202110229-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G08-PART1

GRAMMAR THE FUN THEY HAD I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate adverbs. Session 3 nonchalantly, completely, sorrowfully, awfully, carefully 1. Read the question ________before you start answering it. 2. When John asked Martin about his exam, he replied ________that it was nice. 3. Rani said ________ that she had lost her gold chain. 4. It was ________ cold outside. 5. My grandfather has recovered ________ from a prolonged illness. II. Underline the relative clause in the following sentences. 1. The store no longer sold the radio that I wanted. 2. We walked past the house, in which I was I grew up. 3. The man, whose shop burned down, was very sad. 4. Last year, we travelled to Naples, which is in Italy. 5. My friend, whose guitar you‘ve heard, wants to be a musician. III. Combine the sentences using – where, who, which, or that. 1. A man called me on phone just now. He is the director of a well-known company. A. 2. Peter gave me a watch. It was imported from Switzerland. A. 3. Rani often brings tasty pakodas. We all like them. A. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 150

THE FUN THEY HAD 4. I remember the place. We met there five years ago. A. 5. My friend showed me the house. He was born there. A. IV. Complete the following sentences using suitable relative clauses. 1. I went to the shop ___________________________________________________ 2. This is the place _____________________________________________________ 3. They bought a new house _____________________________________________ 4. We saw the man _____________________________________________________ V. Complete the passage by choosing the right words from the list given below. Each blank is numbered, and for each blank four choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given. Choose the correct answer from these choices and write (A), (B), (C) or (D) as answers. The part Margie hated most ________ (1) the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. She always had to write them out in a punch code they ________ (2) her learn when she was six years old, and the mechanical teacher calculated the marks ________ (3) no time. The Inspector smiled ________ (4) he was finished and patted Margie‘s head. He said to her mother, ―It‘s not the little girl‘s fault. Mrs. Jones, I think the geography sector was geared a little too quickly. Those things happen sometimes. ________ (5) slowed it up to an average ten – year level. Actually, the overall pattern of her progress is quite satisfactory.ǁ And he patted Margie‘s head again. 1. A. is B. was C. were D. would be [] 2. A. made B. taught C. do D. make [] 3. A. at B. into C. in D. on [] 4. A. before B. when C. after D. while [] 5. A. I’ll B. I’ve C. It’s D. We’re [] UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 151

Convention of Writing THE FUN THEY HAD Session 4 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. margie was scornful school whats there to write about school i hate school margie always hated school but now she hated it more than ever the mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse until her mother had shaken her head sorrowfully and sent for the county inspector A. Creative Writing Session 5 I. Imagine you are Margie. Write a letter to your friend describing the fun you could have if you were studying in old schools. A. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 152

THE FUN THEY HAD II. Write a short story in about 150-200 words on the basis of the hints provided. Hint: Going for long walks has always been a passion with me. As usual I was walking amongst the thick green trees till I heard that voice… UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 153

THE FUN THEY HAD III. Design a poster on the topic “Benefits of Reading”. The poster should contain a) related pictures b) slogans or proverbs and decorate it with colours. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 154

PRETEEN PRETEXT CHAPTER – 2 PRETEEN PRETEXT Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 6 Read the following poem extract and answer the questions that follow THE OLD TYPEWRITER All alone, lonely and forlorn Is the typewriter It feels abandoned For the technology of computers Has taken over the world In some homes It can be found In dusty attics Hidden away in tattered old brown boxes Not to be found for generations and generations It can also be found In thrift and antique shops Donated after a loved one has passed away Typewriters also sit on display In museums For the public to admire But in my house Sitting on my desk Waiting to be used Is an antique typewriter My favorite writing tool of all 1. Old typewriters can no longer be found in… [] A. old attics B. museum display cases C. antique stores D. modern office desks UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 155

PRETEEN PRETEXT 2. The old typewriter reaches the antique store because it has been _____ [ ] A. gifted B. thrown out C. donated D. sold 3. Which of these is not a synonym for ‘forlorn’ [] A. pitiful B. cheerful C. abandoned D. sad 4. The word which means the opposite of ‘thrift’ is [] A. waste B. saving C. careful D. economical 5. The poetic device used in this line- ‘It feels abandoned’ [] A. simile B. metaphor C. none D. Personification II. Find the words from the poem which rhyme with the following. Word Rhyming Word drift static sound pool nation II. Read the poem to answer the questions. Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 156

I. Answer the following choosing the right option. PRETEEN PRETEXT [] 1. Who is the poet’s companion? A. The owner of the woods B. His horse C. No one D. His neighbour II. Answer the following questions. 2. What season has been depicted here? A. 3. Mention two signs that indicate the season of the year. A. 4. Why has the poet stopped on his way? A. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 157

THE COMPUTER GAME CHAPTER – 3 THE COMPUTER GAME Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 7 Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. In the past, children and young people filled up their free time by reading books, socialising, or engaging in active, creative play. A fixation on gadgets reduces participation in all of these, especially the aspect of creativity. Digital worlds can be vast, but they are always structured, not requiring the imagination and inventiveness of unstructured play. Some children become less creative and less able to entertain themselves. Persistent use of high-tech gadgetry can lead to a slew of health problems for young and old alike. A sedentary lifestyle discourages exercise and encourages obesity. The back-lit screens used for computers, iPhones and video games can cause eye problems. Walking around everywhere with music blaring directly into your ears brings on headaches and hearing difficulties. The net effect of all these things, plus the pressure of immediate responses to everything, can become stressful. There is circumstantial evidence linking a rise in Attention Deficit Disorder to increased use of video games, causing many scientists to worry that children may do permanent harm to their brains by spending too much time interacting with such gadgets. Students who use their computers or cell phones to participate in social networking sites may post material considered inappropriate by school authorities. They may also develop an unfavourable reputation based on those pictures or comments. Pictures of misbehaviour can adversely affect their chances of getting into the university of their choice or of getting a job. It is easy to become addicted to gaming, texting, talking on the phone or socialising online. Some students may attempt to do this in class, which disrupts their learning, and at home it distracts them from their study time. Kids putting in long hours on their gadgets will give less attention to assignments and may be irritable when they are away from their gadgets. They might also sleep less, which can slow down their thinking the next day. I. Choose the best word that suits the blanks. 1. Digital worlds are always ________________________. (structured, unstructured, inventive) 2. The rise in Attention Deficit Disorder is linked with increased use of __________________. (mobile phones, computers, video games) 3. A sedentary lifestyle encourages __________________________. (obesity, exercise, stress) UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 158

THE COMPUTER GAME 4. Sleeping __________________________slows down your thinking. (more, less, enough) 5. Constant use of gadgets has become an _________________. (fashion, addiction, order) II. Answer the following questions. 1. How did the children and young people spend their free time in the past? A. 2. Mention the health problems caused due to the persistent use of high-tech gadgetry. A. 3. How does addiction to mobile phones and other gadgets affect students? A. 4. What can be the possible disadvantages of social media? A. 5. Suggest an appropriate title to the passage. A. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 159

THE COMPUTER GAME III. Write the meaning of the words taken from the passage. Word Meaning fixation persistent sedentary detracts slew II. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: The diverse riches of the sea have always played an important role in Oman’s economy and the lifestyle of her people. The nation’s fishing industry continues to increase in importance as research into its marine life grows stronger. An animal that is of enormous importance to the south-eastern coast of Oman, the abalone, a shellfish has become the centre of a multi-million dollar industry. Once the abalone shellfish were brought to the surface in the hope that the soft tissue contained beautiful pearls. Today the shellfish are caught for a different reason- restaurant menus! The fresh white shellfish has a distinctive and much admired flavour and it is the most highly valued product from Omani waters. It is fished exclusively along the shores of Dhofar. This distinctive shellfish has only one shell, unlike other shellfish which have two. I. Choose the correct option and write in the brackets. 1. According to the passage, marine research in Oman helps the ________ industry to grow. [] A. fishing B. restaurant C. gems and pearls D. none of these 2. The abalone shellfish are collected from the coast of ________ [ ] A. Yemen B. Oman C. Dohar D. Dhofar UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 160

THE COMPUTER GAME II. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences. 3. Why was abalone shellfish originally important? A. 4. Where does the demand for the abalone lie today? A. 5. What does the writer mean by the ‘diverse riches of the sea’? A. 6. How is the abalone different from other shellfish? A. Vocabulary Session 8 I. Read the passage given below. Five sentences in the passage are numbered (1–5). Each of these sentences has an error. Correct and rewrite them below: The Moon is a barren, rocky world without air and water. (1) It has dark lava plain on its surface. (2) The Moon is filled wit craters. It has no light of its own. It gets its light from the Sun. (3) The Moo keeps changing its shape as it moves round the Earth. It spins on its axis in 27.3 days. (4) Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin were the first ones to set feet on the Moon on 21 July 1969. (5) They reached the Moon in their spacecraft name Apollo II. A. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 161

THE COMPUTER GAME II. In each of the following, select the antonym for the underlined word in the sentence. 1. Many people are reckless in their driving. [] A. careful B. careless C. different D. imprudent 2. The food served at the wedding was bland. [] A. tasty B. nutritious C. spicy D. inedible 3. The watchman ought to be more vigilant these days as there are many burglars around. [] A. careless B. careful C. ignorant D. innocent 4. His radical views made him unpopular. [] A. original B. profound C. conservative D. childish 5. This new book has a long introduction. [] A. preface B. conclusion C. beginning D. deduction III. Use the answer antonyms from the above to write your own sentences. 1. Eg: reckless X careful: Raj was always careful about his health. 2. 3. 4. 5. GRAMMAR Session 9 I. Complete the sentences with meaningful Adverbials: 1. Can you come here________? UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 162

THE COMPUTER GAME 2. She has been working _____________________________7 am. 3. He visits us _________________________ to share a cup of tea. 4. She walks ______________________________to the post office. 5. Do you have any games ____________________ your cupboard? II. Fill in blanks with Relative clauses. 1. Do you know the boy __________________________________________________ 2. Can I have the pencil __________________________________________________ 3. A note book is a computer ______________________________________________ 4. She is the girl ________________________________________________________ 5. I want to live in a place ________________________________________________ 6. Yesterday was a day __________________________________________________ III. Complete the sentences with Adverbials in the order of Manner, Place and Time and rewrite the sentences below. S. No Subject +verb Manner Pl Ti 1 She danced 2 He worked 3 She sang 4 They played 5 Raj played 1. She danced _________________________________________________. 2. He worked __________________________________________________. 3. She sang ___________________________________________________. 4. They played _________________________________________________. 5. Raj played __________________________________________________. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 163

Convention of Writing THE COMPUTER GAME Session 10 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. it was a wild night the wind was howling outside and the rain was beating and splashing against the windows suddenly amid all the hubbub of the windstorm there burst forth the wild scream of a terrified woman by the light of the corridor-lamp i saw my sister appear at the opening her face blanched with terror her hands groping for help her whole figure swaying to and fro like that of a drunkard i ran to her and threw my arms round her but at that moment her knees seemed to give way and she fell to the ground A. Creative Writing Session 11 I. Retell the story with the help of the following hints. Give a heading and a suitable moral, if any: Hints: Father is worried to see his son in bad company - tries to reform him - buys few good ripe mangoes- puts a rotten mango in their midst - the boy finds all mangoes rotten the next day - boy learns the harmful effects of bad company. A. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 164

THE COMPUTER GAME II. A letter of invitation to join a birthday party. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 165

THE COMPUTER GAME Read the above letter carefully and write a reply accepting the invitation. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 166

THE COMPUTER GAME III. Look at the given picture and write a descriptive paragraph of 50 - 100 words. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 167

THE COMPUTER GAME IV. In the year 2150, twelve-year old Shreya studies with a mechanical (robotic) tutor. Imagine a typical morning conversation between Shreya and her robotic tutor. UNIT 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 168

EDUCATION AND CAREER SESSION 1 THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART I – READING Oral Discourse Talk on ‘My Life’s Ambition’ Hints: • Think about the various professions you know and you have seen around. • Think of the profession that you really like, and feel that you can do justice with it. • Try and talk to elders to finally decide the ambition of your life. • Example: I want to become a doctor in my life . My father is a doctor and I also wish to become like him. He is always ready to help others and has cured many patients. He also saved lives in emergency situations. I also want to study medicine and become an able doctor. I would like to set up clinics at remote areas where I will offer free treatment. I hope I will be able to serve this purpose successfully. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 169

LESSON 1-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART I 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun nightmare psyche frightening dream mind or mentality caning chor police punishment or beating children’s game (thief and policeman) strategies methods of winning academics educational matters architect (books, studies, someone whose job is discussions, etc.) to design buildings prank wrath a trick, especially one extreme anger which is played on someone to make them look silly distraction something that takes your attention away from what you are doing UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 170

LESSON 1-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART I Verb book offer to buy in advance; reserve Adjective threatened to feel as if someone is trying to harm you or make you feel unwanted 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This extract is about Mr. Hafeez Contractor, a leading architect, and his life story. This extract is based on an interview by Ms. Bela Raja, who is an editor of a school newsletter. As the interview starts, Mr. Hafeez talks about his Maths examination nightmares and not knowing what to write. He also mentions that these nightmares had stopped over the last four to five years. He mentions that he had been an unruly boy in his childhood and had no interest in academics. He used to have special interest for games, and would roam with his friends and play pranks on others. When he was in his SSC, his Principal once advised him to pay more attention to his academics. He motivated Hafeez and reminded him how much his single mother struggled to educate him, since he had lost his father. This incident made Hafeez understand his responsibilities better and helped him become more serious about his academics. He decided to give up all games from that day onwards. Hafeez passed his SSC in second class with 50%. His Principal commended him and told him to consider those marks as distinction, because till then Hafeez used to copy and pass his exams. But that time, he had attained that percentage with his own efforts. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 171

SESSION 2 THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART I – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. What nightmare did Hafeez ha ve? A. Hafeez used to get nightmares about appearing for a Maths examination, where he did not knew nothing to write. Q2. Which words of the Principal influenced Hafeez deeply? A. The Principal told him how his mother toiled hard to bring him up after his father’ s death. He made him realise his responsibility. He advised him to take his education seriously. The loving words had a deep impact on Hafeez and he decided to turn over a new leaf and started taking academics seriously. Q3. ”. . . That year I did not step out onto the field.” Who said these words and why? A. Hafeez said these words. He was a good sportsman with no interest in his studies. But after his Principal’s motivational words, he decided to concentrate on his studies. Once he was in SSC, he did not step out onto the field to play games and did well in the exams. Q4. What was the reason for which Hafeez indulged in distraction? A. Hafeez did not want to study, so he created a distraction and played 'chor police' with some boys or one whole hour. Q5. What things did Hafeez prefer to academics? List them. A. Hafeez did not have an interest in academics. Instead, he preferred sports and playing funny pranks on others. He was the leader of his gang. He would involve in gang fights and plan strategies. On Sundays , he used to watch films. These things interested him more than academics. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 172

SESSION 3 THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II – READING 3.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun architecture calling work of his choice the art and study of designing buildings cakewalk - ammunition supply of bullets something easy to achieve curriculum contention the subjects that are angry disagreement included in a course of between people study Verb stumbled on - defied got into by chance broke (Here, Hafeez got into architecture by chance) cope - bother - to succeedin dealing take the trouble to do with a difficult situation something UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 173

LESSON 2-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II Adverb - spontaneously - - without planning instinctively natur ally Adjective offbeat unusual 3.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This extract is a continuation of the interview of Mr. Hafeez Contractor, a famous architect by Ms. Bela Raja, an editor of a school newsletter. In this extract, he tells the interviewer how he accidentally stumbled upon the architectural career. He told Ms.Bela that initially after his SSC, he wanted to join the Arm, Since his aunt and mother were against this career choice, he could not. His mother had advised him to complete his graduation. So, he joined Jai Hind College, Bombay where he was forced to take French. As he did not know the language well, he started learning French from his cousin at her husband’ s architectural office. In the office, he had once come across someone drawing a window details. Hafeez saw the diagram and told him that it was wrong and that the window that he had drawn would not open. It was later found out that Hafeez was indeed right. His cousin’s husband was pleasantly surprised. He asked Hafeez to draw some specific diagrams, when Hafeez did immediately. He then asked Hafeez to design a house, which he did successfully. So impressed was his cousin's husband that he advised Hafeez to drop everything and join architecture. With his Principal’s permission, Hafeez appeared for the entrance examination, cleared it with an A+, and joined an architecture college. In this way, he grew up to be a successful architect. All his thoughts revolved around the area of architecture such as building dams , making buttons from chalk, etc. At present, Hafeez observes the look at his client’s face , his clothes, the way he talks and pronounces and gives them spontaneous sketches according to their tastes. Hafeez has derived his own interpretation of mathematics and thinks that he makes a sketch from mathematics which, in his view, is the combination of putting design, construction, psychology, and sociology. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 174

SESSION 4 THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II – LITERATURE 4.1 Literature - QA Q1. Why couldn't Hafeez not join either the police or the army? A. Hafeez could not join the army or the police as his mother and aunt were against him taking up these two professions. He had even got an admission letter for the army but his aunt tore the letter. Later , he wanted to join the police, but instead, his mother advised him to pursue his graduation. Q2. What made Hafeez become an architect? A. Hafeez had never planned to become an architect, but he believed that his fate guided him to take up that job. Hafeez used to learn French from his cousin at her husband’ s office. Her cousin’ s husband, who was an architect by profession found his intrinsic talent in architecture and advised him to study architecture. Thus, he became an architect. Q3. Why did Hafeez’ s teacher think that he would become an architect? A. When he was in the second or third standard, his teacher had observed his sketches and appreciated him. She said to him that although he did not do well in any subject, his sketches were ver y good and that he would become an architect. Q4. Why do you think Hafeez was not interested in studies? A. Hafeez was ver y weak in languages and maths. For this reason, he was not interested in studies and was studying just for the sake of studying. Since there was no application of mind, he would forget easily. Moreover, living in a boarding school was also difficult and there were many tests in school. All these things made him uninterested in studies. Q5. Comment on the statement, “Giftedness and learning disabilities go hand in hand. ” How do Hafeez’ s exper iences support this statement? A. Giftedness means possessing a natural ability or intelligence. \"Giftednes and learning disabilities go hand in hand” means that a person who has a learning disability in one discipline probably has a gift of some kind in another discipline. Hafeez was very poor at maths and languages. But he was gifted in drawing sk etches and architecture. Hence, his experiences support this statement. Q6. What according to Hafeez is ‘mathematics?’ Do you agree with his view of mathematic?s Give reasons. A. According to Hafeez, Mathematics was about finding solutions to a problem by putting various pieces together to create a practical solution to problems related to architecture. For Hafeez, it has more to do with instinct than with calculations. His view of mathematics helped him achieve success in the field of architecture. So, I support his view. In real life also, maths is related to putting pieces together to find solutions to different problems. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 175

SESSION 5 THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II – VOCABULARY 5.1 Vocabulary I. Finding Appropriate Meanings Read the following sentence taken from the text. ”I used to get continuous nightmares about appearing for a Maths examination.” The word ‘nightmare’ means a frightening dream. Q1. Have you ever had a nightmare? What was it about? A. Subjective response. Read the following sentences and find the appropriate meanings. Q2. i. Varun is interested in archaeology. ii. I was so absorbed in the match that I didn’t notice the thief come in. iii. The students listened raptly to the lecture. iv. The mysterious story engrossed the readers all the way to the surprise ending. v. Her painting never fails to fascinate the viewers. A. i. Interested: Having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern. ii. Absorbed: Giving or mar ked by complete attention to. iii. Raptly: With eager attention. iv. Engrossed: Giving or marked by complete attention to. v. Fascinate: Cause to be interested or curious; attract, cause to be enamoured. Now, observe the following table. Q3. Put a tick ( ) in the grid where the element of meaning relates to the par ticular words according to the sentences given bef ore. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 176

LESSON 2-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II A. Something Completely Pay So interested in Word that excites involved undivided one thing that you to do attention forget yourself Interested absorbed rapt engrossed fascinated II. Sentence Formations Look at the following sentence taken from the text. “I used to have this terrible nightmare.” The word ‘terrible’ intensifies the meaning of the word ‘nightmare’ in a negative sense. Can we say ‘terrible flower’ or ‘terrible succes?s’ We cannot, because flower and success are pleasant things. Q1. Write a few words that can go with the word ‘terrible’ and use them in your own sentences. A. i. We had a terrible experience when we met with an accident. ii. The food in this restaurant is terrible. iii. My mother is suffering from a terrible headache. iv. The weather is terrible today! v. The earthquake was a terrible experience. vi. I felt terrible when I accidentally broke the vase. Q2. Look at the following words and write the possible word combinations. i. Ugly ii. Sweet iii. Difficult iv. Funy v. Horrible vi. Ordinary UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 177

LESSON 2-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II A. i. Ugly: an ugly scene, an ugly face, an ugly scar ii. Sweet: sweet smell, sweet voice, sweet dreams iii. Difficult: difficult job, difficult task, difficult child, difficult problem. iv. Funny: funny stor y, funny incident, funny experience. v. Horrible: horrible weather horrible taste, horrible mess. vi. Ordinary: ordinary people, ordinary storm, ordinary day. Q3. Use the above combinations in your own sentences. A. Subjective response. (Sample response: 1. Ugly: (a) The men created an ugly scene fighting in public. (b) The baby wears an ugly face when it is made to swallow a bitter medicine. (c) There was an ugly scar on the thief' s face. 2. Sweet: (a) Jasmine blossoms have a sweet smell. (b) My cousin has a sweet voice . (c) Good night. Sweet dreams. 3. Difficult: (a) Teaching kids is a difficult job. (b) Convincing fools is a difficult task. (a) It is a difficult problem. I can't solve it 4. Funn y: (a) Our grandfather tells us funny stories. (b) That funny incident mak es me laugh again and again. (c) My cousin and I share many funny experiences. 5. Horrible: (a) The sky is so grey and gloomy. What horrible weather! (b) That medicine tastes horible. (c) Did you make this horrible mess in the kitchen? UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 178

LESSON 2-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II 6. Ordinary: (a) Scientists are ordinary people like you and me who manage to do extraordinary things. (b) Hudhud was not an ordinary storm. It caused extensive damage. (c) Today was just another ordinary day at work. III. Nouns and Verbs Look at the following word taken from the text. Let us now Does the word ‘board’ ha ve only one meaning or more than one meaning? understand the different meanings of ‘board’. A ‘board’ as a noun can be: i. a piece of wood ii. a group of decision–making people in an organisation/institution iii. an organisation iv. the stage in a theatre v. meals provided during the stay in a hotel Similarly, the same word ‘board’ can ha ve the following meanings when it acts as a verb. i. to get on a plane/ship, etc. ii. to pay to eat meals and sleep in someone’s house iii. to arrange for a pet animal temporarily Q1. Read the following paragraph carefully. Write the different meanings of the word ‘present’ in the space provided. Last Sunday, I attended Lahari’s birthday party. All her family members and friends were present (1) there. In the beginning of the party, Lahari’s father presented (2) Ms. Mrunalini Gupta, the world number one Kathak artist at present (3). Ms. Gupta did present (4) a scintillating show. I enjoyed the party a lot. At the end, I gave Lahari a marvellous present (5). i. ii. iii. iv. v. A. i. present (adj) : at a particular place or event ii. present (v) : introduce iii. (at) present (n) : now; currently iv. present (v) : perform (especially on stage) v. present (n) : a gift UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 179

LESSON 2-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II Q2. Pick out similar words from the text or elsewhere, that can be used as both a noun and a verb. Look them up in a dictionary and write their different meanings. i. ii. iii. iv. v. A. (1) Detail (n): a small individual fact, or item, or a less important fact, or item. E.g.: Tell me the main points now, leave the details for later. Detail (v): To give an official order to somebody, especially a soldier. E.g.: Several men were detailed to form a search party. (2) Subject (n): An area of knowledge studied in a school. E.g.: Biology is my favourite subject. Subject (v): To bring a country or group of people under your control especially by using force. E.g.: The Roman Empire subjected most of Europe to its rule. (3) Content (v): To accept and be satisfied with something and not try to have or do something better. E.g.: The crowd contented themselves with shouting insults. Content (n): The things that are contained in something. E.g.: She hadn’t read the letter and so was unaware of its contents. (4) House (n): A building for people to live in, usually for one family. E.g.: He went into the house. House (v): To provide a place for somebody to live . E.g.: The government is committed to housing the refugees. (5) Drop (n): A very small amount of liquid that forms a round shape. E.g.: Add a few drops of milk to the cake mixture and mix well. Drop (v): To fall or allow something to fall by accident. E.g.: Be careful, don’t drop the glass. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 180

SESSION 6 THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II – GRAMMAR 6.1 Grammar I. Tenses In the interview, Hafeez Contractor shares his past experiences and habits saying. “I used to be so interested in playing. I would receive caning ever y week. ” Both ’used to’ and ‘would’ are used to talk about habitual actions of the past. Q1. Pick out some more similar expressions from the text having “used to” and “would” and write A. in your notebook. i. I used to get continuous nightmares about appearing for a Maths examination. ii. I used to be interested in games, running around, playing jokes and pranks on others. iii. I would copy in class during exam times. iv. I used to be a very good sportsman. v. I used to play every game. vi. I used to be the leader of a gang. vii. We would have gang fights and plan strategies. Q2. Tell your friends what you did normally when you were in class VII. A. Subjective response. Sample responses: i. When I was in class VII, I used to go to learn the guitar. ii. When I was in class VII, I would be frequently absent from classes, and my class teacher would scold me for that. iii. When I was in class VII, I used to copy my friend's homework. iv. When I was in class VII, I used to sleep in classes, and when caught, my teacher would make me stand on the bench. v. When I was in class VII, I used to play cricket every evening. vi. When I was in class VII, I would study hard and get first rank in class. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 181

SESSION 7 THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II – WRITING 7.1 Writing Q. In the interview, you have read about Hafeez Contractor’ s school experiences and career development. Now, imagine that Hafeez Contractor has been invited as the Chief Guest, as a part of the Children’s da y celebrations . Prepare a script for compering the prog ramme. Make a mock presentation in the class. Hafeez Contractor was born in 1950. He did his Graduate Diploma in Architecture from Mumbai in 1975 and completed his graduation from Columbia University, New York (USA) on a Tata Scholarship. Contractor commenced his career with T. Khareghat as an apprentice architect and in 1977, he became an associate partner in the same firm. Between 1977 and 1980, Hafeez was a visiting faculty at the Academy of Architecture, Mumbai. He is a member of the Bombay Heritage Committee and New Delhi Lutyens Bungalow Zone Review committee. Contractor’ s practice had modest beginnings in 1982 with a staff of two. Today, his firm has over 350 employees including senior associates, architects, interior designers, draftsmen, a civil engineering team and architectural support staff. The firm has conceptualised designed and executed a wide range of architectural projects like bungalows, residential developments, hospitals, hotels, corporate offices, banking and financial institutions, recreational and sports facilities, townships, airports, railway stations, urban planning and civic redevelopment projects, etc. Follow the features of a compering given below. i. Arrange the programme as required by the context. ii. Present the background. iii. Highlight the persons and events. iv. Give reviews and reflection relevant to the context. v. Use polite and entertaining expressions. vi. Follow the conventions of the stage. A. Subjective response. [Sample response:] UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 182

LESSON 2-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II Script and mock presentation of children’s day programme: A sample has been provided for your reference. Me: Good morning to all. Respected Principal, honoured guests, beloved teachers, and my dear friends. As you all know, we have assembled here to celebrate Children’s Day. We celebrate the birthday of our beloved first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru as Children’s Day. He was a great statesman, freedom fighter, a great visionary and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. His great love for children has inspired the celebration of 14th November as Children’s Day. (Pause) Me: In this regard, my first and foremost duty is to welcome you all to the Children’s Day celebrations on behalf of our Principal. Now, we are honoured to have with us, our honourab le Chief Guest Mr. Hafeez Contractor – a well–known architect. Sir, you hardly need an introduction. You’ve made all of us proud with your distinguished work in architecture. (Pause) Me: I would like to take this opportunity to introduce Mr. Contractor’ s career to my friends in a few words . Mr. Contractor was born in 1950. He did his Graduate Diploma in Architecture from Mumbai in 1975 and completed his graduation from Columbia University, New York (USA) on a Tata Scholarship. He commenced his career with T. Khareghat as an apprentice architect and in 1977, he became an associate partner in the same firm. Between 1977 and 1980, he was a visiting faculty at the Academy of Architecture , Mumbai. He is a member of the Bombay Heritage Committee and New Delhi Lutyens Bungalow Zone Review committee. Mr. Contractor’ s practice had modest beginnings in 1982 with a staff of two. Today, his firm has over 350 employees including senior associates, architects, interior designers, draftsmen, a civil engineering team and architectural support staff. The firm has conceptualised, designed and executed a wide range of architectural projects like bungalows , residential developments, hospitals, hotels, corporate offices, banking and financial institutions, recreational and sports facilities, townships, airports, railway stations, urban planning and civic redevelopment projects, etc. Me: Now, we will have our traditional auspicious lamp lighting ceremony. I now humbly request our honorable Chief Guest Mr. Hafeez Contractor to light the lamp and garland the picture of Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. (Chief Guest lights the lamp and garlands the picture) Me: Next I would like to call upon our respected Principal, a sculptor of human character and a seasoned scholar to present a brief agenda and give the school presentation. Principal : Gives presentation and gives a brief speech. Me: Now I would like to call upon our beloved Chief Guest to share with us some moments of his life and career that can inspire us. (Chief Guest speaks.) UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 183

LESSON 2-THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II Me: Now, without further ado, let us start the cultural programmes. Our cultural fiesta for the evening begins with a patriotic song presented by the melodious voices of the girls of Class 9, led by Saumya R. (Class 9 girls present a group song.) Me: Didn't that song take us back to the era of Pandit Nehru and the freedom fighters? Applause for the lovely singers. In the spirit of patriotism, we have a skit presentation on the life of the young gun, freedom fighter, Shaheed Bhagat Singh, scripted, prepared and presented by the senior students of Classes 10-12. (Skit is performed by students of Classes 10 -12.) Me: A round of loud applause for our talented actors. Taking us away from our serious mood, are the little kids of Classes 1-3, presenting the traditional fishermen's dance. (Dance performance by students of Classes 1 - 3.) Me: Now it is time to acknowledge the talent of our students – the prize distribution ceremony. I request our Principal sir to announce the names of the winners and our honorable Chief Guest to give away the prizes. (Prize distribution ceremony) Me: Now, I would like to call upon our school Prefect to present the Vote of Thanks. (Vote of Thanks is presented) Me: I now request you all to stand for our National Anthem. (All sing the National Anthem.) UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 184

SESSION 8 THE TREASURE WITHIN - PART II – STUDY AND LISTENING 8.1 Study and Listening Listening I. Listen to a compering script prepared by a student on the occasion of Teacher’s Day celebrations. Q1. Answer the following questions. i. How did the student begin compering? ii. How did she / he arrange different events of the programme? iii. What were the highlights of the event? iv. How did he / she conclude the programme? A. i. The student began compering by wishing ‘Good morning’ to all the invitees, the Guests, the Principal and all his/her schoolmates. He/she informed them about why they had assembled there and presented the background. ii. He/she arranged the prog ramme sequentially as required by the context. i. First, he/she wished all the invitees. ii. Then, he/she introduced the Chief Guest to the students and to all the invitees. iii. Presented a brief account of his life and career. iv. Requested the Principal to present a brief agenda and give the school presentation. v. Requested the Chief Guest to give speech. vi. Conducted the cultural prog rammes one by one . vii. Acknowledged the talents of the children by giving away prizes . viii. Requested the school Prefect to present the Vote of Thanks. ix. Concluded the ceremony with the National Anthem “Jana Gana Mana”. iii. The Chief Guest’s Speech, the cultural programmes and the Principal’s presentations of the programme’s agenda were the highlights of the programme. iv He/she concluded the programme with a Vote of Thanks by the school Prefect and finally with . the National Anthem. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 185

SESSION 9 THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION – READING 9.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun exaggeration client an overstatement customer offshore compliance at a distance from conformity in the sea shore fulfilling official requirements; agree internship to something training to gain practical experience procurement obtain the required sewerage material the system by which waste material and infrastructure used water are carried the basic physical and away in sewers organisational structures and facilities contribution (e.g. buildings, roads, the part played by a power supplies) person or thing in bringing about a result 186 or helping something to advance UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER

LESSON 3-THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION Adjective sophisticated - stringent str ict advanced and complicated in the way of work multifaceted having many faces or branches 9.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This lesson is an article by S.S.Rao which was pulished in the newspaper –'The Hindu' on 20th August 2012. It deals with the importance of civil engineering. Civil engineering is one of the oldest disciplines of engineering. The design, construction, and management of infrastructure, highways, railways, airports, harbours, and bridges, etc. are planned by civil engineers. But nowadays , the role of civil engineers has been changing as they are expected to stay with the clients and guide them through the approval and construction process while offering strategies, advice, and their experience . Environmental civil engineers operate as guardians of nature with their focus on environmental issues such as waste water and sewage disposal. Highway engineers are involved in the design of traffic flow planning, roadway geometry design, etc. Structural engineers are responsible for the design of small residential buildings, multi–storeyed buildings, microwave towers, transmission lines for electricity and pipelines for water, oil and gas supply. The lesson also educates the students about the different branches in the field of civil engineering and the various job oppotunities for them in these different fields for the future. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 187

SESSION 10 THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION – LITERATURE 10.1 Literature - QA Q1. What are the different constructions planned by civil engineers? A. Civil engineers plan and construct highways, airports, harbours, bridges, tunnels and dams across the rivers. They plan and construct sewerage disposal schemes. They design traffic flow planning, roadway geometry, microwave towers, pipelines for water supply and oil and gas supply, small residential buildings and multi–storeyed buildings. Q2. Draw a tree diagram to represent different branches of civil engineering and the features associated with each. A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 188

LESSON 3-THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION Q3. Is the title suitable to the essay? Justify your answer. A. Yes, the title “They Literally Build the Nation” is suitable to the essay because civil engineers build all the essential features of infrastructure, highways, railways, airports, harbours, bridges, dams, tunnels, industries, and factories. All the infrastructure elements required for the development of a country are constructed by the civil engineers. Thus, it is apt to say that civil engineers literally build the nation. Q4. How do civil engineers guide the clients? A. Nowadays, civil engineers are expected to stay with the clients and guide them through the approval and construction process while offering strategies, advice, and their experience. Q5. Do you think civil engineering is a challenging job? Why? A. The role of the civil engineer has been continuously changing. Earlier, engineers would focus their efforts on the production of site plans, crank out drawings and turn them over to the contractors. But things are much more sophisticated these days. Nowadays, the development of landscape requires thoughtful planning and an understanding of regulations. Schedules are constrained and owners are mindful of their expenditure. These days’ civil engineers stay with the clients and guide them through the approval and construction process and offer the clients strategies, advice, and their experience. Thus, the role of civil engineers has evolved into a much more challenging job nowadays. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 189

SESSION 11 THEY LITERALLY BUILD THE NATION – STUDY AND LISTENING 11.1 Study and Listening Study I. Observe the following pie diagram which shows a survey done on 1200 students who have completed class 10 and chosen different career options. Write a paragraph on the trends in the choices of careers based on the pie diagram. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 190

SESSION 13 THEME - EDUCATION AND CAREER – SELF - ASSESSMENT 13.1 Self-Assessment How well ha ve I understood this unit? Read and tick ( ) in the appropriate box. Indicators Yes Somewhat No I read and understood the text: A. The Treasure Within–Par t–I B. The Treasure Within–Par t–Il C. The y Literally Build the Nation I was ab le to identify the meanings of the words ‘terrible and present’ and their different shades of meanings with different combinations given under ‘Vocabulary’. I was able to understand the usage of ‘used to’ and ‘would’ given under ‘Grammar’. I was able to write a compering script under ‘Writing’. I was able to write a paragraph with the help of a pie chart. I listened to and understood “Compering” and answered the questions given under 'Listening'. I was able to prepare a report on career options of the students given under ‘Project Work’. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 191

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— CHAPTER – 1 THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 1 I. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Innovators change things. They take new ideas, sometimes their own, sometimes other people‘s, and develop and promote those ideas until they become an accepted part of daily life. Innovation requires self-confidence, a taste for taking risks, leadership ability and a vision of what the future should be. Henry Ford had all these characteristics, but it took him many years to develop all of them fully. Henry Ford did not invent the automobile. But more than any other single individual, he was responsible for transforming the automobile from an invention of unknown utility into an innovation that profoundly shaped the 20th century and continues to affect our lives today. Famed automobile manufacturer Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863, on his family’s farm in Wayne County, near Dearborn, Michigan. When Ford was 13 years old, his father gifted him a pocket watch, which the young boy promptly took apart and reassembled. Friends and neighbours were impressed and requested that he fix their timepieces too. Unsatisfied with farm work, Ford left home, at the age of 16, to take an apprenticeship as a machinist in Detroit. In the years that followed, he would learn to skilfully operate and service steam engines, and would also study bookkeeping. After a few trials of building cars and companies, Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Ford introduced the Model T in October of 1908. Simple to drive and cheap to repair, half of all cars in America in 1918 were Model T’s. Ford sold millions of cars and became a world-famous company head. For several years, the company posted 100 percent gains. However, more than for his profits, Ford became renowned for his revolutionary vision: the manufacture of an inexpensive automobile made by skilled workers who earned steady wages. In 1914, he sponsored the development of the moving assembly line technique of mass production. Simultaneously, he introduced the $5-per-day wage ($110 in 2011) as a method of keeping the best workers loyal to his company. In 1936, Ford and his family established the Ford Foundation to provide ongoing grants for research, education and development. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 192

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I Henry Ford died of a cerebral haemorrhage on April 7, 1947, at the age of 83. Ford is considered to be one of America’s leading businessmen, and is credited today for helping to build America’s economy during the nation’s vulnerable early years. His legacy will live on for decades to come. I. Choose the right answer. 1. Innovators _________ things. (invent, change, discover) 2. Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Company in ________. (1903, 1908, 1918) 3. Ford became renowned for his ________. (Profits, vision, invention) 4. Henry Ford died of a __________ haemorrhage in 1947. (lumbar, spinal, brain) 5. He raised the daily wages to keep the best ________ in the company. (workers,machinery, buildings) II. Answer the following questions. 1. What are the qualities required in innovators? A. 2. As a young boy what was Henry Ford good at? A. 3. What did Ford do after he left home? A. 4. What was peculiar about the Model T car that Ford introduced? A. 5. Who established the Ford Foundation and why? 193 A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following. Meaning Word usefulness extremely without delay overwhelmed dream II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Data from the Pioneer spacecraft of NASA apparently prove the theory that the high surface temperature of Venus is due to an atmospheric greenhouse effect caused mainly by a blanket of carbon dioxide. Such a greenhouse effect is created when energy in the form of sunlight easily passes through a planet’s atmosphere, warms its surface and is converted to heat radiation that is then held by the atmosphere from top to bottom. Venus has a relatively thin atmosphere like the Earth’s, but Venus’ atmosphere consists of more than 90% carbon dioxide unlike less than 4% in that of Earth. Because of its higher percentage of carbon dioxide, Venus’ atmosphere traps much more heat radiation than does Earth’s. Thus the Venus studies are believed to be important to the understanding of possible adverse effects of Earth’s agriculture that could result from the long-term use of fossil fuels. I. Choose the correct answer from the options given and write in the brackets 1. According to the passage, the data from the Venus study can be used to___ [ ] A. measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere accurately B. increase the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere C. test the efficiency of the NASA spacecraft D. predict future agricultural problems for Earth 2. We understand from the passage that______ [] A. the more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the warmer the world will tend to get UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 194

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I B. there is no difference between the atmosphere of Venus and Earth C. the atmosphere of Earth consists of mainly carbon dioxide D. lack of atmosphere causes high temperatures on Venus II. Answer the following questions. 3. What is the atmosphere of Venus like? A. 4. What causes the greenhouse effect? A. 5. From where has the above data been sourced? A. 6. What causes adverse effects on the Earth’s atmosphere? A. Vocabulary Session 2 I. Write a few words that can go with the word “RELEVANT” and use them in your own sentences. One is done for you. 1. Relevant person: He is the relevant person for the job. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 195

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I II. Read the following sentences carefully. Write the different meanings of the word “SOUND” in the space provided. 1. The world economy is on sound footing now. A. 2. The sounding of the horn marked the beginning of the game. A. 3. The police had sounded the owner of the danger that could happen to him. A. 4. Sound sleep is very essential for good health. A. 5. All the birds flew away at the sound of gunfire. A. III. Some words are used as both nouns and verbs. Look them up in a dictionary and write their meanings. Use those words to frame new sentences. A. Word: Honour 1. Honour (noun): A. 2. Honour (verb): A. B. Word: Work 1. Work (noun): A. 2. Work (verb): A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 196

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I C. Word: Help 1. Help (noun): A. 2. Help (verb): A. D. Word: Rain 1. Rain (noun): A. 2. Rain (Verb): A. E. Word: Polish 1. Polish (noun): A. 2. Polish (verb): A. GRAMMAR Session 3 I. Complete the sentences using “used to” and “would”. 1. When I was young I _________ like milk. 2. It _________be great if we had a big house but we don’t. 3. I _______ like football but now I like cricket. 4. Every Saturday I ____________ go for a long walk. 5. He _________ smoke but he gave up a few years ago. II. Rewrite the sentences in past tense. 1. Jayant /miss /the bus A. UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 197

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I 2. She/ tidy/ her room A. 3. Nina/ watch/ not/ television A. 4. She/ read/ a book A. 5. They/ bring/ a sandwich A. III. Make sentences of your own with the past tense forms of the following verbs: 1. Drive A. 2. Write A. 3. Speak A. 4. Stand A. 5. Sing A. Convention of Writing Session 4 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. delhi is the capital of india it is situated on the banks of the river yamuna it is surrounded by haryana and uttar pradesh it has some of the famous buildings and monuments such as the qutub minar red fort lotus temple akshardham temple etc some of the monuments are UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 198

THE TREASURE WITHIN – PART - I hundreds of years old apart from this there is the parliament house the central secretariat and the famous connaught place A. Creative Writing Session 5 I. Write a notice on behalf of the student-editor inviting article contributions for the school magazine. Hints: Tell the students about the opportunity to get their writing published. Suggest a few themes/subjects that they can write about. Provide writing and submission details; how long should the write up be (number of words/sheets to be used, to be written/typed on A4 size sheets/ sent by mail on a specific ID), details to be provided about the identity of writer (name, class). UNIT 5 EDUCATION AND CAREER 199