202110177-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G06-PART1

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 SESSION 1 PEACE AND HARMONY – READING 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Verb bloat roam become bigger walk or travel without and bigger aimlessly, especially (swell unpleasantly) over a wide area admire praise to have a high to say or write good opinion of; respect things about (someone or something) accompany approach to go somewhere to move or become with (someone) near to something or someone Adverb unanimously unitedly / with the agreement of all people involved UNIT 1 2

Noun LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY gymnastics property physical exercises objects or things owned by somebody woe harmony extreme sadness a state of living together peacefully supper an evening meal (especially an informal meal that you eat at home) 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This is a tale that emphasises the importance of living in peace and harmony. Long ago, in a forest, all the lived animals together in the spirit of unity. One day, a cunning jackal entered the forest and poisoned the minds of the innocent animals and turned them against each other. The animals became suspicious of one another and thus, became an easy prey for the jackal. Very soon, the animals lived in fear for their lives. The whole forest became sad and gloomy. Seeing this, the Moon descended as a sadhu and helped the animals to once again live together happily. To teach the jackal a lesson, the sadhu (the Moon) tricks the jackal into eating him. After eating the Moon, the jackal's stomach began grew bigger and bigger until it burst, thus killing the jackal. The Moon then advised all the animals in the forest to live in peace and harmony. The animals realising the importance of living harmoniously began to roam, sing and sleep in peace. They invited the moon and the stars for their cultural evenings. Self Assessment: How well did I read? Fill in the boxes using yes / somewhat / no I enjoyed reading the passage. I got the idea of the passage on my own. I got the idea with the help of my friends in the group. The teacher helped me to understand the passage. I used the glossary given at the end of the passage. UNIT 1 3

SESSION 2 PEACE AND HARMONY – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. How were the animals before the jackal joined them? Pick out the words, which describe their mood. A. Before the jackal joined them, the animals lived together in unity, helping each other. They roamed about the jungle and played together in the open fields without any fear. They often held musical evenings and invited the moon and the stars. The words ‘admired’, ‘enjoyed’, ‘tickled’, ‘played’, ‘danced’ and ‘sang’ describe their mood. Q2. What happened to the animals after the jackal came to the forest? A. After the jackal came to the forest, the animals became suspicious of one another. They started to build boundaries and fences around their properties. They moved about individually or with their own group. They did not help one another. Q3. What was the jackal’s plan? How did it succeed? A. The jackal’s plan was to create differences among the creatures in the forest, so that they would not help each other. He poisoned their minds by sowing the seeds of distrust, suspicion and jealousy among them. Soon, the animals started to put up boundaries and build fences around their properties. They moved about individually or with their own group. Q4. What did the animals do to check the jackal’s evil design? A. When the animals, insects and birds realised that the jackal was responsible for killing of animals, they held an emergency meeting. They unanimously decided to meet the sadhu and with plead him to kill the jackal. Q5. How was the Moon disguised? Why did he choose that form? A. The Moon disguised himself as a sadhu. He chose that form to gain the trust of the creatures in the forest and to teach the cunning jackal a lesson. Q6. Why did the sadhu ask the jackal to take him for his meal? Would you do the same if you were in his place? A. The sadhu asked the jackal to take him for his meal and spare the lives of the hens, so that he could teach the jackal a lesson. (write Yes, I would or No, I would not) do the same if I were in the sadhu’s place. Q7. What did the sadhu teach the animals in the forest? A. The sadhu taught the animals to live in peace and unity. with no fences around them. He wished that there was only trust and no animosity among them. UNIT 1 4

LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY Q8. Do you think the sadhu sacrificed his life for the sake of animals in the forest? Give reasons for your answer. A. (Write Yes, I think the sadhu sacrificed Or write No, I don’t think the sadhu sacrificed) his life for the sake of the animals in the forest. (Give reason for your choice) Q9. Read the following paragraph and analyse it in terms of cause and effect/ consequence. One has been done for you. The animals in the forest were friendly, so the jackal could not hunt and eat any one animal. The jackal then thought of a cruel plan and implemented it. The animals began to suspect each other as the jackal’s plan worked. Life in the forest became dull as there were no musical evenings. All the animals begged the sadhu for help, so he talked to the animals and the birds. However, the sadhu did not want to kill the jackal, but preferred to teach it a lesson. A. Cause Consequence All the animals in the forest were friendly. The jackal could not eat any animal. The jackal implemented his plan. The animals started suspecting each other There were no musical evenings. The forest became dull. The animals requested the sadhu for help. The sadhu talked to the animals and birds and solved their problem. Q11. Rearrange the following sentences in the order of their occurrence in the story. Then rewrite them into a meaningful coherent paragraph using appropriate linkers. 1. The animals and the birds requested the Moon to help them. 2. The moon came in the form of a sadhu. 3. The jackal created an unfriendly atmosphere. 4. The peace and harmony in the forest was disturbed. 5. The jackal entered the forest. 6. The peace and harmony in the forest was restored. 7. The jackal did not like this, so it killed the sadhu 8. The sadhu talked to everyone in the forest and tried to restore peace. 9. Every month they had a musical evening. 10.The animals and the birds began suspecting each other. 11.The animals and the birds were living happily together. 12.The stomach of the jackal bloated and then burst into pieces. A. The animals and the birds lived happily together. Every month, they had a musical evening. One day, a jackal entered the forest. He created an unfriendly atmosphere. The animals and the birds began suspecting each other. The peace and harmony in the forest was disturbed. Seeing this, the moon came in the form of a sadhu. As soon as the animals and the birds saw the sadhu, they requested him to help them. The sadhu talked to everyone in the forest and tried to restore peace. The jackal didn’t like this, so it killed the sadhu. After he ate the sadhu, the jackal's stomach bloated and then burst into pieces. After his death, peace and harmony was restored in the forest. UNIT 1 5

SESSION 3 PEACE AND HARMONY – VOCABULARY 3.1 Vocabulary I. Adjectives Read the following sentences from the story: They heard a soft voice. He was dirty and dangerous. It was easy for the jackal to hunt the smaller animals and birds. The jackal told the elephant, “You are the biggest animal in the forest.” He said to the peacock, “You are the loveliest bird in the forest.” The underlined words are called Adjectives. 1. They come either before or after a noun ( a tall boy ) 2. They take intensifiers like very, quite (a very tall boy) There are three degrees of comparison - Positive, Comparative and Superlative. Let us understand them. Read these sentences: 1. An orange is sweet. 2. An apple is sweeter than an orange. 3. A mango is the sweetest fruit. In sentence 1, the adjective sweet tells us that an orange has the quality of sweetness but does not tell us how much of this quality it has. In sentence 2, the adjective sweeter tells us that an apple has more of the quality of sweetness when compared to an orange. In sentence 3, the adjective sweetest tells us that of all the fruits, a mango has the greatest amount or the highest degree of the quality of sweetness. Thus we see that the Adjectives can change in form to show comparison - sweet, sweeter, sweetest). They are called Degrees of Comparison. Here are the three forms of a few adjectives: Positive Comparative Superlative dark darker darkest small smaller smallest near nearer nearest big bigger biggest lovely lovelier loveliest dirty dirtier dirtiest melodious more melodious most melodious UNIT 1 6

LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY Q1. Read the following paragraph carefully, underline all adjectives and write the other degrees of comparison for them. Yesterday we went for a picnic to Nehru Zoological Park, which is one of the biggest zoos in the country. The climate was cool and pleasant. We saw many animals, birds, reptiles etc. We also saw a very large elephant. After that, we saw a tall giraffe with a long neck. There were also some small birds which sang sweet songs. There was a beautiful peacock which danced majestically. We went very close to the brown cobra. We felt very happy. We reached home late in the evening. A. Positive Comparative Superlative big bigger biggest cool cooler coolest pleasant more pleasant most pleasant large larger largest tall taller tallest long longer longest small smaller sweet sweeter smallest beautiful more beautiful sweetest brown browner most beautiful happy happier brownest late later happiest dark darker last (position) dirty drtier latest (time) darkest dirtiest II. Opposites Read the following words. Each pair has one word and the ther wordis its opposite in meaning. big X small near X far dark X light open X close happy X unhappy start X stop large X small thick X thin live X die appear X disappear long X short common X uncommon UNIT 1 7

LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY Q1. Now fill in the blanks in the sentences given below with the word opposite in meaning to the one in bold letters. A. 1. The elephant’s eyes are small but its body is big. 2. The animals were happy in the beginning. After the jackal entered the forest, they became unhappy. 3. The giraffe’s neck is very long but its tail is short. 4. Mangoes are sweet but lemons are sour. 5. The coconut is a tall tree but the guava is a short tree. B. Similar in Meaning Q1. The following pair of words are similar in meaning. Pick out such pairs from the story you have just read. Word Word with similar meaning animals build creatures large construct small big, huge talk tiny cried speak woe sobbed talk sad called chat loveliest invited opportunity beautiful chance UNIT 1 8

SESSION 4 PEACE AND HARMONY – GRAMMAR 4.1 Grammar I. Degrees of Comparison:- Read the following sentences. The elephant is bigger than the donkey. The donkey is not so big as the elephant. In the above sentences the elephant and the donkey are compared with respect to their size. The words “big” and “bigger” are adjectives that are used to compare their size. Here is some information about a group of pupils in 6th class: Name of the Age in Years Height in Ft. Weight in Kgs. student 11 4.9 27 Harini 12 5.1 30 Seshagiri 12 4.8 28 10 4.5 24 Akhila 13 5.3 35 Bhaskar Raju 11 5.1 28 12 4.9 28 Siddu 13 4.5 27 Rajesh 12 5.1 30 Raghava 10 4.5 25 Vamshi Manoj Gopi Q1. Now make 20 sentences comparing the age, height and weight of the students as shown in the examples given below: Harini is as tall as Rajesh. Harini is not as heavy as Raghava. Harini is older than Gopi. Siddu is the heaviest boy in the group UNIT 1 9

LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY A. 1. Seshagiri is older than Bhaskar Raju. 2. Siddu is the tallest in the class. 3. Gopi is shorter than Manoj. 4. Rajesh is as heavy as Raghava. 5. Bhaskar Raju is younger than Siddu. 6. Akhila is as old as Seshagiri. 7. Bhaskar Raju is lighter than Siddu. 8. Manoj is taller than Raghava. 9. Harini is younger than Vamsi. 10. Vamshi is shorter than Raghava. 11. Seshagiri is heavier than Gopi. 12. Akhila is heavier than Bhaskar Raju. 13. Vamshi is older than Raghava. 14. Rajesh is younger than Siddu. 15. Siddu is heavier than Rajesh. 16. Raghava is as old as Akhila. 17. Seshagiri is as tall as Rajesh. 18. Rajesh is as old as Harini. 19. Gopi is lighter than Raghava. 20. Vamshi is shorter than Rajesh. II. Adverbs Look at the following sentences paying special attention to the underlined words. The tiny ants, which were always busy, tickled the dark buffaloes. They often held musical evenings in a large open field. The underlined words are adverbs, which tell us how often something happens. They are called adverbs of frequency. Read the following passage and underline the adverbs of frequency. Shekar is a busy taxi driver. He never finds time to read books. He often takes food outside. He reaches home early in the evening. But he seldom goes to bed early. So his children always ask him for a bed time story. Sometimes he takes his children to picnics and buys toys and gifts. UNIT 1 10

LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY Look at the conversation between two friends, Murthy and Krishna. Q2. Fill in the blanks with always, never, often, seldom, sometimes. A. : Do you like to watch films? Murthy Krishna : Yes, very much. I always watch films, a film a day. How about you? Murthy : I like films too. But I sometimes watch films, not always. Krishna : How often do you watch films? Murthy : Once or twice a month. Krishna : Oh, that’s fine. Have you watched Sri Ramarajyam? Murthy : No, I haven’t. I’ll watch it next month. How often does your wife watch Krishna films? : She seldom watches films. She watched one 10 years ago. UNIT 1 11

SESSION 5 PEACE AND HARMONY – WRITING 5.1 Writing Q. Here is an invitation card from the animals about a musical programme in the forest. Read it carefully. Suppose you are planning to conduct a cultural programme in your school on the occasion of your School Anniversary. Design an invitation card. You may use the model given above. A. UNIT 1 12

LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY How well did I write? Fill in the boxes using yes/ somewhat/ no. I was able to explain / describe / narrate well. The sentences I used were properly connected. I was able to express my ideas in apt words. The ideas were arranged in proper sequence. I used proper punctuation marks. How well did I edit my work? Fill in the boxes using yes/ somewhat/ no. I deleted the excess words. I corrected the wrong forms of words. I corrected the punctuation errors. I added new words wherever necessary. I corrected the misspelt words. Q. Read below how the Peacock, the organiser compered the whole programme in the the Greenwood Forest. Dear Mr Moon, Stars and dear Friends, I welcome you all to the Peace and Harmony Programme organised in the Green wood Forest. As you’re aware, we have with us Mr Moon and Stars as our guests of honour. On behalf of our animal kingdom, and on my behalf, I thank them for sparing some of their valuable time for us. I’d request Mr Moon to say a few words on this occasion. (Mr Moon says a few words) Mr Moon sir, ......... Thank you sir, for saying very kind words for us. Now I will begin our cultural programme with a dance item called “Made for Each Other”. This will be presented by Elephant and Deer. (Dance item by Elephant and Deer) I’m sure you have liked the item. The next item in our programme is a song called “Victory over the Jackal.” This will be sung by Parrots and Mynahs. (A song by Parrots and Mynahs) How was the song? Did you like it? Now you will see the gymnastic show called ‘Health Tips for All Animals’. This will be presented by Tiger and Deer. (Gymnastic show by Tiger and Deer) I am sure you have enjoyed the show. Now you will see a skit called ‘Fine Fur of Rabbit’. It will be presented by Cuckoo and Friends. (Skit by Cuckoo and friends) UNIT 1 13

LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY Now I invite the Wild Buffalo, the President of the animal kingdom to propose a vote of thanks. (Vote of thanks by Wild Buffalo) Finally, I invite you all to have a mouthful of juice before you leave. Q. Imagine that you are the Cultural Secretary of your school. You have been asked to compere the programme on the School Anniversary day. Prepare your script and then give a mock performance before your group. A. You: Respected Headmaster ZPH School, Lakshmapeta, our guests of honour Sri.K.S. Lalith, Smt.M. Priyanka, dear teachers, parents and friends. I welcome you all to our School Anniversary programme organised at ZPH School, Lakshmapeta. As all of you know, we have with us, Sri. K.S.Lalith, our village sarpanch and Smt.M.Priyanka, our MEO as our guests of honour on behalf of our school. I thank them for sparing some of their valuable time for us. I would request Sri. K.S.Lalith sir to say a few words on this occasion. You: Sri.Lalith sir. . . You: Thank you sir, for saying your valuable and very kind words for us. Now let us begin our cultural programme with a Bharatanatyam dance by Kum. Sowjanya of VI A. (Bharatanatyam dance by Kum. Sowjanya of IV D I’m sure you all have enjoyed the lovely dance. The next item in our programme is a song - Endaro Mahanubhavulu by Master Teja, VIII B. (Song by Master Teja, VIII B) How was the song? Did you like it? Now you will see the Gymnastic Yoga show This will be presented by Students of Class VII & IX. (Yoga Asanas by Students of Class VII & IX I am sure you have enjoyed the show. Now you will see a skit called ‘Navvukundam Randi’. This is being presented by by Students of Class VIII & X. (Skit by by Students of Class VIII & X Now I invite Master K. Vivek, our school captain and student of XA to propose a vote of thanks. (Vote of thanks by K. Vivek, X A) UNIT 1 14

SESSION 6 PEACE AND HARMONY – STUDY AND LISTENING 6.1 Study and Listening Study Skills I. Read the following Table of Contents of a book: Unit No Lesson Page No. Unit 1 1 Unit 2 : Dolphins Olympic 9 : Games The Swing Unit 3 19 Unit 4 (Poem) 24 Unit 5 : Hovercrafts 32 Unit 6 : Vikram Sarabhai 38 Unit 7 Unit 8 Trees( Poem) 47 52 Unit 9 : Fossils Crocodiles Unit 10 : Four Chairs (poem) 62 68 : Kites : Habits Mosquito (poem) : Fingerprints : An Act of Bravery I Wonder (Poem) Q1. Fill in the blanks with the information in the Table of Contents given above. A. 1. “Fossils” is found on page ___32__. 2. If you want to know about crocodiles you must turn to page ___38____. 3. “Mosquito” is found in Unit ___8___. 4. The Unit 7: “Kites” is found from page ___47___ to ___51__. 5. Unit 4 talks about __Vikram Sarabhai___. UNIT 1 15

LESSON 1-PEACE AND HARMONY Listening Skills Listen to the story “The Friendly Mongoose” and answer the following questions: Q1. Which character do you like the most in the story? Why? A. I like the character of the mongoose in the story because it saves the life of the child by killing the snake. It even sacrificed its own life in the end. Q2. Do you think the mongoose would have bitten the child? A. No, I don't think the mongoose would have bitten the child. Q3. Is the woman right in killing the mongoose? What would you have done? A. No, the woman is not right in killing the mongoose. If I had been in her place, I would have (write what you would have done.) Q4. Why did the husband go to fields leaving the child to the mongoose? A. The husband had nothing to do in the house. So, he decided to take a look at his fields not far away. Q5. Why do you think the mongoose killed the snake? A. I think the mongoose killed the snake to save the little child from its bite. Q6. Suggest one word that describes the character of the mongoose in the story. A. Faithful. Q7. Is it a good idea to have a mongoose as a pet? Give reasons. A. Yes, it is a good idea to have a mongoose as pet. In the above story, the mongoose, not only was a good pet but also saved the life of the child by killing the snake. UNIT 1 16

SESSION 7 I WANT PEACE – READING 7.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun grace sorrow goodwill sadness Verb worry be anxious. 7.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary The big and round earth talks about the people living on her surface. She hears the cries of people who are being killed. She wonders if there will ever be peace. She wants to help the poor. She says that she can feel the sorrow and pain of the people. She worries about the future of the people living on her surface. She says that she understands the problems of the people. Earth is very selfless and thinks more about her people than about herself. She prays for all people. She dreams about her past when there was peace everywhere. She tries to handle her sorrow and hopes that she won’t be destroyed by the actions of the selfish people living on her. Self–Assessment Fill in the boxes using yes/ somewhat/ no. I enjoyed reading the poem. I got the idea of the poem on my own. I got the idea with the help of my friends in the group. The teacher helped me to understand the poem. I used the glossary given at the end of the poem. UNIT 1 17

SESSION 8 I AM EARTH; I WANT PEACE – LITERATURE 8.1 Literature - QA Q1. What does the earth wish to have and why? A. People on the earth are being killed and crying out for help. So, the earth wishes to have peace all over the world. She wants peace and harmony for the people living on her, so that they don’t fight with each other and will also save her from destruction. Q2. “I am big and round.” What do you think is suggested by the repetition of this line? A. By repeating the line, I am big and round, the poet conveys that the earth is big enough for all people. So they can live peacefully and need not fight with each other. By 'round' the poet means the earth is content and self–satisfied. Q3. Was the e arth happy or sorrowful? Give reasons for our opinion. A. I think the earth was sorrowful as she saw all the people living on her, facing all kinds of problems. There was no peace amidst the people and they were being killed by their own kind. She worries about the future of the people. UNIT 1 18

SESSION 9 GRAND CONTEST IN THE FOREST – READING 9.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Verb trill coo to make repeated to make a soft short high sounds low sound tinkle tumble to make sounds to fall downwards like the sounds of a small bell scamper to move quickly glow with short light to shine steps marvelled bloom to be very to produce surprised or flowers impressed by something 19 abound to be found in large numbers or amounts UNIT 1

Noun LESSON 3-GRAND CONTEST IN THE FOREST laburnum palash a small tree with a small tree with bunches of yellow red flowers, flowers hanging supposed to be down sacred radiance ablaze quality of full of bright being bright colours or lights despair the feeling of gulmohar having lost all red and yellow hope flowering tree, popularly known as Adjective the Flame of The Forest turquoise a bluish green colour emerald bright green in colour hollow having an empty balmy space on the inside warm and pleasant (of the air, weather, UNIT 1 etc.) 20

Adjective LESSON 3-GRAND CONTEST IN THE FOREST grave sparkling requiring or causing bright serious thought 9.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary It was the Great Day contest. All the animals, birds and trees of the forest would have to give their best to the Great One who will be visiting the forest, who would choose the best among them. All the animals and trees are excited and began to prepare for the grand contest, except for a little grey squirrel, who was sad as he neither had the beauty nor the talent that the other creatures had. When the Great One arrived, all the animals offered grand gifts like colourful flowers, fresh fruits, tasty honey and beautiful songs. The grey squirrel humbly offered all the seeds and nuts that he collected. He was sad that he did not have anything better to offer to the Great One. The Great One thought about all the gifts that she received. She did not choose any of the grand or beautiful gifts. Instead she gave the prize to the little grey squirrel. She explained to the animals that if the seeds are sown, new trees will grow and will bear more fruit. She tells the animals that their gifts are temporary but the squirrel’s gift was 'a gift not only for today but also for all our tomorrows'. All the creatures were very impressed with the squirrel's gift and cheered him. UNIT 1 21

SESSION 10 GRAND CONTEST IN THE FOREST – LITERATURE 10.1 Literature - QA Q1. “There was excitement in the air.” Why? A. Preparations for the Great Day were going on. All the animals, birds and trees of the forest would have to give their best to the Great One who will be visiting the forest, who would choose the best among them. So, there was excitement in the air. Q2. Who will sing a song? A. The lark will sing a song. Q3. How was the squirrel? Why? A. The squirrel was in despair because he thought he had nothing special to offer to the Great One. He was sad as he neither had the beauty nor the talent that the other creatures had to offer to the Great One, Q4. Who was the winner of the contest? A. The little grey squirrel was the winner of the contest. Q5. Why did the Great One give prize to the squirrel? A. The squirrel offered nuts and seeds of different trees that he gathered. When the Great One saw his gift, she gave the prize to the grey squirrel. She explained to the animals that if the seeds are sown, new trees will grow and will bear more fruit. She tells the animals that their gifts are temporary but the squirrel’s gift was 'a gift not only for today but also for all tomorrows'. Q6. If you were the judge, who would get the prize? Why? Give reasons for your answer. A. If I were the judge, the little grey squirrel would get the prize because the gift offered by him represented not just the present but also the future. UNIT 1 22

­­­­­­­­­­ CCE Based Practice Questions ­­­­­­­­­­ Chapter-1: PEACE AND HARMONY Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 1 1. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Once upon a time, there was a poor traveller. He had no money and was wandering in the streets of Ak-Shehir. He only had dry pieces of bread in his pocket. He passed an eating-house serving meatballs. He took the dry pieces of bread from his pocket and held it over a pot containing meatballs and ate the dry bread. Looking at this, the eating-house owner took the poor traveller to court demanding money for smelling the meatballs without paying him. Naseeruddin Hodja, the judge, gave the owner imaginary money by jingling coins against his ears and said that the sound of money was a fair payment for the smell of the food. By doing so, Naseeruddin cleverly helped the poor traveller and allowed him to continue his journey. I. Choose the correct option and write in the brackets. 1. What kind of a man was the traveller? [ ] A. rich and clever B. poor and had no money C. cruel and humorous D. wealthy and wise 2. The traveller had dry pieces of ______ in his pocket. [] A. bread B. fruit C. vegetables D. food II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. 3. What was the eating­house serving? 4. Name the three characters in the passage. 5. Where did the eating­house owner take the traveller to? 6. What was the judgment pronounced by Naseeruddin Hodja? Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passages) Session 2 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Now it was easy for the jackal to hunt the smaller animals and the birds. And when the smaller ones cried out for help, no one came to help them. One by one, the little ones disappeared. The forest slept as the animals were afraid. There were no more musical evenings. The Moon was sad, he cried. UNIT 1 23

PEACE AND HARMONY a. What does the phrase 'little ones' stand for? b. Why did no one come to help the little ones? c. Where did the little ones disappear one by one? d. Where does the story take place? e. Why did the Moon cry? II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Once upon a time, in a very thick forest there lived many animals, birds, snakes and insects. They all lived together happily. They roamed about the jungle, and played together in the open fields without any fear. The peacocks were very proud of their dances but admired the melodious songs of the cuckoos. The elephants enjoyed watching the fish swimming in the pool. The pythons which were blessed with long bodies, spoke well of the fine fur of the flat- footed rabbits. The tiny ants, which were always busy, tickled the dark buffaloes. a. How did the animals, birds, snakes and insects live? b. What did the tiny ants do? c. What did the elephants enjoy? d. Whom did the peacocks admire? e. Which creature is blessed with long bodies? III. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. But the jackal was very angry with what the sadhu was doing. He did not want the animals to live in peace and harmony. So he was waiting for an opportunity to attack the sadhu. One day, the animals, insects and birds held and emergency meeting and they unanimously decided to approach the sadhu and pleaded with him to kill the jackal. The sadhu said,\" I will not kill the jackal but will help you in a different way.\" a. Why was the jackal angry with the sadhu? b. What was the jackal waiting for? c. Who held an emergency meeting in the forest? UNIT 1 24

PEACE AND HARMONY d. What did they plead with the sadhu? e. Did the sadhu agree to kill the jackal? IV. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. The Moon thought for a while and decided to come down among the animals and the birds as a sadhu. As soon as the sadhu appeared in the forest, the animals and the birds approached him to narrate their tales of woe. They cried, sobbed and blamed each other for disturbing the peace in the forest. And the sadhu listened to them. a. Why do you think the moon came down? b. Who was responsible for disturbing the peace? c. How did the Moon come down among the animals and the birds? d. What did Moon finally decide to do? e. Why did the animals and the birds approach the sadhu? V. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. One day a jackal entered the forest. He was dirty, dangerous and very cunning, too. He told the elephants, \"You are the biggest animals in the forest. Why do you want to play with the squirrels and the rabbits?\" He poisoned the minds of the peacocks saying, \"You are the loveliest birds in the forest. Why do you want to praise the mynahs?\" The jackal then approached the deer and whispered that the tiger was waiting for a chance to kill them. a. Why do you think the moon came down? b. Who was responsible for disturbing the peace? c. How did the Moon come down among the animals and the birds? d. What did Moon finally decide to do? e. Why did the animals and the birds approach the sadhu? UNIT 1 25

Vocabulary Session 3 I. Tick (9) the words that are similar in meaning to the underlined words. 1. As soon as the sadhu appeared in the forest, the animals and birds approached him to (1) narrate their tales of (2) woe. (i) A. ask B. tell C. cry [] (ii) A. sadness B. confusion C. anger [] 2. The peacocks were very (1) proud of their dances but (2) admired the melodious songs of the cuckoo. (i) A. simple B. angry C. vain [] (ii) A. hated B. praised C. stole [] 3. He did not want the animals to live in peace and (1) harmony. So he was waiting for an (2) opportunity to harm the sadhu. (i) A. unity B. kindness C. destruction [] (ii) A. method B. path C. chance [] 4. They (1) roamed about the (2) jungle, and played together in the open fields without fear. (i) A. got lost B. wandered C. travelled [] (ii) A. grasslands B. fields C. forest [] 5. Now they started to put up (1) boundaries and (2) build fences around their properties. (i) A. musical stage B. race tracks C. dividing lines [] (ii) A. construct B. take C. destroy [] II. Tick (9) the words that are opposite in meaning to the underlined words. 1. One day a jackal (i) entered the forest. He was (ii) dirty, dangerous and very cunning. (i) A. left B. went C. came [] (ii) A. messy B. clean C. unwashed [] 2. Now it was (i) easy for the jackal to hunt the (ii) smaller animals and birds. (i) A. kind B. difficult C. honest [] (ii) A. larger B. tinier C. minimum [] UNIT 1 26

PEACE AND HARMONY 3. They cried, sobbed and blamed each other for (i) disturbing the (ii) peace in the forest. (i) A. destroying B. calming C. breaking [] (ii) A. order B. freedom C. noise [] 4. When they looked up at the sky, they saw the Moon (i) shining brilliantly, spreading milky (ii) brightness over the Earth. (i) A. hanging B. falling C. dull [] (ii) A. heavy B. darkness C. light [] 5. The peacocks were very (i) proud of their dances but admired the (ii) melodious songs of the cuckoo. (i) A. sad B. ashamed C. angry [] (ii) A. harsh B. dirty C. unmelodious [] 6. They (i) often held musical evenings in the (ii) large open fields. (i) A. rarely B. difficult C. frequently [] (ii) A. large B. closed C. small [] 7. The (i) tiny ants which were (ii) always busy, tickled the dark buffaloes. (i) A. little B. big C. short [] (ii) A. very B. forever C. never [] III. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets. 1. But the jackal was very (anger) with what the sadhu was (do). 2. Many animals, birds and insects live in (peaceful) and (harmonious). (culture) programmes. 3. They (invitation) the Moon and the stars to their 4. Everyone had something (beauty) or (wonder) to offer to the Great One. 5. The elephants (enjoyment) watching the fish (swim) in the pool. 6. \"I'll shine like (sparkle) sun-shine,\" said the laburnum. \"My flowers will look like (gold) raindrops.\" 7. The next day everyone was (readiness). The air became soft and (balm). 8. (gradual) all the animals began (suspect) one another . 9. He took the sadhu to (lone) place, (tear) him into pieces and ate him up. 10. When they looked up at the sky, they saw the Moon shining (brilliance) spreading milky (bright) over the Earth. UNIT 1 27

PEACE AND HARMONY IV. Complete the following words using ai, ie, ea, ui, oo, ou, au, ia, ea, oi, oa, etc. 1. i. pr__d ii. melodi__s 2. i. p__l ii. hon__r 3. i. buffal__s ii. lab__r 4. i. g__d ii. app__nted 5. i. appr__ched ii. r__med 6. i. disapp__nted ii. c__nt 7. i. bl__t ii. ar__nd 8. i. b__lt ii. fr__nd 9. i. pr__se ii. w__ting 10. i. marr__ge ii. brill__nt V. Complete the following words with the letters given in the brackets. 1. harm____ (ony / any) 2. differ____ (ant / ent) 3. near____ (ast / est) 4. enjoy____ (mant / ment) 5. invita___ (sion / tion) 6. emerg____ (incy / ency) 7. narra____ (tion / shen) 8. bright_____ (nes / ness) 9. help_____ (full / ful) 10. melod____ (eaus / ious) 11. surp_____ (rise / rice) 12. proper____ (tees / ties) VI. Find the word which is wrongly spelt. Rewrite it in the space provided 1. acompanied, common, viper, harmony () 2. thik, proud, pool, rabbits () 3. tickled, squirel, swimming, peacock () 4. approached, geusts, whispered, chance () 5. boundaries, proparties, individual, suspect () 6. little, forest, music, disapair () 7. decide, narate, blamed, listen () 8. distrub, python, attack, chicks () VII. Arrange the following sets of word under the correct headings. 1. lily, onion, tomato, lotus Flowers Vegetables 1. 1. 2. 2. UNIT 1 28

PEACE AND HARMONY 2. Peacock, Cheetah, Deer, Lark Birds 1. Animals 2. 1. 2. 3. Sadhu, Duster, Television, Gardener Person Things 1. 1. 2. 2. 4. bridegroom, gatekeeper, furniture, food Things People 1. 1. 2. 2. 5. editor, mason, park, clinic Places Persons 1. 1. 2. 2. 6. forest, museum, electrician, plumber Persons Places 1. 1 2. 2. VIII. Write the other Degrees of Comparisons for the following words. Positive Comparative Superlative 1. lovely 2. most melodious 3. near dirtier 4. 5. beauty UNIT 1 29

PEACE AND HARMONY IX. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in the box. 1. peace and harmony, opportunity, happiness But the jackal was very angry with what the sadhu was doing. He did not want the animals to live in So, he was waiting for an to attack the sadhu. 2. unanimously, an emergency, urgent One day, the animals, insects and birds held meeting and they decided to approach the sadhu and pleaded with him to kill the jackal. 3. biggest, pleasant, surprise Yesterday, we went for a picnic to Nehru Zoological Park which is one of zoos in the country. The climate was cool and . 4. beautiful, majestically, sweetly There was a peacock which danced in the zoo. Grammar Session 4 I. Complete the statements with the comparative form of the adjectives given below. 1. Vicky is (quick) at basketball than Nikhil. 2. Today the weather is (warm) than yesterday’s. 3. Gel pens are (durable) than ballpoint pens. 4. Yesterday’s party was (enjoyable) than the one before. 5. We both played well, but she was (lucky) than me. II. Make sentences with the comparative / superlative degrees of the adjectives given below: 1. interest - (comparative) A. UNIT 1 30

PEACE AND HARMONY 2. popular - (comparative) A. 3. fast - (superlative) A. 4. bad - (superlative) A. 5. narrow - (comparative) A. III. Complete the passage choosing the right word from those given below it. This story is about(1) ____ ___jackal and how it tricked a tiger into saving(2)_______ innocent farmer. After opening the cage, the tiger wanted to eat the farmer. When the farmer called the tiger cruel, the tiger said (3)________ man is cruel, not tigers. They first approached a horse who said that man was cruel. Then they approached a jackal. The jackal(4)________ clever and wanted to save the innocent farmer, so he asked the tiger to show how the (5)________ had opened the cage and released him. To show that, the tiger went into the cage and the jackal shut the cage and saved the farmer from getting eaten up. 1. A. the B. an C. of D. a 2. A. a B. the C. an D. its 3. A. which B. who C. whom D. that 4. A. were B. is C. was D. which 5. A. farmer B. jackal C. tiger D. horse IV. Complete the passage choosing the right word from those given below it. James was born (1) ____a fisherman’s family in a small village in Goa. He (2) ___out in a boat every day and caught fish. He often went far (3) ___ the sea and came back only in the evening. One day, he (4) ___ a big fish. The fish said, “Please leave me and put me back into the sea.” James thought for a moment and he (5) ____ the fish back into the sea. The fish was thankful to James and blessed him with riches. 1. A. on B. of C. in D. at 2. A. went B. go C. gone D. comes 3. A. on B. into D. of 4. A. bought B. catches C. to D. caught 5. A. through B. threw C. catch D. throws C. throw UNIT 1 31

PEACE AND HARMONY V. Complete the sentences using the correct adverbs of frequency. 1. Raghu is a teacher. He reaches home early. And he goes to bed early. (never / seldom/ always) takes me to picnics and buys me gifts. 2. Even though my father is a busy man, he (always / sometimes / seldom) 3. Sekhar is a busy taxi driver. He finds time to read books. (always / never / often) 4. Sreedevi watches films. She watched one film ten years ago. (sometimes / often / seldom) 5. My father travels on business. So, he takes food outside. (never / seldom / often) VI. Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1. He advised the eagle not to attack the litte chicks. 2. They heard a strange noise. 3. The tiger and the bear exhibited gymnastics. 4. The animals, insects and birds held an emergency meeting. 5. I will not kill the jackal. VII. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. 1. The jackal said to the peacocks, \"You are the loveliest birds in the forest.\". 2. The sadhu said to them,\"I will not kill the jackal but I will help you in a different way.\" 3. The sadhu said to the jackal, \"Take me today for your meal.\". VIII. Rewrite the following sentences into a single sentence using \"who\". 1. The jackal had been waiting for this opportunity. He dragged the sadhu into the jungle. 2. The sadhu had been lodging nearby. He came out of his hut to speak to the jackal. UNIT 1 32

Creative Writing PEACE AND HARMONY Session 5 I. Design an invitation card inviting your friends and their families for the birthday party of your sister who is turning six years old. Hints: birthday invite Sunita is - celebrating her 6th birthday - you are invited - Saturday April 4th 4-7 pm - our house. II. You are celebrating Science and technology Day in your school. For this celebration, you are having an interaction with an eminent scientist whom you have invited. Write a script for compering the event using the clues given below. (Invite the dignitaries onto the stage, invite each of them to speak, invite the chief guest to inaugurate the model exhibition, thank them all for participating and making the event successful). III. Read the passage below and analyse it in terms if cause and consequence. One has been done for you. Once there was a small boy named Shankar. He belonged to a poor family. One day, he was passing through the forest carrying some wood. He saw an old man who was very hungry. Shankar wanted to give him some food, but he did not have food with him. On his way, he saw a deer that was very thirsty. He wanted to give him some water but he did not have water for himself. So he went on his way ahead. Then he saw a man who wanted to make a camp fire but he did not have wood. Shankar asked his problem and gave him some wood for the fire. In return, the man gave him some food and water. Now, he went back to the old man and gave him some food and gave some water to the deer. The old man and the deer were very happy. Shankar then happily returned. Cause Consequence Shankar belonged to a poor family. He had no food to share with the old man. Shankar gave the man some firewood The old man and the deer were saved. IV. You visited the Nehru Zoological Park with your teachers You saw animals and enjoyed the day very much. Write a diary entry about it. V. After the death of cunning jackal, the Moon meets a little star and tells his experience on Earth. Write the conversation between the Moon and the Star. UNIT 1 33

I WANT PEACE Chapter-2. I WANT PEACE Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 6 1. Read the poem to answer the questions. The hills and mountains are inviting, The forests and valleys are amazing, I wish I could live here forever, Or come often to sit by the gushing river. Nature’s beauty isn’t temporary, It lasts forever and calms when I am weary, I admire all this and forget my worries, When everyone just runs and hurries. I. Answer the following questions choosing the right option. [] 1. In the poem, how are the forests and the valleys described as? A. gushing B. weary C. inviting D. amazing II. Answer the following questions. 2. What does the poet admire? 3. Write down some of the pairs of rhyming words. Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passage) Session 7 I. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follow. 34 I am big and round, I wonder if there will be peace, I hear the sound of people who are being killed, I see the people crying for life I want to help the poor people. a. Who is 'I' in these lines? b. What does the speaker support in this poem? c. Whom does the speaker want to help? d. Where are the people being killed? e. What does the speaker hear? UNIT 1

I WANT PEACE II. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follow. I am big and round, I feel the weight of sorrow upon me, I touch the feelings of the people, I worry about the future of the people on me, I cry for help from God. a. What is the weight the speaker bears? b. What does the speaker worry about? c. What do you understand from the word 'touch' here? d. Who does the speaker seek help from? e. What does the speaker feel? Why? III. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follow. I am big and round, I understand the problems of the people on me, I say grace for all people, I dream about my past, I try to handle my sorrow, I hope I won't be destroyed, I am big and round. a. What does the speaker try to handle? b. Write two factors that are destroying the speaker? c. What do you understand from the phrase 'say grace' here? d. Why do you think the line 'I am big and round' is repeated? e. What does the Earth wish to be? Why? UNIT 1 35

Chapter-3. GRAND CONTEST IN THE FOREST Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 8 1. Read the passage and answer the questions. Mohan’s grandparents are old. They live on their farm in a village called Mayurpur. They are happy. The village is small with only about a hundred villagers as residents. They are mainly farmers. Mohan’s grandfather said to him, “I am the oldest person in this village. I know others very well. You must come here once in a year at least and spend some time with us.” Mohan smiled and said, “Yes, grandpa. I am happy with you all here. I love you all. I like the greenery and open fields here and the hills look beautiful. So, I will keep coming.” I. Choose the correct option and write in the brackets. 1. Mohan’s grandparents were _____________. [ ] D. cruel A. rich B. old C. poor 2. Where did they live? [ ] D. village A. own B. foreign C. city II. Answer the following questions. 3. Describe the village and the people living in it. 4. How often did Mohan’s grandfather ask him to come to the village and why? 5. What does Mohan like in the village? 6. Did Mohan agree to visit his grandparents? Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passage) Session 9 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. The elephant said,\"I'll get the best fruit, so fresh it would still be on the branches...and lay them at his feet.\" Everyone had something beautiful or wonderful to offer on the great day. Everyone, except a little grey squirrel, who talked sadly to himself, \"What does a little grey squirrel with black stripes have to offer?\" The palash said, \"The forest will be ablaze with my beauty. Though late, I'll save some flowers.\" \"And though early, I'll make some flowers bloom,\" snapped the gulmohar. a. What did the little squirrel talk to himself? b. What did the gulmohar snap? c. \"lay them at his feet\"....Whose feet are being talked about here? UNIT 1 36

GRAND CONTEST IN THE FOREST d. How did the palash show his ability? e. What did the animals and and trees want to do to prove themselves? II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. There was excitement in the air. There was going to be a grand contest. Everyone should show so-mething special, and the best one would be praised by the Lords of Fire, Wind, Water and Sun... The animals and trees began preparations. \"I'll shine like sparkling sun-shine,\" said the laburnum. \"My flowers will look like golden raindrops.\" The gulmohar said, \"I'll dress myself so that I look like the early morning sun- golden red, spreading radiance.\" a. Why were all the animals, birds and trees excited? b. Who would be praised and by whom? c. What would the flowers of the laburnum look like? d. How would the gulmohar look if she dressed herself properly? e. What did the laburnum and the gulmohar compare their flowers to? III. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. The beautiful trees and creatures had started competing and fighting. \"My mangoes are ready,\" announced the mango tree. The peacock said, \"Emeralds and turquoises are my feathers.\" The lark trilled, \"I'll sing a song, beautiful and moving...\" The dove cooed, saying the Great One would love her soft notes. Gifts and beauty abound, thought the squirrel in despair. He thought and thought. \"But I will do what I can do best.\" he decided. He found hollow branches and filled them with as many nuts and seeds of different trees as he could find. a. What did the peacock say? 37 b. What was the fighting about? c. Why was the squirrel in despair? d. What did the dove coo? e. What did the little squirrel decide to do finally? UNIT 1

GRAND CONTEST IN THE FOREST Data Interpretation Session 10 I. Study the following table to answer the questions given below. 1. How many chapters are there in the above book in total? 38 A. 2. Which chapter starts on page eight? A. 3. How many pages long is the chapter ‘Leaves in Spring’? A. 4. Which page does the chapter “Tree Parts” start from? A. 5. How many seasons are mentioned in the contents? A. UNIT 1

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 SESSION 1 WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? – READING 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun miracle chemist a wonderful event that a person who is seems impossible and qualified to prepare that is believed to be and sell medicines caused by god neurosurgeon a doctor who performs operations on the nervous system, especially on the brain Verb afford have enough whisper money to pay for murmur / to speak very softly to somebody so that people cannot hear what you are saying well [up] to rise to a surface and flow out — usually + up UNIT 3 39

LESSON 1-WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? Adjective audible sick loud enough suffering from an to be heard illness; not well exact completely correct 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary Eight–year–ol girl named Tess' little brother Andrew was very sick. Her parents did not have enough money to pay for his surgery. One day, she heard her father say that ‘only a miracle’ can save Andrew. Upon hearing this, Tess took out all the money that had been saving in her jar. She then carefully counted the coins and went to the medical store with her jar of money. There, she told the chemist that she wanted to buy a miracle for her sick brother. The chemist replied that they don’t sell miracles. A customer at the shop, heard Tess’ words and asked her what kind of miracle she needed. She told him that she had brought her savings of one dollar and eleven cents, to buy a miracle for her brother as her parents did not have enough money to pay for his surgery. The customer was touched by her love and determination to save her brother. He smiled, took her money and told her that it was the exact price of a miracle. This man was none other than Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a famous neurosurgeon. He operated on Andrew without any charges. Within a few weeks, Andrew got better. When her mother wondered about how Andrew was operated miraculously and how much it would have cost, Tess knew exactly how much the miracle cost - one dollar and eleven cents, plus the love of a little child. Self–assessment How well did I read? Fill in the boxes using yes/ somewhat/ no. I enjoyed reading the passage. I got the idea of the passage on my own. I got the idea with the help of my friends in the group. The teacher helped me to understand the passage. I used the glossary given at the end of the passage. UNIT 3 40

SESSION 2 WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. Do you think Tess can buy the miracle with her savings? Why? A. I don’t think Tess can buy the miracle with her savings because it is not a medicine that one can pick up over the counter. Q2. Why does the mother say that the surgery was a real miracle? A. Tess’s parents lost hope and had given up their efforts of saving Andrew’s life. They thought that Andrew might die because they had no money to cure that boy his illness. So, Tess’ mother believes that the surgery was a real miracle. Q3. What did the little girl understand by the word ‘miracle’? A. The girl understood that ‘miracle’ was a kind of medicine that could be available at any medical store and can be purchased. Q4. What kind of a man was Dr Armstrong? A. Dr Armstrong was a kind hearted person. He was really helpful. He didn’t care for money. He performed an operation on Andrew without any charge and cured his illness. Q5. Why did the doctor say that one dollar and eleven cents was the exact price for the miracle? A. Tess told the doctor that she had one dollar and eleven cents with her and if needed she could try to get some more. Then the doctor understood that she was too young to know about the miracle. She thought that a miracle could be bought. So, with a kind heart, the doctor said that one dollar and eleven cents was the exact price of a miracle. Q6. Find out the words that have been used to describe Tess. Would you like to add some from your side? A. The words that have been used to describe Tess are ‘eyes welling up’, ‘answered barely audible’ and ‘smiled’. I would like to add some such as ‘lovable’, ‘innocent’, ‘kind’, 'caring', ‘thoughtful’, etc. Q7. Can you suggest another title for the story? Give reasons. A. I think that ‘The Miracle’ is another possible title because Tess’s parents lost their hope of curing their boy as they were very poor and gave up their efforts. They thought that only a miracle could save their child. At the end, god came in the form of Dr. Carlton Armstrong and performed the miracle. Throughout the lesson, the sister has tried to save her little brother. Thus, her love has saved the boy. UNIT 3 41

LESSON 1-WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? Q8. Say whether the following statements are True or False. Give reasons for your answer. Correct the false statements. A. 1. Andrew’s parents had very little money. (T) 2. Tess’s parents were very poor. (T) 3. Tess’s parents were not interested in taking her little brother, Andrew, to the hospital. (F) 4. Andrew was seriously ill. ( T) 5 Tess thought that “a miracle” was the medicine that was available in a medical store (T) Reasons: 1. They were moving to a smaller house because they could not afford to pay the rent of the present house after paying for Andrew’s medical treatment. 2. They were moving to a smaller house because they could not afford to pay the rent of the present house after paying for Andrew’s medical treatment. 3. Tess’s parents were interested to take her little brother, Andrew to the hospital. If they had enough money, they would have taken Andrew to the hospital. But they did not have enough money. 4. Andrew was seriously ill. He needed to undergo a costly surgery to become better. 5. Tess thought that a ‘miracle’ was a medicine that was available in a medical store. So she took the money and went to the medical store and asked the chemist to give her the miracle. Correcting the false statement No. 3: Tess’s parents were interested in taking her little brother, Andrew to the hospital. If they had enough money, they would have taken Andrew to the hospital. But they did not have enough money. Q9. Tick the correct answer: 1. “I’m sorry,” the chemist said, because the miracle the girl had asked for a) was not available in his shop. b) was very costly. c) was not a medicine.√ 2. Dr. Armstrong wanted a) to help the child.√ b) to collect a lot of money. c) to make fun of the child. A. 1–c, 2–a. UNIT 3 42

SESSION 3 WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? – VOCABULARY 3.1 Vocabulary I. Spelling Given below is a paragraph written by a 6th class student. Some words are spelt wrongly in it. Circle / underline them and write the correct spellings. Q1. FOOD AND NUTRITION We need a balanced diet to be healthy. Balanced diet provides us major nutrents such carbohydrates, fats, vitamns , minerals and protins . There are two diferent types of source of protins - animal sources and plant sources. Animal sources include fish, eggs, meet, etc. Peas and beans are important sourses of protin. A. Wrong spelling — Correct spelling nutrents - nutrients vitamns - vitamins protins - proteins diferent - different meet - meat sourses - sources II. Odd One Q1. In each group of words below, find the odd one out and circle /underline it. Give justification for your answer. A. 1) hospital, nurse, patient, passenger Hospital, nurse and patient are related to the medical profession, whereas ‘passenger’ is not related to the medical profession. So, ‘passenger’ is the odd one out. 2) shop, customer, cost, temple Shop, customer and cost are related to business but the word ‘temple’ is not. So, ‘temple’ is the odd one out. UNIT 3 43

LESSON 1-WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? 3) dollars, things, rupees, cents Dollars, rupees and cents are related to currency. The word ‘things’, is not. So, ‘things’ is the odd one out. 4) treatment, operation, surgeon, blackboard Treatment, operation and surgeon are related to hospital. But ‘blackboard’ is related to school. So, ‘blackboard’ is the odd one out. 5) exam, question, answer, chocolate Exam, question and answer come under one group - education. Whereas ‘chocolate’ is an edible item. So, ‘chocolate’ is the odd one out. III. Related Words Q1. Write words related to “Hospital”. Write as many words as possible. A. UNIT 3 44

SESSION 4 WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? – GRAMMAR 4.1 Grammar I. Question mark(?) and Exclamatory mark (!) I. Read the following conversations paying special attention to the use of question marks, and exclamation marks. “Where’s the champion of Israel?” shouted Goliath. Let him come and fight with me!” “Who is this man?” said David. “I’ll go and fight him.” “How stupid you are!” Goliath exclaimed. You understand from the above sentences that a question ends with a question mark (?) and an exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamatory mark (!) Q1. Now read the following conversation and use question marks or exclamatory marks wherever necessary. A. Tess : I want to buy a miracle. How much does it cost? The Shopkeeper : I am sorry. Tess: : Why? The Shopkeeper : Because we don’t have any medicine like “a miracle”. Tess : What a pity! II. Apostrophe ( ' ) in Possessive Case of Nouns and Contractions Read the following passage. Andrew’s disease worried Tess’s parents because they did not have enough money for the treatment. Tess heard her father’s words . She decided to buy a miracle to cure her brother’s disease. She went to the medical store to buy the medicine. The shopkeeper said, “We don’t sell miracles here. I’m sorry.” UNIT 3 45

LESSON 1-WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? As you can see from the words / expressions in bold, the apostrophe is used to indicate the following. Possessive form Contracted form Andrew’s disease don’t brother’s disease I’m Here, Tess’s parents means, the parents of Tess. Similarly, Andrew’s disease means the disease of Andrew. The apostrophe is used here to talk about something that belongs to somebody or something. But it is also used to indicate the omission of a few letters, thus forming short forms or contractions. Don’t is the short form of do not. Similarly, I’m is the short form of I am. June’09 is the short form of June 2009. In this case, apostrophe indicates that some letters/ numbers are omitted. Q1. Read the following sentences and identify the contracted forms. Rewrite them in long form 1. “I don’t know” she replied. “He’s really sick and Mummy says he needs an operation.” 2. But Daddy can’t pay for it. 3. Let’s see if I’ve the kind of miracle he needs. A. 1. ‘l do not know,” she replied. “He is really sick and Mummy says he needs an operation.” 2. But Daddy cannot pay for it. 3. ˙Let us see if I have the kind of miracle he needs. III. Verbs Read the following story: Two rats fell into a milk pot. The first rat stopped making attempts to swim thinking that no one would save it. So, it drowned and lost its life. The other rat decided to continue swimming in the pot round and round. After some time, the milk turned into curd, the rat sat on it, and thus saved its life. Look at the verbs underlined above. They fall into two categories as shown below. Regular verbs Irregular verbs Present Tense Past Tense Present Tense Past Tense decide decided (d) fall fell stop stopped (ed) lose lost UNIT 3 46

LESSON 1-WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? The past tense forms of regular verbs are formed by adding ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to their present tense forms. Irregular verbs have different forms for the present and past tenses. Here are some irregular verbs. Present tense Past tense fall fell give gave rise rose speak spoke sing sang leave left teach taught drink drank Q1. Read the table given below and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs. Write “regular” or “irregular” in the third column A. Present tense Past tense Regular or Irregular buy bought Irregular clean cleaned Regular close closed Regular dance danced Regular eat ate Irregular swim swam Irregular take took Irregular think thought Irregular UNIT 3 47

LESSON 1-WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? IV. Quantifiers Read the following sentences. Andrew needed a costly surgery now and there was no one to loan them the money. Dr. Armstrong operated on Andrew without any charges, and within a few weeks he was back at home doing well. Observe the underlined words. They do not specify the exact amount or number but quantify things. They are called quantifiers. The words no, none, any, a lot, much, many, a little, a few, etc. come under this category. 1. We use no or none of to indicate not or not any in order to emphasize the negative idea in a sentence. 2. We use a few and a little to talk about a small number and quantity. 3. Much is used with uncountable nouns like sugar, and many is used with countable nouns like pen, book, etc. Examples: 1. Chandu has so much interest in English that he reads one book a week. 2. He has many friends in school. V. Study the table of marks carefully. The minimum marks required to pass is 35. Sl. No. Name of the Marks scored in Sl. No. Name of the Marks scored in student English student English 1 Rani 65 16 Bhanu 67 2 Lata 60 17 Ramya 73 3 Kamala 73 18 Saleem 80 4 Lakshmi 80 19 Sai 71 5 Krishna 64 20 Ruchira 85 6 Bharat 75 21 Nandu 67 7 Ganesh 82 22 Mary 62 8 Meghana 63 23 Usha 64 9 Meenakshi 67 24 Sarada 75 10 Nithya 73 25 Bujji 82 11 Sindhu 80 26 Sandhya 63 12 Chandu 71 27 Sridhar 67 13 Mani 85 28 Jyothi 73 14 Chinni 67 29 Kumar 80 15 Ravi 62 30 Swarna 71 UNIT 3 48

LESSON 1-WHAT CAN A DOLLAR AND ELEVEN CENTS DO? Answer the following questions using ‘no’, ‘none’, ‘any’, ‘ few’ and ‘many’. Write them down in your notebook. The first one has been done for you. Q1. How many students have scored more than 70 marks? A. Many students have scored more than 70 marks. Q2. Are there any students who have scored 90 marks? A. There are no students who have scored 90 marks. Q3. How many students have failed in English? A. None of the students have failed in English. Q4. How many students have scored below 60 marks? A. None of the students has scored below 60 marks. Q5. How many students have scored between 64 and 75? A. Few / many students have scored between 64 and 75. Q6. With the help of the information given in the above table, write a short paragraph about the performance of the class in English subject using no, none, any, a few, and many. A. Many students have scored well in the English exam. None of the students have failed in English. A few of them have scored above 80%. Many students have scored between 64 and 75. None of the students have scored above 85 marks. UNIT 3 49