ENGLISH 1 LANGUAGE Name: ___________________________________ Section: ________________ Roll No.: _________ School: __________________________________
Contents Part 1 1 Naming Words �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2 Punctuation ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 P1: Picture Reading 19 3 One and Many ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 4 Pronouns ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 30 P2: Picture Reading 38 5 Describing Words ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 6 A, An, The �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50 P3: Picture Reading 58 7 Action Words �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 61
1 Naming Words Naming words A naming word is the name given to a person, place, animal or thing. Naming words are the names for everything that we see around us. person place animal thing Common names and special names This is a dog. His name is Rex. The word ‘dog’ is a common name for this type of animal. ‘Rex’ is a special name given to this particular dog. Remember • A common name is a general name that is used for naming a person, place, animal or thing. Common names begin with small letters. Examples: girl, city, chocolate • A special name is the name given to a special person, place, animal or thing. Special names always begin with capital letters. Examples: Reema, New Delhi, Dairy Milk 1
Common names Special names man Rahul girl Anjali country India Ganga river biscuit Marie Gold Exercise 1: Underline the words that name the person, place, animal or thing in each sentence given below. One is done for you. a) The cat is soft. b) The clock is big. c) Pia is happy. d) The Sun is yellow. 2
e) Sana is skipping. f) My school is very big. Exercise 2: Sort the naming words given in the box. Write them in the correct columns. One is done for you. ball Preeti table cow Rohan park Person Place Animal Thing a) Preeti b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Exercise 3: Sort the common names and special names given in the box. Write them in the correct columns. One is done for you. dog Tommy Jaipur bottle pencil Sumit Common names Special names a) dog b) c) d) e) f) Naming Words 3
Masculine, feminine, neuter and common gender names Read the following sentences: Rohit is the son of Miss Shweta is The book is My parents are Mr Sharma. our headmistress. brown in colour. doctors. Naming words can also be sorted according to their gender • M asculine gender names: These • N euter gender names: These are the names for boys, men are the naming words for non- and male animals. living things without any gender. Examples: father, uncle, They are used for objects headmaster, king, lion and places. Examples: bed, table, clothes, school, phone, computer, bus, building, lake • Feminine gender names: These • C ommon gender names: These are the names for girls, women are naming words that can be and female animals. male or female. Examples: mother, aunt, Examples: teacher, pilot, cousin, headmistress, queen, lioness singer, child A few more examples: Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine gender gender gender gender son daughter brother tiger tigress nephew sister man woman niece cock grandfather grandmother hen fox vixen 4
Neuter gender Common gender book pencil parent baby table chairs friend artist stone tree relative student Naming Words 5
2 Punctuation I always come at the end of a Capital letters and full stops sentence. I come at the start of a new sentence or a special name. Capital letters Full stop • A sentence always starts with a • A sentence ends with a full capital letter. stop (.). • S pecial names always begin with capital letters. • Always use a capital letter for the word ‘I’. More on punctuation Read the following sentences: I like cooking Ouch I hurt my What a great Will you eat. cats and kids. knee. surprise. Do you understand what these sentences mean? 9
The marks that help us to understand a sentence are called punctuation marks. The sentences given earlier do not give the right message because three important punctuation marks are missing. They are the comma (,), exclamation mark (!) and question mark (?). Let us learn about them. Punctuation mark Uses Examples • This mark is used to a) I like cooking, cats separate three or and kids. more words in a list. b) I like milk, apples, Comma cherries and plums. • T his mark is used at the a) What is your name? end of all questions. b) Will you eat? Question mark Exclamation mark • This mark is used to a) What a great surprise! express strong feelings (joy and surprise) such as joy, anger, pain, excitement, b) Ouch! I hurt my knee. sadness or surprise. (pain) Exercise 1: Circle the words that should start with capital letters. Add full stops to the sentences. One is done for you. a) r ani and r ohit are best friends. b) i will go to school on monday c) red is the colour i like the most d) karan has a cat named kitty 10
e) My birthday is in may f) kiran lives in kerala Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences using capital letters. One is done for you. a) i play in the park. Ans. I play in the park. b) my father and i like to run. Ans. c) my mother and i clean the house. Ans. d) i play every day. Ans. Punctuation 11
e) ravi cleans his room every sunday. Ans. f) sandeep meets his friends. Ans. Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences by adding capital letters and full stops. One is done for you. my name is amey i live in chennai I have a pet dog named bruno we play together My name 12
P1 Picture Reading Picture 1 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 1) The girl has a pet _______. a) cat b) dog c) rabbit d) mouse 2) The girl’s mother is holding a _______. a) bag b) shoes c) dog d) lunch box 3) there is a car on the road. The word that should begin with a capital letter is _______. a) there b) road c) on d) car 19
4) T he girl and her mother are standing on a carpet. A carpet is like a _______. a) mat b) chair c) flower d) step 5) There is a _______ on the wall. The word rhymes with ‘lock’. a) dog b) clock c) shoes d) bag Picture 2 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 6) There are _______ people in the picture. a) three b) two c) no d) four 7) This picture shows children enjoying _______. a) a bedtime story b) a good sleep c) watching TV d) reading a book 20
8) There is a window in the picture. ‘Window’ is a _______. a) person b) place c) animal d) thing 9) The grandmother is sitting on a _______. a) cheir b) chiar c) chair d) cheyar 10) T he children are lying on a bed. The word _______ rhymes with ‘bed’. a) red b) bad c) bell d) wet Picture Reading 1 21
3 One and Many Singular and plural nouns These are a child’s toys. Wow! There is a truck, a car and an aeroplane. Look at the cute teddy bear and the rabbit. Look, the lovely doll is smiling at you! The words ‘child’, ‘toys’, ‘truck’, ‘car’, ‘aeroplane’, ‘teddy bear’, ‘rabbit’ and ‘doll’ are common naming words. Common naming words can be singular (single or one) or plural (more than one or many). Remember Singular naming words name a single person, place, animal or thing. one car Plural naming words name more than one person, place, animal or thing. many cars Most naming words are made plural by adding -s to the ends of the words. Examples: Singular Plural Singular Plural toy toys doll dolls car cars duck ducks rabbits aeroplanes rabbit balls aeroplane trucks ball truck 22
Singular Plural Singular Plural bat bats rocket rockets engines teddy bear teddy bears engine boys chair chairs boy bird Can you make the following words plural by adding -s? cat teacher father tree Many singular naming words cannot be made plural just by adding -s. We make plurals of words ending in ‘-o’, ‘-s’, ‘-x’, ‘-ss’, ‘-sh’ and ‘-ch’ by adding ‘-es’ to the ends of such words. Examples: Singular Plural Singular Plural tomato tomatoes potato potatoes bus buses fox foxes box boxes dish dishes princess princesses wish wishes beach beaches witch witches Exercise 1: Read the sentences given below. Underline the singular naming words. Circle the plural naming words. One is done for you. a) That boy loves to play with cars. b) My father bought two bats for us. c) The ducks quacked when they saw the bus. d) The girl saw the hungry bears. One and Many 23
e) The students greeted their teacher. f) My pet dog loves to chew on bones. Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the singular forms of the naming words given below. One is done for you. Singular Plural a) plate plates b) spoons c) trees d) cups e) sisters f) chairs Exercise 3: Complete the table with the correct singular or plural forms of the given naming words. One is done for you. Singular Plural a) pencil pencils b) train 24
Singular Plural c) tiger d) books e) doors f) basket One and Many 25
4 Pronouns Subject pronouns Read the following sentences: Veena and her mother Rohan plays football. The bus is red. The bus is big. go to the market. Rohan is good at Veena and her mother playing football. buy clothes. ‘Veena’, ‘mother’, ‘Rohan’, ‘football’ and ‘bus’ are naming words. The naming words in the sentences above have been repeated. This makes the sentences longer. Now, read the sentences given below. • Veena and her mother go to the market. They buy clothes. • Rohan plays football. He is good at it. • The bus is red. It is big. We use the words ‘they’, ‘he’ and ‘it’ in place of the repeated naming words. These words are called pronouns. Pronouns are words that we use in place of naming words. Subject pronouns are pronouns that take the place of naming words (people, places, animals and things) that do the main action in a sentence. 30
Remember • W e do not use the same naming words again and again. We use pronouns in place of naming words. • We do not use our names to talk about ourselves. We use the word ‘I’. ‘I’ is also a pronoun. It is followed by ‘am’ and not ‘is’ or ‘are’. Look at the subject pronouns below. One Many I we you you they he, she, it Exercise 1: Underline the subject pronouns in the sentences given below. One is done for you. a) It is a new dress. b) You will all get prizes. c) I have many friends. d) He plays cricket. e) They go to school every day. f) She plays football. Pronouns 31
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct subject pronouns from the options given in brackets. One is done for you. a) Tammy, Ahmed and Sonu went to the park. They (I/They/He) had a fun day. b) Can I have a sandwich? (I/She/We) am very hungry. c) I like you a lot. (It/He/You) are my friend. d) That elephant has tusks. (It/We/They) also has big ears. e) Anita and I are going out. (He/It/We) are going to the market. f) Hello, (she/I/it) am Shweta! Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with I/he/she/it. One is done for you. a) The giraffe is very tall. It has a long neck. b) Sneha loves animals. has a pet cat. c) My sister and went to the park. We had a lot of fun. 32
d) The bird is singing. is sitting on the tree. e) am six years old. f) is the boy who came first in the race. Pronouns 33
P2 Picture Reading Picture 1 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 1) There are _______ horses in the picture. a) five b) three c) two d) one 2) A _______ is riding the cart. a) man b) cat c) woman d) horse 3) The man is in the cart. The naming words in the above sentence are: a) man, cart b) in, the c) man, is d) cart, the 38
4) We can see two big _______. (rhymes with ‘feels’) a) meals b) wheels c) seals d) bells 5) There is 1 man in the picture. The number name for 1 is _______. a) own b) won c) one d) on Picture 2 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 6) How many people do you see in the picture? a) three b) one c) four d) eight 7) The _______ is holding a book. a) girl b) birds c) river d) man Picture Reading 2 39
8) They are looking at the birds. The subject pronoun in the above sentence is _______. a) looking b) They c) at d) birds 9) Two people are wearing _______. The word rhymes with ‘bats’. a) mats b) rats c) bets d) hats 10) The children are laughing. The opposite of ‘laughing’ is _______. a) smiling b) sleeping c) crying d) eating 40
5 Describing Words Describing words We went to a beautiful beach on Sunday. It was a bright day, and the blue waves of the sea greeted us! My parents had carried five sandwiches and juicy apples for us. After playing in the water, we spent time counting the boats and ships on the water. There were eight ships! The beach also had yellow sand. We made a big sandcastle with the sand. It was a fun day. The words ‘beautiful’, ‘bright’, ‘blue’, ‘five’, ‘juicy’, ’eight’, ‘yellow’, ‘big’ and ‘fun’ tell us more about the naming words. They are describing words. 41
Describing words usually come before naming words. Describing words can be of many kinds. They answer questions about naming words like: ‘what kind?’ and ‘how many?’ Read the paragraph on the previous page again and then read the table given below. What kind of? How many? beautiful beach five sandwiches bright day eight boats and ships blue waves juicy apples big sandcastles fun day yellow sand Can you think of describing words for the following naming words? mountain chocolate water Exercise 1: Circle the words that describe the underlined naming words. One is done for you. a) I want to drink hot soup. b) We ate four guavas. c) Sapna drank one glass of milk. 42
d) M r Mehta is a kind man. e) Please give me seven spoons. f) B havna has strawberry jam and fresh bread. Exercise 2: Draw pictures with the help of the given labels. a) b) yellow Sun three bananas c) d) small mouse mango juice e) f) sad boy black grapes Describing Words 43
Exercise 3: Underline the naming words. Then, draw a star on top of each describing word in these sentences. One is done for you. a) The sweet apples are on the floor. b) The fluffy kitten is sleeping. c) She has long hair. d) There are five birds in the sky. e) I have colourful marbles. f) That tree has yellow leaves. 44
6 A, An, The Using ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ Leena is a girl. She is holding an apple. She will eat the apple now. Look at the words ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’. These words point out naming words or groups of naming words. They are called articles. ► A is used before words that start with a consonant sound. A consonant sound is the sound made by all the letters except a, e, i, o and u. Rohan has This is a rat. a cat. ► An is used before words that start with vowel sounds. Vowel sounds are the sounds made by the letters a, e, i, o and u. Sheela has This is an ant. an orange. 50
► W hen we speak about something for the first time, we use ‘a’. After that, we use the. ► The is also used to speak about something specific. This is a rabbit. Ira went to The rabbit is the park near eating a carrot. her house. Exercise 1: Read aloud the names under each picture. Then, match the pictures to the words ‘a’ or ‘an’. One is done for you. a) b) ice cream dog c) a candy d) octopus e) insect an f) ball A, An, The 51
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’. One is done for you. a) b) an arrow bat c) d) igloo caterpillar e) f) cake aeroplane Exercise 3: Underline the articles (a, an, the) in the sentences. One is done for you. a) She has an uncle who lives in Bihar. b) Karen is going to a party. c) Raja has an umbrella. d) There is a pencil on my table. Can you give me the pencil? e) The boys in my class like to play. f) I can see an eagle. The eagle is very big. 52
P3 Picture Reading Picture 1 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 1) The children are flying ______. a) lights b) kites c) colours d) flowers 2) There are ______ kites in the picture. a) three b) one c) four d) seven 3) The children are in a field. Which pronoun can you use for ‘The children’? a) He b) It c) They d) We 58
4) T he children are happy flying the kites. The opposite of ‘happy’ is ______. a) joy b) cry c) angry d) sad 5) T here are 3 children in the picture. The number name for 3 is ______. a) tree b) three c) one d) kite Picture 2 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 6) The hare and the tortoise are having a ______. a) fight b) race c) dance d) party Picture Reading 3 59
7) The tortoise ______. a) wins b) rests c) loses d) sleeps 8) The word ‘tortoise’ is a ______. a) doing word b) describing word c) pronoun d) naming word 9) A rhyming word for ‘hare’ is ______. a) here b) hand c) care d) mouse 10) The tortoise is happy. The meaning of ‘happy’ is ______. a) careful b) joyful c) sad d) fast 60
7 Action Words Doing words or action words Words that show any action done by a person, animal or thing is called a doing word or action word. Here are a few examples of doing words or action words. play bark run Exercise 1: Colour the stars that have doing words or action words in them. One is done for you. a) b) c) talk skip frock d) e) f) eat box sing 61
Exercise 2: Underline the action words in the sentences below. One is done for you. a) Mira walks to school. b) The dog plays with its ball. c) Zoya smiles at Ira. d) I drink milk every day. e) Sana eats chocolates. f) We run to the park. Exercise 3: Match the pictures to the action words. One is done for you. Column A Column B a) A) jump b) B) laugh c) C) read d) D) sing e) E) kick f) F) sleep 62
Contents Part 2 8 Tenses ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 P4: Picture Reading 12 9 Position Words ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 10 Joining Words ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26 P5: Picture Reading 42 11 This, That, These, Those ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45
8 Tenses Simple present tense Rehana and her parents get up early in the morning. Rehana waters the plants in her garden. She also puts the pots in a line. Her father cuts the leaves from the trees. Rehana and her parents love their garden. Read the words in bold in the above paragraph. All these words are doing words or action words. They are talking about actions that we do every day or very regularly. When the doing word in a sentence tells us about actions that we do regularly or daily, the sentence is in the simple present tense. Examples: Tim plays football every Fish live in water. They go to church day. every Sunday. 1
Remember Do not add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ to action words that come after ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they’ and plural naming words. Examples: • I go to the park every day. • We live in that house. • They come here in the morning. • Dogs bark loudly. Add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ to action words that follow ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular naming words. Examples: • He goes to the park every day. • She lives in that house. • It barks loudly. • Rahul comes here in the morning. Exercise 1: Underline the action words that are in the simple present tense. One is done for you. a) I eat dinner early. b) She plays with her friends. c) The birds sing every day. d) Ali drinks milk in the evening. e) He comes here every day. f) They live in this house. 2
Exercise 2: Look at the given picture. Fill in the blanks with action words in the simple present tense. Use the word box for hints. One is done for you. watch eat work like drink make Little Zuzu watches TV with his parents every evening. His mother for a company, and his father is a teacher. They cartoons. Sometimes, Zuzu’s father popcorn to eat. They the popcorn together. They also fruit juice as they watch TV. Tenses 3
Simple past tense We visited Delhi in May. The city was very hot. My sister and I played in a park. We stayed with our aunt and uncle there. The above paragraph describes actions that are complete or finished. Such actions are written in the simple past tense. The simple past tense talks about actions that happened yesterday, last week, last month or many years ago. Remember • In the simple past tense, we use the past tense form of the doing word. Examples: Simple present tense Simple past tense I study for my exam. I studied for my exam. He likes to study. He liked to study. They watch a movie. They watched a movie. • The past tense forms of most action words are made by adding ‘-d’, ‘-ed’ or ‘-ied’. In most action words that end in ‘-y’, we change the ‘-y’ to ‘-ied’ to make their past tense forms. Examples: like – liked, smile – smiled, rain – rained, learn – learned, copy – copied, try – tried, cry – cried • In the simple past tense: is and am was are were Can you think of five activities that you did yesterday? Describe what you did using the simple past tense. 4
Exercise 3: Underline the action words that are in the simple past tense. One is done for you. a) The monkey jumped up and down in the park yesterday. b) She washed her hair with shampoo last Sunday. c) Ravi finished his homework quickly last night. d) Alia waited for me at the station on Wednesday. e) We talked all afternoon. f) I lived in that house many years ago. Tenses 5
P4 Picture Reading Picture 1 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 1) There are _______ children wearing caps. a) six b) four c) seven d) three 2) We can see _______ fish in the picture. a) three b) four c) five d) two 3) The children are walking on _______ fallen tree trunk. a) a b) an c) us d) in 12
4) The children are holding long _______ in their hands. a) pencils b) needles c) sticks d) stones 5) There are rocks on both sides of the stream. A ‘rock’ is a big _______. a) fish b) stone c) grass d) bird Picture 2 Look at the picture given below and choose the correct answers. 6) All the animals in the picture are _______ animals. a) wild b) small c) big d) pet 7) Among the animals in the picture, only a _______ does not have legs. a) bird b) snake c) zebra d) monkey Picture Reading 4 13
8) The animals live in a large forest. Which is the describing word in the above sentence? a) live b) forest c) animals d) large 9) A _______ has black and white stripes on its body. a) zebra b) horse c) tiger d) rhino 10) A monkey can hang by its _______. a) tale b) tall c) tail d) tell 14
9 Position Words Position words Position words are words that tell us where something is. Here, the cat is IN the box. Where is the cat? in the box Now, it is ON the box. Where is the cat? on the box The cat is UNDER the box. Where is the cat? under the box Now, it is BESIDE the box. Where is the cat? beside the box The cat is BETWEEN the boxes. Where is the cat? between the boxes 15
Remember Position words help in connecting two naming words. They tell us the positions of the naming words. Example: The cat (naming word) is under (position word) the chair (naming word). Without the word under, you cannot know where the cat is. In the same way, on, in, beside and between also tell us the different positions of naming words. Exercise 1: Underline the position words in the given sentences. One is done for you. a) The cat is sitting on the chair. b) Sumit stands beside Anjali. c) The ball is between the boxes. d) The owl is under the box. e) The book is between the chairs. f) The pencils are in the pencil stand. 16
Exercise 2: Colour the blocks that have position words in them. Find out the animal that is formed. fan black green car grow pen under Monday under shirt book on between in beside beside is skip on under in eye on cap lips leg give between stone is dog hand glass tree are ear grass under can hair water hill sleep May pan Position Words 17
Exercise 3: W here are the animals? One is done for you. in on under beside between a) The cat is under the tree. b) The hen is sitting c) the nest. 18 The horse is the house and the tree.
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