202110729-PERFORM-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G06-FY_Optimized

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What cases can the local police station resolve? 2. Who is in charge of the local police station? 3. What is a police officer supposed to do when a complainant comes to the police station? 4. Why is it important to lodge a complaint in a police station in case of theft, accident, injury or fight? 5. What two complaints did Mohan want to lodge in the police station? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Who is a patwari? What does he do? 2. Which two officers can help Mohan solve his problem? 3. Whom does the patwari report to? 4. What is a Tehsildar’s responsibility? 5. Whom does the Tehsildar report to? 6. Why do people in rural areas require copies of their land records? 7. Where can farmers get copies of their land records and students get caste certificates from? 8. How has the new law of the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 helped women farmers? 137

PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Choose the correct option: subsidised rates d. Free education for the poor 1. In villages, agricultural lands are generally separated by small boundaries called 7. What would be the responsibility of a revenue _________. officer in a village? a. Check dam a. Hear land disputes b. Land fills b. Supervise the work of the Patwaris c. Mud fills c. Ensure that farmers obtain a copy of their land d. Bund record and students can obtain their caste cer- tificates etc 2. Can a case/complaint be registered in any police d. All of the above station? a. No, only in the police station where the village 8. Why do you think a student requires a caste is assigned certificate? b. Yes, complaint can be registered in any of the a. Just to know his caste police stations b. to obtain reservation seats and scholarships c. May be we can complaint in many police sta- from educational institutions tions also c. Proof of his caste during his marriage d. May not be d. To prove to his friends 3. Who heads the revenue officer? 9. When do you think farmers may require a copy a. Tehsildar of the record of land they possess? b. District collector a. When he has to sell his produce to another per- c. Sarpanch son d. Patwaris b. When he wants to buy a plot of land c. When he wants to divide his property among 4. State the main duty of the Station House his children Officer? d. Option b and c a. Station house officer’s duty is to take the com- plaints and conduct an investigation of crimes 10. Why does a patwari provide information to the reports that have come to his police station government about the crops grown in his area? b. Station house officer is not obliged to note any a. The government just wants to check if the re- reports. He can login complaint only if he feels cords are maintained properly or not it is a relevant case b. The government will know which crops are c. Station house officer has the power to solve grown on how many hectares of land which will cases without taking in complaints also help it to plan future requirements d. Station officer cannot solve any case unless c. The District collector maintains the records for court gives him order his record work d. The patwari doesn’t maintain any records 5. If a farmer wants loan on his land, what does he has to submit to the bank? II. Short answer questions: a. He has to give his land produce b. He has to give his land documents 1. State the importance of land record papers. c. He has to take his friend farmers for giving as- Who takes this responsibility? surance d. He will be given loan based on his Aadhar card 2. Do you know the responsibilities of a police officer in a village? 6. What do Fair Price Shops deal with? a. Distribute clothes and garments at discounts 3. Why are districts further subdivided into taluks? b. Loans for less interest to poor farmers Analyse in detail. c. Distribute food and non-food items to poor at III. Long answer questions 1. State the duties of a patwari. 2. State the Hindu Succession Act 1956 and the latest amendments to it. 138

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Answer the following. 7. Why will the new Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 benefit women? (5 marks) 1. What complaints do the local police look into? (1 mark) 2. Describe the work of the village patwari? (1 mark) 3. What does a tehsildar do? (1 mark) 4. What will happen if the patwari does not update the land records? (1 mark) 5. What problems did Mohan face in the police station? Could he lodge his complaint? What should have been the right experience for him? (3 marks) 6. What is the hierarchy in the rural land revenue department? (3 marks) 139

7. Urban Administration Learning Outcomes • Explain the ways in which the Municipal Corpora- tions and ward councillors administer the city. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Identify the different services that help the city • Identify the source of revenue of the municipal corporation. run smoothly. • Recognise that city administration is carried • Decide effective ways in which citizen’s can par- ticipate in the city administration. through different departments headed by offi- cers. • Describe the people in the hierarchy chain in a city who take decisions and implement it. Concept Map City Administration Muncipal Elpeectoepdleby Corporation Appointed by government Services offered: Departments of water, sanitation in markets, streets and localities, garbage, road and transport, horticulture, street lighting, hospitals, schools, dispensaries etc. Municipal Commissioner and the administrative City is divided into different wards. Ward staff of the municipal corporation implement councillors are elected. Decisions that decisions taken by the councillors and the affect the whole city is taken by committees councillor committees. consisting of groups of councillors. Specific ward related problems are taken up by individual ward councillors. Municipal Corporation collects taxes Ward councillors meet to make a budget for from the people on the services they the city based on the problems and needs of provide. Taxes are also levied on property, the city. businesses, education, entertainment etc. Citizens can directly approach Municipal Corporation for any complaints about services. Or they can approach their ward councillor who can take it up with the relevant. Key Points departments. • The city is divided into wards. People of • Many services are needed to run a city smoothly. These include water, sanitation in markets, each ward elect their ward councillors. Ward streets and localities, garbage collection and councillors form councillor committees to discuss disposal, road maintenance and transport, horticulture, street lighting, hospitals, schools, 140 dispensaries etc. The municipal corporation provides these services through its various

7. Urban Administration and debate issues of the city and take decisions. • Revenue to run the city smoothly is budgeted • The Municipal Corporation ensures the by the councillors and used by the corporation to implement decisions and ensure services smooth running of the city. There are different are provided. The municipal corporation also departments that take care of the services receives taxes from citizens for the services provided. The Municipal commissioner heads they provide. These include taxes on property, the Municipal Corporation and his administrative education, businesses, entertainment, etc. officers and staffs help him implement decisions of the councillors and run city services efficiently. • Citizens can directly raise problems with the They are appointed by the government. corporations and departments if services are not • Complicated decisions that affect the entire city provided or running efficiently. They can also are taken by the councillors and implemented by bring it to the notice of the ward councillor who the municipal corporation. Ward related issues takes it up with the relevant department. Citizens are brought to the ward councillor who contacts can also highlight severe, recurrent or unsolved the relevant department. problems through public or community protests. Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheets City administration • Services City administration • Departments PS-1 • Municipal corporation Citizen’s voice PS-2 o Responsibilities o Functioning PS-3 • Ward councillors PS-4 o Responsibilities Self-evaluation o Functioning Sheet • Forums to address • Corporation departments • Ward councillors • Protests Worksheet for “Urban Administration” Evaluation with self-check or peer check* 141

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. List four different services provided in your city. 2. Who provides essential services in a city? 3. Who is the Municipal Commissioner and how is he selected for the post? 4. Who are ward councillors? 5. What are the roles of the councillors and the corporation? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What is the difference between the responsibility of the municipal corporation and the councillors? 2. Who makes the budget for the city? 3. Where does the revenue to run the city come from? 4. Write down three benefits your family gets when municipal taxes are paid? PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. List 3 ways in which a citizen can complain about municipal services. 2. What is the problem with sub-contracting garbage collection and disposal work to private organizations? 3. Why did Gangabai and her neighbours protest outside the municipal corporation office? 142

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: b. campaign for cleaning the society from corrup- tion 1. Who takes care of the garbage lying on the roads? c. campaign for cleaning the environment from a. Ward councilor pollution b. Municipal commissioner c. Administrative staff d. campaign for following traffic rules d. Councillors committee 9. How does the state government provide us with 2. Who among the following is elected through many services? voting? a. The commission we pay a. Commissioner b. By selling land to people b. Councilor c. From the tax money which people pay to it c. Administrative staff d. Government does not take any money from or- d. All three are elected members dinary people 3. Who takes care of the betterment of smaller 10. What would happen if garbage is not taken for a towns? a. Municipal corporation week? b. Municipal Council a. The garbage would attract rats, flies and dogs c. Town development authority b. Kids and People might fall ill from the smell d. Collectorate c. Children can’t play or walk on streets d. All of the above 4. In Municipal corporation, the elected members II. Short answer questions: are called ______. 1. How are the demands of each ward met? a. Administrative councilors 2. What are blue dust bins and green dustbins b. Commissioners used for? c. Ward councillors 3. Municipal corporation runs so many services for d. Ward members the city dwellers. How does it get money required to do all these? 5. Group of councilors form a committee and III. Long answer questions: decide about the ____. 1. What are the duties of Municipal Corporation? a. Ward development 2. What is Swach Bharat Abhiyan? What are the b. Entire city latest developments done by municipality to c. State keep the city clean? d. District development 143 6. What is the process of garbage collection disposal? a. Trash collected, recycled, sorted b. Trash collected, sorted, fired c. Trash collected, sorted, and recycled d. Trash collected, sorted, dumped 7. If the garbage is piling in our society, whom should we contact for its clearance? a. Commissioner b. Ward councilor c. Sewage department d. None of these 8. What is Swach Bharat Abhiyan? a. cleanliness campaign by government

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Answer the following: 7. Who makes the city budget? Where does the 1. What is the Municipal Corporation? (1 mark) corporation get the revenue to run the city? (5 marks) 2. For how long are the ward councillors elected? (1 mark) 3. Compare the responsibilities of the municipal corporation to the councillors? (1 mark) 4. List three tasks municipal corporations do? (1 mark) 5. If the street lights are not working in your locality whom will you approach? (3 marks) 6. Why is it important to sort garbage at home before giving it off to the garbage collector? (3 marks) 144

8. Rural Livelihoods Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Identify similarities in peoples’ situations and the • Identify the different ways in which people earn a challenges they face. living in rural areas. • Discuss and determine whether people have equal opportunities to earn a living. Concept Map Rural Livelihood Non-farm work • Llaabnoduleresrssagricultural • Small farm owners • Craftsmen • Large farm owners • Service providers • Small shops • Differences • Migratory workers • lSamndall farmers work own Similarities • Hire help during harvest • Depend on land • tiPloyrorsedupusacteyenlfoaoanrncfaesm- • cGrerroqopuwsiraefonmrdeosnwetlnsl • Dseoaosothner work during off • Llaonadns to improve • Dmaeinryt finarcmomineg. to supple- • iBnodrreobwt tfoormsoeendesy,lenders . • Dthoenyoetafri.nd work through Differences, large farmers hire labour, sell, produce, take bank loan, own debt free property 145

8. Rural Livelihoods Key Points • Large farmers are able to hire labour to do farm work, procure a bank loan to set up business and • Work in the rural areas can be distinguished as earn additional income. non-farm work and services and farm work. • Two out of five rural farmers are agricultural • Non-farm work and services are available through labourers or small farmers. Their income is barely the year. These include making baskets, utensils, enough to meet their needs, they are in a debt pots, bricks, bullockcarts and services such as trap. washermen, weavers, blacksmiths, barbers, cycle mechanics, teachers etc. Small shops such • Large farmers are able to sell their produce at a as teashops, clotheshops, etc There are also good price in the market, earn and invest money in migratory workers such as construction workers other businesses, shops and factories. Ownership and lorry drivers. of property gives them access to bank loans to start new businesses. • Farm work is carried out by landless agricultural labourers and small farmers with little land, or • People also live off forest produce, animal large landowners. husbandry, dairy and fishing. Small time fisherfolk depend on the family to help out in fishing work. • Landless agricultural labourers find seasonal During non-fishing months they borrow from the work which is not throughout the year. They also moneylender and fall in to the debt trap. work as migratory labourers. A large part of their time is spent on collecting wood, water, grazing • Farmers depend on land for their livelihood. and in household wok everyday as they have very • They grow crops for their own requirement and little money. for selling. • Small farmers do all the farm work on their own. • Families borrow money to survive or when there Sometimes, they call other farmers during harvest. They take loans to buy seeds, fertilisers and is no work. pesticides. They are forced to sell their produce to the lenders at a lower rate to clear their debts. Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet Earning livelihood Non-farm PS-1 - Service providers - Small craftsmen PS-2 - Small shopkeepers PS-3 Farm PS-4 - Landless agricultural labourers Self-evaluation Sheet - Small farmers - Large farmers Fisherfolk Equal opportunities for living Access to work Ownership of land Access to bank loan Access to markets Opportunity to get market rates Life situations Similarities Differences Worksheet for “Rural Livelihoods” Evaluation with self-check or peer check* 146

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What are some non-farming activities in rural areas? 2. What are farming activities? 3. How often do Thulasi and Raman find work? 4. What work does Thulasi do during the day? How much does she earn? 5. How do people in central India supplement their income? 6. What does Aruna and her family do for a living? 7. How often do Aruna’s family get work in a PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. Why is it difficult for Sekar to get market rates for his produce? 2. Why are agricultural labourers forced to accept low wages? 3. Give three reasons why Ramalingam is able to earn and live well? 4. Why does Aruna’s family have to borrow? PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. How are Aruna and Sekar’s lives similar? 2. What would be different in Thulasi’s life if she owned land? 147

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: 7. What are the different ways a farmer procures seeds and fertilisers during sowing season? 1. What is the major occupation of Indians? a. They take it from trader as loan in return for few a. Software programming paddy bags at lesser price b. Marketing b. Take loan from bank and buy seeds and fertil- c. Agriculture izers d. Weaving c. Take loan from money lenders to buy d. All of the above 2. What do you think people are doing here? a. Harvesting 8. When can there be a crop failure? b. Transplanting a. When seeds are of not good quality c. Weeding b. When pests attack their crop d. Checking the saplings c. When monsoons either bring heavy rains or does not bring enough rain 3. Which is the main crop in Kalpattu village? d. All the three situations a. Sugarcane b. Cotton 9. Why do you think Sekar does not usually employ c. Coconut labourers for doing farming work? d. Paddy a. He does not like to bring outsiders to his farm b. He does not have enough money to pay the la- 4. What other work does farmers do during bourers non- harvesting months? c. Labourers are not coming as he’s paying very a. loading sand from the river or less amount b. construction in nearby town d. Nobody is willing to do labour work now a days c. stone from the quarry nearby d. all of the above 10. In a survey it was found that in villages, poor families spend most of their time in 5. Which of these is the correct procedure in farm- a. Fetching water ing? b. Collecting firewood a. Preparing sapling, weeding, harvesting, trans- c. Sitting and talking planting d. Option a and b b. Preparing sapling, transplanting, weeding, har- vesting II. Short answer questions: c. Weeding, seed sowing, transplanting, harvest- ing 1. Explain in brief about agricultural labourers. d. Seed sowing, weeding, transplanting, harvest- ing 2. Explain terrace farming based on a village Chizami in Nagaland. Can this be practiced in 6. What is done in the rice mill? any hilly region also? a. The paddy is dried and sold b. Rice is produced from paddy in a mill 3. Briefly write about the other occupations of c. Seeds and pesticides are sold here villagers which are given in the chapter. d. Nothing is done here III. Long answer questions: 1. What did you understand about the life fishermen? What are the difficulties they face? 2. In this chapter, we have learnt about many occupations of people living in rural areas. Take two occupations and give some suggestions to improve their situation. 148

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins 1. Name the different kinds of work that are done 7. What all can Tulasi do if she owned a land? in farmlands. (1 mark) (5 marks) 2. Explain why Ramalingam is prosperous. (1 mark) 3. Name one way the rural poor in central India can add to their income. (1 mark) 4. What is the reason for Aruna’s debt? (1 mark) 5. What all work does Thulasi do during the day? (3 marks) 6. List 3 categories of non-farming activities with two examples each. (3 marks) 149

9. Urban Livelihoods Learning Outcomes • Recognise that temporary, casual and permanent employment offer different benefits, security and At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: earning opportunity to workers. • Identify the different types of work people do in • Identify similarities in peoples’ situations and the urban areas. challenges they face in their work life. • Discuss and determine the merits and demerits of being employed and self-employed. Concept Map Urban Livelihoods In the street In the market In factories In offices Self-employed and employee Type of work • Organisation of work • Security • Earning • Benefits • Challenges/ opportunities Key Points • There are nearly one crore street vendors in the country. Government is planning on legalizing • People are engaged in work on the streets, in the street vending as it ensures every citizen their market place, in factories and in offices. right to livelihood. Hawkers must be part of committees that are making decisions about • On the street, people are engaged as vendors, them. small shopkeepers, unskilled casual labour, skilled casual labour and service providers. • In the market there are small and large shop owners and service providers like banks, • People on the street are self-employed. They clinics, courier services etc. Shop owners are have to organize their own work from planning entrepreneurs who need to organize their how much to purchase, what resources to use to resources and make decisions about their work set up the space, where to set up etc related purchases, marketing and sales. • Most often their preparations are done from • These are permanent shops which employ other home with the help of family members. people or family or self-run. Shops need licenses and follow the rules of the market space such as • There is no security as the police can dismantle their space. Some places do not allow vendors and hawkers to sell. 150

9. Urban Livelihoods weekly holidays. employees in market, factory and office spaces. • In and around factories there are labour chowks • In office areas, work spaces are good and where the daily wage labourer waits for work spacious. Employment is permanent and salary daily. Inside the factory, there are work units comes regularly with benefits of pension, savings where specific type of work is done. Factory with interest, provident fund, medical benefits mostly employ casual workers. They work for for the employee and family, weekly offs, long hours and sometimes in double shifts of holidays and leaves without pay cuts. 12 hours. When the factory has less work or • Permanent employees are there in factories, when the season is lean the workers are sent market spaces and offices. They have regular and off. Workers are sent off if they complain against defined work and will not be asked to leave if the pay, there is no job security or protection against employer has no work to give. ill treatment. There are casual and temporary 151

9. Urban Livelihoods Work Plan Concept Coverage Coverage details Practice Sheet In the street • Type of work PS-1 - Self-employed • Organization of work - Employee • Security PS-2 • Earning In the market • Benefits PS-3 - Self-employed • Challenges/ opportunities PS-4 - Employee • Type of work Self-evaluation • Organization of work Sheet In factories • Security - Self-employed • Earning - Employee • Benefits • Challenges/ opportunities In offices - Self-employed • Type of work - Employee • Organization of work • Security • Earning • Benefits • Challenges/ opportunities • Type of work • Organization of work • Security • Earning • Benefits • Challenges/ opportunities Worksheet for “Urban Livelihoods” Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 152

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) 1. What are the different types of work you see in the streets of the city? 2. What is the difference between self-employment and to be an employee? 3. What challenges do self-employed workforce face on the streets? 4. Why is it important that hawkers and street vendors are part of committees that are taking decisions for them? 5. What do you understand by Right to Livelihood? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) 1. What kind of enterprise do you find in the marketplace? 2. How is work organised in the market? 3. What is labour chowk? 4. Who are casual and temporary workers? PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) 1. What is permanent employment? What are its benefits? 2. Bachu Majhi and Sudha are both part of the workforce. How is Sudha’s experience different from Bachu’s? 3. What is the difference in the way office - goers and factory workers and labourers travel to work? 153

PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Choose the correct option: 7. Why are street vendors asked to dismantle their shops at any time by the police? 1. Do you know who a cobbler is? a. If police men don’t like them a. A person who mends shoes b. Sometimes they create traffic jams b. A person who repairs furniture c. If it is raining heavily c. A person who repairs bags, suitcases d. All of the above d. A person who repairs dressers 8. People come to shops only if they find- 2. Permanent shops are given license to do a. Display products attractive business by _____. b. Different types of products a. Area MLA c. Providing some weekend or festival discounts b. The municipal corporation d. All of the above c. Area manager d. Ward councilor 9. What is the main crux of improvement of busi- ness? 3. Who are these people? a. Selecting proper supplier a. Hawkers b. Proper advertisement and marketing b. Garment factory employees c. Good customers c. Daily labourers d. Efficient manager d. Unknown people 10. What are the various modes of advertising a 4. Do you know who a hawker is? business? a. A person who moves from one place to anoth- a. Newspapers er and sells inexpensive items like foods and b. Cinema theatres, television and radio channels handicrafts c. Pamphlets, attractive offers and discounts b. A person who sells costly products d. All of the above c. A person who sells products in a permanent shop II. Short answer questions: d. A person who has a permanent place beside streets and sells items which are edible like 1. Write briefly about call centers. fruits, mixtures, vegetables, chats 2. How has street vendors gained importance in 5. Who all can be seen on footpaths early hours? recent times? a. Vegetable vendor b. Tea stall 3. Compare permanent job and casual jobs and c. Newspaper seller state their difference. d. All of the above III. Long answer questions: 6. Why do you think small workshops and factories employ casual workers? 1. Describe about labour chowk and garment a. Because they have less money factory workers situation. b. Because these workshop get orders from abroad or some other dealer for a few months 2. Answer the following: in a year only (i) Why do people move to cities leaving their c. Because they don’t want to spend more money home town? d. Because permanent employs demand more (ii) Explain the state of a street vendor in city. money 154

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Answer the following: 7. How is Sudha's work benefits different from Bachu Majhi's? (5 marks) 1. What are the different types of work you see in the streets of the city? (1 mark) 2. ________________ is the place where casual labour and daily wage workers come together in search work. They carry their tools with them and go to whichever site that offers them work. (1 mark) 3. The right to earn a livelihood with dignity and without any hinderance is known as the ____ __ ________. (1 mark) 4. Explain how work is organized in offices. (1 mark) 5. Explain the difficulties faced by self-employed people on the streets. (3 marks) 6. Write down the benefits of permanent employment. (3 marks) 155

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