242510238-HAZELWOOD-STUDENT-TEXTBOOK-EVS_I(SCIENCE)-G03-PART2

Hazelwood G3 EVS-I TB P2_Nameslip.pdf 1 8/7/2023 12:29:52 PM Name: _________________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: ______________ School: ________________________________________ EVS - I (SCIENCE) TEXTBOOK Part - 2

PREFACE The latest National Curriculum Framework (NCF), furthering 1 the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, provides a comprehensive framework for the holistic 5 2 development of students. It places a strong emphasis on 4 foundational literacy and numeracy and a competency-based and learner-centred approach to ensure a well-rounded education that prepares students for the challenges of the 21st century. ClassKlap by Eupheus partners with schools and supports them through the steps of planning, teaching, learning, 3 personal revision and assessment to equip students with the desired knowledge and skills relevant to the 21st century. The present series has been carefully crafted to provide a solid foundation for students keeping in mind the principles outlined in the NCF. The books promote active learning and skill development. They strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. The books have been split into two parts for lighter bag weight. To facilitate comprehensive coverage, improved understanding of diverse themes and ease of implementation, the EVS curriculum has been split into EVS–I (Science) and EVS–II (Social Studies). The salient features of the EVS–I (Science) textbooks and workbooks are as follows: Skill-based lessons are structured as per Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy (Remember-Understand-Apply-Analyse-Evaluate-Create) Inquiry-based lessons are structured based on a Socratic approach using a question-answer format, aiming at discovery-based learning as per NCF guidelines Interactive content that engages students through a range of open-ended questions that build curiosity and instil a passion for scientific exploration A structured and coherent progression of concepts to build a foundation of scientific knowledge and skills Opportunities for experimentation, analysis and synthesis of ideas and concepts and encouragement of evidence-based thinking Effective use of visual elements to enable learning of structures, processes and phenomena A focus on subject-specific vocabulary building Integrated learning of values and life skills through the content and activities Fostering interdisciplinary learning by connecting themes and concepts across subjects The EVS–I (Science) textbooks, workbooks and teacher companion books aim to inculcate healthy habits, skills and values that promote environmentally sensitive and culturally responsive democratic citizenship among students. 20-21_Science_G3_TB_CE_Part1.indd 2 7/31/2023 12:21:08 PM

ENTGELXITSBHOOCKOFUERATSUERBEOSOK FEATURES Art-Integrated Learning Let Us Learn About Lesson plans provided for Indicates the learning outcomes to be covered in the lesson art-integrated learning Remembering SKILL-BASED LESSONS Introduces new concepts by building on the prerequisite knowledge or skills Think Understanding Introduces the concept and arouses curiosity about it among students Explains the sub-concepts that form the basis of the concept in detail Application Amazing Facts Focuses on the application of the concepts and connects them to real-life scenarios Fascinating facts and trivia related to the concept Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Connect the Dots Encourages students to extend the concept A multidisciplinary section to connect learnt to advanced application scenarios the lesson theme with other subjects Inside the Lab Reflection Time! Thought-provoking questions to Hands-on activities that involve creating, encourage reflection on the concept and designing and implementing something on how it is related to the student's life, innovative and useful related to the concepts experiences and the world around INQUIRY-BASED LESSONS Concepts organised using a question-answer approach to foster a mindset of inquiry and reasoning Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 3 7/28/2023 3:50:23 PM

Contents Class 3 8 Composition of Air Skill-Based ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 9 Stems and Leaves Art-Integrated Learning    Skill-Based ������������������������������������������������������� 5 1 0 Animals and Us Art-Integrated Learning    Inquiry-Based ����������������������������������������������� 10 Inside the Lab – B�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 Activity B1: My Lava Lamp Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! 1 1 Food Diversity Art-Integrated Learning    Skill-Based ����������������������������������������������������� 16 1 2 Types of Houses Art-Integrated Learning    Skill-Based ����������������������������������������������������� 22 1 3 Travel with Family Inquiry-Based ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 27 1 4 Communication without Speaking Inquiry-Based ������������������������������������������ 31 Inside the Lab – C������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 33 Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States Activity C2: Make Your Script Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 4 7/28/2023 3:50:25 PM

Lesson Composition of Air 8 Let Us Learn About R air as a mixture. U sources of components of air. A air pollution. H the bad effects of burning firecrackers. Think Arjun woke up early in the morning to go to school. He found that the air was fresh and cool. When he came back from school in the afternoon, he felt the air was not so fresh and cool. Do you know why? Remembering We know that air is all around us. Air is a mixture of different gases. Gases are substances that can move around freely. Gases do not have any shape of their own. They can fill any available space of any shape. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are the main gases present in the air. Air is mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and some other gases are present in smaller amounts. Air also contains water vapour, which is the gaseous form of water, and some dust. Clean air does not have any smell or colour. 1 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 1 7/28/2023 3:50:30 PM

Understanding We have learnt that air contains different gases. Let us find out the sources of these gases. All animals breathe in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide during respiration. At the same time, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air to make their food through the process of photosynthesis. They give out oxygen during this process. In this way, the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air are maintained. What will happen to this balance, if we cut trees unnecessarily? oxygen photosynthesis respiration carbon dioxide We know that water vapour in the air comes from different water bodies. Once the air gets filled with water vapour, it changes into water droplets and falls as rain. Application Sometimes, the air gets filled with smoke and dust. The presence of such harmful substances in the air is called air pollution. Substances which make the air dirty (or pollute the air) are called pollutants. 2 7/28/2023 3:50:32 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 2

Let us find out the sources of these pollutants. When we burn firewood or a kerosene lamp, firewood kerosene it gives out smoke. Smoke from vehicles and lamp factories also pollutes the air. Vehicles also blow up dust in the air. Carbon dioxide is useful at very low levels. But when its amount increases above normal levels, it becomes a pollutant. Any colour or bad smell of air shows air pollution. Polluted air is unhealthy. It may damage our lungs and eyes. It makes us feel tired and sick. If the air is polluted, we should wear masks. vehicles factory Masks filter the air and allow only clean air to enter our nose. How can we keep the air clean? 1) Plant trees: Plants absorb carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. They help to keep the air clean and healthy. So, we feel fresh when we are in a field, garden or forest. It is, therefore, important to plant trees. 2) Use smoke-free lamps and stoves: We should avoid child wearing a mask using cooking stoves and lamps which give out smoke. 3) Stop burning garbage: We should not burn garbage. Plastics in the garbage give out harmful gases on burning. 4) Use well-maintained vehicles: Vehicles that are not maintained properly or are old give out harmful gases. Amazing Facts As we go higher, the level of oxygen in the air decreases. So, the people who climb mountains carry oxygen cylinders with them. Composition of Air 3 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 3 7/28/2023 3:50:35 PM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) People burst firecrackers (crackers) on festivals and special occasions. Do you think firecrackers are good for the environment? Firecrackers are made up of chemicals which catch fire easily. They make a lot of noise. They also add harmful smoke to the air causing air pollution. It is dangerous to work in places where firecrackers are made or stored. firecrackers people who make firecrackers People who make firecrackers in factories suffer from skin and lung problems. At some places, even small children are forced to work in firecracker factories. We should, therefore, stop bursting firecrackers. Connect the Dots Social Studies Fun Smoke from factories is harmful to us. So, factories are built in industrial areas far from our homes. Find out whether there is any such area near your city. 4 7/28/2023 3:50:35 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 4

Lesson Stems and Leaves 9 Let Us Learn About R different types of stems and leaves. U functions of stems and leaves. A uses of stems and leaves. H why plants shed leaves. Think Nitin’s teacher showed him four types of leaves. She asked him to find the difference between them. What differences did Nitin find? Remembering You have learnt about various types of plants. You have also learnt that a plant has different parts. Now, let us learn about the stems and leaves of plants in detail. THE STEM stem leaf The stem is usually seen above the ground. It is generally green when young and later becomes woody and dark brown. The stem is different in different types of plants. Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 5 5 7/28/2023 3:50:38 PM

The stem of a big tree is called the trunk. tree trunk stem with stem without Stems may be with branches or without branches branches branches. For example, mango trees have branches but coconut trees have no branches. Stems are usually erect, but in some plants they can be creeping or twisted. For example, pumpkin plants have creeping stems. The stem of the rose plant has thorns on it. creeper stem thorns on a hair on the In some plants, stems are covered with of pumpkin rose stem stem of a tulsi small hair. plant The stem of the bamboo is smooth, while the stem of the mango tree is rough. We have learnt about the different types of stems in plants. Now, let us learn about the different kinds of leaves. THE LEAVES Leaves are important parts of plants, just like the bamboo stems rough stem or bark stems. They are of different size, shape and colour. of a mango tree They are arranged in different ways in different plants. Shapes Arrangement Edges Let us take a look at some leaves. Banana plants have big leaves and tulsi hand plants have small ones. shaped Peepal trees have heart-shaped leaves. spear simple smooth Lotus plants have round ones. shaped Some leaves have toothed edges. heart compound toothed Example: neem shaped Some leaves have a special smell. round Example: tulsi compound lobed needle different types of leaves 6 7/28/2023 3:50:50 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 6

Understanding We have learnt about different types of stems and leaves. But, why do plants need stems and leaves? Let us see how stems and leaves are helpful to plants. FUNCTIONS OF STEMS 1) The stem allows the plant to stand upright and holds up the branches and leaves. It holds the leaves in such a way that they trunk helps the tree can get maximum sunlight. to stand upright 2) The stem carries water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. It carries food prepared in the leaves to the different parts of the plant. 3) Some stems store food for the plant. Example: sugarcane sugarcane FUNCTIONS OF LEAVES Plants need food to live. Leaves make sunlight oxygen food for the plant. They also help plants to breathe. How do leaves make food? Leaves are called the food factory or the kitchen of the plant. Leaves produce food and the plant stores it for later use. carbon dioxide The leaves of most of the plants that we see are green. This is because of a green substance found in leaves called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll traps energy from the Sun water and for plants to make food. Leaves prepare minerals food using water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight. The process by which green leaves prepare food using carbon dioxide (a gas present in the air), water and minerals (from the roots) is called photosynthesis. Stems and Leaves 7 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 7 7/28/2023 3:50:59 PM

Application We have learnt about the functions of stems and leaves. Now, let us see how we use stems and leaves in our day-to-day life. USES OF STEMS Some stems are used: • as food, for example, potato and onion. The sugarcane stem is used to make juice, sugar and jaggery. • to make furniture as they are hard and strong. Teak and mahogany are a few examples. • to make medicines. Example: tulsi, neem • to make useful things like rubber and jute. The milky juice from the stem of the rubber tree is used to make rubber. The stem of the jute plant is used to make jute. We make ropes and bags using jute. USES OF LEAVES Some leaves are used: • as food. Leafy vegetables such as spinach and fenugreek (methi) are some examples. Leaves of the tea plant are used to make tea. • as spices in cooking. Example: bay leaves, coriander • to make medicines. Example: the leaves of the tulsi and neem plants. • to cook and serve food. Example: turmeric leaf, banana leaf • as decorations during festivals and special occasions. bay leaves cooking food using a leaf serving food on a leaf 8 7/28/2023 3:51:00 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 8

Amazing Facts The green colour of leaves is due to a substance called chlorophyll. Leaves turn brown due to a substance called tannin. Tannin also gives the colour to your tea. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) During the winter season, some trees shed all their leaves. Leaves of some trees also change their colour. Do you know why they do so? Try to find out. shedding of leaves leaves changing colours There are some trees where leaves are not in their normal form. For example, cactus plant. The leaves of cactus are reduced to spines. cactus plant with spines Connect the Dots Maths Fun You have learnt about different types of patterns. Create two patterns using different types of leaf prints. Stems and Leaves 9 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 9 7/28/2023 3:51:04 PM

Lesson 10 Animals and Us Human beings live on Earth along with other animals. In fact, human beings are also a type of animal. We have some similarities and some differences with other animals. Since ancient times, human beings have taken the help of animals in their daily lives and used them for various purposes. How do animals help us? We often get food and other things from animals. Milk and wool are some common examples. The products we get from animals are called animal products. Humans have also trained some animals to help them in their work and transport. These animals are called trained animals. Let’s read more about them. Animal Products 1) We get food from some animals and birds. • Animals like cows, buffaloes and goats cow buffalo milk and milk produce milk and are called milch products animals. 10 7/28/2023 3:51:07 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 10

• W e drink the milk of animals and use it to prepare milk or dairy products like curd, butter, ghee and cheese. • We get eggs from birds like hens and ducks. • The meat from various animals and birds provides food to us. hen Some aquatic (water) animals like fish and prawns are also eaten by us. 2) We get honey from honeycombs built by honeybees. honeycomb honey Honey is used in food and as medicine. wool woollen clothes 3) We get wool from animals like sheep and sheep rabbits. Wool is used to make woollen clothes that protect us from cold. 4) We get lac from lac insects. Lac is used to lac insect lac lac bangles make dyes and bangles. 5) We get silk threads from silkworms. silkworm silk thread silk cloth We use silk to make silk cloth. 6) We get pearls from oysters, a kind of sea animal. oyster pearls 7) Animal waste is used to produce cooking gas. In villages, dried cow dung is used instead of dried cow dung used as firewood firewood. Trained Animals 1) Animals like horses, elephants and camels are trained to camels in the desert carry people and goods. Horses and bullocks pull carts. In places where modern modes of transport do not work, animals like mules and camels help in transport. Camels can walk across the desert sand easily. They are called the ships of the desert. 2) Dogs are trained to help us in many ways. The police train guide dog dogs to catch thieves or check for bombs. Some dogs are trained to guard our homes. They can also be trained to help people with special needs, like helping blind people to cross roads. Animals and Us 11 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 11 7/28/2023 3:51:15 PM

3) Some animals are trained to help us in farm work. 4) Earlier, wild animals like elephants, monkeys and parrots were trained to perform tricks. Sea animals like dolphins are also bullocks used in farms trained to perform in front of people in some zoos. However, people have now realised that this is cruel to animals. To stop animal cruelty, animal circuses are not allowed in many countries. We have learnt about the various ways in which animals help us in the form of animal products, transport and safety. Many people also depend on animals for their work. Let us see how. How else do people depend on animals? People like milkmen and fishermen depend on animals for their livelihood. Some people rear goats and sheep for their milk and meat. fish farming To rear animals is to take care of them until they are fully grown. People rear birds like hens and ducks for their meat and eggs. This is called poultry farming. Many people also keep animals as pets a girl with her pet dog a pet hamster at home. Dogs, cats, hamsters and rabbits are popular pets as they can easily live along with people in their homes. Many people consider their pets a part of their family. We should treat all animals with kindness and never hurt them. We should always take care of the animals around us. How can we take care of animals? 1) We should give enough food and water to the animals around us. If we have pets, we should keep them clean and healthy. 2) We should avoid using animals for transport. We should never hurt or beat animals to train them. 12 7/28/2023 3:51:18 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 12

3) We should keep the animals healthy and get an animal doctor to check them regularly. An animal doctor is called a veterinarian. Remember: Killing wild animals for their body parts, such as skin, fur, nails, horns or tusks is not allowed according to our country’s laws. Keeping them in cages is also not allowed. Reflection Time! 1) Snake charmers and monkey charmers train snakes and monkeys to perform tricks and earn money. Have you seen such animal charmers? How do you think the animals feel? How do you feel when you look at those animals? 2) Do you have a pet? If not, would you like to have a pet? Why? Animals and Us 13 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 13 7/28/2023 3:51:18 PM

Inside the Lab – B Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity B1: My Lava Lamp A lava lamp is a tube-shaped light. It has a coloured, oily liquid inside it that flows up and down. Let us try to build a lava lamp. It is very easy and a lot of fun! You will need: a cup of water, a clear plastic bottle, vegetable oil, food colouring, ENO fruit salt (or other antacid tablets) and glitter (optional) You need to: lava lamps 1) pour water into the plastic bottle until it is around one-quarter full. 2) pour the vegetable oil until the bottle is nearly full. 3) wait until the oil and water have separated from each other. 4) add around twelve drops of food colouring to the bottle. You can add glitter too. 5) watch as the food colouring goes through the oil and mixes with the water. 6) add some ENO into the bottle; things should start getting a little crazy, just like a real lava lamp! 7) add some more ENO when the bubbling stops and enjoy the changes. 8) shine a torch behind or underneath your lava lamp to see it glow. How do you get the movement inside the lava lamp? When we add ENO, it mixes with water to form carbon dioxide gas. This gas causes colour bursts and movements inside the lava lamp. [Note: Oral intake of ENO or antacid tablets should be strictly avoided during the activity.] 14 7/28/2023 3:51:18 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 14

Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! We see many different types of leaves Shapes Arrangement Edges around us. They differ in colour, shape, smooth size, arrangement and so on. hand simple toothed shaped Go on a nature walk to a local park or a garden in your school premises to see spear the different types of leaves shaped You will need: heart compound shaped a paper bag, a pencil, an eraser and a set of colour pencils. round You need to: 1) take a paper bag and collect as compound lobed many types of leaves as you can. needle 2) make sure that you pick 3–4 leaves of the same plant. different types of leaves 3) group all the leaves by shapes, arrangement and edges (as shown in the picture). 4) trace the shapes of the leaves in your notebook. 5) colour the leaves with your favourite colours. Show your colourful leaf journal to your friends. trace and paint leaves Inside the Lab – B 15 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 15 7/28/2023 3:51:24 PM

Lesson Food Diversity 11 Let Us Learn About R food diversity. U the reasons for food diversity. A changes in the food habits of people. H important food crops in India. Think Have you noticed what your friends bring for lunch daily? Is it the same kind of food which you bring from home? Remembering You might have seen that your friends bring different dishes for lunch. At home, we take different types of food for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The food we eat on different days is also not the same. The food which people eat regularly in large quantity is called staple food. The staple food is not the same in different places. 16 7/28/2023 3:51:26 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 16

For example, rice is the staple food in southern India, whereas wheat is the staple food in northern India. 1)  People in southern India may prefer idli, dosa and rice. 2)  People in the north may like roti, food in food in paratha and dal. South North India India 3)  P eople in the east may eat more of fish, dal and rice. 4)  People in western India may enjoy pav bhaji, thepla and so on. Food in different states is different food food too. in East in West For example, in Punjab, people India India prefer lassi and parathas. In West Bengal, people like fish curry and rice. Let us see what people eat in different countries. In China, people eat rice, noodles and so on. In the United States of America (USA), the popular food items are hot dogs and burgers. In Italy, people eat pizza, pasta and so on. Chinese food noodles rice American food Italian food hot dog burger pizza pasta Food Diversity 17 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 17 7/28/2023 3:51:27 PM

Understanding There is a variety of food across places. Now, let us find out the reasons behind this diversity in food. 1) Availability of raw food: The weather and climate of a place help in the growth of some specific food crops. A crop is a plant grown for food, clothes, medicines or any other uses. For example, in areas of heavy rainfall, rice and coconut are grown. People in these areas eat more rice. In areas of low rainfall, wheat, bajra and jowar are grown. So, people eat rotis made from the flour of these grains. In coastal areas, fish is available in abundance. Seafood like fish is common in these regions. cooked chutney bread rice idli coconut cookies rice plants barfi coconut trees wheat plants roti roti fish fry khichdi laddu prawn curry bajra plants jowar plants seafood 2) Culture and tradition: People from different cultures eat different food. We celebrate festivals by making special types of food. For example, • During Eid, people make biryani, kebabs and sweets. • Christmas is celebrated with a variety of meat dishes, cakes and cookies. • Bhog is a special food prepared during Durga puja. • People make modak during Ganesh festival. • Pongal is another festival food prepared during the Tamil festival of Thai Pongal. 18 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 18 7/28/2023 3:51:29 PM

Eid Christmas biryani kebabs sweets cookies Christmas cake turkey Durga puja Ganesh festival Thai Pongal bhog modak pongal 3) Cooking methods: Food also differs because of the cooking methods used. Boiled rice and fried rice are very different. In the same way, chappatis and puris look and taste different. boiled rice fried rice chappatis puris Earlier, people ate only locally grown food. Food items from other places were not available to them easily. These days, food items from different places are easily available to us. Application We have seen various reasons for food diversity. But sometimes, food habits differ because of the needs of the body. 1) Work habits: Food habits also depend on the type of work people do. For example, people doing a lot of physical work need more of energy-rich food. Food Diversity 19 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 19 7/28/2023 3:51:32 PM

2) Age: According to the age of the people, different types of food items are prepared at home. For example, baby food differs from the food grown-up people eat. A new- born baby drinks only milk. School-going children need a variety of food items to grow. Very old people eat soft food items like dal-rice and roti soaked in milk. baby food food of an adult person 3) Seasons: Our food habits also change according to the seasons. In summer, we eat more fruits and vegetable dishes. In winter, we eat food and drinks that keep us warm. Find out the different types of seasonal food available in your area. winter food summer food 4) Health: Food habits also change according to health conditions. When you are ill, you eat less food. Your parents may give you soups, light food with less oil and so on. Amazing Facts Tomato, potato, sugar and chilli are originally not from India. They were brought to India by the Portuguese. 20 7/28/2023 3:51:35 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 20

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) You have learnt that one of the reasons behind food diversity is the variety of crops. The major crops in India can be divided into four groups: 1) Food grains such as rice, maize, wheat and so on 2) Fruits and vegetables 3) Cotton, jute, sugarcane and tobacco 4) Tea, coffee, coconut and rubber Find out the different types of crops grown in your area. Also, learn about the changes in the crops grown throughout the year. Connect the Dots English Fun One specific food item may have multiple names. For example, pani-puri is known as puchka as well as gol gappe. Food Diversity 21 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 21 7/28/2023 3:51:35 PM

Lesson Types of Houses 12 Let Us Learn About R the different types of houses. u reasons for diversity in types of houses. a keeping our houses clean. h the effects of extreme weather on houses. Think We see different types of houses around us. What kind of house do you live in? Did your grandparents ever tell you what type of house they lived in? Remembering All of us need a place to live in. We live in houses. The houses in olden times were different from the ones we live in today. Earlier, human beings used to live in caves. Then, they learnt to build houses. They used mud, wood and leaves to build cave hut them. These houses are called kutcha houses. They are not strong enough to face heavy winds or rain. Example: hut 22 7/28/2023 3:51:37 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 22

As time went on, people learned to build pucca houses. These are built with bricks, cement, wood, iron rods, steel and stones. Pucca houses are stronger than kutcha houses. Example: bungalows and flats (apartments) bungalow apartments Understanding Houses vary from place to place. The types of houses found in any place depend on many factors. REASONS FOR DIVERSITY IN TYPES OF HOUSES 1 The climatic condition of the place: People make houses which suit the climate of that area. For example, in areas with heavy rainfall, houses have sloping roofs. The rain water can drain easily from such roofs. Stilt houses are also found in places of heavy rainfall. house with sloping roof They are commonly seen alongside rivers. These stilt house houses are made of bamboo. They are built at a height from the ground to prevent water from entering the house. In extremely cold regions, people build dome-shaped houses using blocks of snow. The dome shape helps to keep it warm inside. These houses are called igloos (snow houses). igloo Types of Houses 23 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 23 7/28/2023 3:51:39 PM

2 Lifestyles of the people: According to their lifestyles, people need different types of houses. In villages, people build houses to suit their farming needs. These houses may have some special areas such as cattle sheds, storage places for grains and so on. In cities, the lifestyle is different. multi-storeyed buildings village house So, people live in flats. Moreover, tents in cities, there is less land Tree houses are built available to build houses. So, caravan by the people living multi-storeyed buildings with in forests and jungles. many flats are common there. They give protection from wild animals. Some people nomads wander from place tree house to place in search of their livelihood. Building big houses They are called needs a lot of nomads. These money. Sometimes, people live in tents. people may not have enough money Groups of people travelling to build them. So, together use houses on they construct wheels called caravans. A smaller houses. caravan may be pulled by an animal, a car or a truck. You have learnt about some reasons We can find houseboats in houseboat behind the diversity in places having many lakes and houses. Do all people rivers. A houseboat is a boat have houses to live in? which is designed to be used as a home. people using public place There are some people who cannot afford to have as shelter houses. You must have seen homeless people. The roadside or any such public place becomes a house for them. We should be kind to them. 24 7/28/2023 3:51:43 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 24

Application You have learnt about the different types of houses. A house is necessary for all of us. We should take good care of it. HOW TO MAINTAIN OUR HOUSES 1) To be healthy, we need sunlight and fresh air inside our houses. So, we should keep windows open to let in sunlight and fresh air. 2) Our house should be free from dirt and dust. We should sweep and mop the floor daily. Walls should be kept clean. All the rooms should be kept neat and tidy. 3) Garbage should be thrown in the dustbin. Dustbins should be regularly emptied. 4) Dirty water should not be allowed to collect near the house. Otherwise, disease-causing mosquitoes will lay eggs in it. This will cause diseases. 5) The toilets, bathrooms and washbasins should be cleaned from time to time. This will prevent the growth of germs. Amazing Facts The tallest building in the world is in Dubai. Its name is Burj Khalifa. It has 163 floors above the ground. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Some extreme weather conditions can cause damage to houses. For example, heavy rain, powerful winds, shaking of the ground(earthquake) and so on. These may make people homeless. houses damaged due to extreme weather conditions Types of Houses 25 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 25 7/28/2023 3:51:45 PM

Have you ever heard of any such condition? temporary shelter (camp) old age home What happens when people lose their houses? They need to live in temporary shelters. They are taken care of by the government. What will happen to the animal shelters in such cases? Find out. SPECIAL HOMES orphanage Have you ever heard about orphanages? They are special shelters for children who have lost their parents and family. Old age home is another such special home. It is a shelter for old people who do not have anyone else to take care of them. Connect the Dots English Fun With the help of your parents, write the names of different materials used to build your house. 26 7/28/2023 3:51:46 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 26

Lesson 13 Travel with Family Do you enjoy travelling? Many people love travelling. They visit many new places when they go on tours. A tour is a journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited. Often, when we visit a new place, we do not know what to do there, what to eat or what clothes to wear. So, it is always a good idea to plan our tours. How to plan a tour? Below are the points to think about when you are planning a tour. What to plan? How to plan? Duration Decide upon the number of days for the trip and check if they overlap with your school days. Place Decide upon which place to visit. For example, people visit hill stations during summer. Mode of travel We must book tickets for cars, planes, trains or buses depending on Place to stay how we plan to travel. We must book a hotel or a place to stay at, beforehand. If we have any relatives or family friends there, we can stay with them too. Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 27 27 7/28/2023 3:51:48 PM

What to plan? How to plan? Things to pack We should pack light and well in advance. We should pack some important things, such as tickets, ID cards, medicines, toiletries (brush, toothpaste, comb), suitable clothes, etc. We may also carry a camera with us to record good memories from our trip. different modes things to be carried while packing for travel of transport When you are packing your things, how do you remember the important items that you might need on a trip? How can we ensure that we do not forget anything? But why do we travel? We have learnt how we can plan a tour. But why do people travel in the first place? People can travel for several reasons. Here are some common ones. 1) R efreshment: Everyone gets tired of leading life the same way every day, and they might need a break. 2) Visit extended family members: People might travelling for refreshment travel to spend special occasions or festivals with their family, or simply visit extended family members. 3) Gain knowledge: People might travel to learn celebrating festivals with about a place, its people and their culture. extended family members 4) Job: People might have to travel for business or for work. 5) Religious tours: Some people like to travel to places of religious significance. Golden Temple 28 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 28 7/28/2023 3:51:57 PM

Have you ever been on a trip to visit your extended family? Where? Did you know that many people like to engage in different adventures and activities when travelling? What kind of adventures and activities can we try while travelling? Many people visit new places for an adventure. Some might go camping or go on a hike or try mountaineering when touring a place. There are also several tourist places where one might participate in adventure sport activities, such as skydiving, rafting, paragliding and so on. Look at these pictures of skydiving rafting adventure sports. Although it sounds exciting, we must always be very careful when participating in adventure sports. • What kind of adventure sport would you like to try? • What kind of safety measures are needed for the particular activity? What do we need to remember when we decide to participate in adventure sports? Here are some of the important things to remember when you decide to participate in adventure sports. • Adventure sports can be really dangerous. • We should always wear safety gear and carry safety equipment. • They should never be done without supervision. • There is always a risk of serious injuries if done without the required guidance. Travel with Family 29 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 29 7/28/2023 3:51:59 PM

Reflection Time! 1) Who, in your family, takes the responsibility of packing your bags before you go on a trip? 2) What plans or checklists do you follow or have seen being followed when travelling? 3) Why do you think it is necessary that people travel together at times? 30 7/28/2023 3:51:59 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 30

Lesson Communication without 14 Speaking Have you seen a traffic policewoman on the road? How does she control the traffic? The traffic police use hand movements or blow a whistle to direct the traffic. They don’t say anything to control the traffic. gestures of traffic police What is communication? Human beings mostly use words or actions to share thoughts with each other. The process of sharing thoughts, ideas and feelings with others is called communication. Communication is mainly of two types: with words and without words. Communication with words involves speaking, reading and writing. Communication without words involves gestures and expressions. What are gestures and expressions? A gesture is a body movement that helps people to communicate without speaking. Some examples of gestures are: • Nodding your head to say ‘yes’. Shaking your head to say ‘no’. • Waving your hand to say ‘hello’. nod your shake your • Clapping your hands to appreciate something. head (yes) head (no) 31 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 31 7/28/2023 3:52:02 PM

An expression is a look on your face that shows a particular emotion. Read about some common expressions: • When we are happy, we have a smile on our face. • When a baby starts crying, the mother usually understands that it is hungry, sleepy or hurt. • When we are excited or shocked, we may widen our eyes or open our mouths wide. When we joke about something, we wink. • When we are surprised or don’t believe what we are hearing, we raise our eyebrows. winking What are some gestures or expressions you use often? Share three examples with your partner. Did you know gestures and expressions are also used in dance? mudras They are called ‘mudras’. Find out which dance forms use ‘mudras’. Many people cannot speak or hear. However, they can still communicate. They often use sign language to communicate. What is sign language? like OK dislike Sign language is used to communicate without using words. It is mainly used by people who have a speaking or hearing sign language disability. People communicate using gestures, combining hand shapes and with expressions on the face in sign language. Remember! We should not make fun of people who cannot speak or hear. We should always try to help them by using gestures and expressions while communicating. Reflection Time! 1) Have you watched cartoons like Tom and Jerry? They don’t have any dialogues. How do we understand the story? 2) How do we say that we are happy without using words? 32 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 32 7/28/2023 3:52:03 PM

Inside the Lab – C Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States India is a diverse country. It has so many cultures. Each state has its traditional cuisine. You will need: 2–3 sheets of paper, a pencil or pen You need to: 1) divide the students into groups so that each group has at least one student from a different state. Each group should have one sheet of paper. 2) ask the students to discuss and collect the information on the subsequent points. 3) ask him or her about a famous food of the state he or she belongs to. 4) ask him or her to note down its cuisines of different states recipe. 5) ask why it is famous. 6) ask what local ingredients are used to prepare it. 7) ask how it is suitable for the people of that state. 8) ask them to record their findings on a sheet like this. 9) ask them to paste a picture if they get one. Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 33 33 7/28/2023 3:52:03 PM

Name of the dish Dosa State Tamil Nadu Ingredients half cup urad dal (split black lentils) 1 cup raw rice (chawal) ghee for cooking Method of 1) Combine the urad dal and rice and soak it in enough preparation water for 4 hours. 2) Drain the urad dal and rice and blend in a mixer to form a smooth paste using approx. 1 cup of water. 3) Transfer the mixture to the same bowl; add salt and mix well. 4) Cover and ferment in a warm place for 12 hours. 5) Heat a non-stick tawa. 6) Pour a ladleful of the batter on it and spread it in a circular motion. Smear a little ghee over it and along the edges, and cook on a high flame till the dosa turns brown in colour and crisp. 7) Fold over to make a semi-circle or a roll. Reasons for it being It is easy to ferment batter in southern Indian climate. So, famous in Tamil Nadu dosa is famous in Tamil Nadu. Local Ingredients used rice Compare the recipes of different states with your classmates. Do you find different recipes using the same ingredients? 34 7/28/2023 3:52:03 PM Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 34

Activity C2: Make Your Script script You will need: two sheets of paper and a pencil or pen You need to: 1) write the letter of the alphabet from A – Z on the board. 2) suggest a symbol for each letter of the alphabet. Some suggestions are: @ $ <& 3) write a few sentences about yourself in English. 4) write them in the new script on a different paper. 5) exchange the new script papers with your partner. 6) decode those sentences and write them down in simple English. 7) interchange papers again. 8) check if your partner has correctly translated. Such coded languages are used in the army, navy and air force to share information between them. Code language helps them communicate without the information being known to common people. Inside the Lab – C 35 Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 35 7/28/2023 3:52:04 PM

Notes Hazelwood Science_G3_TB_Part2.indb 36 7/28/2023 3:52:04 PM