202110194-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G08-PART2

IV. Writing Discourses 1. Writing a notice Imagine you are the Principal of a school and prepare a notice to be put up on the school notice board, warning the students against buying food from roadside vendors. Template A notice must have the following characteristics: x Must be brief x Eye­catching captions x Must have points in order of priority x Content must be presented in concrete manner ATTENTION AND BEWARE Date: 1.1. 2015 Serious cases of food poisoning have been reported recently by many parents. Therefore, all students are hereby requested and advised to bring home-cooked food or eat from our School Canteen only. I strongly urge you all to please refrain from eating snacks and lunch bought from road-side vendors. Let us all take this step together towards healthy eating. I expect complete co-operation from each of you and would be disappointed to learn otherwise. (Signed) Principal 2. Sending an SMS or text message An SMS or a text message is a means of communication which is very brief and intends only to pass on important information. The Short Message Service (sms) is a text messaging service which is most popular nowadays. 100

Template x Receiver’s identity ­ Name or Phone Number x Main information in 10­12 words x Reason for sending x Sender's name or Phone number (1) Send an SMS to your class teacher regarding your leave of absence from school the next day. Dear Beena ma'am Will be absent tomorrow. Have to attend a cousin's wedding. -Sanjana (2) Write a message to your friend asking him to get his revision worksheet file as you were absent from school for 3 days. Dear Subbu, Please bring your revision worksheet file tomorrow. I want to take down important questions. Thanks. -Sanjay 3. Biographical Sketch A biographical sketch is the story of the life of a famous personality - either living or dead, giving details about his personal life, his professional life, his achievements and his fame. Template x The full name, date of birth, place of birth, town, state, country, etc. x Some more personal details x Professional details of his career x Achievements and honours x Contribution to the nation Write a biographical sketch of M.S Dhoni based on the hints given below.  Full name: Mahendra Singh Dhoni  Born on 7th July 1981 (34 years)  Born in Ranchi, Bihar, India 101

 Indian Cricket Captain since 2005  Right handed batsman  Role - Wicket keeper, Captain  Matches won 270 ODIs, 52 T20 matches  Runs scored total 4,876, ODIs 8,832  Most wins by an Indian Captain  Won World Cup in 2011, T-20 World Cup in 2007  Many more achievements of winning numerous trophies and championships.  Awarded player of the year in 2008, Rajiv Gandhi Khel award in 2007, Padma Shri in 2009 M. S. Dhoni, popularly called Mahi or MSD or simply, Dhoni, the Indian Cricket captain, doesn't need an introduction. Every ... knows his name. His full name is Mahendra Singh Dhoni. He was born on 7th July 1981 at Ranchi in Bihar, India. He made his debut in 2004 and became the Captain in 2005. He is a right-handed top class batsman and an excellent wicket keeper. The wicket keeper batsman combination being a part of the cricket team for such a long period is a rare occurrence. He is appreciated for his captaincy and cool command towards his teammates. He has won many laurels for the country. He won 270 ODIs and 52 T20 matches, besides test matches. He has the credit of being the Indian Captain with the most number of wins. He captained the team to victory in the World Cup tournament in 2011 and the T-20 World Cup in 2007. He has many more achievements, trophies and championships to his name. He was awarded the Player of the Year award in 2008, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 2007 and the Prestigious Padma Shri in 2009. He is the heartthrob of millions of cricket crazy fans of our country. He is the Pride of India. 4. Letter Writing - Formal We have discussed about informal letters in one of the previous exercises. Formal letters can be further divided into many types - Business letters, letters to the Editor/ Manager/ Officer, etc., letters applying for a job, letter to the Principal, complaint letter, etc. Template The following points need to be followed while writing a formal letter: ­ x Heading ­ Writer's address and date x The superscription ­ Receiver's address x Subject ­ Topic of the letter x Salutation ­ Respected Sir/ Ma'am, etc. x Body of the letter ­ content related to the topic x Subscription ­ Yours truly, Yours faithfully etc. 102

Write a letter to the principal of your school requesting him/ her to issue you a Transfer Certificate and a Conduct Certificate. Include the following points in your letter:  Father got a transfer to Kolkata  Admission in new school  Transfer Certificate and Conduct Certificate needed  Student of this school from Class I to VIII  First Ranker and Class Representative Visakhapatnam. Date: 1.1.2019 From, Sravanthi Class VIII, St. Ann's School Simhachalam Visakhapatnam To The Principal St. Ann's School NAD Junction Visakhapatnam Respected Sir Subject: Requesting issue of Transfer Certificate and Conduct Certificate I have been a student of your school from class I to Class VIII. I hold the first rank in my class and am also the Class Representative. I have won many prizes in debates for the school. Unfortunately, my father has got a transfer to Kolkata and we have to move in 2 months' time. I request you to please issue my Transfer Certificate and Conduct Certificate as I shall need them for my admission in a new school. Thank you in advance. Yours sincerely Sravanthi Class VIII – B 103

Write a letter to the Editor of the local newspaper complaining about the insanitary & inhuman conditions of the Municipal hospitals Include the following points in your letter  Doctors are not coming on time  Nurses are not maintaining medicine schedules properly  Sweepers not cleaning the wards and washrooms  Expired tablets are being issued Visakhapatnam Date: 5 - 5 - 19 From Ram Nagar Daspalla Hills Visakhapatnam - 3 To The Editor The Hindu Visakhapatnam Respected Sir Subject: Sad unsanitary conditions of Municipal Hospitals I am a resident of Ram Nagar in Visakhapatnam. I frequently go to the Municipal Hospital for treatment. Of late I have been observing a lot of discrepancies. We have to wait in long queues for hours together because the doctors never come on time. The levels of cleanliness and hygiene at the hospital are miserable. For in-patients, the nurses do not maintain the schedules of the medicines properly. Many times we have observed that the drugs given are of substandard quality and expired. The maintenance staff is not maintaining cleanliness of the wards. Our problems at the hospital are too many to be narrated. I request you to publish this article in your esteemed paper so that concerned authorities can take necessary action. Thank you in advance. Yours truly Puneet K S 104

5. Write a letter applying for a Job Read the following advertisement which appeared in a newspaper. WANTED Teachers for Maths, Physics, Hindi and Commerce for secondary classes in the City premises. Candidates should be fluent in English and must have at least 2 years experience of teaching in an ICSE or CBSE School. Candidates must be post graduates with B.Ed. RESONANCE SCHOOL, Asilmetta, Visakhapatnam Ph : 886652104 E-Mail - [email protected] Write a letter to the address given above applying for the job. State your qualifications and other details that you consider necessary. From Ashrit Kotapadu,. Pendurthy Visakhapatnam Date: 2 - 1 - 2019 To The Principal Resonance School Asilmetta, Visakhapatnam Sub: Application for the post of Physics Teacher Respected sir, I am a post graduate in Physics from Andhra University. I have completed my B.Ed. from IGNOU and my M.Ed. for Osmania University. I have worked in reputed CBSE schools for 8 years. I would like to offer my candidature for the vacancy of Physics teacher in your prestigious institution. My commitment towards my job and love for teaching make me an ideal person to work in your school. I herewith attach my Curriculum Vitae. 105

Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you in advance. Yours faithfully Ashrit (Signature) 6. Creating a Poster A poster is an excellent way to get your point across quickly. It has an effective impact on the viewer. A poster can communicate large amounts of information in few words. Template x Behind a good poster should be a strong message x Use bold headings x Write catchy captions x Use bright colours and pictures x Make an impact on the viewer’s mind x Use factual information x Use creativity and imagination Design a poster to propagate the idea of making Delhi a clean city and reducing its pollution levels. Use the following hints: x Plant trees x Use carpooling x Use CNG vehicles x Use public transport x Say no to plastics 106

CLEAN DELHI GREEN DELHI Make Delhi a Dream City Use carpooling Do not cut down trees Use CNG vehicles Plant more trees Use Public Transport more often Say NO to plastics DELHI IS A HISTORICAL CITY, LET’S NOT MAKE IT GARBAGE CITY 107

7. Descriptive Writing The primary purpose of descriptive writing is to describe a person, place or thing in such a way that a picture is formed in the reader’s mind. Capturing an event through descriptive writing involves paying close attention to the details by using all of your five senses. Template Tips for good descriptive writing: x Start with the main idea x Explanation should create mental pictures x Follow a logical order x Use the method of ’compare and contrast’ of ideas x Finish with a re-statement of your main idea Darjeeling, bearing the title of ’Queen of the Hill Stations’ in the north-east, is one of most beautiful and alluring hill stations. Nestled in the Eastern Himalayas, close to Nepal and Bhutan, it is located at the northern tip of West Bengal. As we move from Siliguri up the mountain, crossing mysterious forests, we are greeted by a stunning view of Darjeeling and the rapturous beauty of the Kanchenjunga Range peeking out between the oak, pine and orchids. We can feel pure exhilaration fill our hearts as we see the Himalayan beauty. Darjeeling is called the ’land of the thunderbolts’ by the locals. The tiny villages, the water falls, the snow covered mountain peaks, and the tiny toy trains elevate the beauty of the place beyond imagination. The tea gardens on the slopes and the local women with their baskets picking the tea leaves is a sight worth watching. The tiger hills and the rope ways are the other attractions. 8. Designing an Invitation Invitations are a means to announce special occasions in a grand manner. Letting people know about the details of the occasion in charming designs and flowery words, just about defines an invitation. Template 7KHIROORZLQJWLSVZLOOKHOSLQGHVLJQLQJDQLQYLWDWLRQFDUG x The name of the programme must be bold and highlighted. x Details about venue, time, day and date must be given. x Key attractions of the programme with pictures must be presented. x Host’s name and phone number must be given at the bottom. 108

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 Saturday, Jan 9th 2016, 10:00 a.m to 4:00 pP ÂĄÐ Venue: The Grand Academy Hall ĎĎÇĀÅĎČBĈD
Rural Arts
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Hobby Corner By students, staff and management of XYZ School 9. Diary Writing Diaries are notebooks where a person's personal and private - innermost feelings, thoughts and ideas are expressed freely. Template Thefollowinghintswouldbeusefulwhilewritingadiary: x 7KHGDWHPXVWEHZULWWHQDWWKHWRSRIWKHHQWU\\ x ,WLVDGD\\ZLVHHQWU\\ x &KURQRORJLFDOO\\RUJDQL]HG x 7KHHQWU\\LVRIWHQDGGUHVVHGWRWKHGLDU\\DVLILWZHUHDOLYLQJWKLQJ x (YHQWVRULQFLGHQWVDUHPHQWLRQHG x )HHOLQJVDQGHPRWLRQVDUHH[SUHVVHGZLWKRXWIHDU Imagine that you were badly scolded by the teacher because you were absent from school. Now, write a Diary Entry describing your feeling about the incident. 109

Hints which you could include in the Diary Entry x I am upset x Leave of absence x Teacher punished x Humiliated x Felt terrible Diary Entry: Dear Diary, Today I am very upset. My teacher punished me very badly. Yesterday, I was absent to school as my aunt had come from the U.S. and we had all gone out for a picnic. After I went to school in the morning I came to know that many children were absent yesterday and so the teacher was furious. She came to the class and yelled at all of us for our lack of discipline. She then called each one of us and asked us for the reason of our absenteeism. Each student gave some silly reason. My turn came and I gave my reason. She was annoyed and scolded me very badly. I am normally a very regular student. In spite of that I was scolded. I felt very bad. I did not tel anyone at home. 10. Speech Writing A speech is a formal address or discourse delivered to an audience. A speech is a powerful means of communication. Therefore the tone, the words, the language, etc. must have a long- lasting effect. Template +LQWV
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HDVLHU x Makingagoodimpression x Introductionofthetopicinanimpressiveway x Givingexamplesrelatedtothetopic x Usingquotesandsimiles x Askingquestions x Speechmustbestructured x Conclusionmustbememorable Prepare a speech that you would like to make on ’Climatic Changes on Earth’ for the morning assembly in your school. 110

x      x
   x       x       x             Speech: A very good morning to everybody. I stand before you today to share my views on the burning issue of climate change. It would be foolish if we were to close our eyes and minds to the issue any further. The increasing levels of air pollution, the sewage polluting the water bodies, the plastic pollution of soil and rivers, etc. are all ruining the Earth. This kind of behaviour is causing global warming and increasing the temperatures of the atmosphere. These, in turn, are causing natural disasters like cyclones, floods, earthquakes, etc. Man is exploiting the natural resources of the Earth in a selfish manner to satisfy his greed but he is unable to see that it is adversely affecting his survival on the planet. Therefore, we need to remember that 'The earth does not belong to man. Man belongs to the Earth.’ I would like to conclude that we have no right to destroy Earth. It is our responsibility to safeguard it for the generations of the future. Thank you for listening, but I hope that you will also act upon it proactively. 111

Extra Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Material UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1: THE TATTERED BLANKET 1. Choose the words with similar meanings (synonyms) for the undelined words from the given list. possessions, tend, costly, dazzling, position, income Delhi is too (a) expensive. You know I have four children to look after now. I can’t make both ends meet with my (b) salary. And one has to keep up one’s (c) status. It will be a great help if I can raise some money by selling my share of the family (d) property. a) costly b) income c) position d) possessions 2. Write the opposite words (antonyms) of the underlined words. kindness, quickly, ignored, willingly, brightness, youngest Kamla, her (a) eldest daughter, a widow, who was sitting huddled up on the thinna on the verandah, her head and ears covered with a thin bath towel, go up (b) reluctantly, walked (c) slowly to the gate and screwing up her eyes, peered into the (d) darkness. a) youngest b) willingly c) quickly d) brightness 3. Complete the following words using “ar, ei, ea, ow” i) It’s all tattered now, just a ball of knotted yarn. ii) There was a note of alarm in Amma’s voice. 112

CHAPTER 3: A LETTER TO A FRIEND 1. Choose the words with similar meanings (synonyms) for the undelined words from the given list. nearly, quietness, unforgettable, position, raise, shouting Our tour to Srisailam was (a) memorable. Still I remember the green hills full of trees that (b) almost touched the sky! I remember the (c) roaring of the Krishna River at the dam. There is nothing here! I wonder at my child’s (d) silence. a) unforgettable b) nearly c) shouting d) quietness 2. Write the opposite words (antonyms) of the underlined words. found, friendship, true, these, come, dislike Suresh…I don’t know where those gardens have (a) gone, those fairy tales, those fruit, those words of love and (b) affection...We have (c) lost our real life in this (d) unreal world. a) come b) dislike c) found d) true 3. Complete the following words using “ia, ai, ea, ui” i) I remember how our class teacher appreciated us when we got the first prize in District Science Fair. ii) Our grandma used to give us fr.. t and biscuits 4. Arrange the following words under correct headings listed in the columns below. Capitalise in case of proper noun. amma, daughter, madras, wife, hyderabad, thiruvananthapuram, srisailam , widow. Person Place amma Madras daughter Hyderabad Thiruvananthapuram wife Srisailam widow 113

UNIT 2 CHAPTER 1 AND 2: THE SELFISH GIANT 1. Choose the words with similar meanings (synonyms) for the undelined words from the given list. reached, fortress, inside, ended, immediately, decided After the seven years were (a) over, I had said all that I had to say and I (b) determined to return to my own (c) castle. When I (d) arrived, I saw children playing in my garden. a) ended. b) decided. c) fortress. d) reached 2. Write the opposite words (antonyms) of the underlined words. front, exposed, laugh, beneath, rooted, nearest It was the (a) farthest corner of the garden, and in it was standing a little boy. He was so small that he could not reach up to the branches of the tree, and he was (b) wandering all round it, crying bitterly. The poor tree was still quite (c) covered with frost and snow, and the North Wind was blowing and roaring (d) above it. a) nearest. b) rooted. c) exposed. d) beneath 3. Complete the following words using “ar, ai, ea, ow” i) Who knows how many unreached are waiting to be rescued. ii) She stayed alone waiting for the day to pass. 4. Arrange the following words under correct headings listed in the columns below. Capitalise in case of proper noun. wall, hail, chimney-pot, roof, frost, door, snow, wind In a House Weather wall hail frost chimney-pot snow roof wind door 114

UNIT 3 CHAPTER 1: THE STORY OF IKAT 1. Choose the words with similar meanings (synonyms) for the undelined words from the given list. biased, uncommon, unexpectedly, dazzling, inscribe, sprinted (a) Suddenly they noticed the teacher carrying bundles of cloth walking towards the class. A few of them (b) dashed to help her. They all liked her as she was fair to everyone and was never (c) partial to one student. The (d) brilliant red and black checked rumals, shawls with black and blue geometric patterns caught the attention of the class as the teacher handed over the material to the eager helpers. a) unexpectedly. b) sprinted. c) biased. d) dazzling 2. Write the opposite words (antonyms) of the underlined words. uncaring, adamant, ignored, unwinding, embrace, remembered Teacher (a) gazed around the class and said “A hand operated loom which weaves and has been (b) weaving fabrics for centuries. In the race against the machine, we have (c) forgotten our heritage”. She fell silent and the children recognised her (d) pensive mood and kept silent. a) ignored. b) unwinding. c) remembered d) uncaring. CHAPTER 3: MAESTRO WITH A MISSION 1. Choose the words with similar meanings (synonyms) for the undelined words from the given list. dissimilar, preferred, identified, , non-identical, ascend, change Thus the (a) transformation of dance was complete! It was (b) different from the days when men played the female roles. Now, women play even male roles. Yet, it was not much (c) popular. And, it was not (d) recognised on a par with other classical dances till 1958. a) change b) dissimilar c) preferred d) identified. 115

2. Write the opposite words (antonyms) of the underlined words. expert, ignorance, disability, expert, brevity, discomposed Some of the masterpieces like ‘Padmavati Srinivasa Kalyanam’ (a) composed by Dr. Vempati are the symbols of depth of his (b) knowledge and mastery over Kuchipudi. He had an (c) ability to communicate each nuance of the dance to connoisseurs and (d) laypersons equally well. a) discomposed b) ignorance c) disability d) expert UNIT 4 CHAPTER 1: BONSAI LIFE (PART I AND 2) 1. Choose the words with similar meanings (synonyms) for the undelined words from the given list. empowered, miserable, give way, severely, dispirited, accustomed Feeling (a) disheartened at being unable to impress Akkayya with my bonsai, I (b) collapsed weakly into a chair. I was most (c) distressed – as if the entire art I had learnt had come to nought. It was like throwing perfume into ash. Suddenly a dust storm began to rage. The sand hit our faces (d) harshly. I caught hold of Akkayya’s shoulder and dragged her into the room. Then I closed the doors and windows in a hurry. a) dispirited b) give way c) miserable d) severely 2. Write the opposite words (antonyms) of the underlined words. naturalise, uproot, unused , illiterate, accredit, reject Because Akkayya was not educated, she was married to a man from the village. Though my Baavagaru was (a) educated, his ideals made him (b) choose agriculture as his profession and he (c) settled down in the village to cultivate his land. Akkayya grew (d) accustomed to the village life. a) illiterate b) reject c) uprooted d) unused 116

UNIT 5 CHAPTER 1: DR. DWARKANATH KOTNIS 1. Choose the words with similar meanings (synonyms) for the undelined words from the given list. prepared, administered, carry out, propagate, demise, substitute, He worked as a lecturer for sometime in the Military area at the Dr. Bethune Hygiene School. He (a) took over the post of the first president of the Bethune International Peace Hospital after Dr. Norman Bethune (b) passed away. During a long-drawn out battle against Japanese troops in 1940, Dr. Kotnis (c) performed operations for 72 hours non-stop without any sleep and his small team (d) conducted 50 operations everyday for a fortnight. a) substitute b) demise c) administered d) carry out 2. Write the opposite words (antonyms) of the underlined words. lapse, spiritless, reprimand, joyful, forgetting, overlap “He was (a) vivacious and liked singing. Sometimes I couldn’t stop laughing when he told jokes,” said Guo, (b) recalling Kotnis with a smile. The (c) tragic tale was to (d) continue even after Dr. Kotnis’ death. Their son Yin Hua who was three months old when Dr. Kotnis died, also passed away when he was just 25. a) spiritless b) forgetting c) joyful d) lapse CHAPTER 2: THE DEAD RAT 1. Choose the words with similar meanings (synonyms) for the undelined words from the given list. take part, escaped, fondness, mourned, adore, christened One day, Madananka (a) absconded from his house, deserting his mother and pregnant wife. His mother (b) grieved for him. The daughter-in-law after some time gave birth to a son. He was (c) named Ratnanka. Though poor, Ratnanka was brought up with (d) affection and care and given good education. a) escaped b) mourned c) christened d) fondness 117

2. Write the opposite words (antonyms) of the underlined words. refused, sunshine, dried, shrunk, bowl, sink Ratnanka took the Bengal gram home and (a) soaked it in water. Next morning, he added some salt and pepper to the soaked and (b) swollen Bengal gram, took drinking water in an earthen (c) pitcher, went outside the city and sat under the (d) shade of a tree and offered each woodcutter some Bengal gram and cold water. a) dried b) shrunk c) bowl d) sunshine 3. Complete the following words using “ae, ei, ea, ia” i) One day, Ratnanka got a rat made of gold, weighing one kilo. ii) He smiled, ‘No, there is one greater than me to help the creatures-it is the worm. iii) A new enthusiasm seemed to have crept into her voice. 4. Arrange the following words under correct headings listed in the columns below. Capitalise in case of proper noun. fabric, felicitate, grieved, threads, sympathise, herbs, spices, buried Object Action fabric felicitate threads grieved herbs sympathise spices buried 118