9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text

Concept 10.3: Multiply and Divide Money 5) Solve the following: b) ` 10 × 3 c) ` 21 ÷ 7 a) ` 23 × 2 d) ` 34 × 4 e) ` 84 ÷ 4 Concept 10.4: Rate Charts and Bills 6) The rates of some vegetables and fruits per kg are given in the box. ` 10 ` 18 Item Quantity ` 15 ` 20 Tomato in kg ` 12 Carrot 2 `7 Pumpkin Cabbage 3 1 1 Raj buys a few items as given in the list. Make a bill for the items he bought. Money 28 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 51 1/7/2019 2:30:35 PM

Chapter Measurements 11 Let Us Learn About • estimating and measuring length and distance. • conversion, addition and subtraction of length. • weighing objects using simple balance. • conversion of units of capacity. • comparing capacities using different containers. Concept 11.1: Conversion of Standard Units of Length Think Farida went with her mother to a shop to buy a piece of cloth for a dress. Her mother asked the shopkeeper to give two metres of the cloth. How do you think the shopkeeper should measure two metres of the cloth? Recall We know that people sometimes measure lengths of objects using their hands or feet. But the size of the body parts differ from person to person. So, the length of the same object also differs when measured by different people. Suppose a boy and a grown-up measure the same object. We see that the measures of the object are different. So, measures such as hand span, cubit, leg span and so on are called non-standard units. Hand span Cubit Foot Pace 29 1/7/2019 2:30:35 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 52

By using our hand span, we can measure the lengths of the following objects. Fill in the blanks with the measurements obtained. a) Window of your classroom - _____________. b) The benches on which you sit - _____________. c) The blackboard - _____________. d) Your math notebook - _____________. e) School bag - ____________. To express measurement in an exact way, standard units were developed. The measurement of object remains the same, anywhere in the world when these standard units are used. Measures of Length Centimetre: It is a unit of length used to measure the length of pencil, the sides of a book and so on. We write centimetres as cm. Metre: It is the standard unit of length. It is used to measure length of a piece of cloth, a wall and so on. We write metres as m. Kilometre: It is a unit of length larger than the metre. It is used to measure the distance between two places, length of a river and so on. We write it as km. & Remembering and Understanding Measure the length of a blackboard with your hand span. Ask your friends to do the same and note the readings. Did everyone get the same measurement? What do you observe by this? We observe that the readings are different. So, we need a standard measurement. If all of us use the same standard instrument to measure length, there will be no difference in the measurements. Instruments such as a scale, a tape and so on, are used to measure lengths throughout the world. These are known as standard instruments. A scale is used to measure the length in centimetres and inches. A measuring tape is used to measure longer lengths in like metres and kilometres. Measurements 30 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 53 1/7/2019 2:30:35 PM

Can we use a measuring tape to measure smaller lengths? Yes, for that we should know to convert the measurements. Conversion of length We can convert one unit of measurement into another using the relation between them. Relation between units of length 1 m = 100 cm 1 km = 1000 m Let us understand the conversion of larger units to smaller through a few examples. Example 1: Convert: a) 4 m into cm b) 8 m 6 cm into cm c) 5 km into m d) 6 km 4 m into m Solution: a) To convert metre into centimetre, multiply by 100. b) To convert kilometre into metre, multiply by 1000. c) To convert kilometre and metre into metre, convert kilometre to metre and add it to the metre. Solved Solve these a) Conversion of m into cm: 7 m = _______________ cm 4 m = ___________ cm 1 m = 100 cm 4 m = 4 ×100 cm = 400 cm 4 m = 400 cm b) Conversion of m and cm into cm: 8 m 6 cm = ____________ cm 4 m 5 cm = ___________ cm 1 m = 100 cm So, 8 m = 8 ×100 cm = 800 cm 8 m 6 cm = (800 + 6) cm = 806 cm 31 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 54

Solved Solve these c) Conversion of km to m: 7 km = ___________ m 5 km = __________ m 4 km 9 m = ___________ cm 1 km = 1000 m 5 km = 5 ×1000 m = 5000 m 5 km = 5000 m d) Conversion of km and m into m: 6 km 4 m = ___________ m 1 km = 1000 m So, 6 km = 6 ×1000 m = 6000 m 6 km 4 m = (6000 + 4) m = 6004 m We can add or subtract lengths just as like we add or subtract numbers. Remember to write the units beside the sum or difference. Note: Introduce ‘0’ in the hundreds place, if the number in the metre of the kilometre has only 2 digits. Addition of lengths Example 2: Add: a) 25 m 16 cm and 32 m 30 cm b) 34 km 450 m and 125 km 235 m Solution: Write the numbers in columns, one below the other. Steps Solved Solved Solve these Step 1: Add the m cm km m km m 16 34 450 12 150 numbers under 25 30 + 125 235 + 14 340 46 the smaller unit + 32 685 and write the sum. Measurements 32 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 55 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

Steps Solved Solved Solve these Step 2: Add the m cm km m km m numbers under 25 16 34 450 10 100 the larger unit and + 32 30 + 125 235 + 100 100 write the sum. 57 46 159 685 Subtraction of lengths Example 3: Subtract: a) 125 m 20 cm from 232 m 30 cm b) 234 km 15 m from 425 km 35 m Solution: Write the numbers in columns, the smaller number below the larger number. Steps Solved Solved Solve these Step 1: Subtract the numbers m cm km m m cm under the 232 30 425 035 26 42 smaller unit − 125 20 − 234 015 − 13 21 and write the difference. 10 020 m cm Step 2: Subtract m cm km m 58 26 the numbers 2 12 3 12 − 39 14 under the larger 23 2 30 4 25 035 unit and write the − 12 5 20 − 2 34 015 difference. 10 7 10 191 020 \\ \\ \\ \\ Application Let us solve some real-life examples with addition and subtraction of lengths. Example 4: Sunny bought a rope of length 20 m 12 cm. Bunny bought another rope of length 12 m 20 cm. What is the total length of the rope they bought? Solution: The length of the rope bought by Sunny = 20 m 12 cm m cm The length of the rope bought by Bunny = 12 m 20 cm 20 12 The total length of the ropes = 20 m 12 cm + 12 m 20 cm + 12 20 Therefore, the total length of the rope bought by both of 32 32 them = 32 m 32 cm 33 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 56 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

Example 5: Raj’s house was at a distance of 36 km 119 m from his uncle’s house. He travelled by a car for 14 km 116 m from his uncle’s house. How much more distance has to be covered by Raj to reach his house? Solution: Distance between Raj’s house and his uncle’s house km m 119 = 36 km 119 m 36 116 − 14 003 Distance travelled by Raj to his house = 14 km 116 m Distance left to be covered = 36 km 119 m – 14 km 116 m 22 Therefore, the distance to be covered to reach Raj’s house is 22 km 3 m. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Let us now see some more examples where we use the concept of standard units of lengths. Post Office Airport Example 6: The figure given is a map. It shows6thkme different ways to reach different places fro4mkmthe house. Look at the map and answer these questions. Scaho) oHl ow far is the p3 okmst office from the house? 2 km b) What is the distance between t8hekmmarket and the railway station? c) Find the distance between the house and the airport through the post Market office. House d) Is the post 1o0ffkimce or the market closer to the house?3 km e) How far is the railway station from the school? Railway Station Solution: From the map, we see that, a) The post office is 3 km from the house. b) The distance between the market and the railway station is 3 km. c) T hrough the post office, the distance between the house and the airport is 3 km + 6 km = 9 km d) Post office is closer to the house. e) The railway station is 10 km from the school. Measurements 34 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 57 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

Concept 11.2: Conversion of Standard Units of Weight Think Farida went to the market with her father. They bought several things like vegetables, sweets and fruits. The shopkeeper measured the vegetables with a machine. He used some units to tell the weight. Do you know which units he used? Recall The weight of an object is the measure of its heaviness. Different objects have different weights. We use standard units to measure the weights of objects around us. The standard unit of weight is kilogram. We write kilogram as ‘kg’. Another unit of weight is gram. We write gram as ‘g’. The unit of weight smaller than the gram is milligram. We write milligram as ‘mg’. Milligram (mg) is the unit used for weighing medicines, tablets and so on. Gram (g) is used for weighing objects such as pencils, books, and spices. Kilogram (kg) is used for weighing heavier objects such as rice, wheat, and flour. 35 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 58

& Remembering and Understanding Sometimes, to measure the weight of an object, we need the smaller unit instead of the larger unit. For this, we need to convert the units for appropriate measurement. Let us see how we can convert weights. Conversion of weights We can convert larger units of weights into smaller units using the relation between them. Relation between units of weight 1 g = 1000 mg 1 kg = 1000 g Let us understand the conversion through a few examples. Example 7: Convert 4 kg into grams. Solution: To convert kilogram into gram, multiply by 1000. Solved Solve this 4 kg to grams 6 kg to grams 1 kg = 1000 g So, 4 kg = 4 × 1000 g = 4000 g Example 8: Convert 3 kg 150 g into grams. Solution: To convert kilogram and gram into gram, convert kilogram to gram and add it to the gram. Solved Solve this 3 kg 150 g to grams 4 kg 20 g to grams 1 kg = 1000 g So, 3 kg = 3 × 1000 g = 3000 g 3 kg 150 g = 3000 g + 150 g = 3150 g Measurements 36 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 59 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

We add or subtract weights just as we add or subtract numbers. Remember to write the unit beside the sum or difference. Note: Introduce ‘0’ in the hundreds place if the milligram of the gram or the gram of the kilogram has only 2 digits. Addition of weights Example 9: Add: a) 15 g 150 mg and 23 g 285 mg b) 17 kg 706 g and 108 kg 189 g Solution: Write the numbers in the columns, one below the other. Steps Solved Solved Solve these Step 1: Add the g mg kg g g mg numbers under the 1 1 smaller unit and 15 150 26 190 write the sum. + 23 285 17 706 + 23 260 435 + 108 189 895 Step 2: Add the g mg kg g g mg numbers under the 1 11 larger unit and write 15 150 17 706 33 333 the sum. + 23 285 + 22 333 435 + 108 189 38 125 895 Subtraction of weights Example 10: Subtract: a) 153 g 100 mg from 262 g 300 mg b) 234 kg 150 g from 355 kg 305 g Solution: Write the numbers in columns, the smaller number below the larger number. Steps Solved Solved Solve these Step 1: Subtract the g mg kg g g mg numbers under the 2 10 smaller unit and 262 300 355 3\\ \\0 5 15 260 write the difference. − 153 100 − 234 150 − 15 260 15 5 200 37 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 60

Steps Solved Solved Solve these g mg Step 2: Subtract g mg kg g the numbers 5 12 2 10 23 555 under the larger 2 \\6 \\2 3 0 0 − 16 454 unit and write the − 153 100 3 5 5 \\3 \\0 5 difference. 109 200 − 234 150 121 155 Application Look at some real-life examples where addition and subtraction of weights is used. Example 11: Rahul had a bag full of vegetables which weighed 17 kg 241 g. His friend had another bag of vegetables weighing 21 kg 243 g. What is the total weight of the vegetables in both the bags? kg g Solution: Weight of the vegetables in Rahul’s bag = 17 kg 241 g 17 241 Weight of the vegetables in friend’s bag = 21 kg 243 g + 21 243 The total weight of the vegetables in both the 38 484 bags = 17 kg 241 g + 21 kg 243 g = 38 kg 484 g Therefore, the total weight of vegetables in Rahul’s and his friend’s bag is 38 kg 484 g. Example 12: Reena got a box of pins which weighed 43 g 132 mg. She took out 11 g 100 mg of pins. What is the weight of the pins left in the box? Solution: The weight of pins in the box = 43 g 132 mg g mg The weight of pins taken out from the box = 11 g 100 mg 43 132 The weight of the remaining pins in the box = − 11 100 43 g 132 mg – 11 g 100 mg = 32 g 032 mg Therefore, the weight of the remaining pins is 32 g 32 mg 32 032 Measurements 38 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 61 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Let us now see how we use standard units of weight in real-life situations. Example 13: Suresh bought apples, grapes and a watermelon. The total weight of the fruits in his bag is 3 kg 750 g. The weight of apples is 1 kg 100 g and grapes is 1 kg 150 g. What is the weight of the watermelon? Solution: Suresh had 3 kinds of fruits: apples, grapes and a watermelon in his bag. Weight of apples = 1 kg 100 g kg g Weight of grapes = 1 kg 150 g 1 100 Total weight of apples and grapes = 1 kg 100 g + 1 kg 150 g +1 150 2 250 Therefore, the weight of apples and grapes together is 2 kg 250 g. Weight of watermelon = w eight of the bag − total weight of apples and grapes Weight of the bag = 3 kg 750 g kg g Weight of apples and grapes together = 2 kg 250 g 3 750 Weight of watermelon = 3 kg 750 g – 2 kg 250 g − 2 250 Therefore, the weight of watermelon is 1 kg 500 g. 1 500 Concept 11.3: Conversion of Standard Units of Volume Think Farida’s 10 cousins visited her during their summer vacation. Farida bought two big bottles of cold drink. If each takes a glassful, can she serve equally to all? Recall Bottles and glasses come in different sizes. We cannot specify the quantity of cold drink served in bottles and glasses as they are non-standard units. So, we need 39 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 62

standard unit for measuring the quantity of liquids. Commonly used containers for measuring the quantity of liquids are shown. The quantity of liquid (water, oil, milk and so on) that a container can hold is called its capacity or volume. Standard units of capacity are millilitres, litres and kilolitres. The standard unit of capacity or volume is litre, denoted by ‘ℓ’. The unit smaller than a litre that is used for measuring capacity is called millilitre. We write it as ‘mℓ’. & Remembering and Understanding To find the measure of the quantity of the smaller units, we need to convert the larger unit to smaller unit. Conversion of units of capacity We can convert one unit of measurement into another using the relation between them. Relation between units of capacity 1 litre = 1000 millilitres 1 kilolitre = 1000 litres Let us understand the conversion of capacity from larger units to smaller units through a few examples. To convert litres into millilitres, multiply by 1000. Example 14: Convert 2ℓ 269 mℓ into millilitres. Solution: To convert litres and millilitres into millilitres, convert litres to millilitres and add it to the millilitres. Solved Solve this 3 ℓ 750 mℓ to millilitre 2ℓ 269 mℓ to millilitre 1 ℓ = 1000 mℓ So, 2 ℓ = 2 × 1000 mℓ = 2000 mℓ 2 ℓ 269 mℓ = 2000 mℓ + 269 mℓ = 2269 mℓ Measurements 40 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 63 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

We add or subtract volumes just as we add or subtract numbers. Remember to write the unit beside the sum or difference. Note: Introduce ‘0’ in the hundreds place if the millilitre in litre and litre in kilolitre if there are only two digits. Addition of volumes Example 15: Add: 13 ℓ 450 mℓ and 32 ℓ 300 mℓ Solution: Write the numbers in columns. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Add the ℓ mℓ ℓ mℓ numbers under the 13 450 24 129 smaller unit and write + 32 300 + 31 110 the sum. 750 Step 2: Add the ℓ mℓ ℓ mℓ numbers under the 13 450 52 000 larger unit and write + 32 300 + 41 000 the sum. 45 750 Subtraction of volumes Example 16: Subtract: 351 ℓ 200 mℓ from 864 ℓ 350mℓ Solution: Write the numbers in columns, the smaller number below the larger number. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Subtract the ℓ mℓ ℓ mℓ numbers under the 864 350 119 209 smaller unit and write the − 351 200 − 11 101 difference. 150 Step 2: Subtract the ℓ mℓ ℓ mℓ numbers under the 864 350 126 410 larger unit and write the − 351 200 − 21 200 difference. 513 150 41 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 64

Application Let us solve some real-life examples where conversion of units, addition and subtraction of volumes are used. Example 17: Seema has a 2 ℓ packet of milk. Express the quantity of milk in millilitres. Solution: Quantity of milk that Seema has = 2 ℓ As 1 ℓ = 1000 mℓ, 2 ℓ = 2 × 1000 = 2000 m ℓ. Therefore, Seema has 2000 mℓ of milk. Example 18: The capacity of a tank is 20 litres. The volume of water in the tank is 13 litres. How much more water is needed to fill the tank? Solution: The capacity of the tank = 20 litres 1 ℓ Volume of water in the tank = 13 litres \\2 10 Quantity of water needed to fill the tank −1 0\\ = 20 litres – 13 litres = 7 litres 0 3 7 Therefore, 7 more litres of water is needed to fill the tank. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Let us see the use of standard units of volumes in a real-life situations. Example 19: A container has capacity of 2 ℓ. A glass has a capacity of 200 mℓ. How many glasses of juice must be poured to fill up the container? Solution: Capacity of the glass = 200 mℓ Quantity of juice needed = 2 ℓ = 2 × 1000 mℓ = 2000 mℓ 2000 = 200 × 10 Therefore, 10 glasses of juice must be poured to make 2 ℓ. Drill Time Concept 11.1: Conversion of Standard Units of Length e) 8 m 36 cm 1) Convert into centimetres. a) 3 m b) 9 m c) 2 m 45 cm d) 5 m 20 cm Measurements 42 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 65 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

2) Convert into metres. d) 6 km 112 m e) 1 km 100 m a) 4 km b) 15 km c) 5 km 555 m 3) Solve the following: b) 31 m 00 cm + 18 m 59 cm a) 24 m 13 cm + 13 m 45 cm d) 88 km 100 m − 10 km 800 m c) 10 km 100 m + 20 km 200 m e) 26 m 14 cm – 20 m 10 cm 4) Word Problem a) Roopa’s house and the places close to it are shown on the map. 2 km 2 km Hospital Playground 4 km 2 km 1 km 250 m Market Post Office 5 km 500 m Roopa’s house School 2 km 450 m 4 km 6 km 3 km 300 m Airport Study the map and answer these questions. a) T he shortest route from Roopa’s house to the market is via __________ and is __________ km. b) The shortest route from Roopa’s house to the airport is _________ km. c) What is the shortest route from post office to the market? d) Roopa went to post office from school. What is the distance she travelled? 43 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 66

Concept 11.2: Conversion of Standard Units of Weight 5) Convert into grams a) 14 kg b) 29 kg c) 14 kg 300 g d) 75 kg 226 g e) 10 kg 112 g 6 ) Solve the following: a) 28 kg 421 g + 30 kg 232 g b) 42 kg 876 g + 31 kg 111 g c) 44 kg 444 g – 22 kg 222 g d) 43 g 230 mg - 11 g 100 mg 7) Word Problem a) Mary bought these vegetables. Brinjal – 2 kg 250 g; Onion – 1 kg 750 g; Potato – 1 kg 250 g Find the total weight of vegetables in her bag. Concept 11.3: Conversion of Standard Units of Volume 8) Convert into millilitres a) 13 ℓ b) 28 ℓ c) 13 ℓ 400 mℓ d) 64 ℓ 206 mℓ e) 14 ℓ 142 mℓ 9) Solve the following: a) 28 ℓ 421 mℓ + 40 ℓ 262 mℓ b) 41 ℓ 836 mℓ + 41 ℓ 113 mℓ c) 30 ℓ 320 mℓ + 20 ℓ 300 mℓ d) 33 ℓ 530 mℓ - 11 ℓ 300 mℓ e) 66 ℓ 666 mℓ – 44 ℓ 444 mℓ 10) Word Problem a) Aarthi has a jug with some buttermilk. She uses glasses which can hold 150 mℓ. How many glasses must she fill so that she has 3 ℓ of buttermilk? Measurements 44 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 67 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

Chapter Data Handling 12 Let Us Learn About • understanding handling data. • making a table when data is given. • recording data using tally marks and pictorial representation. Concept 12.1: Record Data Using Tally Marks Think Farida made a table of the things that her mother bought for her. From the table she could tell how many of each thing her mother had bought for her. Do you know how? Recall We know to answer questions based on the data in a given table. Let us revise the concept by studying the following table. The number of students in a class who like different types of chocolate is given in the table. 45 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 68

Name of the chocolate Number of students Strawberry 3 Cream 6 Caramel 5 Nuts 4 a) How many students are present in the class? [] [] (A) 13 (B) 18 (C) 15 (D) 20 [] [] b) How many students like Caramel? (A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 4 c) Which type of chocolate is liked by four students? (A) Strawberry (B) Cream (C) Caramel (D) Nuts d) How many students like strawberry? (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 5 & Remembering and Understanding Let us now learn to make a table when data is given. We can arrange the data given in the form of a table. We first identify different items in the data and list them out in the first column of the table. In the second column, every item of one type is denoted by drawing a vertical line (⎮). This vertical line is called tally mark. To represent 5 items we draw 4 vertical lines and cross them with the fifth line. ( ) In the third column, we write the count of these tally marks. Let us see a few examples to understand the concept better. Example 1: Seema bought the following fruits: banana, apple, watermelon, mango, mango, apple, watermelon, apple, banana, banana, apple, mango, watermelon, mango, banana, mango, mango. How many of each fruit did Seema buy? Represent the data in the form of a table using tally marks. Data Handling 46 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 69 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

Solution: Fruit Tally marks Number Apple |||| 4 Banana |||| 4 Watermelon ||| 3 Mango 6 \\||||| Application Let us see a real-life example where we represent data using tally marks. Example 2: The different types of ice-cream in Raj’s shop are as follows: Cones: 14 Small cups: 9 Medium cups: 6 Large cups: 11 Tubs: 5 Represent this data in a table using tally marks. From the table, find the type of ice cream that is: a) maximum in number. b) less in number than the number of medium cups. c) m ore in number than the number of small cups but less in number than cones. Solution: We can represent data in a table using tally marks as: Ice cream Tally marks Number Cones |||\\||||\\||||| 14 Small cups |||\\||||| 9 Medium cups |||\\|| 6 Large cups |||\\||||\\| | 11 Tubs |||\\| 5 So, a) Cones b) Tubs c) Large cups 47 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 70

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Example 3: The number of two-wheelers, three-wheelers and four-wheelers are as given: Two-wheelers: 24 Three-wheelers: 10 Four-wheelers: 19 Represent this data in a table using tally marks. Solution: Vehicle Tally Marks Two-wheelers |||| |||| |||| |||| |||| Three-wheelers |||| |||| Four-wheelers |||| |||| |||| |||| Drill Time Concept 12.1: Record Data Using Tally Marks 1) Solve the following: a) In school there are seven plastic chairs, twelve wooden chairs and three iron chairs. Represent this data using tally marks. Find the total number of chairs. b) T here are five bowls, ten plates, one pot, seven cups, ten glasses, two saucers and eleven spoons. Represent this data in a table using tally marks. c) T he number of children present for a sports day is as given below. Boys: Rohan, Tushar, Sanket, Ankit, Siddharth, Harsh Girls: Piya, Kshitija, Reema, Prachi R epresent the data in a table using tally marks. How many boys and how many girls were present on the sports day? d) Ami noted down the colour of school bags of children in her class. She made a list as below: Purple: Krishna, Sanika, Harshada, Suvarna, Anu, Shreya Pink: Yash, Jigar, Vijay, Pooja Black: Bhavna, Rashmi, Jay, Sagar, Sonu, Tina, Mona, Shefali White: Payal, Sakshi Represent the data in a table using tally marks. Data Handling 48 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 71 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

EVS−I (Science) Contents Class 3 1 1 Food Diversity����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 1 2 Types of Houses������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 1 3 Travel with Family�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 1 4 Communication without Speaking���������������������������������������������������������������� 13 Inside the Lab – C�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States Activity C2: Make Your Script NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 72 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

Lesson Food Diversity 11 Let Us Learn About R food diversity. U the reasons for food diversity. A changes in the food habits of people. H important food crops in India. Think Have you noticed what your friends bring for lunch daily? Is it the same kind of food which you bring from home? Remembering You might have seen that your friends bring different dishes for lunch. At home, we take different types of food for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The food we eat on different days is also not the same. The food which people eat regularly in large quantity is called staple food. The staple food is not the same in different places. For example, rice is the staple food in southern India, whereas wheat is the staple food in northern India. 1)  People in southern India may prefer idli, dosa and rice. 2)  People in the north may like roti, parantha and dal. 1 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 73 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

3)  P eople in the east may eat more of fish, dal and rice. 4)  People in western India may enjoy food in food in pav bhaji, thepla and so on. South North India India Food in different states is different too. For example, in Punjab, people prefer lassi and paranthas. In West Bengal, food food people like fish curry and rice. in East in West India India Let us see what people eat in different countries. In China, people eat rice, noodles and so on. In the United States of America (USA), the popular food items are hot dogs and burgers. In Italy, people eat pizza, pasta and so on. Chinese food noodles rice American food Italian food hot dog burger pizza pasta Understanding There is a variety of food across places. Now, let us find out the reasons behind this diversity in food. 1) Availability of raw food: The weather and climate of a place help in the growth of some specific food crops. A crop is a plant grown for food, clothes, medicines or any other uses. 2 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 74

For example, in areas of heavy rainfall, rice and coconut are grown. People in these areas eat more rice. In areas of low rainfall, wheat, bajra and jowar are grown. So, people eat rotis made from the flour of these grains. In coastal areas, fish is available in abundance. Seafood like fish is common in these regions. cooked chutney bread rice idli coconut cookies rice plants barfi coconut trees wheat plants roti roti fish fry khichdi laddu prawn curry bajra plants jowar plants fishes 2) Culture and tradition: People from different cultures eat different food. We celebrate festivals by making special types of food. For example, • during Eid, people make biryani, kebabs and sweets. • Christmas is celebrated with a variety of meat dishes, cakes and cookies. • Bhog is a special food prepared during Durga puja. • People make modak during Ganesh festival. • Pongal is another festival food prepared during the Tamil festival of Thai Pongal. Eid Christmas biryani kebabs sweets cookies Christmas cake turkey Food Diversity 3 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 75 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM

Durga puja Ganesh festival Thai Pongal bhog modak pongal 3) Cooking methods: Food also differs because of the cooking methods used. Boiled rice and fried rice are very different. In the same way, chappatis and puris look and taste different. boiled rice fried rice chappatis puris Earlier, people ate only locally grown food. Food items from other places were not available to them easily. These days, food items from different places are easily available to us. Application We have seen various reasons for food diversity. But sometimes, food habits differ because of the needs of the body. 1) Work habits: Food habits also depend on the type of work people do. For example, people doing a lot of physical work need more of energy rich food. 2) Age: According to the age of the people, different types of food items are prepared at home. For example, baby food differs from the food grown-up people eat. A new- born baby drinks only milk. School-going children need a variety of food items to grow. Very old people eat soft food items like dal-rice and roti soaked in milk. baby food food of an adult person 4 1/7/2019 2:30:36 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 76

3) Seasons: Our food habits also change according to the seasons. In summer, we eat more fruits and vegetable dishes. In winter, we eat food and drinks that keep us warm. Find out the different types of seasonal food available in your area. winter food summer food 4) Health: Food habits also change according to health conditions. When you are ill, you eat less food. Your parents may give you soups, light food with less oil and so on. Amazing Facts Tomato, potato, sugar and chilli are not originally from India. They were brought to India by the Portuguese. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) You have learnt that one of the reasons behind food diversity is the variety of crops. The major crops in India can be divided into four groups: 1) Food grains such as rice, maize, wheat and so on 2) Fruits and vegetables 3) Cotton, jute, sugarcane and tobacco 4) Tea, coffee, coconut and rubber Find out the different types of crops grown in your area. Also, learn about the changes in the crops grown throughout the year. Food Diversity 5 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 77 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

Lesson Types of Houses 12 Let Us Learn About R the different types of houses. u reasons for diversity in types of houses. a keeping our houses clean. h the effects of extreme weather on houses. Think We see different types of houses around us. What kind of house do you live in? Did your grandparents ever tell you what type of house they lived in? Remembering All of us need a place to live in. We live in houses. The houses in olden times were different from the ones we live in today. Earlier, human beings used to live in caves. Then, they learnt to build houses. They used mud, wood and leaves to build cave hut them. These houses are called kutcha houses. They are not strong enough to face heavy winds or rain. Example: hut 6 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 78

As time went on, people learned to build pucca houses. These are built with bricks, cement, wood, iron rods, steel and stones. Pucca houses are stronger than kutcha houses. Example: bungalows and flats (apartments) bungalow apartments Understanding Houses vary from place to place. The types of houses found in any place depend on many factors. REASONS for diversity in types of houses 1 The climatic condition of the place: People make houses which suit the climate of that area. For example, in areas with heavy rainfall, houses have sloping roofs. The rain water can drain easily from such roofs. Stilt houses are also found in places of heavy rainfall. They house with sloping roof are commonly seen alongside rivers. These houses are made of bamboo. They are built at a height from the ground to prevent water from entering the house. In extremely cold regions, people stilt house build dome-shaped houses using blocks of snow. The dome shape helps to keep it warm inside. These houses are called igloos (snow houses). igloo 2 Lifestyles of the people: According to their lifestyles, village house people need different types of houses. In villages, people build houses to suit their farming needs. These houses may have some special areas such as cattle sheds, storage places for grains and so on. Types of Houses 7 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 79 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

In cities, the lifestyle is different. So, Tree people live in flats. Moreover, in cities, there is less land available to build houses houses. So, multi-storeyed buildings with many flats are common in cities. multi-storeyed buildings are built by the people tree house living in Some people wander forests and jungles. from place to place in search of their livelihood. They give protection They are called nomads. These people live in tents. from wild animals. nomads tents Building big houses needs a lot of money. Groups of people travelling together caravan Sometimes, people use houses on wheels called may not have enough caravans. A caravan may be pulled money to build them. by an animal, a car or a truck. So, they construct smaller houses. We can find houseboats in places houseboat You have learnt about having many lakes and rivers. some reasons behind A houseboat is a boat which is the diversity in houses. designed to be used as a home. Do all people have houses to live in? There are some people who cannot afford to have people using houses. You must have seen homeless people. public place Roadside or any such public place becomes a house as shelter for them. We should be kind to them. Application You have learnt about the different types of houses. A house is necessary for all of us. We should take good care of it. HOW TO MAINTAIN OUR HOUSES 1) To be healthy, we need sunlight and fresh air inside our houses. So, we should keep windows open to let in sunlight and fresh air. 2) Our house should be free from dirt and dust. We should sweep and mop the floor daily. Walls should be kept clean. All the rooms should be kept neat and tidy. 3) Garbage should be thrown in the dustbin. Dustbins should be regularly emptied. 4) Dirty water should not be allowed to collect near the house. Otherwise, disease-causing mosquitoes will lay eggs in it. This will cause diseases. 5) The toilets, bathrooms and washbasins should be cleaned from time to time. This will prevent the growth of germs. 8 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 80 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

Amazing Facts The tallest building in the world is in Dubai. Its name is Burj Khalifa. It has 163 floors above the ground. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Some extreme weather conditions can cause damage to houses. For example, heavy rain, powerful winds, shaking of the ground(earthquake) and so on. These may make people homeless. houses damaged due to extreme weather conditions Have you ever heard of any such condition? What happens when people lose their houses? They need to live in temporary shelters. They are taken care of by the government. What will happen to the animal shelters in such cases? temporary shelter (camp) Find out. SPECIAL HOMES Have you ever heard about orphanages? They are the special shelters for children who have lost their parents and family. Old age home is another such special home. It is a shelter for old people who do not have anyone else to take care of them. orphanage old age home Types of Houses 9 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 81 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

Lesson Travel with Family 13 Let Us Learn About R planning a tour. u the need for travel. a travelling for adventure. h travelling with friends. Think Does your family go on holidays to new places? You must have seen your parents packing everything carefully before going on holidays. Do you know how they plan a tour? Remembering During holidays, people travel with their family and friends to different places. Usually, people visit new places when they go on tours. A tour is a journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited. When we visit a new place, we may not know where to go and what to do. We may not even know the type of clothes suitable for that place. So, it is important to plan tours in advance. Let us now learn how to plan a tour. 10 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 82

PLANNING A TOUR 1) Decide the duration: We first need to decide the number of days for the tour. We should not plan a tour during school days. 2) Decide the place: We decide the place according to the season, things to do and the money we can spend. For example, visiting hill stations is ideal during summers. different modes of transport 3) Decide the mode of travel: We can travel by road, rail or air. We need to book bus, train or plane tickets accordingly. 4) Choose the place to stay: We need to book a hotel room to stay in. If we have any relatives or family friends there, we can stay with them too. 5) Pack our things: We should pack our bags well in advance. Our bags should be light so that they can be easily carried. However, we must things to be carried while packing for travel remember to carry important things like our ID cards, tickets, important documents and medicines. We must also carry our clothes, toiletries (brushes, combs, toothbrush and toothpaste). Sometimes, we may even need to carry umbrellas, warm clothes, swimsuits and food. We may also carry along a camera to record the memories of the trip. Understanding We have learnt to plan tours. travelling for refreshment Let us now find why people travel. People travel for celebrating festivals with extended various reasons. family members NEED FOR TRAVEL 1) Refreshment: Everybody gets tired or bored of daily activities. It is good to go on a tour to get refreshed. 2) Meet extended family members: People may also travel to visit their extended families. They may celebrate festivals or special occasions together during holidays. Travel with Family 11 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 83 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

3) Gain knowledge: Some people travel to learn about different places, people and cultures. 4) Job and business: Some people travel to different people and their cultures faraway places for work. 5) Religious tours: Some people travel to places of religious importance. Application We have learnt that people travel with their family for refreshment, knowledge, business and so on. But there are some people who travel with their family for an adventure. They may go hiking, mountaineering or camping. They may also take part in different adventure sports. • Adventure sports are dangerous. • W e should carry proper safety equipment adventure sports to perform them. • T hey should not be performed without expert supervision. • W ithout proper guidance, they can cause serious injuries. Amazing Facts Ladakh is one of the most famous tourist places in India. The Pangong Tso lake Pangong Tso lake situated in Ladakh is the largest lake in India. The water in the lake appears to have multiple colours. It displays shades of blue, green and sometimes red. It has been featured in some popular movies too. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) We may not always go out with our family. Sometimes, we travel with our classmates or friends. Have you ever been to a school picnic or excursion? Where did you go and what did you do? 12 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 84 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

Lesson Communication without 14 Speaking Let Us Learn About R communication and its types. u types of gestures and expressions. a sign language. h braille language. Think Have you watched cartoon movies like Tom and Jerry? They don’t have any dialogues. How do we understand the story? Remembering We use words or actions to share our thoughts with others. This process of sharing thoughts, ideas and feelings with people is called communication. Sometimes, the look on our face changes to show what we feel. Communication is mainly of two types: saying with words and saying without words. Communication with words involves speaking and writing. Communication without words involves gestures and expressions. You must have seen a traffic police on the road. How does he or she control the traffic? Either by using hand movements or by blowing a whistle. Does he or she say anything while controlling the traffic? Still, people understand the instructions. 13 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 85 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

We use movements of hands, shoulders and head to communicate. Such movements that help people understand without speaking anything are called gestures. Sometimes, people can only look at our face and tell whether we are feeling happy, sad or angry. How do they understand this? They know our feelings because the look on our face shows a gestures of traffic police particular emotion. These are called expressions. These are some of the examples of expressions. expressions Understanding Let us understand the different gestures and expressions we use to communicate. Here are a few examples of gestures. 1 Nod or shake your head: Sometimes, nod your shake your you just nod or shake your head. head (yes) head (no) It is a gesture to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. 2 Waving or tapping your fingers: You wave your hand and your friends understand you are saying ‘hello’. You clap your hands to appreciate something. saying hello clap your hands Now, let us see the different types of expressions we use. Some commonly used expressions are smiling, frowning, winking, opening wide the eyes or mouth, raising eyebrows and so on. 1 When we are happy, 2 When a baby starts we have a smile crying, the mother on our face. understands that he/she smiling is hungry, sleepy or hurt. crying 3 When we are excited 4 We wink to signal or shocked, we may that we are opening wide the open wide our eyes eyes and mouth joking about or mouth. something. winking 14 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 86 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

5 Raising our eyebrows might communicate that raising we are surprised. It may also mean that our we don’t believe what we are hearing. eyebrows Gestures and expressions are also used while dancing and acting. Indian classical dancers use various ‘mudras’(gestures) and ‘abhinayas’(expressions) to tell stories. Indian classical dancers Kathakali Odissi Bharatanatyam mudras Application Do you know how to play the game of ‘dumb charades’? How do you express your ideas in it? We use signs for different letters, words and so on. A sign language can be used to communicate. It is mainly used by the people who have a speaking or a hearing disability. They communicate using gestures, combining hand shapes and expressions on the face. like OK dislike peace hello idea sign language Communication without Speaking 15 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 87 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

People who cannot speak or hear find it difficult to communicate with others. We should not make fun of them. We should help them by using gestures while communicating. Amazing Facts Symbols and marks that represented objects were the earliest forms of written communication. These are called pictographs. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) symbols and marks braille alphabet We learnt about the sign language that people having a speaking disability used. Some people can speak, but cannot see. They use the ‘braille’ language. This language has patterns of raised dots that can be felt with fingertips. Do you know who developed this language? 16 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 88

Inside the Lab – C Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States India is a diverse country. It has so many cultures. Each state has its traditional cuisine. You will need: 2–3 sheets of paper, a pencil or pen You need to: 1) divide the students into groups so that each group has at least one student from a different state. Each group should have one sheet of paper. 2) ask the students to discuss and collect the information on the subsequent points. 3) ask him or her about a famous food of the state he or she belongs to. 4) ask him or her to note down its cuisines of different states recipe. 5) ask why it is famous. 6) ask what local ingredients are used to prepare it. 7) ask how it is suitable for the people of that state. 8) ask them to record their findings on a sheet like this. 9) ask them to stick a picture if they get one. NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 89 17 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

Name of the dish Dosa State Tamil Nadu Ingredients half cup urad dal (split black lentils) 1 cup raw rice (chawal) ghee for cooking Method of 1) Combine the urad dal and rice and soak it in enough preparation water for 4 hours. 2) Drain the urad dal and rice and blend in a mixer to a smooth paste using approx. 1 cup of water. 3) Transfer the mixture to the same bowl; add the salt and mix well. 4) Cover and ferment in a warm place for 12 hours. 5) Heat a non-stick tawa. 6) Pour a ladleful of the batter on it and spread it in a circular motion. Smear a little ghee over it and along the edges and cook on a high flame till the dosa turns brown in colour and crisp. 7) Fold over to make a semi-circle or a roll. Reasons for it being It is easy to ferment batter in southern Indian climate. So, famous in Tamil Nadu dosa is famous in Tamil Nadu. Local Ingredients used rice Compare the recipes of different states from your classmates. Do you find different recipes using the same ingredients? 18 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 90

Activity C2: Make Your Script script You will need: two sheets of paper and a pencil or pen. You need to: 1) write the letter of the alphabet from A – Z on the board. 2) suggest a symbol for each letter of the alphabet. Some suggestions are: @ $ <& 3) write few sentences about yourself in English. 4) write them in the new script on a different paper. 5) exchange the new script papers with your partner. 6) decode those sentences and write them down in simple English. 7) interchange papers again. 8) check if your partner has correctly translated. Such coded languages are used in the army, navy and air force to share information between them. Code language helps them communicate without the information being known to common people. Inside the Lab – C 19 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 91 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

EVS−II (Social Studies) Contents Class 3 7 Communities and Festivals������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1 8 Our Occupations���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 9 What Is History?����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 92 1/7/2019 2:30:37 PM

Lesson Communities and Festivals 7 Let Us Learn About R different communities of India. U the reasons for celebrating festivals. A how communities are created. h my classroom community. Think Rashi: Meher, I am sorry I fought with you three months ago. An agiary A derasar Meher: Oh! You said sorry that same day. Why are you saying sorry again today? Rashi: Today is ‘Paryushana Parva’. On this day, we Jains say sorry for the wrong things we did. We do this every year. It usually falls in August or September. Do Parsis do special things like this? Meher: Of course, we do! We celebrate Parsi New Year or Nowruz. Mom has the whole house cleaned. On this day, we go to the agiary to pray. Rashi: A Jain temple is called a derasar. So, an agiary is a Parsi temple, correct? Meher: Yes, you are right. Also, Rashi, I forgive you for that fight. Rashi: Oh thank you, Meher! NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 93 1 1/7/2019 2:30:38 PM

QQ. What are Meher and Rashi talking about? (A) their hobbies (B) their family celebrations (C) their classmates (D) their experiences at school Remembering India has many different communities. A community is a group of people who share a common culture. They have different languages, food and clothing habits. They also have various forms of art which include music, dance, drama, drawing, painting and writing. COMMUNITIES IN INDIA Communities are formed in many ways. People from a place form the community of that place. People from Mumbai form Mumbai’s community. Communities from the same place may share the same language. People who speak Assamese form the Assamese community. A religious community has people who follow the same religion. Some major religions practised across India are the following. • Hinduism • Islam • Buddhism • Jainism • Christianity • Sikhism • Zoroastrianism FESTIVALS Followers of the major religions of India People of the same religion usually celebrate the same festivals. A festival is a celebration of an event. We can learn about a community’s culture and traditions through its festivals. 2 1/7/2019 2:30:38 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 94

Understanding Different communities celebrate different festivals throughout the year. Many festivals are celebrated with new clothes, special food and traditional dances. Festivals can be broadly divided into national, harvest and religious festivals. NATIONAL FESTIVALS Three days are very important in all parts of India: Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti. These are known as national festivals. Republic Day is celebrated on 26 January. Republic Day Independence Day is celebrated on 15 August. celebrations Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated on 2 October. They remind us of the people who made India a free country. Harvest and RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS Many festivals celebrate the harvest season. Crops are gathered from the fields at the time of harvest. Farmers celebrate these festivals to thank nature for the crops. Some common harvest festivals are mentioned below. Harvest festival Community which celebrates Baisakh Punjabi people Magh Bihu Assamese people Onam Malayali people Pongal Tamil people The New Year’s days for different communities are also important festivals. Name of the festival Community which celebrates Gudi Padwa Marathi and Kannada people Poila Baisakh Bengali people Ugadi Kannada, Andhra and Telugu people Nowruz People of the Parsi community Some festivals celebrate the end of a long religious period. Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan. Eid-ul-fitr celebrates the end of Ramadan. Some Christians fast during the period of Lent. After Lent ends, Easter is celebrated. Communities and Festivals 3 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 95 1/7/2019 2:30:38 PM

Can you guess which festivals are shown in the given pictures? Fill in the blanks. __e__ub__i__ D__ __ B__i__a__h__ G__d__ Pa__w__ Events in the lives of gods and goddesses are also celebrated. For Hindus, Bonalu, Diwali and Ganesh Chaturthi celebrate visits of gods and goddesses to the Earth. Durga Puja and Dussehra are celebrated to mark good winning over evil. Christmas is an important celebration for Christians. It marks the birthday of Jesus Christ. Other Special Days Some special days are also celebrated all over India to remember the birthdays of important people. Date Special day Why is it celebrated? 14 April Ambedkar Jayanti Dr B R Ambedkar was a freedom fighter who helped to make laws for India. 5 September Teacher’s Day S Radhakrishnan was the President of India. He dreamed of excellent teachers in India. 14 November Children’s Day J Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He believed children were very important for India. There are many other festivals celebrated in India. Do you know of any other festivals of India? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4 1/7/2019 2:30:38 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 96

Application You can belong to many communities at the same time. Example: You can be a Bengali Christian, a Bihari Muslim or a Tamil Buddhist. Many people move from one state to another. Your parents or grandparents might have been from a different state. You may feel like you belong to your old state as well as your new state. People who share the same interests form communities. They celebrate their own festivals. People who love reading can form one community. People who love football can form another community. A person can thus belong to more than one community. Nowadays, people with similar interests create communities even on the internet. They share their ideas and stories. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Discuss the following with a partner. Make a booklet with their information and photographs. Use the following points. An example has been provided for you. • language or languages they speak • their family’s religion • state or region their ancestors belonged to • two hobbies • their favourite actor or actress Were there any similarities or differences between you and your classmate? Communities and Festivals 5 NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 97 1/7/2019 2:30:38 PM

Amazing Facts In a place called Lopburi in Thailand, there is a festival for monkeys. People leave fruit and treats on the road for monkeys to eat. Thousands of monkeys come to Lopburi to eat these fruit. People believe these monkeys bring good luck. New Words 1) religion – belief in a particular system of faith and worship 2) fast – to not eat for a certain period of time 3) ancestor – someone related to us who lived a long time ago 6 1/7/2019 2:30:38 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 98

Lesson Our Occupations 8 Let Us Learn About R  the meaning of occupation. U different kinds of occupations. A how occupations are changing. h occupations that are not common anymore. Think Rashi was not well. Her mother took her to the doctor. The doctor asked her to take medicines and eat green leafy vegetables. Now, they are on their way to buy medicines and vegetables. Rashi: Ma! Will I get better after I have the medicines? Mrs Jain: Yes, Rashi. You will be fine. A doctor checking Rashi: But I do not like medicines. They taste bitter. a child Mrs Jain: You have to eat them, dear. Now let us hurry up. We need to go to the greengrocer. The doctor said you need to eat green leafy vegetables to become strong. QQ. Who sells green leafy vegetables that the doctor asks us to take? (A) teacher (B) chemist (C) police (D) greengrocer NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 99 7 1/7/2019 2:30:38 PM

Remembering Greengrocers, doctors, chemists are occupations that people have. ‘Occupation’ means the job or work people do to earn money. They spend that money to buy things and pay bills. People choose occupations according to the following. • their interests • what they learn • their skills Example: Some people are interested in sports and fitness. They may become sportspersons or join the police or army. When people work, they either do some action or make something. Example: A teacher teaches. A potter makes pots. Here are some occupations that involve people doing some actions. Doctor Sweeper Teacher Policewoman Greengrocer Driver 8 1/7/2019 2:30:38 PM NR_BGM_9789386663214 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 3_Text.pdf 100