CO MPASS SERIES environmental studies textbook part - 2 3 Name: Learn@Home Sec�on: Roll No.: School:
Preface ClassKlap partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. Our books strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. ClassKlap presents the Compass series, designed specifically to meet the requirements of the new curriculum released in November 2016 by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE). Guiding principles: The 2016 CISCE curriculum states the following as its guiding principles for Science: Theme-based learning Relating science learning to the daily-life experiences of students Focus on skill/process development Providing opportunities for knowledge construction Infusion of environmental issues into the content Each of these principles resonates with the spirit in which the ClassKlap textbooks, workbooks and teacher companion books have been designed. The ClassKlap team of pedagogy experts has carried out an intensive mapping exercise to create a framework based on the CISCE curriculum document. Key features of ClassKlap Compass series: Theme-based content that holistically addresses all the learning outcomes specified by CISCE curriculum Opportunities for experimentation, analysis and synthesis of ideas and concepts Exposure to locally relevant environmental problem solving Focus on science-specific vocabulary building Promotion of participatory and contextualised learning through the engagement of all relevant stakeholders in the learning process All in all, the Compass Science books aim to enhance the learning of science, development of scientific temper and curiosity towards scientific activities along with the inculcation of healthy habits for environmental protection. – The Authors
Textbook Features • Use of simple, age-appropriate language • Activity-based approach to learning • Use of infographics and pictures to explain concepts and terms • Focus on subject-related vocabulary building I Think I Will Learn About • Introduces the concept/ • Lists the key learning subtopic in a manner as to outcomes of the lesson arouse curiosity and interest among students ? In-text Questions Pin-Up-Note • Oral discussion questions to check for learning and to • H ighlights the key points or gauge the understanding definitions level of the child Connect the Dots A Be Amazed • F osters interdisciplinary • Fascinating facts and trivia thinking by connecting other related to the concept subjects to an aspect of the taught concept Inside the Lab A Note to Parent • H ands-on experience • E ngaging activities to be done provided for creating, at home along with parents to designing or implementing reinforce the concept something innovative and/or useful based on the concept learnt
Contents 8 Taking Care of Myself and My Surroundings ���������������������������������������������..2 9 Our Neighbourhood �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������..9 10 Plants Around Us �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 Inside the Lab − B ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Activity B1: Pinwheels Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! 11 Animals Around Us ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 1 2 Transport ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������29 13 Let Us Communicate ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 14 Changes in Our Surroundings ����������������������������������������������������������������������42 Inside the Lab − C �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Activity C1: Be Your Favourite Animal Activity C2: Traffic Signals
Taking Care of 8Lesson Myself and My Surroundings I Will Learn About • the need for a healthy body. • keeping our body and clothes clean. • ways to keep our body healthy and strong. • keeping our home, classrooms and surroundings clean. • ways to be safe at home, school and neighbourhood. I Think When you come home after playing, does your mother tell you to wash your hands and legs? Why? Washing hands after playing The need for a healthy body We know that our body parts help us in many ways. Our body parts can do different kinds of work only when they are strong. We need a strong and healthy body to study and play well. To keep our body healthy, we need to take care of it. Let us see how we can do this. Keeping our body and clothes clean If we keep our body clean, we will stay healthy. Clean body and clean clothes keep germs and sickness away. 2
For this, we should: 2 wash our hands 3 wash our hands 1 take a bath and legs when we and mouth come back home before and after every day after playing eating our meals outside 4 brush our teeth 5 never bite nails; 6 avoid wearing the twice a day – once always keep them same dirty clothes after waking up in short and clean without cleaning the morning and using a nail cutter them once after dinner 7 change our play 8 wash our clothes 9 shampoo, comb clothes if they regularly and tie our hair become too dirty regularly Taking Care of Myself and My Surroundings 3
10 wash our hands with soap and water after using the toilet or playing with pets Ways to keep our body healthy and strong To keep our body healthy, we should follow some good habits. Let us see some of them. 1 Drink milk daily. 2 Eat healthy 3 Drink 5–6 glasses food like green of clean water vegetables, fruits, every day. fish and eggs. 4 Play outdoor games. 5 Do some exercise and/or yoga. ? Name any one healthy food item that we should eat. Keeping our home, classrooms and surroundings clean Our home, classrooms and surroundings should also be clean for us to be healthy. 4
We should: 2 always use 3 keep the dustbins 1 not litter our dustbins to throw covered surroundings waste ? Where should we throw In order to keep our bodies anything that we do not want? healthy, we should take care of ourselves and keep our surroundings clean. Ways to be safe at home, school and neighbourhood There are many things around us which may harm us. So, we need to keep ourselves safe. Being safe means not getting hurt or harmed. How can we keep ourselves safe? Let us see. Safety at home: To be safe at home, we should: • not open the doors for any person whom Being safe means not we do not know (strangers) getting hurt. • always ask our elders or parents before A stranger is any person going outside whom we do not know. • not play with sharp things such as a knife, scissors, blade, fork and so on • not go near fire or hot things • not light matchsticks, candle or crackers • not touch electrical wires, switches or plug points Taking Care of Myself and My Surroundings 5
Safety at school: To be safe at school, we should:d • not go alone to any place within the school • not push or pull others • not run down staircases, or across blind turns of corridors • be in a queue while getting on or off school buses • not go out of the school alone Safety at neighbourhood: When we go to any place outside our home or school, we should: • not talk to strangers or go with strangers • not take food from strangers • not run or play on the roads • not go anywhere away from parents or the person we are with • cross roads only with a grown-up person • not put our hands out of the window of a moving car or a bus Be Amaze A Zebra crossings are the black and white lines marked on roads. We should cross roads only at zebra crossings. These lines are called zebra crossings because they look like the stripes of a zebra. Stripes of a zebra Zebra crossing 6
Good touch and bad touch: There are three parts of our body that no one should ever touch. 1) our lips, 2) our chest, and 3) private parts, which we cover with our underwear. Only a parent may touch these body parts to give you a bath or clean you. If you do not like the way anyone touches you, say a loud no, scream and run. And then, tell your parent or teacher about it. Say no Scream Run 3) queue ? What should you do if you do not like the way anyone touches you? Connect the Dots English Fun Match the words with the pictures: 1) dustbin 2) zebra crossing a) b) c) Taking Care of Myself and My Surroundings 7
Maths Fun If a classroom has two dustbins, how many dustbins will be there in five classrooms? Number of dustbins in one classroom = 2 Total number of dustbins in five classrooms = 2 x 5 = A Note to Parent Help your child follow these six golden rules to be healthy. 1) Keep hands clean. 2) Do not put fingers in the mouth, ears or nose. 3) Drink lots of water. 4) Eat healthy food. 5) Be active every day – exercise and play outdoor games. 6) Get sufficient sleep. Also, encourage him/her to share the personal problems he/she faces at home, school or neighbourhood. You can ask leading questions related to: • people they dislike and reasons for it. • people, places or situations they are scared of. 8
9Lesson Our Neighbourhood I Will Learn About • places in the neighbourhood and their uses. • people who work in the neighbourhood places. • how to behave in neighbourhood places. I Think School Park You go to school to study and play. You may go to a park or a playground to play with your friends. What are the other places near your home? Places in the neighbourhood and their uses The area around our house is our neighbourhood. We have different types of places in our neighbourhood. Let us learn about some of them and how they are useful to us. We go to a market or a shopping Market Shopping mall mall to buy things that we need. Markets and shopping malls have many shops. 9
We go to a We go to watch ? Name the place hospital when we new movies in a where you go when get hurt or fall ill. movie theatre. you get hurt or are ill. Our neighbourhood includes all the places around our home. We go to bus stations and railway stations to catch buses and trains. Buses and trains help us to travel from one place to another. Bus station Railway station Do you know the name of the nearest bus stop to your home and school? Find out with the help of your teacher. We go to a post office We call the fire Police stations to send and receive station in case of are there to letters and parcels. a fire. protect us. 10
dBe Amaze A Did you know that our country has a post office that floats on water? This floating post office is set on a huge boat on the Dal lake in Srinagar. We keep our money and jewellery in a bank to keep them safe. ? In which neighbourhood place do we keep our money safe? Bank We go to temples, churches, mosques, or gurudwaras to pray. Temple Church Mosque Gurudwara Our Neighbourhood 11
People who work in the neighbourhood places We know about the places around us. Now, let us learn about the people who work in these places. 1 Doctors and nurses in hospitals treat us 2 Postmen in post offices and give medicines. deliver letters at home or office. 3 Police officers are 4 Firefighters in fire 5 Teachers and principals in there to protect us stations help us to schools teach us to read and write. from thieves and put out fire. harmful people. 6 Bus or train drivers drive the buses or trains. 7 Milkmen deliver Conductors give tickets to us to travel. milk to our home. 12
8 9 Most important people in the neighbourhood are sweepers and cleaners. They keep all the neighbourhood places clean. How to behave in neighbourhood places Our neighbourhood is like our home. It is our duty to protect all the places in our neighbourhood. To do so: • We should not spit or throw garbage near these places. • We should not write or draw anything on their walls. • We should always stand in a queue in banks or post offices. • We should not pluck flowers or leaves in a garden or park. • We should not make noise in a hospital. • We should not talk loudly on the phone in a movie theatre. • We should not spill or throw food in these places. Connect the Dots Maths Fun Ram’s neighbourhood has three schools, one hospital, one fire station, one police station and one post office. How many places are there in his neighbourhood in total? Total number of places in the neighbourhood = 3 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1= Our Neighbourhood 13
English Fun MN E U K T B AQV S K I D T L R QC L Find out the following B A N K OG P L G L words hidden in the Z V EOY Z XA Z T word search given. D T H X Y DM T R P HC ZOXC I I GK 1) SCHOOL S Z YGR L L PDX FWZ J D J T S K F 2) HOSPITAL X DG T GN E OC E DU L ZMS VH I D 3) PARK 4) BANK A Note to Parent Take your child around your neighbourhood to show different places. Talk to him/her about the use of each place. Also, make him/her understand the need to keep these places clean. 14
10Lesson Plants Around Us I Will Learn About • plants in our surroundings. • plants that grow on land and in water. • parts of a plant. • plant parts used as food. • medicinal plants used at home. I Think Rani goes to a nearby garden. She is surprised to see so many plants and colourful flowers in a garden. Can you help her name some? Plants in our surroundings We see many plants around us. We see plants in gardens, parks, forests and along the roadsides. Plants in a garden Roadside plants Forest trees 15
We can see some plants inside as well as outside our house. Do all plants look the same? No. Some plants are big. For example, mango, banyan, peepal, neem and so on. Plants in a house Mango Banyan Peepal Neem Some plants are small. For example, rose, basil (tulsi), mint and so on. ? Name any two Rose Basil (tulsi) Mint big plants. Some plants cannot stand straight. They need support to grow. So, they climb up the walls, sticks or other plants. Such plants are called climbers. For example, money plant, grapevine, cucumber and so on. Money plant Grapevine Cucumber Plants that grow on land and in water We usually see plants growing on land around us. 16
Have you seen plants in water bodies? Plants such as lotus and water lily grow in water. Lotus Water Lily Parts of a plant We have learnt about our different body parts like the head, trunk and limbs. In the same way, plants also have different parts. Look at the picture below. Roots, stem, leaves, Parts of a plant are: flowers and fruits are the different parts of a leaves, stem, flowers, plant. Most of the plants grow from seeds which fruits and roots. Seeds are found inside the fruits. are found inside the fruits. Flower Leaf Fruit Stem Seed Root Parts of a plant Plants Around Us 17
Plant parts used as food We know that plants have different parts. But do you know how each part is useful for us? We may eat one or more parts of a plant. Some as fruits, some as vegetables and some as pulses. Let us see some of them. Roots we eat Stems we eat Leaves we eat Flowers we eat Beetroot Carrot Potato Onion Spinach Lettuce Broccoli Cauliflower Fruits we eat Seeds we eat Mango Banana Rice Wheat Medicinal plants used at home We learnt about parts of a plant used as food. Some plants such as amla, ginger, neem, tulsi and so on are used as medicines. Amla Tulsi Ginger Neem ? Name any one plant that is used as medicine. 18
Be Amazed A Cashews You know that most of the fruits have seeds inside them. But some fruits like cashews have seeds outside them. Connect the Dots English Fun Complete the words to get the parts of plants. le1) v s fr2) t Maths Fun In a garden, there are 12 rose plants and 16 hibiscus plants. How many plants are there in all? Number of rose plants = 12 Number of hibiscus plants = 16 The total number of plants = Number of rose plants + Number of hibiscus plants = 12 + 16 = A Note to Parent Go for a walk with your child. Show him/her different plants on the way. Help him/her to identify some common plants and their parts. Tell him/her how we can protect the plants around us. Plants Around Us 19
B Inside the Lab Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity B1: Pinwheels A pinwheel is a toy made of paper. The wheel spins when blown on by a person or a breeze. You will need: coloured paper, pin, pencil and a pair of scissors. You need to: 1) Begin with a square piece of paper. 2) Fold the paper corner to corner, and then, unfold. 3) M ake a pencil mark about one-third of the way from the centre. 4) Cut along the fold lines. Stop at your pencil mark. 5) F old the alternate corners towards the centre, and put a pin through all the four corners. 6) F ix the pinwheel to a stick or straw. Your pinwheel is ready to spin! 20
Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! We know that plants have leaves. Let us now collect leaves of different plants and make a colourful leaf journal. You will need: a paper bag, chart paper, two sheets of plain paper, a pencil, an eraser and a set of colour pencils or crayons. You need to: 1) T ake a paper bag and collect as many types of leaves as you can. 2) M ake sure that you pick 3–4 leaves of the same plant. 3) O n a chart paper, trace the shapes of the Trace and paint leaves leaves that you have collected. 4) C olour the leaves with your favourite colours. 5) Show your colourful leaf journal to your friends. Alternatively, you can try leaf rubbing. For this, you need to: 1) keep the leaf in between two papers. 2) T hen, gently rub a crayon all over the leaf. Repeat the same using another leaf. Leaf rubbing Inside the Lab – B 21
11Lesson AUnsimals Around I Will Learn About • animals in the surroundings. • domestic animals and wild animals. • animals that live on land and in water. • body parts of animals. • sounds of animals. • taking care of the animals around us. I Think Riya sees many animals in her alphabet chart. Some are big; some are small. Some can fly, and some walk. She wants to know the different types of animals around her. Can you help her? Animals in the surroundings Animals can be seen all around us. Look at the pictures to see the differences in shapes, sizes and colours of different animals. Ant Bee Earthworm 22
Fish Frog Crow Snake Dog Cow Elephant Domestic animals and wild animals Do we all live in the same place and same type of home? No. In the same way, different animals live in different places. We find animals on farms and fields, forests, water bodies, trees, roadside and even inside our houses. Animals like dogs, cats and cows live with us in our neighbourhood. They are called domestic animals. We give them food, water and shelter. Domestic animals that live in our house are called pets. Example: dogs, cats, pet birds Pets Animals Around Us 23
Domestic animals that live on farms or fields are called farm animals. They are very useful to us. Example: cow, buffalo, goat, horse Can you label (write the names of) some farm animals shown in the picture below? Farm animals Animals are of two Some animals live in the forest. They are types: 1) domestic and called wild animals. 2) wild. You may have seen some wild animals at Domestic animals can a zoo. be farm animals or pets. Wild animals ? Name any two land animals. Animals that live on land and in water Do all animals live on land? No. Animals such as fish and dolphins live in water. Some birds like ducks, kingfishers, penguins and so on live in or near water. 24
Animals that live near water Animals that live in water Kingfisher Duck Dolphin Fish Some animals can live both Animals that live both on land and water on land and water. For example, frogs, turtles and crocodiles. Crocodile Frog Wing Body parts of animals Fin Like us, animals also have different body parts. Some of them have legs to walk, jump and run. Birds have wings to fly. Some animals have tails. For example, dogs and tigers. Tails help animals to balance when they walk, run, jump or fly. Monkeys use their tails to hold onto tree branches. Some animals do not have legs or wings. For example, snake, fish and worms. Fish, sharks and whales have fins to swim in water. ? Name any two animals that do not have legs or wings. Animals Around Us 25
Every animal is special and different from others. What makes the elephant different from other animals? It has big body parts. It has a big nose called the trunk. It has big ears and also, big teeth called tusks. Ear Eye Tail Tusk Trunk Leg Body parts of an elephant Be Amazed A The pattern on the body of a tiger is stripes. No two tigers have the same stripes on their bodies, just like our fingerprints. Sounds of animals Animals make different sounds to talk to each other. Every animal makes a different sound. Some of them make soft sounds. For example, snakes and bees. Some animals such as elephants, cows and lions make loud sounds. 26
We call the sounds of animals and birds by different names. Name of the Sound Name of the Sound animal bird lions roar tweet trumpet sparrows hoot elephants owls caw dogs bark crows screech snakes hiss quack cats mew eagles cluck bees buzz ducks frogs croak chickens Taking care of the animals around us Animals help us in many ways. They make our surroundings beautiful. We should take care of all animals around us. We should provide food and water to them. We can use bird feeders to give food and water to birds. We should not harm them. Connect the Dots English Fun Maths FunWrite rhyming words for the given animal names. Count the number of dogs and write it in the b1)o xcgaitv: en below. 2) fox: Animals Around Us 27
Maths Fun Count the number of dogs and write it in the box given below. A Note to Parent Tell your child about the animals found/seen near your house. Ask him/her to group the animals as wild and domestic. You may visit a zoo to show your child the variation and beauty in animals. Also, help him/her make masks of some common animals. 28
12Lesson Transport I Will Learn About • kinds of transport. • modes of transport. • parts of vehicles. • people who help in transport. • misuse of transport. • noise and smoke due to transport. I Think Your friend lives on the other side of the city. You want to meet him on a holiday. How will you go there? Kinds of transport Every day, you go to school. Your parents go to To travel means work. Sometimes, you go to visit your friends or to move from one travel to a beautiful place to spend vacations. place to another. You may go to school by a school bus, a car or a bicycle. Your parents may take a scooter, a bus or a car to reach their office. On a holiday, you may travel by an aeroplane, bus, train or boat. Sometimes, you have to move to a different place and take all your belongings with you. How will you move it from one place to another? 29
We use trucks or trains to move our things to a different city. Vehicles such as buses, cars, bicycles, scooters, trains, aeroplanes, boats, trucks, ships and so on are different kinds of transport. Moving or carrying people or materials from one place to another using vehicles is called transport. Moving people or Some special Vehicles materials from one place vehicles are to another using vehicles is called transport. used in times of need. These are called emergency vehicles. Ambulances, fire trucks, police vans and so on are some emergency vehicles. Ambulance Fire truck Police van Modes of transport Land, water and air are the different We use different vehicles for travelling through modes of transport. land, air or water. We can travel and move different things through land, water or air. These are known as modes of transport. We use bicycles, cars, trucks, trains and so on for transport on land. Train Bicycle Car Truck 30
We use vehicles such as boats, ships, rafts and so on for water transport. Boat Ship Raft Yacht We use vehicles such as aeroplanes, helicopters, hot-air balloons and so on for air transport. Helicopter Aeroplane Hot-air balloon ? Name any one vehicle used for water transport. dBe Amaze A Did you know there are some vehicles that can run on both roads and on water? Transport 31
Parts of vehicles Have you seen a car or a bus carefully? What all parts does it have? A vehicle has many parts. Many vehicles have two or more wheels. Some vehicles such as boats do not have wheels. All vehicles have seats. Vehicles like cars, buses, trains and aeroplanes have doors and windows. Sailboats or yachts have sails. Aeroplanes have wings and a tail to fly. Window Door Light Wheel Parts of a car Sails Parts of a boat Wing Tail Parts of an aeroplane 32
People who help in transport Many people help us in transport. For example, drivers drive vehicles like buses, trucks and trains, pilots fly aeroplanes, and sailors sail the boats. Driver Pilot Sailor Traffic police Look at the given picture. Have you seen him/her on the road? He/she is from traffic police. Traffic police control the vehicles running on the road. They help to make our travel easy and safe. You must have seen traffic signals on roads. Traffic signal Misuse of Transport Some people drive the vehicles very fast. They may harm themselves as well as others on road. We should drive vehicles slowly. We should follow traffic rules while driving on road. Some people may dirty buses and trains by throwing garbage, spitting, drawing or writing on them. Some may even damage the seats. These activities make these vehicles dirty and unhygienic for others to use. We should not dirty or damage transport vehicles. Transport 33
Noise and smoke due to transport You must have been out on a busy road. What all do you see? Some blow the horn loudly. It increases the noise on the road. It may disturb other people. Vehicles add smoke to the air too. This makes the air unhealthy. What can we do to change this? We should blow horns only when needed. We should also take care of our vehicles. Otherwise, they make noise, give out a lot of smoke and make the air unhealthy. Connect the Dots English Fun Look at the given picture. What do you see? Speak a few lines about it. 34
Maths Fun A car has four wheels. How many wheels do the given four cars have in all? 4 + 4 +4+4 = A Note to Parent Discuss with your child the vehicles used in different types of transport. Whenever you go out with him/her, show the traffic signals and sign boards. Explain their meanings. Transport 35
13Lesson LCeotmUmsunicate I Will Learn About • communication. • different ways of communication. • means of communication at home and in the neighbourhood. • uses and misuses of means of communication. I Think You recently watched a movie. You want to let your friend know about it. How will you do it? You can talk if he/she is near. You can talk on the phone if he/she is far. You can even write a letter to him/her. Communication Sharing our feelings or thoughts with others is called communication. There are different ways in which we communicate with each other. Let us learn about them in detail. 36
Different ways of communication Communication is mainly of two types − saying with words and saying without words. Communication with words: It involves writing and talking. Communication without words: This involves the use of body parts and expressions of your face. Let us see how we can Writing Talking communicate without words. Have you watched cartoon movies like Tom and Jerry on TV or a computer? They do not have any dialogues. How do we understand the story? You must have seen a traffic policeman on the Tom and Jerry road. How does he/she control the traffic? He/she does it by using hand movements or by blowing a whistle. Still, people understand what is to be done. We use movements of hands, shoulders and the head to communicate without words. Here are a few examples. 1) N od or shake your head: We nod or shake our heads to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. 2) W aving or clapping your hands: We wave our hand to say ‘hello’. We clap our hands to appreciate something. Let Us Communicate 37
Nod your Shake your Clap your When you see your head (yes) head (no) hands ? friends, you wave your hand. What does this say? Sometimes, the look on our face can tell about our feelings. 1) W hen we are happy, we have a smile on our face. 2) When a baby starts crying, the mother understands that he/she is hungry, sleepy or hurt. 3) When we are excited, we open Smiling Wink or joking our eyes or mouth widely. 4) We wink to signal that we are joking. We can communicate by words, body Do you know how people who cannot talk movements and or hear communicate with each other? They expressions. communicate using various hand movements and expressions. Means of communication at home and in the neighbourhood The things that help us to communicate are called the means of communication. What are the means of communication we use We use different at our homes and neighbourhood? Let us see. means of communication to Telephones help us to talk to people far away share our feelings and from us while we are at home. thoughts with others. Mobile phones help us to talk, message and share pictures with others. We can carry them wherever we go. 38
Computers with the internet help us to send and receive e-mails and make video calls. Televisions (TV) are used to watch movies, songs, sports and games. They help us to be up-to-date with the news. Newspapers help us to read ? Name any one means of the news. communication used in a family. Radio helps us to listen to the news, music and so on. Letters, postcards and parcels help us to send and receive written messages and parcels or gifts through the post. Telephone Mobile phones Computer with the Internet Watching TV with family Newspaper Inland letter Postcard Parcel Can you name other means of communication? Let Us Communicate 39
dUses and misuses of means of communication Imagine the world without telephones, televisions and computers! We use them every day. But, how do they help us? 1) Phones, letters, computers and the internet help us to stay in touch with our family and friends. 2) W e can learn new things from newspapers, TV, and the internet. We can use them in our studies. 3) M eans of communication are very important in case of emergency. For example, when we are hurt and need to call a doctor or need the help from our friends or neighbours, we can use the various means of communication. Sometimes, the same means and ways of communication can be harmful to us in the following ways: 1) Using mobile phones, computers or TVs for a long time is harmful. It may make our eyes and ears weak. It reduces our playing time, and we do not exercise enough. This affects our growth and health. 2) S ome people use bad words and behave rudely to others. We should not do that. Be Amaze A In olden times, when there were no telephones and Internet, people used pigeons to send messages. Sending messages using pigeons 40
Connect the Dots English Fun Find out the opposites for the following expressions. 1) happy: 2) cry: Maths Fun A sign language is used by the people who are unable to speak. The given picture shows numbers using a sign language. A Note to Parent Discuss with your child how we must be careful about what we hear and see on TV, the internet and so on. For example, we must not believe advertisements without fully knowing about the products being sold. We should not give our personal details like name, address and names of parents to strangers. Also, we should never share our pictures with strangers on the internet. Let Us Communicate 41
14Lesson Changes in Our Surroundings I Will Learn About • the sky in the morning, afternoon and evening. • cloudy and sunny days. • the sky at night – stars and the Moon. • weather. I Think Rani likes to watch the shining little spots in the sky at night. She wonders where they go in the daytime. Can you guess? The sky during the day and night is different. Let us see what we see in the sky during the day and night. The sky in the morning, afternoon and evening Look at the given picture. It shows the sky in the The sky in the daytime daytime. The day is usually bright and warm. We see the Sun shining in the sky. During the day, the Sun gives us heat and light. Sunlight helps us to see things around us. 42
Morning, afternoon and evening are the three parts of a day. Morning is the first part of the day. The Sun rises in the morning. This is called sunrise. Sunrise Morning sky Afternoon sky After the morning, comes the afternoon. The Sun is right up in the sky. It gets the hottest in the afternoon. It is difficult to look at the Sun. Evening is the last part of the day. It starts to get cool and pleasant. The Sun sets in the evening. This is called sunset. Playing in the evening Sunset Changes in Our Surroundings 43
Cloudy and sunny days The sky does not look the same every day. The day the Sun shines brightly in the sky is called a sunny day. Some days, there are clouds Sunny day Cloudy day in the sky. Clouds look like cotton balls in the sky. They are of different shape and colour. Dark clouds bring rain. When there are dark clouds, we may not see the Sun. We call such day a cloudy day. The sky at night – stars and the Moon After the Sun sets, it starts to get dark and cool. We do not see the Sun in the sky at night. We see the Moon and the stars. The Moon is the brightest object in the ? Which is the brightest night sky. It appears in a different shape object in the night sky? and size every night. Some days, it disappears completely. Such nights are very dark. There are many stars in the sky. They twinkle. They look small because they are very far away from us. Days and nights are different from each other. In the daytime, we see the Sun in the sky. At night, we see the Moon and the stars in the sky. The sky at night 44
Weather Every day is different. Some days are warm. Some are cool, some are windy, while some days are rainy. At times, it can be sunny in the morning, hot in the afternoon and cold at night. We call such changes in a day the weather. Weather can be sunny, cloudy, rainy, windy, snowy, cold, hot and so on. We know that on sunny days the Sun shines brightly. What do we see on a rainy day? There will be dark clouds in the sky, which bring rain. Sometimes, we may get to see a rainbow after the rains. What are the other things we get to see on a rainy day? ? Name any two types of weather. Be Amaze A d Have you ever seen a rainbow in the sky? It has Rainbow seven colours. A rainbow gets formed when sunlight falls on raindrops. Connect the Dots English Fun Read and enact this poem: The Sun gives light. So, the day is bright. Night has no light. So, we sleep at night. Changes in Our Surroundings 45
Maths Fun Draw the shapes of the Moon, the Sun and the star. Create a pattern using these shapes. A Note to Parent Make your child observe the changes in the surroundings during sunrise and sunset. Help him/her make drawings of sunrise and sunset. Also, help him/her write a poem about the weather he/she likes the most. 46
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