222310028-VISA-STUDENT-TEXTBOOK-ENGLISH-G04-PART2

ENGLISH 4 TEXTBOOK PART-2 Name: ____________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: ______ School: ____________________________

Preface ClassKlap partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. ClassKlap presents the latest version of the VISA NEP series – updated and revised after considering the perceptive feedback and comments shared by our experienced reviewers and users. Designed specifically for CBSE schools, the VISA NEP series endeavours to be faithful to the spirit of the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005. Therefore, our books strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. The books are split into two parts to manage the bag weight. NCF 2005 asserts that listening, speaking, reading and writing (LSRW) are all generalised skills, and students’ mastery over them is key to success at school. All these skills frequently need to be used together. Therefore, the VISA NEP English textbooks and workbooks strive to provide adequate opportunities for students to practise all the four LSRW skills. To this effect, the VISA NEP English textbooks and workbooks for CBSE schools offer the following features:  T hemes recommended by the NCF across grades 1–5 in the literature pieces  Samples of Indian writing in English as well as popular English literature pieces from western countries  P ictures for word meanings in each lesson to help students with visual clues for new or difficult words  N on-detailed lessons to enable additional reading  A speaking project and two reading comprehension passages in each unit to further hone speaking and reading skills  Horizontal and vertical progression across grades for the grammar concepts covered in the workbooks, providing a spiral of cumulative learning  Samples of format-based writing to provide for scaffolding of learning of formal writing Overall, the ClassKlap VISA NEP English textbooks, workbooks and teacher companion books aim to generate greater engagement with and enhance fluency in English language communication and empower students to develop a genuine appreciation of the language and its literature. – The Authors

Textbook Features Let Us Start Warm Up Activities and questions to Interesting questions to prepare students to focus on arouse curiosity about the pronunciation and help lesson teachers to introduce the lesson I Understand I Read Questions to check Variety of literature pieces comprehension of the literature (prose/poetry/drama) piece Questions after the literature – 'Literature comprehension' piece for quick check of under- and 'Value-based questions' standing are only a part of detailed lessons. Language Game Games to improve language I Speak and enhance fluency Activities for students to speak individually or in pairs or Connect the Dots groups on a theme-related topic clAeosmsnonuneltitcdotissPoctthOipheEelinGrtMhasReurySbmsAjeeeccMottsfiotiMnhnethAaRt order to enable SstuTdOenRtsIEtoS A Note to Parent To engage a parent in the relate better to it out-of-classroom learning of their child and conducting WORD MEANINGS activities to reinforce LANGUAGE GAMES the learnt concepts WRITING

Contents Class 4 Theme 4: Imagination and Adventure 10 The Great Race ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 11 Adventures with the Fairies ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9 12 The Owl and the Pussycat ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 S4 Speaking Project �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 R4 Reading Comprehension ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 22 Theme 5: Exploring the World 13 The Herculean Task ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26 14 Beware of Mikhailovitch (Drama)������������������������������������������������������������������ 32 15 G oing Downhill on a Bicycle ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38 S5 Speaking Project �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 R5 Reading Comprehension ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 44 Theme 6: The Wonders of Science 16 The Magical World of Science ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 48 17 Robot with a Virus ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 54 18 SMpyeSahkaindgoPwro�j�e��c���t��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������p������o����e����g��m������r��s������a������m����������m����������a������r�������� 59 64 S6 R6 Reading Comprehension ������������������������������������������������������s����t��o���r����i�e���s������� 65 word meanings Glossary ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������l���a����n��g����u��a����g���e����g����a���m��� 6e9s writing

Why are we studying this theme? Human beings have the wonderful gift of imagination. With the help of our minds, we can take off into other worlds and make the impossible, possible. Writers and poets are very good at expressing their imagination in words. Let us read two stories and a poem and go on flights of fantasy.

Lesson The Great Race 10 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Words with more than four syllables multiplication imagination generosity personality overpopulation identification responsibility enthusiastically Warm Up • D ifferent countries and cultures follow different calendars. The solar calendar is based on the Earth’s movement around the Sun, whereas the lunar calendar is based on the Moon’s movement around the Earth. Which calendar is followed the world over? • Do you know which calendar is followed while deciding the festival dates in India? Let us read an interesting story that will tell us why the Chinese calendar is named after twelve different animals. 2

I Read Long ago, the Jade Emperor of China invited all the animals to a swimming race. He declared that the first twelve animals would each have a year of the zodiac named after them. All the animals lined up along the river bank. The rat and the cat were poor swimmers. They asked the strong ox to help them. ‘Of course’, said the kind ox. ‘Just climb on my back. I will take you across the river.’ zodiac They had almost reached the other bank when the rat pushed the cat into the water. Just as the ox was about to win the race, the rat leapt onto his head and then onto the bank to finish first. ‘Well done’, said the emperor to the proud rat. ‘The first year of the zodiac will be named after you.’ The poor ox had the second year of the zodiac named after him. Shortly after them, an exhausted tiger clawed his way to the river bank. The third year of the zodiac was named after him. The next to arrive was the rabbit. He had reached the shore by floating on a log. The Jade Emperor declared the fourth year after his name. exhausted Just then, a dragon swooped down to take fifth place. The emperor asked, ‘Why didn’t you win the race when you can fly?’ ‘I needed to make rain for a few thirsty animals and swooped people. Then, I blew a puff of wind to help the rabbit float to the river bank.’ puff ‘Well, that was very kind of you. You will have the fifth year of the zodiac named after you’, declared the emperor. The next thing the Jade Emperor heard was the sound of the horse’s hooves. Suddenly, a sneaky snake wriggled out from around one of the horse’s hooves. The horse was surprised and jumped backwards, giving the snake a chance to take the sixth wriggled sneaky place. The poor horse had to be satisfied with seventh place. The Great Race 3

Not long afterwards, a raft arrived, carrying the goat, the monkey and the rooster. The emperor said that the goat would be the eighth zodiac animal. The monkey would be the ninth and the rooster the tenth. The next animal to finish was the dog. His reward was to raft have the eleventh year named after him. rooster There was only one place left in the zodiac. Finally, the emperor heard a grunt from the boar. ‘You took a long time to cross the river’, said the emperor to the boar. ‘I was hungry and stopped to eat’, explained the boar. boar ‘You have still done well’, said the emperor. ‘The last year of the zodiac will be named after you.’ As for the cat, he was too late to have a year named after him. He felt very angry with the rat. Since then, cats have never been friends with rats. From that day onwards, the Chinese Zodiac has followed this cycle of years that was named after these twelve animals. – a Chinese folktale Let Us Discuss 1) What did the Jade Emperor declare? 2) Which animal came first? 3) Which were the animals in the story that were kind and helpful? 4) According to the story, why have cats and rats not been friends since the race? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word Jade Emperor zodiac exhausted 4

Word Meaning swooped puff sneaky wriggled raft rooster boar Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) How did the rat reach the river bank first? Ans.  2) Why did the dragon not reach first even though it could fly? Ans.  3) Which animals arrived together on a raft? Ans.  4) Name the order in which the twelve animals arrived at the river bank. Ans.  The Great Race 5

Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Why is the snake called ‘sneaky’ in the story? Ans.  2) Which animal’s efforts do you appreciate the most in the story? Why? Ans.  I Speak Role play This is an activity to help you to practise your speaking or conversational skills in English. Conversation 1 Act out the following situation with your partner in front of the class: Situation: Mahesh introduces his cousin Anand to his friend. Mahesh: Hello, Zara, how are you? (greeting) Zara: Fine, thank you. How are you? Mahesh: I am fine too. (responding to the greeting) Mahesh: Zara, meet my cousin, Anand. Anand, meet my friend, Zara. Zara: How do you do? (responding to the first introduction) Anand: I am fine. How do you do? Mahesh: Zara, yesterday I saw your brother at the railway station. Was he going somewhere? Zara: No. He had gone to the station with my grandparents to help them to carry the luggage. 6

Conversation 2 Enact the given situation with your partner in front of the class. Situation: A conversation between a shopkeeper and a customer. Shopkeeper: How can I help you? Customer: Can you show me some shoes, please? Shopkeeper: Sure, which colour and size? Customer: Black. And size eight, I think. Shopkeeper: How about these shoes? Customer: They seem to fit well. Could you pack these shoes, please? Shopkeeper: Certainly! Here is your packet. Customer: Thank you! Group activity Make groups of three. Write a noun on a slip of paper and fold it. Then, exchange the slips with your group members. You have to speak on anything related to the word on your slip for 30 seconds. Time each other to see who speaks for the longest time. Language Game Which head is blowing fire? Dragons are a symbol of good luck in China. The dragon also represents the fifth year of the zodiac. Solve this dragon puzzle by matching the head that is blowing fire with the body. Once you finish it, write down as many words that you can think of that start with the letter ‘z’, e.g. ‘zodiac’. How many have you got? The Great Race 7

Connect the Dots Maths Fun You learnt how to make tangrams in the previous grade. Look at the tangrams of the Chinese zodiac, and try making them on your own. Social Studies Fun China has the world’s largest population. Hence, the Chinese New Year is celebrated by one fifth of the world’s population! ‘Xinnian kuaile’ means ‘Happy New Year’ in Chinese. It is pronounced ‘shin nee-an kwai le’. 2018 was the year of the dog, 2019 is the year of the boar, and 2020 is the year of the rat. A Note to Parent We follow the Gregorian calendar the world over. Familiarise your child with the local calendar used in your culture. It is important to remain connected with one’s heritage. 8

Lesson Adventures with the 11 Fairies Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Here is a tongue twister to practise the ‘ch’ and ‘w’ sounds. Try saying it aloud as fast as you can. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck, if a woodchuck could chuck wood? Warm Up • H ave you ever sat quietly and observed plants, trees or flowers after a shower of rain? How do they look? • Do you like the rains? Why or why not? Let us read a story about the narrator’s adventures with rain fairies. 9

I Read What I am about to tell you happened a long, long time ago. I was staying with my aunty, Nalini. She lived in an old house with a big garden that had many flowers. I loved staying with her. I used to play in her garden in the mornings and then help her cook. Most important of all, I could have breakfast in bed! I slept on a sofa, which was placed against the wall in her bedroom. As I would drift off to sleep every night, drift off damp I would stare at this big, damp stain on the wall. The stain would take different shapes each night – animals, people, fairies. One rainy night, something very strange happened. I saw something come out of the wall suddenly. It looked like a human figure made of cotton, except that it was dark – as dark as the thunderclouds. I felt a human figure touch my shoulder. I looked closely and saw a beautiful woman. In a deep, sweet, kind voice, she said, ‘Good evening! My name is Storm. Don’t be afraid of me; I’m a good fairy. Want to come with me?’ She offered me her hand. It was a slim hand and smelled of raindrops. I was so surprised that I could not answer. ‘Come along, you’ll love the place I am taking you to’, said the fairy. The next thing I knew, I had been carried by her from the warmth of my bed and transported through the bedroom wall, through the middle of that damp stain. soaring We moved up, soaring high. As we flew faster and faster towards the sky, we wandered through the air as the lightning struck and thunder roared behind us. But I wasn’t scared at all. I felt confident as I held onto Storm’s hand. The rain seemed to come in waves, softly murmuring through the sky. Storm smiled at me, as we went up higher and higher. Then, just as smoothly wandered as we had ascended, we began to float back down. We descended through a fog and went towards an area filled with light. In the blink of an eye, we were bathed in sunlight and around us were seven fairies. Each was just as beautiful and kind as Storm. They all smiled at me. The fairies had thin golden paintbrushes in one hand and a painter’s palette palette in the other. Suddenly, the fog cleared and underneath it appeared flowers, plants, animals and many more things. But strangely, each one of them was completely colourless. 10

The seven fairies floated towards the flowers, plants and the animals. Slowly, they started to create magic with their paintbrushes. What a scene it was! I was so stunned by all this that I was left speechless. But an even bigger surprise was in store! I looked back at the path and saw a lovely rainbow! One of the fairies started to play an instrument. I had never heard such sweet speechless music in my life. I danced, sang and clapped along with them. I wanted to ask so many questions to the fairies. As I opened my mouth, I suddenly heard Nalini Aunty’s voice saying, ‘So now you have started singing in your sleep, have you? I think you need a good breakfast. Come on. I’ll bring you some hot milk and your favourite puri with aloo sabji.’ As I nibbled on my breakfast, I kept thinking whether I should tell her what I’d seen. Would she believe me? Then, she suddenly asked, ‘So, did you enjoy your journey through the damp stain?’ nibbled My breakfast was getting cold. I was also going to be late for school. I didn’t have time to answer her. Anyhow, I still believe that whenever it rains, Storm and her friends come to visit us. They leave everything looking bright, fresh and new. (Source: http://freestoriesforkids.com/children/stories-and-tales) Let Us Discuss 1) Why did the narrator love staying with Nalini Aunty? 2) What did Storm’s hand smell like? 3) What did the fairies have in their hands? 4) What was the author doing in the dream just before it ended? Adventures with the Fairies 11

I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word drift off damp soaring wandered in the blink of an eye palette stunned speechless nibbled I Speak Group activity Sit in groups of three for a picture-description activity. Describe any object shown in the picture to your group without naming it. The others will listen to the description and guess which object is being described. 12

Pair discussion Divide your class into pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner. Then, share your combined thoughts with the class. Did the narrator actually have that adventure, or was it a dream? Have you ever had a dream that felt real? What happened? Language Game Down Crossword puzzle 1. heavy rains and wind Solve the crossword puzzle with the help of the given hints. 1 2. a shiny light that we see before it rains 2 3 Across 4 3. a n arc of seven colours after rains 4. a loud sound heard on rainy days 5. a single drop of rain 5 Adventures with the Fairies 13

Connect the Dots Maths Fun The narrator slept for 7 hours that night. How many minutes did she sleep for in all? Hint: 1 hour = 60 minutes Social Studies Fun Did you know that it rains on other planets as well? But the rain there is not made of water. It is made of other chemicals. A Note to Parent Enjoy monsoons with your child by making paper boats and floating them together, appreciating the wonderful season. Monsoon treks can be great fun. Find places around your city where you could go for a monsoon trek with your child. 14

Lesson The Owl and the 12 Pussycat Let Us Start Rhyming words Word Rhyming words money guitar are, star, car Listen and say aloud note fowl love owl sing Word tarried ring day honey nose away stood boat shilling wood will above quince hill sand married Moon hand – grows willing – mince spoon 15

Warm Up • Have you ever seen a pussycat and an owl? Where? • Do you think that two animals can be friends? According to you, which animals can be friends with each other? Let us read a poem about an owl and a pussycat who are on a journey that leads to their marriage. I Read pound The Owl and the Pussycat went to sea I n a beautiful pea-green boat, T hey took some honey, and plenty of money, Wrapped up in a five-pound note. The Owl looked up to the stars above, And sang to a small guitar, ‘O lovely Pussy! O Pussy, my love, What a beautiful Pussy you are, You are, You are! What a beautiful Pussy you are!’ ch arm in gly Pussy said to the Owl, ‘You elegant fowl! elegant How charmingly sweet you sing! O let us be married! Too long we have tarried: But what shall we do for a ring?’ They sailed away, for a year and a day, To the land where the Bong-Tree grows And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood With a ring at the end of his nose, His nose, His nose, With a ring at the end of his nose. 16

‘Dear Pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling shilling Your ring?’ Said the Piggy, ‘I will’. quince S o, they took it away, and were married next day B y the Turkey who lives on the hill. They dined on mince, and slices of quince, Which they ate with a runcible spoon; And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand, They danced by the light of the Moon, The Moon, The Moon, They danced by the light of the Moon. – Edward Lear Let Us Discuss 1) What are the names of the mentioned animals? 2) Where did the Owl and the Pussycat go? 3) What was the colour of the boat? 4) How was the Owl’s song? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word pound elegant charmingly tarried shilling mince The Owl and the Pussycat 17

Word Meaning quince runcible Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What did the Owl and the Pussycat take on their journey to the sea? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) What was the Owl doing on the boat? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) What did the animals in the poem do for a ring for their wedding? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) How did the Owl and the Pussycat celebrate their wedding? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) T he Owl and the Pussycat carried a few things along when they went to sea. If you went sailing for a year and a day, what would you take with you? Why? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Do you find this poem funny? Why? What are the things and words that you think are nonsensical in the poem? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18

I Speak Group discussion Divide your class into three groups. Each group turns the poem into a story. Give wings to your imagination and think of what would happen once the Owl and Pussycat got married. Add that part to your story, and narrate it to the class. Role play Form groups and play the characters from the poem. Enact the whole poem with actions and props. Your props can be a jar of honey, a few notes of money, a coin for a shilling, a small ruler that can be used as the guitar and so on. Language Game Word search Find words from the poem in this word search table. Use the images as hints to find the words. Z P I FGP B E T POUND WD U T I F L DB TMT F I ACH J A K H NOO L R QC CDN AMU Z E L E GAN T DEY F L IO The Owl and the Pussycat 19

Connect the Dots Social Studies Fun Indian rupee Different countries in the world have different names for their currencies. The Indian currency is called the ‘rupee’ and the ‘paisa’. United States Similarly, the currencies of some other countries are as follows: dollar 1) US – United States Dollar, 2) UK – Pound sterling, 3) France – Euro, 4) China – Renminbi, 5) Argentina – Peso Science Fun Did you know that owls and cats have a lot in common? Both owls and cats can see well in the dark. They both can also hear very well. Owls and cats both catch mice and eat them. Owls are, in fact, often called ‘the cats of the air’. A Note to Parent Good poems stay with us for a lifetime. Introduce your child to other popular childhood poems. Here are a few famous poems that you can introduce to your child. a) ‘Daffodils’ by William Wordsworth b) ‘Jabberwocky’ by Lewis Carroll c) ‘Poor Old Lady’, an anonymous poem 20

S4 Speaking Project My favourite story of imagination and adventure Writers and filmmakers have very creative imaginations. Sometimes, they write stories that cannot happen in real life. Some stories are full of magic, superheroes or mythical creatures. They might take place on another planet or in another undiscovered world. Think of your favourite story or film in which impossible things happen. Share the story with your class and say why you liked it. 21

R4 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Last Sunday, little Phulmani went to see a jatra with her parents. She was thrilled to see the jatra. The next day, when she narrated the story of the performance to the class, her teacher said that jatra is actually a kind of folk theatre. This kind of theatre is performed under different names in different parts of our country. It is called ‘tamasha’ in Maharashtra, ‘nautanki’ in northern India and jatra in Bengal. Most of these folk theatres are based on mythological incidents or characters. India has a rich heritage of classical dance forms, and each deals with a mythological narrative. The dancers wear colourful costumes and dance in harmony with music. Kathak is a dance of northern India, while Bharatanatyam, Mohiniattyam, Kuchipudi and Kathakali are all from southern India. Manipuri and Odissi are dance forms of eastern India. Such a wide variety of dance forms cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Phulmani came to know that Indian kings and rulers patronised classical music and dance in their courts. Emperor Akbar loved to listen to the songs of Tansen. Our country is so big that we have many different styles of classical music like Hindustani and Carnatic. Each of these styles began in temples and developed down the ages. 1) What did the teacher say a jatra was? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Who did Emperor Akbar like to listen to? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 22

3) Rewrite the sentences by correcting spelling and punctuation errors. a) I was thriled to see my sister sing? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) What dance foms can be fond in eastern India. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ c) Harish’s parformence did not go well in clas! Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) The meaning of ‘mythological’ is  . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) character a) supported or sponsored 2) heritage b) role in a play 3) patronised c) cultural traditions that are passed down through generations Passage 2 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Welcome to the Arctic! That is the cold, windy area around the North Pole. It includes the Arctic Ocean and the land near it. Snow and ice cover the ground for most of the year. The walrus, polar bear and snowy owl are a few animals that live in this habitat and survive the cold. A walrus spends most of its time in icy water. It has a thick layer of blubber, or fat, under its skin to keep it warm. When a walrus swims, blood flows away from its skin to important organs inside its body. That keeps heat from leaving the walrus’s body, and its skin turns white. When it is warm again, its skin turns pink. A polar bear has special fur to keep it warm. Each hair is shaped like a straw. The shape helps direct sunlight towards the bear’s black skin, which collects and holds in heat. Polar bears also have a layer of blubber under their skin. A snowy owl has two layers of Reading Comprehension 23

feathers that cover its entire body. The bottom layer, which is soft and fluffy, is called ‘down’. The outer layer of feathers is thick. In strong wind, the snowy owl may hide on the ground behind a pile of snow or rocks to block the wind. 1) Which are the animals that live in the Arctic? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What happens when a walrus swims? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Fill in the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives. Adjective Comparative Superlative a) thick ______________________ _____________________ b) special ______________________ _____________________ c) warm ______________________ ______________________ 4) The meaning of ‘blubber’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) habitat a) soft, fine feathers 2) down b) continue to live in difficult conditions 3) survive c) the natural home of an animal 24

Why are we studying this theme? Travelling the world, meeting people and learning about different cultures is not only exciting but also important. This is how we grow as people. But when travel is not possible, what better way than to read! Let us read a story, a play and a poem in which you get to travel along with the authors and enjoy journeys in your mind.

Lesson The Herculean 13 Task Let Us Start Words proven sturdy react accomplished salute pursuit firmly convincing Warm Up • According to you, what qualities should a hero have? • If you were a hero, what qualities would you like to have? Let us read a story about the ‘hero’ of Rome, Hercules, who was famous for his strength and his love of adventure. 26

I Read King Eurystheus was worried. Hercules had proven his courage and strength by completing the ten previous difficult tasks that had been given to him. He was becoming popular. People had started calling him a hero. ‘The next task must be even more dangerous and challenging’, thought the king. ‘It is important that he loses so that the countrymen can see me as their hero again.’ Garden of the King Eurystheus called Hercules to his court and Hesperides congratulated him. He set him the challenge of getting golden apples from the Garden of the Hesperides. Hercules set out in pursuit of this new challenge, pursuit and on the way, he met a beautiful nymph. He nymph asked her for help. She told him to seek the old man of the sea, who was the best navigator. ‘But there is one condition – you need to hold him tight. It is difficult to maintain a grip on him. He can change forms’, warned the nymph. Hercules found the old man sleeping on the shore. He quietly moved navigator towards him and held on to him tight before he could react. The old man woke up, startled. ‘Who are you?’ he screamed. ‘I am Hercules. I need your help to show me the way to the Garden of the Hesperides.’ startled The old man struggled to get free. However, Hercules held on even tighter. The old man turned himself into a deer. He then turned into a kraken – a sea monster resembling a giant octopus. He tried to scare Hercules but failed every time. kraken Finally, the old man told him about the Hesperides, who were the goddesses of the evening. He said that the golden apples were in a garden on an island. To get to the island, Hercules would need to take the help of Antaeus, who was a short- tempered man. Hercules thanked the old man. After some time, he met Antaeus. ‘What do you want from me?’ yelled Antaeus. ‘I want you to show me the way to the Garden of the Hesperides.’ ‘How dare you?’ Antaeus was angry. He attacked Hercules. Hercules fought back and lifted The Herculean Task 27

Antaeus high up in the air. Antaeus got scared. ‘Please put me down. I will answer all your questions.’ Antaeus told him that the Garden of the Hesperides was guarded by a never-sleeping, hundred-headed dragon named Ladon. Only mythology Atlas could enter the garden and take the golden apples. According to Roman mythology, it was believed that Atlas had been carrying the weight of the Earth on his Ladon shoulders for over a thousand years. Hercules knew that convincing Atlas would be next to impossible. So, on his way, he thought of a plan. He also knew that Atlas hated carrying the Earth on his shoulders. When Hercules reached the Garden, he said, ‘I salute you, Atlas. You have been holding the Earth for so long.’ ‘I am so tired’, exclaimed Atlas. ‘I can help you to ease the load for some time. You only have to get me three golden apples from the Garden of the Hesperides’, offered Hercules. Atlas agreed and brought back the golden apples for Hercules. He Atlas could do anything for some rest. ‘You are great, Atlas! It is quite a tough task to hold the Earth’, said Hercules. When Hercules returned with the three golden apples, the king was shocked and nearly fainted. Let Us Discuss 1) Why was King Eurystheus worried? 2) What was the eleventh challenge given to Hercules by King Eurystheus? 3) Who guided Hercules at the beginning of the challenge? 4) Who guarded the Garden of the Hesperides? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word adventure courage 28

Word Meaning Garden of the Hesperides pursuit nymph navigator startled short-tempered mythology fainted Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Why did the king want Hercules to lose a challenge? Ans.  2) How did the nymph help Hercules? Ans.  3) W ho was standing outside the gate of the garden? What did Hercules offer to do for him? Ans.  4) How did the old man at the sea try to scare Hercules? Was he successful? Ans. Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) What are a few of the important qualities of Hercules that helped him succeed at his task? Ans.  The Herculean Task 29

2) Given below are some qualities that might make a person a hero. Discuss each quality with your classmates. Then, choose three qualities that you would like to have. Give reasons for your choices. courage, humility, patience, ability to understand other people, ability to work hard, honesty, kindness, helpfulness, sensitivity Ans.  I Speak Group discussion We all have examples of real-life heroes like Gandhi, Mother Teresa and Malala Yousafzai. Read or listen to the stories of these famous role models. Make two groups in class. Each group chooses a hero that it feels inspired by. The groups then list down their heroes’ qualities and share them with the class. Public speaking Parents, teachers and other elders often give us seemingly difficult tasks to complete. Tell your class about one such ‘Herculean task’ by answering the following questions: • What was the task set for you? • Who set this task? • What were the challenges that you faced? • Who helped you? • Did you manage to complete the task? • What did you learn about yourself? Language Game Actual word Jumbled words Rearrange the jumbled words. Jumbled word GDROAN LASTA SANTAEU 30

Jumbled word Actual word PYHMN DOGNEL RAINGOTAV Connect the Dots Maths Fun If each golden apple weighs 7 kg, how much would 3 such apples weigh? Social Studies Fun You have learnt earlier how different ancient civilizations are connected with one another. The civilizations also influenced one another. The Romans were influenced by the Greek and Egyptian civilizations. Therefore, there are many similarities between the Greek and Roman myths. They also worshipped the same gods but with different names. For example, the goddess of love is known as ‘Aphrodite’ in Greek culture but as ‘Venus’ in Roman culture. Look at the following images of two ancient structures of the Greek and Roman civilizations. Colosseum of Rome Herodeon of Athens, Greece A Note to Parent This story is taken from a Roman myth. Tell your child stories from Indian mythology or from other cultures. There is a lot to be learnt about cultures and human behaviour through myths and legends. They also make for fascinating stories. The Herculean Task 31

Lesson Beware of Mikhailovitch 14 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Words furnished gangster regal moustache fireplace scratching groceries acquaintance Warm Up • Have you ever changed houses? • Do you think changing houses and going to new places is good? Why or why not? Let us read a funny drama piece about a mysterious character named Mikhailovitch. 32

I Read Setting: A cosy living room in a cottage in Russia with a fireplace at the back. Two easy chairs and a sofa with a centre table are the only furniture in the living room. An old, worn-out rug is placed on the floor, close to the fireplace. fireplace Cast Satish Anand – a man in his forties; Meera’s husband Meera – a woman in her forties; Satish’s wife Satish and Meera’s nine-year-old son Aditya – the Russian landlord Yuri – Valentina – the Russian cleaning lady Satish: This is a lovely and beautifully furnished cottage. We were lucky to get it. It’s really cosy. Aditya: (sitting on the sofa) I’m tired, and I’m also bored. Meera: (sitting on the chair) Don’t worry. I’m sure you will make lots furnished of friends at school. Aditya: I’m cold. Satish: (moving to the fireplace and warming his hands) Come closer to the fireplace. It’s warm. Aditya: (not moving) I’m hungry. Meera: Just wait for a bit. Yuri said Valentina would bring some groceries groceries very soon, and I’ll make you a sandwich. Satish: Meera, come here; I want to talk to you about something. Meera: (going close to him) Yes, what is it? Satish: Yuri told me a strange thing. Before he disconnected the call, he said, ‘Beware of Mikhailovitch’. I don’t understand what he meant. Meera: Shhh! Don’t let Aditya hear that. He might get scared. Aditya: I heard you! Who is Mikhailovitch? Satish: (with a forced smile) Nothing, son. Beware of Mikhailovitch 33

Doorbell rings. Meera: (opening the door) Ah, it’s Valentina. Do come in. Valentina comes in, carrying packets of groceries. Valentina: Good evening, welcome to Moscow. I have brought the groceries. She goes into the kitchen to keep the packets. Valentina: I cleaned the cottage yesterday. If you need any help, I live close by. Do give me a call. Yuri is coming to meet you, and he will give you your local mobile phone and my number. Opens the front door and steps out. Valentina: Everything is fine here, but beware of Mikhailovitch. Valentina closes the door and leaves before the family can ask questions. Aditya: Who is Mikhailovitch? Satish: (uneasily) Don’t worry; I’m sure it’s nothing. Aditya: I’m sure Mikhailovitch is a gangster. A tall, huge man with a black hat gangster and a machine gun. Papa, I’m scared, I wish we hadn’t come. Satish: Be calm; Yuri is coming very soon. We’ll ask him. Meera, please make a sandwich for Aditya. Meera: (going to the kitchen) Of course, coming to help me? Aditya: No, we better be prepared in case Mikhailovitch comes in with his revolver gun. Papa, you don’t happen to have a hidden revolver, do you? Satish: (smiling) No, son. I don’t. There is a scratching sound at the front door. Aditya: (in a panicked tone) That must be Mikhailovitch, what should we do? Satish: (opening the door a little and laughing loudly) Come in. Aditya: Papa! Be careful, what are you doing? Satish opens the door, and a beautiful, white cat walks in regally, with measured steps, goes to the rug near the fireplace and settles down. Satish: This cat must belong to the owners of the cottage, see how comfortable regally it is. Aditya: (with a relieved sigh) I was very frightened. Satish and Aditya share a smile. 34

Meera: What was the commotion? Oh my goodness, what do we have here? What a beauty! Come here. The cat ignores everyone and makes itself comfortable. Aditya: Mummy, we were really scared just now. The cat scratched the commotion door, and I thought it was Mikhailovitch. When Papa opened the door, I got really scared. Meera: (smiling) We’ll clear this mystery of Mikhailovitch once and for all when Yuri comes. Now, be a good boy and have your snack. Aditya goes into the kitchen and returns with a look of surprise. Aditya: Mummy, where are the sandwiches? There is an empty plate on the table. Meera: (stunned) I made them just now. What could have happened? Aditya: Mummy, I’m terrified. Do you think Mikhailovitch came in through the kitchen window and took the sandwiches? Doorbell rings. Satish opens the door. Satish: It’s Yuri. Do come in. Yuri: (shaking hands with Satish) Welcome to our country! I’m sure you will acquaintance enjoy yourself here. This cottage is very comfortable except for one thing. Ah! I see Mikhailovitch has made your acquaintance, naughty boy. Satish, Meera and Aditya: Who is Mikhailovitch? Yuri: (pointing to the cat) There he is. Is there any food missing? He is always hungry and steals all the food in the kitchen. Beware of Mikhailovitch! Everyone bursts out laughing, and the looks of worry on the faces of Satish and Meera disappear. – Manjula Shukla Let Us Discuss 1) In which country is the play set? 2) What was the strange thing that Yuri said over the phone? 3) Who did Aditya think Mikhailovitch was? 4) Who was Mikhailovitch? Beware of Mikhailovitch 35

I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word fireplace furnished groceries gangster revolver regally commotion acquaintance I Speak Role play A play is written for the stage. This story about Mikhailovitch is presented in the form of a drama or play. Divide your class into groups. You can enact the play or read it out using voice modulation and expressions for the different characters. Group discussion Get into groups of three. Now, imagine that Mikhailovitch wasn’t a cat after all. Think of a different ending for the play in your group. Write it down and share your ending with the rest of the class. Vote for a group other than your own that you think presented the best ending. 36

Language Game Many words from one Come up with as many words as you can by using the letters of the name MIKHAILOVITCH in one minute. See who gets the most words in your class. Connect the Dots Maths Fun Meera has made 13 sandwiches. She needs to divide them equally among Aditya, Yuri, Satish and herself. But Mikhailovitch has stolen 2. How many parts will she have to divide them into so that all four individuals can get an equal share? Science Fun Did you know that the cat family comprises of 37 cat species, including animals like the cheetah, the lion and the tiger? Collect pictures of other animals that belong to this family, and make a chart for your science lab. A Note to Parent Encourage your child to learn more about theatre and plays. Try taking them for a play in your locality. Beware of Mikhailovitch 37

Lesson Going Downhill 15 on a Bicycle Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Rhyming word Word Rhyming word hill swift lift Word fly joy boy still air – cry – share Warm Up • Do you know cycling? Do you like to cycle? Why or why not? • H ave you ever cycled down a hill? How do you think you would feel while cycling down a hill? Share your thoughts. Let’s read a poem in which a boy describes the fun of riding downhill on a bicycle. 38

I Read With lifted feet, hands still, I am poised and down the hill Dart, with heedful mind; The air goes by in a wind. poised Swifter and yet more swift, Till the heart with a mighty lift Makes the lungs laugh, the throat cry, dart ‘O bird, see; see, bird, I fly. heedful Is this, is this your joy? O bird, then I, though a boy, For a golden moment share, Your feathery life in air!’ – Henry Charles Beeching Let Us Discuss 1) What is the boy doing in the poem? 2) What kind of mind does the boy have when he darts down the hill? 3) According to the boy, how does the air go? 4) To whom does the boy compare his joy? I Understand Meaning Exercise 1: New words Word poised dart heedful Going Downhill on a Bicycle 39

Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Describe the boy’s position before going down the hill. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2) What happens when the boy goes ‘swifter and yet more swift’? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3) What does the boy ask the bird to see? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4) How does the boy compare himself to the bird? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) What do you think the boy thinks about the lives of birds? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) The poem is about feeling joyful. What kinds of activities give you a feeling of joy? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 40

I Speak Ask for and give directions People often get lost when they are travelling or when they are in a new place. Imagine that your partner is a new student. Take turns and help them by giving directions to different places in your school. You could also try giving them directions from the school to your house. Group discussion Make groups of four. Discuss the mode of transportation – air, water or land – that you think is the best. Give reasons for your choice. Language Game Group them up Here are some words. Group the rhyming words. Work with a partner to play this game. See which pair can do this the fastest. Hint: Each group will have three words that rhyme with each other. coal blue food pole light hook shoe site palace malice too rude whole Alice shook sight book mood Connect the Dots Maths Fun A sports shop has 12 tricycles, 15 bicycles and 8 unicycles. How many cycle wheels are there in the sports shop? unicycle bicycle tricycle Going Downhill on a Bicycle 41

Science Fun Why do you think it is faster and easier to go downhill on a bicycle than uphill? This happens because of gravity. Gravity keeps all things rooted to the surface of the Earth. The more we go against gravity, the more difficult it becomes to perform any action. While going downhill, we are going along with gravity, which makes the journey faster and easier! A Note to Parent Emphasise the importance of eco-friendly means of transportation such as cycling and walking. Be a role model for your child by practising eco-friendly methods of living whenever possible. 42

S5 Speaking Project Travel preparations Travelling is fun. We get to see, learn and experience many things when we travel. But before a journey, there is a lot of preparation that goes into making our journey comfortable and safe. Do you know how one should prepare for a journey? Can you share your preparation plans with your classmates? Hints: • How many days in advance do you start preparing for travel? • W hat kind of preparation is needed? (things that need to be packed, helping parents select a hotel, making lists and helping with household work before going for a holiday and so on) • What do you do on the day of travel? 43

R5 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the story and answer the questions given below. ‘It is a wonderful book, Maa’, Barun replied happily. ‘I am reading about Rakesh Sharma right now.’ ‘So you are reading about the first Indian to go to space’, said his mother. She sat on the bed beside her son and asked him, ‘Have you read about Kalpana Chawla?’ Barun started reading about Kalpana Chawla in the evening. Kalpana Chawla was born in 1962 in Karnal in the state of Haryana. Nicknamed ‘Montu’ by her family, she went to school at the age of three. Later, she studied Aeronautical Engineering at Punjab Engineering College, India. In 1982, Kalpana went to the USA to study at the University of Texas at Arlington. In 1988, she became a research scientist at NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, California. In November 1996, Kalpana joined the STS-87 mission aboard space shuttle Columbia. The mission flew in November–December 1997, during which Kalpana spoke with the then Prime Minister of India, Mr Inderjit K. Gujral, from the orbit. On 16th January, 2003, Kalpana again went into space. She was on board the space shuttle Columbia. After a successful flight, Columbia was lost with its crew during reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere on 1st February, 2003. A hill on Mars and a star in deep space have been named after Kalpana. Her story shows the value of hard work and sincerity that is remembered even when one is no more. 1) Who was the first Indian to go to space? Ans. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Where was Kalpana Chawla born? Ans. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 44

3) Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the options given in brackets. a) Kalpana Chawla was born _____________________ (on/in) Haryana. b) S he was _____________________ (under/among) a group of astronauts who travelled to outer space. c) The rocket flew _____________________ (over/with) the Earth. 4) Another word for ‘answer’ in the passage is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) space shuttle a) honesty 2) crew b) spacecraft 3) sincerity c) team Passage 2 Read the story and answer the questions given below. Kite flying is one of the world’s oldest sports. In China, people used to fly different coloured kites to send different messages. No one knows for certain who invented kites. Some historians believe that the Egyptians were the first to fly kites. Ancient Egyptian carvings depict men flying objects attached to strings. Some believe that Ancient Greeks invented kites, while others believe that the Chinese made the first kites. Throughout the centuries, kites have been used for various purposes. Once, a Chinese emperor who had been imprisoned was saved by a kite. His followers flew a huge kite over the tower in which the emperor was imprisoned. Recognising the kite, he took hold of the huge ropes hanging from the kite and flew away to freedom. Benjamin Franklin used a kite to prove that lightning is a form of electricity. He flew a kite in a thunderstorm and was almost killed when lightning travelled down the wet string and lit up his instruments. The kite was also responsible for the invention of aeroplanes. The Wright Brothers flew many kinds of kites and studied their movements before making the first aeroplane. Actually, the first aeroplane was a huge kite glider that was specially made to carry an engine and a person. Reading Comprehension 45

1) Which is one of the world’s oldest sports? Ans. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Who used a kite to prove that lightning is a form of electricity? Ans. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Write the past tense of the words given below. a) fly – ___________________________ b) make – ___________________________ c) take – ___________________________ 4) The meaning of the word ‘ancient’ is _____________________________________. 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) invented a) a period of hundred years 2) historian b) created for the first time 3) century c) someone who studies and records history 46