Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY

2) G iven below are some qualities that might make a person a hero. Discuss each quality with your classmates. Then, choose three qualities that you would like to have. Give reasons for your choices. courage, humility, patience, ability to understand other people, ability to work hard, honesty, kindness, helpfulness, sensitivity Ans.  I Speak Group discussion We all have examples of real-life heroes like M.K. Gandhi, Mother Teresa and Malala Yousafzai. Read or listen to the stories of these famous role models. Make two groups in class. Each group chooses a hero that it feels inspired by. The groups then list down their heroes’ qualities and share them with the class. Public speaking Parents, teachers and other elders often give us seemingly difficul tasks to complete. Tell your class about one such ‘Herculean task’ by answering the following questions: • What was the task set for you? •  Who set this task? • What were the challenges that you faced? •  Who helped you? • Did you manage to complete the task? •  What did you learn about yourself? Language Game Actual word Jumbled words Rearrange the jumbled words. Jumbled word GDROAN LASTA SANTAEU The Herculean Task 97 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 101 12/28/2017 11:27:30 AM

Jumbled word Actual word PYHMN DOGNEL RAINGOTAV Connect the Dots Maths Fun If each golden apple weighs 7 kg, how much would 3 such apples weigh? Social Studies Fun You have learnt earlier how different civilizations are connected with one another. The civilizations also influenced one another. The Romans were influenced by the Greek and Egyptian civilizations. Therefore, there are many similarities between the Greek and Roman myths. They also worshipped the same gods but with different names. For example, the goddess of love is known as ‘Aphrodite’ in Greek culture but as ‘Venus’ in Roman culture. Look at the following images of two ancient structures of the Greek and Roman civilizations. Colosseum of Rome Herodeon of Athens, Greece A Note to Parent This story is taken from a Roman myth. Tell your child stories from Indian mythology or that of other cultures. There is a lot to be learnt about cultures and human behaviour through myths and legends. They also make for fascinating stories. 98 12/28/2017 11:27:30 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 102

Lesson Beware of Mikhailovitch 14 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Words furnished gangster regal moustache fireplac scratching groceries acquaintance Warm Up • Have you ever changed houses? • Do you think changing houses and going to new places is good? Why or why not? Let us read a funny drama piece about a mysterious character named Mikhailovitch. NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 103 99 12/28/2017 11:27:30 AM

I Read Setting: A cosy living room in a cottage in Russia with a fireplace at the back. Two easy chairs and a sofa with a centre table are the only furniture in the living room. An old, worn-out rug is placed on the floor, close to the fireplace. fireplace Satish Anand – Cast a man in his forties; Meera’s husband Meera – a woman in her forties; Satish’s wife Satish and Meera’s nine-year-old son Aditya – the Russian landlord the Russian cleaning lady Yuri – Valentina – Satish: This is a lovely and beautifully furnished cottage. We were lucky to get it. It’s really cosy. Aditya: (sitting on the sofa) I’m tired, and I’m also bored. Meera: (sitting on the chair) Don’t worry. I’m sure you will make lots furnished of friends at school. Aditya: I’m cold. Satish: (moving to the fireplace and warming his hands) Come closer to the fireplace It’s warm. Aditya: (not moving) I’m hungry. Meera: Just wait for a bit. Yuri said Valentina would bring some groceries groceries very soon, and I’ll make you a sandwich. Satish: Meera, come here; I want to talk to you about something. Meera: (going close to him) Yes, what is it? Satish: Yuri told me a strange thing. Before he disconnected the call, he said, ‘Beware of Mikhailovitch’. I don’t understand what he meant. Meera: Shhh! Don’t let Aditya hear that. He might get scared. Aditya: I heard you! Who is Mikhailovitch? Satish: (with a forced smile) Nothing, son. 100 12/28/2017 11:27:30 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 104

Doorbell rings. Meera: (opening the door) Ah, it’s Valentina. Do come in. Valentina comes in, carrying packets of groceries. Valentina: Good evening, welcome to Moscow. I have brought the groceries. She goes into the kitchen to keep the packets. Valentina: I cleaned the cottage yesterday. If you need any help, I live close by. Do give me a call. Yuri is coming to meet you, and he will give you your local mobile phone and my number. Opens the front door and steps out. Valentina: Everything is fin here, but beware of Mikhailovitch. Valentina closes the door and leaves before the family can ask questions. Aditya: Who is Mikhailovitch? Satish: (uneasily) Don’t worry; I’m sure it’s nothing. Aditya: I’m sure Mikhailovitch is a gangster. A tall, huge man with a black hat gangster and a machine gun. Papa, I’m scared, I wish we hadn’t come. Satish: Be calm; Yuri is coming very soon. We’ll ask him. Meera, please make a sandwich for Aditya. Meera: (going to the kitchen) Of course, coming to help me? Aditya: No, we better be prepared in case Mikhailovitch comes in with his revolver gun. Papa, you don’t happen to have a hidden revolver, do you? Satish: (smiling) No, son. I don’t. There is a scratching sound at the front door. Aditya: (in a panicked tone) That must be Mikhailovitch, what should we do? Satish: (opening the door a little and laughing loudly) Come in. Aditya: Papa! Be careful, what are you doing? Satish opens the door, and a beautiful, white cat walks in regally, with measured steps, goes to the rug near the fireplace and settles down. Satish: This cat must belong to the owners of the cottage, see how comfortable regally it is. Aditya: (with a relieved sigh) I was very frightened. Satish and Aditya share a smile. Beware of Mikhailovitch 101 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 105 12/28/2017 11:27:30 AM

Meera: What was the commotion? Oh my goodness, what do we have here? What a beauty! Come here. The cat ignores everyone and makes itself comfortable. Aditya: Mummy, we were really scared just now. The cat scratched the commotion door, and I thought it was Mikhailovitch. When Papa opened the door, I got really scared. Meera: (smiling) We’ll clear this mystery of Mikhailovitch once and for all when Yuri comes. Now, be a good boy and have your snack. Aditya goes into the kitchen and returns with a look of surprise. Aditya: Mummy, where are the sandwiches? There is an empty plate on the table. Meera: (stunned) I made them just now. What could have happened? Aditya: Mummy, I’m terrified Do you think Mikhailovitch came in through the kitchen window and took the sandwiches? Doorbell rings. Satish opens the door. Satish: It’s Yuri. Do come in. Yuri: (shaking hands with Satish) Welcome to our country! I’m sure you will acquaintance enjoy yourself here. This cottage is very comfortable except for one thing. Ah! I see Mikhailovitch has made your acquaintance, naughty boy. Satish, Meera and Aditya: Who is Mikhailovitch? Yuri: (pointing to the cat) There he is. Is there any food missing? He is always hungry and steals all the food in the kitchen. Beware of Mikhailovitch! Everyone bursts out laughing, and the looks of worry on the faces of Satish and Meera disappear. – Manjula Shukla Let Us Discuss 1) In which country is the play set? 2) What was the strange thing that Yuri said over the phone? 3) Who did Aditya think Mikhailovitch was? 4) Who was Mikhailovitch? 102 12/28/2017 11:27:30 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 106

I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word fireplac furnished groceries gangster revolver regally commotion acquaintance I Speak Role play A play is written for the stage. This story about Mikhailovitch is presented in the form of a drama or play. Divide your class into groups. You can enact the play or read it out using voice modulation and expressions for the different characters. Group discussion Get into groups of three. Now, imagine that Mikhailovitch wasn’t a cat after all. Think of a different ending for the play in your group. Write it down and share your ending with the rest of the class. Vote for a group other than your own that you think presented the best ending. Beware of Mikhailovitch 103 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 107 12/28/2017 11:27:31 AM

Language Game Many words from one Come up with as many words as you can by using the letters of the name MIKHAILOVITCH in one minute. See who gets the most words in your class. Connect the Dots Maths Fun Meera has made 13 sandwiches. She needs to divide them equally among Aditya, Yuri, Satish and herself. But Mikhailovitch has stolen 2. How many parts will she have to divide them into so that all four individuals can get an equal share? Science Fun Did you know that the cat family comprises of 37 cat species, including animals like the cheetah, the lion and the tiger? Collect pictures of other animals that belong to this family, and make a chart for your science lab. A Note to Parent Encourage your child to learn more about theatre and plays. Try taking them for a play in your locality. 104 12/28/2017 11:27:31 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 108

Lesson Going Downhill 15 on a Bicycle Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Rhyming word Word Rhyming word hill swift lift Word fl joy boy still air – cry – share Warm Up • Do you know cycling? Do you like to cycle? Why or why not? • Have you ever cycled down a hill? How do you think you would feel while cycling down a hill? Share your thoughts. Let’s read a poem in which a boy describes the fun of riding downhill on a bicycle. NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 109 105 12/28/2017 11:27:31 AM

I Read With lifted feet, hands still, heedful I am poised and down the hill Dart, with heedful mind; The air goes by in a wind. dart poised Swifter and yet more swift, Till the heart with a mighty lift Makes the lungs laugh, the throat cry, ‘O bird, see; see, bird, I fly Is this, is this your joy? O bird, then I, though a boy, For a golden moment share, Your feathery life in air!’ – Henry Charles Beeching Let Us Discuss 1) What is the boy doing in the poem? 2) What kind of mind does the boy have when he darts down the hill? 3) According to the boy, how does the air go? 4) To whom does the boy compare his joy? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word poised dart heedful 106 12/28/2017 11:27:31 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 110

Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Describe the boy’s position before going down the hill. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) What happens when the boy goes ‘swifter and yet more swift’? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) What does the boy ask the bird to see? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) How does the boy compare himself to the bird? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) What do you think the boy thinks about the lives of birds? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) The poem is about feeling joyful. What kinds of activities give you a feeling of joy? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Going Downhill on a Bicycle 107 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 111 12/28/2017 11:27:31 AM

I Speak Ask and answer question People often get lost when they are travelling or when they are in a new place. Imagine that your partner is a new student. Take turns and help them by giving directions to different places in your school. You could also try giving them directions from the school to your house. Group discussion Make groups of four. Discuss the mode of transportation – air, water or land – that you think is the best. Give reasons for your choice. Language Game Group them up Here are some words. Group the rhyming words. Work with a partner to play this game. See which pair can do this the fastest. Hint: Each group will have three words that rhyme with each other. coal blue food pole light hook shoe site palace malice too rude whole Alice shook sight book mood Connect the Dots Maths Fun A sports shop has 12 tricycles, 15 bicycles and 8 unicycles. How many cycle wheels are there in the sports shop? unicycle bicycle tricycle 108 12/28/2017 11:27:31 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 112

Science Fun Why do you think it is faster and easier to go downhill on a bicycle than uphill? This happens because of gravity. Gravity keeps all things rooted to the surface of the Earth. The more we go against gravity, the more difficult it becomes to perform any action. While going downhill, we are going along with gravity, which makes the journey faster and easier! A Note to Parent Emphasise the importance of eco-friendly means of transportation such as cycling and walking. Be a role model for your child by practising eco-friendly methods of living whenever possible. Going Downhill on a Bicycle 109 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 113 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

S5 Speaking Project Travel preparations Travelling is fun. We get to see, learn and experience many things when we travel. But before a journey, there is a lot of preparation that goes into making our journey comfortable and safe. Do you know how one should prepare for a journey? Can you share your preparation plans with your classmates? Hints: • How many days in advance do you start preparing for travel? • What kind of preparation is needed? (things that need to be packed, helping parents select a hotel, making lists and helping with household work before going for a holiday and so on) • What do you do on the day of travel? 110 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 114

R5 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the story and answer the questions given below. ‘It is a wonderful book, Maa’, Barun replied happily. ‘I am reading about Rakesh Sharma right now.’ ‘So you are reading about the first Indian to go to space’, said his mother. She sat on the bed beside her son and asked him, ‘Have you read about Kalpana Chawla?’ Barun started reading about Kalpana Chawla in the evening. Kalpana Chawla was born in 1962 in Karnal in the state of Haryana. Nicknamed ‘Montu’ by her family, she went to school at the age of three. Later, she studied Aeronautical Engineering at Punjab Engineering College, India. In 1982, Kalpana went to the USA to study at the University of Texas at Arlington. In 1988, she became a research scientist at NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, California. In November 1996, Kalpana joined the STS-87 mission aboard space shuttle Columbia. The mission flew in November–December 1997, during which Kalpana spoke with the then Prime Minister of India, Mr Inderjit K. Gujral, from the orbit. On 16th January, 2003, Kalpana again went into space. She was on board the space shuttle Columbia. After a successful flight, Columbia was lost with its crew during re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere on 1st February, 2003. A hill on Mars and a star in deep space have been named after Kalpana. Her story shows the value of hard work and sincerity that is remembered even when one is no more. 1) Who was the first Indian to go to space? Ans. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Where was Kalpana Chawla born? Ans. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 115 111 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

3) Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the options given in brackets. a) Kalpana Chawla was born _____________________ (on/in) Haryana. b) S he was _____________________ (under/among) a group of astronauts who travelled to outer space. c) The rocket flew _____________________ (over/with) the Earth. 4) Another word for ‘answer’ in the passage is  . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) space shuttle a) honesty 2) crew b) spacecraft 3) sincerity c) team Passage 2 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Kite flying is one of the world’s oldest sports. In China, people used to fly different coloured kites to send different messages. No one knows for certain who invented kites. Some historians believe that the Egyptians were the first to fly kites. Ancient Egyptian carvings depict men flying objects attached to strings. Some believe that Ancient Greeks invented kites, while others believe that the Chinese made the first kites. Throughout the centuries, kites have been used for various purposes. Once, a Chinese emperor who had been imprisoned was saved by a kite. His followers flew a huge kite over the tower in which the emperor was imprisoned. Recognising the kite, he took hold of the huge ropes hanging from the kite and flew away to freedom. Benjamin Franklin used a kite to prove that lightning is a form of electricity. He flew a kite in a thunderstorm and was almost killed when lightning travelled down the wet string and lit up his instruments. The kite was also responsible for the invention of aeroplanes. The Wright Brothers flew many kinds of kites and studied their movements before making the first aeroplane. Actually, the first aeroplane was a huge kite glider that was specially made to carry an engine and a person. 112 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 116 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

1) Which is one of the world’s oldest sports? Ans. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Who used a kite to prove that lightning is a form of electricity? Ans. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Write the past tense of the words given below. a) fly – ___________________________ b) make – ___________________________ c) take – ___________________________ 4) The meaning of the word ‘ancient’ is _____________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) invented a) a period of hundred years 2) historian b) created for the first time 3) century c) someone who studies and records history Reading Comprehension 113 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 117 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

Why are we studying this theme? Great human minds have worked hard to understand the world and make it a better place. Science and technology have changed the face of the world we live in. Let us read two stories and a poem that tell us more about the wonders of science. NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 118 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

Lesson The Magical 16 World of Science Let Us Start Listen and say aloud According to scientists, this is the hardest tongue twister. Try it out. pad kid poured curd pulled cod Warm Up • S cience is a field of study. It focuses on finding and describing the world around us through observation and experimentation. Do you think it would be difficult to live without science? • L ook around you and name a few things in your classroom that are there because of science. Let us read a story that will tell us about the magical world of science. NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 119 115 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

I Read ‘S-C-I-E-N-C-E.’ Timee was trying hard to learn the spelling of ‘science’ for her dictation test the next day. She always got it wrong. ‘Why do we have to learn spellings? Why do we have to learn history? Why fed up do we have to learn tables? And why in the world do we have to study science? Why?’ asked Timee. She was fed up of trying to remember things that she could not understand. Limee, her elder sister, was watching her. ‘Timee, science is not hard at all. If you understand it, you will remember it easily’, said Limee. ‘But Didi, even if I understand it, so what? It is the most boring subject in the world. It is just diagrams and explain-the-working- of-this and what-is-this-process-called! Humph! What is the use of science?’ Limee looked at her sister in surprise. ‘Just try to imagine your process world without science.’ ‘I can imagine it very well. There would be no science subject and no science teacher! In that period, we would watch cartoons, eat ice cream and draw. It would be delightful, Didi!’ ‘My dear sister, if there were no science, you would be living in a cave with no electricity. No electricity would mean no television or fridge. And no ice cream, eh? There would be no books and no pencils. And, just by chance, if a mosquito were to bite you in malaria the cave, you could get malaria. There would be no medicines to cure you.’ Timee scratched her head. ‘Science is a part of our life’, Limee went on. ‘It helps us and makes our lives better. Look around; what do you see in this room?’ ‘I see my notebook, pencil, my bed, Mama’s mobile phone, the fan and you!’ said Timee. ‘All the things that are there in this world work according to certain rules. Even your body. Since ancient times, people have questioned, studied and understood these rules. Then, they used this knowledge and invented new things.’ ‘Hmmm’, said Timee, thinking hard. 116 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 120 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

‘Do you know how electricity was discovered? Benjamin Franklin, an American scientist, fle a kite with a metal key attached to it in a thunderstorm. The lightning charged the key, and he got an electric shock. This proved what he had been thinking about – that lightning and electricity are related. Today, nothing in the world works without electricity.’ ‘I am already sweating at the very thought of no electricity!’ said Timee. ‘Now, imagine if Alexander Graham Bell had not invented the telephone! We would not be able to talk to people halfway across the globe while sitting comfortably in our homes. In fact, the internet, e-mail, computers, smartphones, tablets – all these have changed our lives so much. If you think about it, they are like miracles!’ ‘They are!’ said Timee. ‘Timee, you have no idea how much study is going on. From discovering the power of herbs in forests to exploring outer space. From the food we eat to the clothes we wear, science is doing wonders for us.’ ‘Didi, are there aliens in outer space?’ ‘Honestly, I don’t know about that.’ For once, Limee had no answers, and she kept quiet. ‘Then, I know what I will do when I grow up. I will science aliens’, said Timee proudly. aliens Limee fell laughing from her chair. ‘It is very good that you want to study science and be a scientist. But firs get your spelling and grammar right. Otherwise, how will the aliens understand you?’ – Surbhi Sarna Let Us Discuss 1) What was Timee fed up of? 2) Who discovered electricity? 3) Who invented the telephone? 4) What does Timee decide at the end of the story? The Magical World of Science 117 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 121 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word fed up process malaria miracles aliens Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What did Timee think about science at the beginning of the story? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) How did Timee describe a world without science? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) How was electricity discovered? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) How is science doing wonders for us, according to Limee? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Do you like science? Why or why not? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 118 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 122 12/28/2017 11:27:32 AM

2) An invention is something that is created through an experiment. A discovery shows the existence of something. Given below are the names of a few things. Are they inventions or discoveries? Sort them. gravity   television   computer   bicycle   oxygen   fingerprint    needle   water cycle Inventions Discoveries I Speak Group activity Do a mini-project on a famous scientist with your group. Then, tell your class about the scientist and his or her inventions/discoveries and life. Story telling Tell your partner a story that begins with the line: ‘The day I met an alien...’ Language Game Do you know your idioms? Your teacher will write a few idioms on slips and put them in a bowl. Pick one slip and enact the idiom for your classmates to guess. The person who takes the least time to correctly guess wins. Remember, you need to brush up your vocabulary to understand and act out the idiom! The Magical World of Science 119 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 123 12/28/2017 11:27:33 AM

Connect the Dots Maths Fun A friendly alien comes to your house one day. He tells you that his family has ¼th of the total number of people in your house. If there are 20 people in your house, how many people are there in the alien’s family? Science Fun Read what these scientists do. • astronomer – studies the planets, stars and galaxies • geologist – studies the Earth • ornithologist – studies birds • psychologist – studies the mind • botanist – studies plant life • zoologist – studies animal life geologist ornithologist A Note to Parent Introduce your child to science in daily life. For example, kitchen appliances such as the fridge, a toaster or the transport that we use. Help your child to make a scrapbook with pictures of appliances, when they were invented and pictures of what they look like now. 120 12/28/2017 11:27:33 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 124

Lesson Robot with a 17 Virus Let Us Start Words with two syllables – adjectives (stress the first syllable) Listen and say aloud messy Words with two syllables – nouns honest (stress the first syllable) modern parents lovely robot butler object Warm Up • Do you know what a robot is? • Do you think that a robot is useful? Why or why not? Let us read a story about how a robot teaches a young boy an important lesson. NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 125 121 12/28/2017 11:27:33 AM

I Read luxuries Rohit lived with his parents in a delighted butler lovely house that had all kinds of modern luxuries. Among them was a robot butler! Rohit didn’t help much around the house. However, he was delighted when his parents bought the latest model of a butler robot. Soon after its arrival, it went around cooking, cleaning, ironing and – most importantly – gathering up the clothes and toys scattered on the floo of Rohit’s bedroom. Rohit never liked picking up the clothes and toys from the floor On the firs day of the robot’s arrival, when Rohit went to sleep, he had scattered left his bedroom in a total mess as always. But when he woke up the next morning, everything was perfectly clean and tidy. In fact, it was too clean. Rohit couldn’t fin his favourite T-shirt or his favourite toy. However much he searched, these two items were not to be found. Soon, a few of Rohit’s other things started to disappear too. Rohit looked suspiciously at the shiny robot. He planned to spy on it and began following it around the house. Not long after, he caught it red-handed, hiding one of his toys! caught it Off he went, running to his parents to tell them that the robot was not red-handed working properly and was badly programmed. Rohit asked them to have it changed. But his parents told him that it was impossible. They were delighted with the new robot and said that, besides everything else, it also cooked delicious food. Rohit continued complaining to his parents about how the robot was hiding whirring all his good stuff. One day, as the robot was whirring past on its duties, it heard Rohit’s complaints. The robot returned with one of his toys and some clothes. ‘Here, sir. I did not know it was bothering you’, said the robot, in its metallic voice. furiously ‘How could it not, you thief?! You’ve been stealing my stuff for weeks!’ Rohit shouted furiously. 122 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 126 12/28/2017 11:27:33 AM

‘The objects were left on the floor I, therefore, calculated that you don’t need them. I am programmed to collect all that is not needed. At night, I send these things to places where other humans can use them. I am a maximum-efficiency machine. Didn’t you know about this?’ the robot said with pride. Rohit felt ashamed. He had spent all his life treating things as efficiency though they were useless. He never took care of his things. It was true that many other people would be very happy to have those things. They would treat them with all the care in the world. He understood that the robot was neither broken nor wrongly programmed. In fact, it had been programmed extremely well! Since then, Rohit decided to become a ‘maximum-efficienc boy’. He started to take care of his things. He kept them tidy and made sure that he didn’t have more than necessary. He even gave away the extra things that he had to people who needed them more.  (Source: http://freestoriesforkids.com/children/stories-and-tales/robot-virus) Let Us Discuss 1) What were the tasks that the robot did in Rohit’s house? 2) W hat were the things that Rohit couldn’t find on the day after the robot’s arrival? 3) What did the robot say it had done with Rohit’s toys and clothes? 4) Why did Rohit feel ashamed? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Robot with a Virus 123 Word luxuries 12/28/2017 11:27:33 AM butler delighted scattered suspiciously NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 127

Word Meaning caught it red-handed programmed whirring furiously maximum efficienc I Speak Public speaking If you had a robot gifted to you by your parents, what would you like the robot to do for you? How would you take care of it? You can use the following hints: • ‘If I had a robot, I would name it...’ • ‘My robot will not only help me in doing... but it would also...’ • ‘I will treat my robot like...’ Debate Is technology good? Divide your class into two groups. Group A will list points in favour of technology and the advantages. Group B will list points against technology and the disadvantages. Each group will then share its point of view. 124 12/28/2017 11:27:33 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 128

Language Game Jumbled words Rearrange the jumbled words. Jumbled word Actual word Jumbled word Actual word BORTO LREBTU RWHIRNGI AXMUMMI FEIFICNEYC XUISERUL Connect the Dots Maths Fun Your robot has finished a cleaning task 6 times faster than you have. If the robot has taken 3 hours, how long have you taken? Science Fun You know that a robot is a machine that does things without the help of people. People usually think that robots look and act like human beings. However, most robots do not look like humans. Here is a picture of Roomba, a cleaning robot that is available in India. A Note to Parent Encourage your child to help with household chores. Even if there is a person available to help, children should do their work as much as possible. They should learn to keep their things neat and tidy. Teach your child to be independent. Robot with a Virus 125 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 129 12/28/2017 11:27:34 AM

Lesson My Shadow 18 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Word Rhyming word Word Rhyming word me see ball all head bed play way grow slow up buttercup Warm Up • Sometimes, when you are walking in the light, do you see something dark walking along with you? Do you know what it is called? • Have you ever realised that its shape keeps changing? Do you know why that happens? Let us read a poem about what a child has to say about this. 126 12/28/2017 11:27:34 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 130

I Read I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me, And what can be the use of him is more than I can see. He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head; And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed. The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow, Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow. For he sometimes shoots up taller like an India-rubber ball, And he sometimes gets so little there’s none of him at all. He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play, coward nursie And can only make a fool of me in every sort of way. He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see; I’d think shame to stick to nursie as that shadow sticks to me! One morning, very early, before the Sun was up, dew I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup. buttercup But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head, Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed. – Robert Louis Stevenson Let Us Discuss 1) Who is ‘very very like’ the poet? 2) What is the funniest thing about the shadow? 3) What does the shadow not have a notion about? 4) What did the poet find on every buttercup? My Shadow 127 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 131 12/28/2017 11:27:34 AM

I Understand Exercise 1: New words Word Meaning India- rubber ball notion ought coward nursie dew buttercup arrant Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Mention two things that the shadow does with the child in the poem. Ans.   2) How does the shadow grow? Ans.  3) Why does the child call his shadow a coward? Ans.  4) What does the shadow do when the child gets up before the Sun? 12/28/2017 11:27:34 AM Ans.  128 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 132

Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) W hy do you think the shadow did not go along with the child very early before the Sun rose? Ans.   2) What does the child feel about sticking close to his nurse or caretaker? Why do you think he feels this way? Ans.  I Speak Group discussion In some cultures, it was considered unlucky to see one’s shadow while looking at the mirror. In Egyptian culture, the shadow of a person under an umbrella was considered lucky. A shadow is formed by light. When an object doesn’t allow light to pass through it, a shadow forms. This is the scientific explanation for how shadows are formed. However, when people do not understand something, superstitions are born. A superstition is something that people do because they believe it is lucky or unlucky. There is often no scientific reason for the belief or practice. For example, the fear of Friday the 13th is a popular superstition. Do you know of superstitions from your culture? Sit in groups of five and share the popular superstitions that you are aware of. Try to think about how these superstitions may have developed. Interview In the poem ‘My Shadow’, the child describes how he spends his time by playing with the My Shadow 129 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 133 12/28/2017 11:27:34 AM

shadow. Divide your class into pairs. Ask questions to each other about the fun things that you do by yourselves. Language Game Which is the correct shadow? Match the correct shadow to the picture. Once you are done, list as many words that you can think of that begin with the sound ‘sh’. How many did you get? Connect the Dots Maths Fun If there are 5 men, 3 women, 2 children and 6 dogs standing in a dark room, how many shadows will you see? Social Studies Fun Do you know what an eclipse is? It is shadows at play. A shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon results in a lunar eclipse. Similarly, a shadow cast by the Moon on the Earth results in a solar eclipse. A Note to Parent Do you remember having fun with shadows in a dimly lit room? Relive the experience with your child by doing some shadow play with your hands. 130 12/28/2017 11:27:34 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 134

S6 Speaking Project My favourite invention When it is raining, what does the car driver use to wipe the water away from the windshield? The driver uses a windshield wiper. Did you know that Mary Anderson invented the windshield wiper in 1905? Human beings have invented many things that have made our lives easier and more comfortable. Inventions are all around us. Speak about your favourite invention. Here are a few hints to help you get started: • Talk about who invented it. • Talk about any story behind it. • Also, share why you think it is useful. • Discuss how the invention could be used more interestingly. NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 135 131 12/28/2017 11:27:34 AM

R6 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Spit keeps our mouths moist and softens our food when we chew. Without spit in our mouths, we would have a hard time talking and swallowing. But for some animals, spit works better after it has left the mouth. Some animals are experts at surviving because they are expert spitters. Llamas are animals that like their personal space. A llama that feels threatened or annoyed will spit slimy gobs at you to get you to leave it alone. Sometimes, llamas even spit on each other to steal food! Llama spit includes food from the llama’s stomach, and it can be quite smelly. When a llama spits on another animal, the animal usually loses its appetite and walks away, leaving its food behind. The archer-fish is a very skilled spitter. It takes aim and spits jets of water at insects and other small creatures to knock them into the water. Then, it gulps them down quickly. Spitting cobras are also known for their expert aim. These snakes spray venom from their fangs to protect themselves. Scientists believe that these snakes actually aim for the eyes! When the cobra’s venom gets into the eyes of an animal, the venom causes terrible pain and even blindness. This gives the snake plenty of time to get away. 1) How does spit help human beings? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) How do spitting cobras protect themselves? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 132 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 136

3) Write the present continuous tense form of each of the words below. a) walk – ___________________________ b) talked – ___________________________ c) stole – ___________________________ 4) The meaning of ‘appetite’ is ______________________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) soften a) continuing to live 2) surviving b) poison 3) venom c) to make soft Passage 2 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Once upon a time, there lived a beast in a faraway land. The beast lived in a large house that had a beautiful garden. It had flower-bearing plants and fruit-bearing trees. It was so beautiful that people could not stop praising it. Children especially loved it. They always came to play in this garden. But soon, the beast got irritated with them coming into his garden. The annoyed beast shooed the children away and built a huge wall around the garden. He stood at the gate, guarding it. The children were no longer welcome in his garden. The beast kept watch, and the children stayed away. Many days passed, the garden lost its vigour and did not bear any flower or fruit. One day, a small girl entered the garden without the beast noticing. Once inside, she was scared of being caught by the beast. So, she climbed a tree to hide from the beast. In her presence, the tree started flowering. Seeing the tree flower in the company of the girl, the beast realised his mistake. It broke open the garden gate and let all the children play happily. The garden thus grew beautiful once again. (Source: Adapted from http://www.itsaperfectstory.com/blogs/naturestories/page/3/) Reading Comprehension 133 NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 137 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM

1) Who loved the garden the most of all? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What did the beast do when he got irritated with the children? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Write the given sentences in the simple present tense. a) There lived a beast in a faraway land. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) It was so beautiful that people could not stop praising it. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ c) The annoyed beast shooed away the children and built a huge wall around the garden. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) The opposite of ‘pleased’ in the passage is  . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) beast a) being there 2) faraway b) a dangerous animal 3) present c) distant 134 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 138

Glossary Sr. No. Words Meaning 1 acquaintance (n.) a person whom one knows but is not close to 2 adventure (n.) a dangerous yet enjoyable activity 3 aliens (n.) creatures from outer space 4 ancient (adj.) very old 5 archaeologist (n.) a person who studies objects from the past 6 arrant (adj.) complete; absolute 7 azure (adj.) having the blue colour of the clear sky 8 banquet (n.) a grand feast 9 barrier (n.) something that prevents movement from one place to another 10 boar (n.) a wild pig 11 bound (adj.) chained or tied to something 12 butler (n.) the chief servant in the house of a rich person 13 buttercup (n.) a plant with small, bright, yellow flowers 14 carve (v.) cut skilfully 15 caught it caught during a crime red-handed (v.) 16 charmingly (adv.) pleasingly or delightfully 17 chimpanzees (n.) monkey-like animals with black or brown fur 18 classical music (n.) traditional music that follows strict rules 19 claw (n.) a sharp, curved part on the toe of an animal (such as a cat or a bird) 20 commotion (n.) a state of confusion and excitement 21 courage (n.) the ability to control one's fear; bravery 22 coward (n.) someone who is not brave 23 cunning (adj.) clever in a tricky way 24 cure (n.) the way to solve a problem 25 curiosity (n.) the desire to know or learn about something new 26 damp (adj.) slightly wet NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 139 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM

Sr. No. Words Meaning 27 dart (v.) move quickly 28 delighted (adj.) very happy 29 desire (v.) to want or wish for something 30 dew (n.) droplets of water that form on cool surfaces at night 31 disturbed (adj.) felt upset 32 divine (adj.) extremely delightful or amazing 33 drift off (v.) to fall asleep 34 drunk (adj.) having drunk so much alcohol that normal actions (such as talking, thinking, and moving) become difficult to do 35 efficiency (n.) to do something very quickly and well 36 elegant (adj.) graceful or having good taste 37 endangered (adj.) an animal species that could die out completely 38 enquired (v.) asked for information 39 exhausted (adj.) very tired 40 fainted (v.) fell down and became unconscious 41 fascinated (adv.) very interested in something or someone 42 fed up (phr. v.) tired beyond one’s patience 43 fireplace (n.) a place designed to light a fire to keep a room warm 44 forbid (v.) to order someone not to do something 45 furiously (adv.) very angrily 46 furnished (adj.) provided with furniture 47 gangster (n.) a member of a group of criminals 48 Garden of the a mythical garden where golden apples grow Hesperides (n.) 49 garments (n.) pieces of clothing 50 gloomy (adj.) without happiness or hope 51 groceries (n.) supplies like food, meat and vegetables 52 heavenly (adj.) very pleasant or soothing 53 heavy-handed strict and harsh (adj.) 54 heedful (adj.) mindful and attentive 55 heritage (n.) traditions and beliefs that are handed down from the past NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 140 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM

Sr. No. Words Meaning the hard covering on the foot of an animal (such as a 56 hoof (n.) horse or a pig) locked up 57 imprisoned (v.) very quickly 58 in the blink of an eye (phr.) a ball that bounces very high 59 India-rubber ball remain unharmed and in one piece (n.) the primary god in Chinese traditions 60 intact (adj.) tasks that someone does to earn money 61 Jade Emperor full of joy (n.) relatives resting on one's knees 62 jobs (n.) in a slow and relaxed manner expensive things that people enjoy but do not really 63 joyous (adj.) need a disease from a certain type of mosquito bite 64 kith and kin (n.) thick hair growing around the neck of animals such as horses and lions 65 kneeling (v.) as high as possible a channel of communication 66 leisurely (adv.) with a sad mood or feeling 67 luxuries (n.) sweet-sounding music 68 malaria (n.) sweet sounding meat that is chopped or cut into small pieces 69 mane (n.) amazing or wonderful occurrences to not treat someone well 70 maximum (adj.) making a low, continuous sound a rich collection of traditional tales from a particular 71 medium (n.) culture someone who gives directions of travel 72 melancholy took small bites (adj.) 73 melodies (n.) 74 melodious (adj.) 75 mince (n.) 76 miracles (n.) 77 mistreat (v.) 78 murmuring (v.) 79 mythology (n.) 80 navigator (n.) 81 nibbled (v.) NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 141 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM

Sr. No. Words Meaning an idea or belief about something 82 notion (n.) nurse; caretaker a female spirit that lives in rivers, mountains or forests 83 nursie (n.) said; remarked a place planted with many fruit trees 84 nymph (n.) should having a skin colour that is whiter than normal 85 observed (v.) a plate to mix colours weak or dull 86 orchard (n.) the ability to wait calmly worst possible 87 ought (v.) in a ready position a basic unit of money in some countries in the UK 88 pale (adj.) method 89 palette (n.) given a set of instructions to perform an action 90 pallid (adj.) objects that are used in a play or performance a short, sudden burst of breath 91 patience (n.) an attempt to achieve something a hard, pear-shaped fruit 92 pits (slang) a flat, wooden structure used as a boat in a royal manner 93 poised (adj.) felt deeply sorry harm done in return for harm done 94 pound (n.) a pistol that allows several shots to be discharged an adult, male chicken 95 process (n.) broken pieces of rocks or stones a nonsense word that has no meaning; created by Lear 96 programmed and used in many of his other works (adj.) frightened; afraid thrown all around 97 props (n.) to make a face 98 puff (n.) 99 pursuit (n.) 100 quince (n.) 101 raft (n.) 102 regally (adv.) 103 regretted (v.) 104 revenge (n.) 105 revolver (n.) 106 rooster (n.) 107 rubble(n.) 108 runcible (adj.) 109 scared (adj.) 110 scattered (adj.) 111 screwed up (v.) NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 142 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM

Sr. No. Words Meaning a coin that was used in Britain; the value is less than that 112 shilling (n.) of a pound 113 short-tempered quick to get angry (adj.) a command to be silent 114 shush (n.) done by a person by himself or herself 115 single-handedly (adv.) secretive flying high 116 sneaky (adj.) a feeling of great sadness slapped or hit with an open hand 117 soaring (adj.) does not leave any chance of scolding or saying harsh things 118 sorrow (n.) not able to speak got shocked 119 spanked (n.) a secret, quiet and clever way of moving or behaving two loops that are attached to a saddle for the rider’s 120 spare me from feet his tongue (phr.) different from usual giving time and attention to gain knowledge of 121 speechless (adj.) something taken by great surprise 122 startled (v.) with doubt or distrust 123 stealth (n.) to move in circles 124 stirrup (n.) to move with a soft sweeping or brushing sound pounced; moved down very fast 125 strange (adj.) a weapon with a long blade and a handle delayed 126 studying (v.) the usual attitude, mood or behaviour of a person you (Old English) 127 stunned (adj.) frighten someone 128 suspiciously to his surprise (adv.) 129 swirl (v.) 130 swish (v.) 131 swooped (v.) 132 sword (n.) 133 tarried (v.) 134 temper (n.) 135 thee (prn.) 136 threaten (v.) 137 to his amaze (phr.) NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 143 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM

Sr. No. Words Meaning ways of behaving or doing something by people of a 138 traditions (n.) particular group for a long time an underground passage 139 tunnel (n.) one of two children born on the same day to the same mother 140 twin (n.) not excited or interested 141 unenthusiastic (adj.) different from others made a sound; said something 142 unique (adj.) to move without any particular direction waste away 143 uttered (v.) moving very fast with a low, continuous sound very bad or unpleasant 144 wandered (v.) plants and trees that grow in natural conditions 145 wear away (v.) speak in a feeble or weak manner 146 whirring (v.) without any care 147 wicked (adj.) twisted and turned quickly a cycle of twelve years with animal symbols for each 148 wild (n.) year 149 with a whimper (phr.) 150 with abandon (adv.) 151 wriggled (v.) 152 zodiac (n.) n. Key prn. noun v. pronoun adj. verb adv. phr. adjective phr. v. adverb phrase phrasal verb NR_BGM_9789387552746-Passport-G4-Textbook-English-FY_Text.pdf 144 12/28/2017 11:27:35 AM