181010031-Alpine-G4-Textbook-English-FY

‘Do you know how electricity was discovered? Benjamin Franklin, an American scientist, flew a kite with a metal key attached to it in a thunderstorm. The lightning charged the key, and he got an electric shock. This proved what he had been thinking about – that lightning and electricity are related. Today, nothing in the world works without electricity.’ ‘I am already sweating at the very thought of no electricity!’ said Timee. ‘Now, imagine if Alexander Graham Bell had not invented the telephone! We would not be able to talk to people halfway across the globe while sitting comfortably in our homes. In fact, the internet, e-mail, computers, smartphones, tablets – all these have changed our lives so much. If you think about it, they are like miracles!’ ‘They are!’ said Timee. ‘Timee, you have no idea how much study is going on. From discovering the power of herbs in forests to exploring outer space. From the food we eat to the clothes we wear, science is doing wonders for us.’ ‘Didi, are there aliens in outer space?’ ‘Honestly, I don’t know about that.’ For once, Limee had no answers, and she kept quiet. ‘Then, I know what I will do when I grow up. I will science aliens’, said Timee proudly. aliens Limee fell laughing from her chair. ‘It is very good that you want to study science and be a scientist. But first get your spelling and grammar right. Otherwise, how will the aliens understand you?’ – Surbhi Sarna Let Us Discuss 1) What was Timee fed up of? 2) Who discovered electricity? 3) Who invented the telephone? 4) What does Timee decide at the end of the story? The Magical World of Science 97 V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 97 1/29/2018 3:40:31 PM

Understanding the Text Exercise 1: New words Meaning Word fed up process malaria miracles aliens Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What did Timee think about science at the beginning of the story? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) How did Timee describe a world without science? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) How was electricity discovered? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) How is science doing wonders for us, according to Limee? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Do you like science? Why or why not? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 98 V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 98 1/29/2018 3:40:31 PM

2) An invention is something that is created through an experiment. A discovery shows the existence of something. Given below are the names of a few things. Are they inventions or discoveries? Sort them. gravity   television   computer   bicycle   oxygen   fingerprints   needle   water cycle Inventions Discoveries Speaking Task Story telling Tell your partner a story that begins with the line: ‘The day I met an alien...’ The Magical World of Science 99 V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 99 1/29/2018 3:40:32 PM

Lesson Robot with a 17 Virus Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Words with two syllables – adjectives (stress the first syllable) Words with two syllables – nouns messy (stress the first syllable) honest parents modern robot lovely butler object Warm Up Activity • Do you know what a robot is? • Do you think that a robot is useful? Why or why not? Let us read a story about how a robot teaches a young boy an important lesson. 100 1/29/2018 3:40:33 PM V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 100

Reading the Text luxuries Rohit lived with his parents in a delighted butler lovely house that had all kinds of modern luxuries. Among them was a robot butler! Rohit didn’t help much around the house. However, he was delighted when his parents bought the latest model of a butler robot. Soon after its arrival, it went around cooking, cleaning, ironing and – most importantly – gathering up the clothes and toys scattered on the floor of Rohit’s bedroom. Rohit never liked picking up the clothes and toys from the floor. On the first day of the robot’s arrival, when Rohit went to sleep, he had scattered left his bedroom in a total mess as always. But when he woke up the next morning, everything was perfectly clean and tidy. In fact, it was too clean. Rohit couldn’t find his favourite T-shirt or his favourite toy. However much he searched, these two items were not to be found. Soon, a few of Rohit’s other things started to disappear too. Rohit looked suspiciously at the shiny robot. He planned to spy on it and began following it around the house. Not long after, he caught it red-handed, hiding one of his toys! caught it Off he went, running to his parents to tell them that the robot was not red-handed working properly and was badly programmed. Rohit asked them to have it changed. But his parents told him that it was impossible. They were delighted with the new robot and said that, besides everything else, it also cooked delicious food. Rohit continued complaining to his parents about how the robot was hiding whirring all his good stuff. One day, as the robot was whirring past on its duties, it heard Rohit’s complaints. The robot returned with one of his toys and some clothes. ‘Here, sir. I did not know it was bothering you’, said the robot, in its metallic voice. furiously ‘How could it not, you thief?! You’ve been stealing my stuff for weeks!’ Rohit shouted furiously. Robot with a Virus 101 V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 101 1/29/2018 3:41:32 PM

‘The objects were left on the floor. I, therefore, calculated that you don’t need them. I am programmed to collect all that is not needed. At night, I send these things to places where other humans can use them. I am a maximum-efficiency machine. Didn’t you know about this?’ the robot said with pride. Rohit felt ashamed. He had spent all his life treating things as efficiency though they were useless. He never took care of his things. It was true that many other people would be very happy to have those things. They would treat them with all the care in the world. He understood that the robot was neither broken nor wrongly programmed. In fact, it had been programmed extremely well! Since then, Rohit decided to become a ‘maximum-efficiency boy’. He started to take care of his things. He kept them tidy and made sure that he didn’t have more than necessary. He even gave away the extra things that he had to people who needed them more.  (Source: http://freestoriesforkids.com/children/stories-and-tales/robot-virus) Let Us Discuss 1) What were the tasks that the robot did in Rohit’s house? 2) W hat were the things that Rohit couldn’t find on the day after the robot’s arrival? 3) What did the robot say it had done with Rohit’s toys and clothes? 4) Why did Rohit feel ashamed? Understanding the Text Exercise 1: New words Meaning Word luxuries butler delighted scattered suspiciously caught it red-handed 102 1/29/2018 3:41:33 PM V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 102

Word Meaning programmed whirring furiously maximum efficiency Speaking Task Debate Is technology good? Divide your class into two groups. Group A will list points in favour of technology and the advantages. Group B will list points against technology and the disadvantages. Each group will then share its point of view. V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 103 Robot with a Virus 103 1/29/2018 3:41:34 PM

Lesson My Shadow 18 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Rhyming word Word Rhyming word see ball all Word bed play way me slow up head buttercup grow Warm Up Activity • Sometimes, when you are walking in the light, do you see something dark walking along with you? Do you know what it is called? • H ave you ever realised that its shape keeps changing? Do you know why that happens? Let us read a poem about what a child has to say about this. 104 1/29/2018 3:41:35 PM V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 104

Reading the Text I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me, And what can be the use of him is more than I can see. He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head; And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed. The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow, Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow. For he sometimes shoots up taller like an India-rubber ball, And he sometimes gets so little there’s none of him at all. He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play, coward nursie And can only make a fool of me in every sort of way. He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see; I’d think shame to stick to nursie as that shadow sticks to me! One morning, very early, before the Sun was up, dew I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup. buttercup But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head, Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed. – Robert Louis Stevenson Let Us Discuss 1) Who is ‘very very like’ the poet? 2) What is the funniest thing about the shadow? 3) What does the shadow not have a notion about? 4) What did the poet find on every buttercup? V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 105 My Shadow 105 1/29/2018 3:41:38 PM

Understanding the Text Exercise 1: New words Word Meaning India- rubber ball notion ought coward nursie dew buttercup arrant Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Mention two things that the shadow does with the child in the poem. Ans.   2) How does the shadow grow? Ans.  3) Why does the child call his shadow a coward? Ans.  106 1/29/2018 3:41:38 PM V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 106

4) What does the shadow do when the child gets up before the Sun? Ans.   Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Why do you think the shadow did not go along with the child very early before the Sun rose? Ans.   2) What does the child feel about sticking close to his nurse or caretaker? Why do you think he feels this way? Ans.  Speaking Task Interview In the poem ‘My Shadow’, the child describes how he spends his time by playing with the shadow. Divide your class into pairs. Ask questions to each other about the fun things that you do by yourselves. V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 107 My Shadow 107 1/29/2018 3:41:39 PM

S6 Speaking Project My favourite invention When it is raining, what does the car driver use to wipe the water away from the windshield? The driver uses a windshield wiper. Did you know that Mary Anderson invented the windshield wiper in 1905? Human beings have invented many things that have made our lives easier and more comfortable. Inventions are all around us. Speak about your favourite invention. Here are a few hints to help you get started: • Talk about who invented it. • Talk about any story behind it. • Also, share why you think it is useful. • Discuss how the invention could be used more interestingly. 108 1/29/2018 3:41:40 PM V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 108

R6 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Spit keeps our mouths moist and softens our food when we chew. Without spit in our mouths, we would have a hard time talking and swallowing. But for some animals, spit works better after it has left the mouth. Some animals are experts at surviving because they are expert spitters. Llamas are animals that like their personal space. A llama that feels threatened or annoyed will spit slimy gobs at you to get you to leave it alone. Sometimes, llamas even spit on each other to steal food! Llama spit includes food from the llama’s stomach, and it can be quite smelly. When a llama spits on another animal, the animal usually loses its appetite and walks away, leaving its food behind. The archer-fish is a very skilled spitter. It takes aim and spits jets of water at insects and other small creatures to knock them into the water. Then, it gulps them down quickly. Spitting cobras are also known for their expert aim. These snakes spray venom from their fangs to protect themselves. Scientists believe that these snakes actually aim for the eyes! When the cobra’s venom gets into the eyes of an animal, the venom causes terrible pain and even blindness. This gives the snake plenty of time to get away. 1) How does spit help human beings? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) How do spitting cobras protect themselves? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Write the present continuous tense form of each of the words below. a) walk – ___________________________ V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 109 109 1/29/2018 3:41:41 PM

b) talked – ___________________________ c) stole – ___________________________ 4) The meaning of ‘appetite’ is ______________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) soften a) continuing to live 2) surviving b) poison 3) venom c) to make soft Passage 2 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Once upon a time, there lived a beast in a faraway land. The beast lived in a large house that had a beautiful garden. It had flower-bearing plants and fruit-bearing trees. It was so beautiful that people could not stop praising it. Children especially loved it. They always came to play in this garden. But soon, the beast got irritated with them coming into his garden. The annoyed beast shooed the children away and built a huge wall around the garden. He stood at the gate, guarding it. The children were no longer welcome in his garden. The beast kept watch, and the children stayed away. Many days passed, the garden lost its vigour and did not bear any flower or fruit. One day, a small girl entered the garden without the beast noticing. Once inside, she was scared of being caught by the beast. So, she climbed a tree to hide from the beast. In her presence, the tree started flowering. Seeing the tree flower in the company of the girl, the beast realised his mistake. It broke open the garden gate and let all the children play happily. The garden thus grew beautiful once again. (Source: Adapted from http://www.itsaperfectstory.com/blogs/naturestories/page/3/) 110 1/29/2018 3:41:41 PM V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 110

1) Who loved the garden the most of all? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What did the beast do when he got irritated with the children? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Write the given sentences in the simple present tense. a) There lived a beast in a faraway land. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) It was so beautiful that people could not stop praising it. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ c) The annoyed beast shooed away the children and built a huge wall around the garden. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) The opposite of ‘pleased’ in the passage is  . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) beast a) being there 2) faraway b) a dangerous animal 3) present c) distant V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 111 Reading Comprehension 111 1/29/2018 3:41:41 PM

Glossary Sr. No. Words Meaning 1 acquaintance (n.) a person whom one knows but is not close to 2 adventure (n.) a dangerous yet enjoyable activity 3 aliens (n.) creatures from outer space 4 ancient (adj.) very old 5 archaeologist (n.) a person who studies objects from the past 6 arrant (adj.) complete; absolute 7 azure (adj.) having the blue colour of the clear sky 8 banquet (n.) a grand feast something that prevents movement from one place to 9 barrier (n.) another a wild pig 10 boar (n.) chained or tied to something 11 bound (adj.) the chief servant in the house of a rich person 12 butler (n.) a plant with small, bright, yellow flowers 13 buttercup (n.) cut skilfully 14 carve (v.) caught it caught during a crime 15 red-handed (v.) charmingly (adv.) pleasingly or delightfully 16 chimpanzees (n.) monkey-like animals with black or brown fur 17 classical music (n.) traditional music that follows strict rules 18 a sharp, curved part on the toe of an animal (such as a claw (n.) cat or a bird) 19 a state of confusion and excitement commotion (n.) the ability to control one's fear; bravery 20 courage (n.) someone who is not brave 21 coward (n.) clever in a tricky way 22 cunning (adj.) the way to solve a problem 23 cure (n.) the desire to know or learn about something new 24 curiosity (n.) slightly wet 25 damp (adj.) move quickly 26 dart (v.) very happy 27 delighted (adj.) to want or wish for something 28 desire (v.) droplets of water that form on cool surfaces at night 29 dew (n.) 30 V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 112 1/29/2018 3:41:41 PM

Sr. No. Words Meaning 31 disturbed (adj.) felt upset 32 divine (adj.) extremely delightful or amazing 33 drift off (v.) to fall asleep having drunk so much alcohol that normal actions (such 34 drunk (adj.) as talking, thinking, and moving) become difficult to do to do something very quickly and well 35 efficiency (n.) graceful or having good taste 36 elegant (adj.) an animal species that could die out completely 37 endangered (adj.) asked for information 38 enquired (v.) very tired 39 exhausted (adj.) fell down and became unconscious 40 fainted (v.) very interested in something or someone 41 fascinated (adv.) tired beyond one’s patience 42 fed up (phr. v.) a place designed to light a fire to keep a room warm 43 fireplace (n.) to order someone not to do something 44 forbid (v.) very angrily 45 furiously (adv.) provided with furniture 46 furnished (adj.) a member of a group of criminals 47 gangster (n.) Garden of the a mythical garden where golden apples grow 48 Hesperides (n.) garments (n.) pieces of clothing 49 gloomy (adj.) without happiness or hope 50 groceries (n.) supplies like food, meat and vegetables 51 heavenly (adj.) very pleasant or soothing 52 heavy-handed (adj.) strict and harsh 53 heedful (adj.) heritage (n.) mindful and attentive 54 traditions and beliefs that are handed down from the past 55 hoof (n.) the hard covering on the foot of an animal (such as a horse or a pig) 56 imprisoned (v.) locked up in the blink of an 57 eye (phr.) very quickly India-rubber ball 58 (n.) a ball that bounces very high intact (adj.) 59 Jade Emperor remain unharmed and in one piece (n.) 60 jobs (n.) the primary god in Chinese traditions 61 tasks that someone does to earn money 62 V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 113 1/29/2018 3:41:41 PM

Sr. No. Words Meaning 63 64 joyous (adj.) full of joy 65 66 kith and kin (n.) relatives 67 kneeling (v.) resting on one's knees 68 leisurely (adv.) in a slow and relaxed manner 69 luxuries (n.) expensive things that people enjoy but do not really need 70 71 malaria (n.) a disease from a certain type of mosquito bite 72 73 mane (n.) thick hair growing around the neck of animals such as 74 horses and lions 75 76 maximum (adj.) as high as possible 77 78 medium (n.) a channel of communication 79 melancholy (adj.) with a sad mood or feeling 80 melodies (n.) sweet-sounding music 81 82 melodious (adj.) sweet sounding 83 84 mince (n.) meat that is chopped or cut into small pieces 85 86 miracles (n.) amazing or wonderful occurrences 87 88 mistreat (v.) to not treat someone well 89 90 murmuring (v.) making a low, continuous sound 91 92 mythology (n.) a rich collection of traditional tales from a particular 93 culture 94 95 navigator (n.) someone who gives directions of travel 96 nibbled (v.) took small bites notion (n.) an idea or belief about something nursie (n.) nurse; caretaker nymph (n.) a female spirit that lives in rivers, mountains or forests observed (v.) said; remarked orchard (n.) a place planted with many fruit trees ought (v.) should pale (adj.) having a skin colour that is whiter than normal palette (n.) a plate to mix colours pallid (adj.) weak or dull patience (n.) the ability to wait calmly pits (slang) worst possible poised (adj.) in a ready position pound (n.) a basic unit of money in some countries in the UK process (n.) method programmed given a set of instructions to perform an action (adj.) V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 114 1/29/2018 3:41:42 PM

Sr. No. Words Meaning 97 props (n.) objects that are used in a play or performance 98 puff (n.) a short, sudden burst of breath 99 pursuit (n.) an attempt to achieve something 100 quince (n.) a hard, pear-shaped fruit 101 raft (n.) a flat, wooden structure used as a boat 102 regally (adv.) in a royal manner 103 regretted (v.) felt deeply sorry 104 revenge (n.) harm done in return for harm done 105 revolver (n.) a pistol that allows several shots to be discharged 106 rooster (n.) an adult, male chicken 107 rubble(n.) broken pieces of rocks or stones a nonsense word that has no meaning; created by Lear 108 runcible (adj.) and used in many of his other works frightened; afraid 109 scared (adj.) thrown all around 110 scattered (adj.) to make a face 111 screwed up (v.) a coin that was used in Britain; the value is less than that of a pound 112 shilling (n.) quick to get angry 113 short-tempered (adj.) a command to be silent 114 shush (n.) single-handedly done by a person by himself or herself 115 (adv.) sneaky (adj.) secretive 116 soaring (adj.) flying high 117 sorrow (n.) a feeling of great sadness 118 spanked (n.) slapped or hit with an open hand 119 spare me from his does not leave any chance of scolding or saying harsh tongue (phr.) things 120 speechless (adj.) not able to speak startled (v.) got shocked 121 stealth (n.) a secret, quiet and clever way of moving or behaving 122 stirrup (n.) two loops that are attached to a saddle for the rider’s feet 123 strange (adj.) different from usual 124 giving time and attention to gain knowledge of 125 studying (v.) something taken by great surprise 126 stunned (adj.) suspiciously with doubt or distrust 127 (adv.) 128 V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 115 1/29/2018 3:41:42 PM

Sr. No. Words Meaning 129 swirl (v.) to move in circles 130 swish (v.) to move with a soft sweeping or brushing sound 131 swooped (v.) pounced; moved down very fast 132 sword (n.) a weapon with a long blade and a handle 133 tarried (v.) delayed 134 temper (n.) the usual attitude, mood or behaviour of a person 135 thee (prn.) you (Old English) 136 threaten (v.) frighten someone to his amaze 137 (phr.) to his surprise 138 traditions (n.) ways of behaving or doing something by people of a particular group for a long time 139 tunnel (n.) an underground passage one of two children born on the same day to the same 140 twin (n.) mother 141 unenthusiastic not excited or interested (adj.) different from others 142 unique (adj.) made a sound; said something to move without any particular direction 143 uttered (v.) waste away moving very fast with a low, continuous sound 144 wandered (v.) very bad or unpleasant plants and trees that grow in natural conditions 145 wear away (v.) speak in a feeble or weak manner 146 whirring (v.) without any care 147 wicked (adj.) twisted and turned quickly 148 wild (n.) a cycle of twelve years with animal symbols for each year 149 with a whimper (phr.) 150 with abandon (adv.) 151 wriggled (v.) 152 zodiac (n.) n. Key prn. noun v. pronoun adj. verb adv. phr. adjective phr. v. adverb phrase phrasal verb V3_Alpine_English_G4_TB.indb 116 1/29/2018 3:41:42 PM