India increased? because the product will sell only if it works as f. Mention the responsibilities of the product expected. It also includes packaging design. designer. An eye-catching package lures customers to g. What, according to the passage, is the try out the product; this increases sales. biggest challenge for product designers? Scope – The consumer market in India h. List the qualities of a good product designer. is blossoming with both national and international brands wooing customers with II. Write a short story based on the given outline. attractive products and packages. Brands are month of July – heavy rains – greenery all engaged in a competition with each other around – new creatures all around – visit to to come up with better designed products. a village – one night – loud sound of people Demand for product designers in India has heard – noise of crackers – shouting of forest increased over the years. guards – herd of elephants in the village – Roles and responsibilities – Once a person scared – out of wits – villagers, scared but starts work as a product designer, the prepared – realize nature cannot be taken for marketing departments of the company will granted – respect for nature and other things give a brief of the expected product. Following in nature that, the designers conduct research to find Ans: out user requirements and come up with ideas accordingly. They have to work with the I. Comprehension engineering team to create prototypes and a. design mockups of the products and see it through to b. A product designed to be aesthetically pleas- manufacturing. Often, a product designer also ing and functionally appealing will not only designs its packaging but some companies capture the attention of the consumers but might have a separate team to handle it. The 47

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) also benefit the company offering it. g. One of the biggest challenges in the design field c. It involves conceiving a product, tailoring it is that one always needs to be abreast of the to meet consumer needs, manufacturing and latest technology and trends. packaging. h. needs to be strong in design thinking, in under- d. Form design, functional design, packaging de- standing consumer behavior, in learning from sign the past, needs logical thinking and imagina- e. Brands are engaged in a competition with each tion. other to come up with better designed prod- ucts. Demand for product designers in India has II. Story Writing increased over the years. f. conduct research to find out user requirements Outline given in the question itself and come up with ideas accordingly, work with the engineering team to create prototypes and mockups of the products and see it through to manufacturing. PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Grammar: 1. In the given paragraph, there is an error in each 4. Read the given instructions and complete the line. Edit the given paragraph. paragraph that follows. • Clean and peel a ripe mango and cut into Health insecurity is in an all-time high. [a] small chunks. In a time when thousands of people loose [b] • You can also use store bought fruit puree. there health insurance every day, when [c] • Take 3/4th cup of cold milk, one teaspoon of health care is becoming elusive to even sugar, one teaspoon of vanilla ice-cream and well-to-do American, and when any person [d] ice cubes. is just one pink slip about from becoming [e] • Blend the fruit with all the ingredients until uninsured, it becomes cleared that health [f] smooth and creamy and serve cold. care for all is not just important to achieve, A ripe mango is taken and cut into small and imperative. At its root, the lack of health [g] chunks. Store- bought fruit puree [a] _____ care for all in America is a moral issues. [h] if fresh fruit is not available. 3/4th cup of cold milk, one tablespoon of sugar. One teaspoon 2. In the following passage, one word has been of vanilla ice-cream and ice cubes [b] _____. omitted in each line. Supply the missing word. All the ingredients [c] _____ until smooth and creamy. The shake [d] _____ cold. I went the hospital yesterday evening at about [a] 6pm to see uncle who was admitted there. 5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. [b] He was happy and contented [a] _____ he was Last week he sustained injury in his leg [c] poor. He never showed signs of frustration, [b] caused tripping over a water pipe. He was rushed _____ his friends who were rich, were always [d] in distress. Although he had many problems, to the hospital. I asked him he was feeling [e] he remained [c] _____ and composed. [d] and he told me he was feeling much better. [f] _____ people liked his company. [e] _____ he went he spread happiness and cheer. I don’t 3. Rearrange the jumbled sentences to form know [f] _____ he could be so happy. meaningful sentences. a. very hard life/human beings/in the primitive times/lived a b. other animals/they had to/for their survival/ compete with c. is much/that the earth/younger than/has suggested/previously thought/a new study d. the planet/other material/together to form/ clumped/gas, dust and 48

PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) Ans:: 4. Process Writing 1. Editing a. can be used b. are taken a. in – at c. are blended b. loose – lose d. is served c. there – their d. American – Americans 5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. e. about – away a. though/although f. cleared – clear b. but g. and – but c. calm h. issues – issue d. so 2. Omission e. wherever a. went to the f. how b. see my uncle c. sustained an injury d. caused by tripping e. him how he f. me that he 3. Jumbled Words a. Human beings lived a very hard life in primi- tive times. OR In primitive times, human beings lived a very hard life. b. They had to compete with other animals for their survival. c. A new study has suggested that the earth is much younger than previously thought. d. Gas, dust and other material clumped together to form the planet. 49

10.1 Kathmandu Reading Comprehension Extracts Extract 1: A corpse is being cremated on its banks; washerwomen are at their work and children bathe. From a balcony, a basket of flowers and leaves, old offerings now wilted, is dropped into the river. A small shrine half protrudes from the stone platform on the riverbank. When it emerges fully, the goddess inside will escape, and the evil period of the Kaliyug will end on earth. 1. Which river is being referred to here? 2. What was happening on the banks of the river? 3. What was dropped from the balcony? 4. Where is the shrine? Ans: 1. The river Bagmati. 2. A corpse was being cremated. Washerwomen were at work. Children were bathing. 3. A basket of flowers, leaves and old offerings. 4. It is on a stone platform on the river bank. Extract 2: I find it difficult to tear myself away from the square. Flute music always does this to me : it is at once the most universal and most particular of sounds. There is no culture that does not have its flute — the reed neh, the recorder, the Japanese shakuhachi, the deep bansuri of Hindustani classical music, the clear or breathy flutes of South America, the high-pitched Chinese flutes. Each has its specific fingering and compass. It weaves its own associations. Yet to hear any flute is, it seems to me, to be drawn into the commonalty of all mankind, to be moved by music closest in its phrases and sentences to the human voice. Its motive force too is living breath : it too needs to pause and breathe before it can go on. 1. Name the lesson and the writer. 2. What do different cultures of the world have with them? 3. What does the writer say about the Chinese flutes? 4. What is the antonym of ‘universal’? Ans: 1. The name of the lesson is ‘Kathmandu’ and the writer is Vikram Seth. 2. Each culture has a flute of its own. 3. They are high-pitched. 4. individual 50