202110194-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G08-PART2

THE BONSAI LIFE- PART 1 II. Answer the following questions. 1. What was the only ‘luck’ that the narrator had in her childhood? 2. Give instances to show that the narrator loved going to school. 3. What was the value of $5 in the “poor girl’s life”? Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passages) Session 2 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"She's in her final year at school. If by God's grace she clears her exams, I am determined to send her to college. Your Baavagaru doesn't really like the idea of sending her to the next town and putting her in a hostel. but I don't like to keep a girl at home without educating her. Isn't what I'm going through enough In these times, if a woman doesn't have a degree, she'll come to nothing. Without it, she'll have to live under her husband's thumb, like a scorpion under a slipper,\" she said. a. Who is the speaker? b. What does the speaker not want to do? c. In what way is the speaker's husband different from her? d. What is Baavagaru's opinion? e. What is a married woman without an education compared to in the passage? II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Akkayya is not as educated as me. By \"not as educated\" I mean Nannagaru did not let her study after Class Five. Of what use was education for a girl? Those were the days when people thought it was enough if a girl was able to keep the washerman's accounts. A decade later, when I was born, there wasn't much debate as to whether a girl should have education or not. I was lucky that my father cha- nged with the times. He didn't even hesitate to send me to college. No girl who is well educated can be satisfied with staying at home, being a housewife and looking after the household after marriage. She would want to put her education to good use and achieve something in life. I too was driven by the sa- me desire. Even though my husband had a good job, I took up one as well. a. Why is Akkayya called 'not educated'? b. What was enough for a girl of Akkayya's generation? UNIT 4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 50

THE BONSAI LIFE- PART 1 c. Why did the narrator say that she was lucky? d. How could a girl put her education to good use? e. Which word in the passage means 'a period of ten years'? !&#' $$! 3 I. Find out the meanings of the phrasal verbs given below and use them in sentences of your own. 1. Come across - 2. Put off - 3. See off - 4. Get over - 5. Take over - II. Match the idioms given in column A with their meanings in Column B. AB 1. at a loss [ ] a. noisy excitement 2. back to square one [ ] b. change one’s behaviour for the better 3. carrot and stick [ ] c. not knowing what to say or do 4. hue and cry [ ] d. back to the situation at which one started 5. pros and cons [ ] e. reward and punishment 6. turn over a new leaf [ ] f. points for and against III. Tick () the words that are similar in meaning to the underlined words. 1. To (1) neglect work at home and look after office work is an (2) uphill task for a woman. (i) A. finish B. begin C. forget [] (ii) A. difficult B. harmful C. simple [] 2. I can't (1) contain my (2) excitement. (i) A. start B. control C. continue [] (ii) A. sorrow B. promise C. thrill [] UNIT 4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 51

THE BONSAI LIFE- PART 1 ## $$! 4 I. Fill in the blanks using the given choices. Write only letters (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) as your answers. “Look at that tree. Look at how many people are standing _______ (1) it without getting wet,” she said, as if it was something out of the ordinary. I saw _______ (2) unusual in it. Realising that I had not understood ______ (3) she was getting at, she said again, “Look how tall that turayi has grown. Out in the open, see how freely it has grown, However _______ (4) the sand storm, it hasn’t bowed a little bit. Moreover, it has provided shelter to so many people, and is ________ (5) them.” 1. A. at B. in C. under D. below [ ] 2. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. one thing [ ] 3. A. what B. that C. which D. why [ ] 4. A. strongly D. sandful [ ] B. powerful C. big 5. A. protection B. protected C. protecting D. protected [ ] Akkayya and Baavagaru were coming to this city and our home for the first time _______ (1) my marriage. I had looked forward _________ (2) their visit all these years. They had ______ (3) left their little village to go anywhere. Using children, cattle, cooking etc., as excuses, they had always avoided moving out. Under such _________ (4), imagine their coming to our house and to this big city! Akkayya is not _______ (5) educated as me. 1. A. since B. from C. for D. to [] 2. A. since B. from C. for D. to [] 3. A. always B. never C. forever D. once [] 4. A. circumstances B. ways C. times D. days [] 5. A. as B. more C. less D. much [] II. Rewrite the following sentences as Yes/No questions. 1. He pulled the letter from my hand. 2. The narrator is more fortunate than her sister. 3. They are speaking affectionately to me. 4. Akkayya has brought many things. 5. She wants to put her daughter in a hostel. UNIT 4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 52

THE BONSAI LIFE- PART 1 Creative Writing $$! I. Observe the picture and write in about 120 words the thoughts that come to your mind. Hints: A festival – folk performance – many spectators – rangoli – ritual – little boy – holds flute. II. Make a poster announcing a speech competition to be held in your school on International Women’s Day (March 8). The topic for the competition is– “Empowering The Girl Child.” The poster should contain information on the time, venue and sponsors of the event. UNIT 4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 53

THE BONSAI LIFE- PART 2 CHAPTER -2: THE BONSAI LIFE (Part- II)  
  !\"# $!  $ $$ $$! Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Education provides an essential qualification to fulfil certain economic, political and cultural functions and improves women’s socio-economic status. At every age and level, education enhances the intellectual, social and emotional development of women and enables them to meet their basic needs of daily life. Education reduces the inequalities in the society. Girls’ education is one of the most effective ways for ending poverty in developing nations, the society and their families. Only educated woman can understand the needs of the family. They never send their children to work and instead arrange for their education in good schools. They take proper care of the health and diet of their children. An educated mother knows what is good for her kids and how they should be brought up. She promotes the education of all her children without discrimination. But if a mother is not educated, she might do something wrong without reasoning and harm herself and her children. She may think that education is only for males and not for females and thus, she may discriminate between her children. If girls are not educated they remain dependent on their family before marriage, on their husband after marriage and on children after the death of their spouse. Education may liberate them from this unpleasant situation. I. Choose the best option to answer the questions below: 1. What is the passage about? [] [] A. Education of girls C. Equality of the genders B. Qualities of a mother D. Ways of improving the society 2. Which of the following is not true? A. Education reduces the inequalities in society. B. Mothers who are educated will send their young children to work. C. Lack of education leads to dependency. D. The poverty in developing nations can be reduced by educating girls. II. Answer the following questions. 1. What is the main reason for the unpleasant condition of women? 2. How does education help a woman to take care of her family better? UNIT 4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 54

THE BONSAI LIFE- PART 2 Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passage) Session 7 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. But it seemed as if Akkayya didn't appreciate what I said. \"I don't know. You have confined a turayi tree to a flower pot when it could have grown to the height of a building,\" she sighed. Feeling disheartened at being unable to impress Akkayya with my bonsai, I collapsed weakly into a chair. I was most distressed - as if the entire art I had learnt had come to nought. It was like throwing perfume into ash. Suddenly a dust storm began to rage. The sand hit our faces harshly. I caught hold of Akkayya's shoulders and dragged her into the room. Then I closed the doors and windows in a hurry. a. Why does the narrator feel disheartened? b. What was the art that the narrator had learnt? c. What does the phrase 'throwing perfume into ash' mean here? d. What started suddenly? e. Why did the narrator close the doors and windows in a hurry? II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. From the very start, Akkayya had been keen on studying. But Nannagaru didn't educate her. Because she was not adept at oral arithmetic. Nannagaru had said, \"Ah, she's a girl! How will studies get into her head?\" and had made her discontinue her lessons concentrating only on Annayya's education. Because she was uneducated, she got married to a man from a village, had to look after the cattle, keep the stove clean, draw water from the well...Amma used to be very upset that Akkayya had to go through such drudgery. a. How was Akkayya in studies? b. Why didn't Nannagaru educate her? c. How was Akkayya's married life? d. What made Amma upset? e. Which word in the passage means 'hard, boring work'? UNIT 4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 55

I CAN TAKE CARE OF MYSELF CHAPTER -3: I CAN TAKE CARE OF MYSELF  
  !\"# $! $ $$ $$! 8 Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Fatima Ahmed, the famous artist turned writer, was born in a conservative but well-to-do Muslim family, in Hyderabad. She never really fit in because she was a free spirit who believed in equality. Although it was hard for Fatima Ahmed to break the shackles, she made sure to follow her dreams and do all that she ever wanted. From travelling the world to creating her very own niche in the world of art, Fatima has lived her life on her terms. According to her, the one good thing her father did was to enrol her in the Government Mahaboobia Girls School, the foremost learning institution at that time. Education gave her the freedom to think. It was there that she developed a deep love for drawing, painting and the classical Indian dance form Kathak, all of which she learnt without the approval of the family elders. Much against her father’s will, she joined the College Of Fine Arts in Hyderabad and earned a diploma in painting. The demise of her parents made her leave home as she didn’t want to stay back and be bossed around by her brothers and other family members. Thus, she left Hyderabad and went to Bombay in the early 1960s. She established herself as an artist: she has held many exhibitions in India and abroad, and her work is part of many important art collections. I. Choose the right answer. 1. Fatima Ahmed is famous for her_________________. [] A. nutritious recipes B. chain of beauty salons C. social work D. paintings 2. Where did Fatima develop the love of art? [] A. at school B. at college C. at her home D. at the Nizam’s palace 3. What made Fatima leave home? [ ] A. desire for higher studies B. the demise of her parents C. desire to explore the world D. her wish to live alone II. Answer the following questions. 1. Why couldn’t Fatima Ahmed cope with her family? 2. How did Fatima’s schooling influence her life? 3. Why was Fatima able to achieve her dreams? UNIT 4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 56

I CAN TAKE CARE OF MYSELF Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passage) Session 9 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Once upon a time, there was a mother rat who wnated to get her young daughter married as soon as possible, to most powerful being that she could find. 'Who is the most powerful being on Earth?' she asked herself. She saw the bright Sun God travelling across the sky, and thought, 'Surely, all all beings depend on the Sun. The Sun God is the most powerful being on this Earth.' She asked the Sun God, 'Are you the most powerful being on this Earth?' a. What did the mother rat want to do? b. What did the mother rat ask herself? c. Who did the mother rat see? d. What did the mother rat think of the Sun? e. Which word in the passage means the same as 'creature'? A. TheDiragtraandIpnatuesrepd troetetlal utsiofaniry tales, about the princes, warriors and theSveillasgseiobonys. 10 I. Study the table given below and answer the questions that follow. a. How many students in all sections failed both examinations? 57 b. How many students in Section C failed atleast one examination? c. How many students study in Section B? d. Which section has the least number of students? e. Which exam results are shown here? UNIT 4 WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

GRATITUDE SESSION 1 DR.DWARAKANATH KOTNIS – READING 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun adulation epilepsy admiration; praise a disease of the nervous system that causes a person to fall unconscious septuagenarian memorabilia a person who is objects that are between 70 - 79 years collected in memory of of age persons and events Adjective virulent vivacious dangerous cheerful renowned famous UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 58

Verb LESSON$ - DR.DWARAKANATHKOTNIS revered commemorate respected or admired keep a great person, deeply event etc. in people’s memories venerated respected shy away avoid something that you dislike rendered provided service 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This extract is about the famous Dr Dwarakanath Kotnis who was born on October 10, 1910, in Sholapur, Maharashtra. He completed his medicine from G. S. Medical College, Mumbai and joined the Medical Aid mission to China. He went on an expedition to many places such as Vietnam, Brunei, etc. September 1938, when Subhash Chandra Bose accepted Zhu De’s request and sent a team of five doctors to China, Kotnis was a part of the team. Though all the other doctors returned to India after the war, Kotnis decided to stay back and serve the military base. Here he started his work in Yanan and then went to the anti–Japanese base area in North China and worked in the surgical department of the 8th route Army General Hospital as the Physician–In–Charge. Here he fell in love with Guo, a Chinese nurse and married her in November 1941 and had a son on August 23rd, 1942. He named him Yin Hua. He worked as a lecturer at the Dr Bethune Hygiene School and became the first President of the Bethune International Peace Hospital. During the battle, Kotnis played a major role in controlling a dangerous strain of plague that hit Chinese soldiers. He died of epilepsy on December 9th, 1942 when he was 32 and was buried in the Heroes Courtyard, Nanquan village. The Chinese government built a memorial hall in the memory Dr Kotnis in Shijiazhuang city, Hebel Province in 1976. Both China and India have honoured Kotnis with postal stamps in 1982 and 1993 respectively. The family members of Kotnis have also shared their memories of the doctor during their visit to China after his death. Mrs Kotnis has also been an honoured guest at many functions in China and India. Dr Kotnis, being famous in China for his contribution towards humanity, is equally respected in India as well and has also been given the name of ‘One who never returned’. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 59

SESSION 2 DR.DWARAKANATH KOTNIS – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. Why was Dr Kotnis sent to China? A. In 1937, the communist General of China, Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru to send Indian physicians to China during the second Sino–Japanese war to help the soldiers. The President of the INC, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose accepted the request and sent a medical team of five doctors named M. Atal, M. Cholkar, D. Kotnis, B. K. Basu and D. Mukerji. Thus, Dr Kotnis was one of the five doctors who was sent to China to serve injured Chinese soldiers in September 1938. Q2. What was Dr Kotnis’ contribution to Dr Bethune International Peace Hospital in China? A. Dr Kotnis served as a doctor at the Bethune International Peace Hospital. He worked as a lecturer for some time in the military area at the Dr Bethune Hygiene School. He took over the post of the first President of the Bethune International Peace Hospital after Dr Norman Bethune passed away. Q3. Why did Dr Kotnis opt to stay back in China? A. After the war, all other doctors except Dr Kotnis returned to India. Dr Kotnis decided to serve at the military base. So, he opted to stay back in China. Q4. How did Chinese show their gratitude towards Dr Kotnis? A. In order to cherish the memory of Dr Kotnis, the Chinese government built a memorial hall for him in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province in 1976. Along with the Canadian Dr Norman Bethune, Dr Kotnis continues to be revered by the Chinese people. In April 2005, both their graves were covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival, a day used by the Chinese to commemorate their ancestors. A small museum there has a handbook which contains words that Kotnis wrote in his “Passage from India to China”, some of the instructions that the surgeons used at their time and many photographs of doctors. China has honoured him with a stamp in 1982. This way the Chinese continue to show their gratitude towards Dr Kotnis. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 60

LESSON$ - DR.DWARAKANATHKOTNIS Q5. Why was Mrs Kotnis a regular invitee at the Indian embassy functions in China? A. The selfless service rendered by Dr Kotnis to the Chinese soldiers moved the heart of the Chinese. He is deeply respected by them. As the wife of Dr Kotnis, she has also been honoured all along. Since Dr Kotnis was from India, she was a regular invitee at the Indian embassy func-tions in China. Q6. What sort of a person, do you think, was Dr Kotnis? What are your impressions about him? A. Subjective response. (Sample response: Dr Kotnis was a doctor who rendered selfless service and saved the lives of hundreds of wounded Chinese soldiers. From that, I gather that Dr Kotnis was a kind–hearted, generous humanitarian, who wanted to selflessly serve his society.) Q7. Read the passage about Dr Kotnis again and fill in the form given below. A. i. Name: Dr Dwarakanath Kotnis ii. Year of birth: 1910 iii. Place of birth: Sholapur, Maharashtra iv. Occupation: Doctor v. Nationality: Indian vi. Wife’s name: Guo Qinglan vii. Places of work and the positions held: i. Yan’an –Doctor ii. Anti–Japanese base area in North China –Physician–In–Charge at the Eight Route Army General Hospital iii. The Military area at the Dr. Bhethune Hygiene School –Lecturer iv. Dr. Bhethune International Peace Hospital –First President viii. Honours given by China and India: i. A memorial hall was built by the Chinese government in the memory of Dr Kotnis in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province in 1976 ii. In April 2005, the graves of both Dr Norman Bethune and Dr Kotnis were covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival, a day used by the Chinese to commemorate their ancestors iii. Both China and India have honoured Dr Kotnis with stamps in 1982 and 1993, re- spectively ix. Date of death: December 9, 1942 UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 61

SESSION 3 DR.DWARAKANATH KOTNIS – VOCABULARY 3.1 Vocabulary I. Associating Words Here are some words that are related to the word ‘doctor’. Q1. In how many ways can you classify the following words? A. profession: physician specialization: neurologist qualification: MBBS and/ or MD dress code: white coat medicines: crocin, ointment place of work: clinic, hospital service: treatment tools: syringe related vehicle: ambulance Mapping these meanings through words is called semantic mapping. A set of words related in meaning is said to belong to the same semantic field. E.g.: bus, driver, conductor, ticket, etc. Q2. Write four words that belong to and that you can associate with the following words. i. space (a) (b) (c) (d) (d) ii. business (a) (b) (c) (d) (d) iii. occupation (a) (b) (c) iv. travel (a) (b) (c) UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 62

LESSON$ - DR.DWARAKANATHKOTNIS A. i. space (a) spacecraft (b) space walk (c) spaceship (d) space station ii. business (a) trade (b) sales (c) company (d) customer iii. occupation (a) teacher (b) driver (c) doctor (d) engineer iv. travel (a) bus (b) ship (c) aeroplane (d) train II. Sentences Read the sentences given below: Dr Kotnis lost his heart to a Chinese woman. What does expression ‘to lose one’s heart’ mean? ’Lost his heart’ means fell in love. Here are a few more expressions using the word heart. E.g.: ‘Eat your heart out’ I am going to New York next week. Eat your heart out! When he hears about your promotion he will eat his heart out. Q1. Guess the meaning of the phrase ‘eat your heart out’ from the example sentences given above. A. Subjective response. (’Eat your heart out’ means to suffer from excessive longing for someone or something unattainable) III. Match the Following Match the following: Q1. A B a. Sadness 1. Have a heart b. No feelings c. A very deep thank you 2. Broken heart d. Be merciful e. To lose love 3. Heavy heart f. Take seriously 4. Take to heart 5. A heart of stone 6. Thanks from the bottom of my heart A. 1–d, 2–e, 3–a , 4–f, 5–b, 6–c UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 63

SESSION 4 DR.DWARAKANATH KOTNIS – GRAMMAR 4.1 Grammar I. Conjunctions Coordination is a grammatical process by which two or more words or phrases of the same rank are conjoined. A conjunction that joins parts of a sentence (words, phrases or clauses) that are grammati- cally equal or similar in importance and structure is called a coordinating conjunction. A conjunction that introduces the subordinating clause is called the subordinate conjunc- tion. Coordinate Conjunctions: and, but, or, yet, so, neither . . . nor, either . . . or, not only . . . but also, both, etc. Subordinate Conjunctions: when, before, after, since, while, as, till, until, whenever, as long as, as soon as, no sooner . . . than, then, scarcely, hardly, wherever, because, in order that, so that, if, though, even though, whereas, as if, whether . . . or etc. II. Clauses Compound and Complex Sentences. Observe the following sentences. i. Dr Kotnis was a doctor and Guo, a nurse. ii. I could not stop laughing when he told jokes. What are the main clauses in each sentence? How many subordinate clauses are there in sentences 1 and 2? Dr Kotnis was a doctor and Guo, a nurse. (two main clauses) I could not stop laughing when he told jokes. (one main clause and one subordinate clause) ‘He told jokes’ is the main clause and the subordinate clause is ‘I could not stop laughing’. • A sentence which consists of two or more main clauses combined with coordinate con- junctions is called a compound sentence. • A sentence which consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses combined with subordinate conjunctions is called a complex sentence. Q1. Read the following sentences. Identify the clauses and state whether they are main clauses or subordinate clauses. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 64

LESSON$ - DR.DWARAKANATHKOTNIS i. John suffers from asthma but attends school regularly. ii. We like songs and they like games. iii. Japan attacked China in 1937 and wounded many soldiers. iv. If the rain stops, we will go out. v. She was unhappy or she was upset. vi. The shops were closed because there was a strike. A. i. John suffers from Asthma –main clause; attends school regularly –main clause ii. We like songs –main clause; they like games –main clause iii. Japan attacked China in 1937 –main clause; wounded many soldiers –main clause iv. If the rain stops –subordinate clause; we will go out –main clause v. She was unhappy –main clause; she was upset –main clause vi. The shops were closed –main clause; because there was a strike –subordinate clause UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 65

SESSION 5 DR.DWARAKANATH KOTNIS – WRITING 5.1 Writing Q. Developing Headlines When writing a news report for a newspaper, or your school News Board, the headline is the first and foremost impression you make on your reader. Therefore, writing a headline is a criti- cal and a creative art. Most of the people read only the headlines while reading a newspaper, to get the gist of the news. • Headlines often contain a noun phrase with no verb • Headlines may have noun strings (several nouns put together) • Various changes are made in the headlines • The simple tense form is used instead of the continuous or perfect form • The infinite form refers to the future • The auxiliary verb is dropped in the passive form • Articles are dropped • Full stops are not placed after headlines • Headlines may contain initials and abbreviations E.g.: Prime Minister’s advice E.g.: Man snatches woman’s chain E.g.: Andhra Pradesh State Board Examination Results Declared E.g.: Hyderabad celebrates kite festival E.g.: CM to inaugurate Crafts Bazaar E.g.: Serious injuries in Nellore train accident E.g.: India to host SAARC meet in U.P. Now write a headline for each of the following news reports. Remember to pick out only the main idea or words from the sentence. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 66

LESSON$ - DR.DWARAKANATHKOTNIS i. Hyderabad: With an alarming rise in cases of missing people, especially women and children, since 2009, the Andhra Pradesh Police have stepped up measures to trace them in coordination with various agencies and police forces. ii. The full moon that rises on this Friday night, August 31, 2012, will be a Blue Moon. That’s what it has been dubbed as per the modern folklore of the west. But will it actually be blue? iii. ”If you look at the last three months, I am really practising well. I am looking forward to playing my first game after a year.” says top–seeded tennis champion, Rafael Nadal. iv. Next time your cell phone runs out of battery, you can charge it by just holding it in your hands as scientists claim to have developed a new technology that turns body heat into electricity. A. i. AP Police to Step Up Measures ii. Blue Moon to Rise on August 31 iii. Nadal Raring For A Comeback iv. Scientists Invent Tech to Use Body Heat to Charge Batteries Q. Look at the picture where students are serving in an old age home. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 67

LESSON$ - DR.DWARAKANATHKOTNIS Discussion Points. i. Do old people go to old age homes on their own or are they forced to go there? i. I think there are old people who are forced to go to old age homes and also those who like to go and live there. ii. What are the conditions which make people leave their own homes and go to an old age home? i. The conditions that make people leave their own homes and go to an old age home are (i) incidences of abuse (ii) forceful abandonment (iii) lack of sufficient medical care and attention at home and its easy availability at old age homes (iv) neglect and lack of social support at home versus its easy availability at old age homes (v) the need for a calm and peaceful life that can be found at old age homes, etc. iii. In what way are the conditions at an old age home different from those at home? i. The conditions at an old age home may or may not be different from those at home. At home, they have loved ones, such as daughters, sons, sons–in–law, daughters– in–law, grandchildren, etc. They may or may not have time to spend with their elders. But in old age homes, there is more peace and quiet and better infrastructure and medical support. Over time, they also form emotional bonds with the people there. iv. What are the ways in which we can show our love and affection towards our elders? i. It is necessary for all people to understand that older people have their own wishes, dreams and ambitions. Just like it is considered okay for sons and daughters to leave their parents’ homes to study, work, or live independently, we must understand that it should be considered okay for older people to want to live by themselves or in old age homes. Often, they may want to live with their children and their grandchildren. In such cases too, they should be made to feel welcome. They deserve our love, care, and respect, and often, special medical attention. If they live with their children, it is essential that their children take care of these basic requirements. Above all, it is important that they are not forced or coerced to do something they don’t want to do or live somewhere they don’t want to. Now write an article based on the points discussed above. Use these hints: i. What are old age homes? ii. Why do old people go there? iii. Facilities at old age homes iv. Compare facilities at home and old age homes. A. Subjective response. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 68

SESSION 6 DR.DWARAKANATH KOTNIS – STUDY AND LISTENING 6.1 Study and Listening Listening I. Listen to your teacher. She/ he will read out an announcement made by the Headmaster of a Government High School. Dear students I am happy to inform you that we are going to start an ‘Enrolment Drive Programme’ next week. We will go to the nearby slums in our locality for 3 days and see if there are any children who are not studying in a school. There will be 10 teams each consisting of 6 students. I want all the students and teachers of classes VIII and IX to join this mission. Mr Rajkumar and Mrs Christina will be joining us in our mission. They will help us in all the aspects related to the programme. Those who wish to volunteer to take the lead in teams should meet their class teachers after the lunch hour. Q1. Now answer the following questions. i. What is the announcement about? ii. Who are the special guests joining their mission? iii. What are the students asked to do in the programme? iv. Why does the Headmaster call it a mission? A. i. The announcement is about starting an ‘Enrolment Drive Programme’. ii. Mr Rajkumar and Mrs Christina are the special guests joining their mission. iii. The students of Class VIII and IX are asked to join the mission. They are asked to go to the slums in their locality for 3 days, and to enrol the names of children who are not going to school. iv. A mission is an important job that a group of people do. The Headmaster wants all the students and teachers to understand its importance. Hence, he calls it a mission. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 69

SESSION 7 DR.DWARAKANATH KOTNIS – ORAL ACTIVITY 7.1 Oral Activity Q. If you get an opportunity to propose a ‘Vote of Thanks’ after completing the Enrolment Drive Programme, how would you do it? Prepare a ’ Vote of Thanks’ to thank Mr Rajkumar, Mrs Christina, and all the other participants. Clues: • An introduction to the programme • About the participants and the service they offered during the programme • Their role in making the programme a great success • Thanking each and everyone referring to their role in the programme • Requesting the extension of their service in the future A. Subjective response. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 70

SESSION 8 BE THANKFUL – READING 8.1 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This poem teaches us about being thankful for things which we don’t have. The poet tells us that if we have all the things we want then there would be nothing to look forward to. We need to be thankful when we don’t know something as it makes us learn. We need to be thankful for the difficult times as we grow during those times. We need to be thankful for the limitations we have as they give us opportunities for improvement. We need to be thankful for each new challenge we face as it helps us build our strength and our character. We need to be thankful for our mistakes as they will teach us valuable lessons and we also should be thankful when we are tired as it means that we have made a difference by working hard. Each one of us is thankful only for the good things in life but we never thank our troubles which teach us a lot of things that help us turn the negative into positive. The poet finally tells the readers that if we are thankful for our miseries then one day they will surely become our blessings. Thankfulness can transform our challenges into our strengths. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 71

SESSION 9 BE THANKFUL – LITERATURE 9.1 Literature - QA Q1. The poet depicts different situations/ aspects of life where we need to be thankful. What are they? A. We need to be thankful i. when we don’t know something, ii. for the difficult times, iii. for our limitations, iv. for each new challenge, v. for our mistakes, vi. when we are tired and weary, vii. for the setbacks, and viii. for our troubles Q2. Do you agree with the poet’s ideas? Yes/ No? Give reasons. A. Subjective response. Q3. How do the difficulties help us grow? When will the troubles become blessings? A. Difficulties help us grow if we are thankful for them. When we face difficulties, we try hard to get out of those difficulties and will finally get rid of them. The troubles become blessings if we are thankful for our troubles. Out of troubles, we will find a path which will lead us towards a life without troubles. Thus, we need to be thankful for our troubles to make them blessings. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 72

SESSION 10 THE DEAD RAT – READING 10.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun vagabond stroll a person who has no a slow relaxed walk home and usually no job, and travels from one place to another generosity capital the nature of giving money or property money, time, gifts, kind- ness, etc. prey menace - an animal, bird etc., that something that is likely is hunted and eaten by to cause harm another animal Adjective incessant never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 73

Verb LESSON& - THEDEADRAT abscond soak escape; or to go away keep something covered suddenly and secretly with a liquid for a lot of in order to escape from time duty eke out earn 10.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This is the story of Ratnanka. Madananka, a young merchant, lived in Ujjain with his mother. His mother brought him up with such love and affection that he turned out to be a vagabond. Even though he managed to marry a girl he still remained the same. He left his house and in his absence his wife gave birth to a son whom she named Ratnanka. Ratnanka was brought up with great affection and care and was given a good education. When he was 10, his grandmother asked him to go do a business for his living. So, Ratnanka set off to meet a well–known and helpful merchant called Yakshadatta and requested him to lend him some money for business and also promised to repay the amount. But Yakshadatta didn’t take Ratnanka’s words seriously and showing him a dead rat lying on the street, he told him that he could only lend him the dead rat as capital. He tells Ratnanka that to an intelligent man, that dead rat alone could fetch millions, but to an unintelligent man, even if he lent millions of rupees, it would be of no use. Ratnanka took it as a favour from Yakshadatta and sold the dead rat to a merchant who was taming a cat, as its prey. The merchant, in exchange for the dead rat, gave Ratnanka a handful of Bengal gram which he took and soaked in water. He added some salt and pepper to the swollen Bengal gram. He then went into the city and offered each woodcutter some Bengal gram and cold water. Pleased with Ratnanka’s service, the wood-cutters gave him two pieces of firewood each. Ratnanka then sold those pieces of firewood for two rupees and gave one rupee to his grandmother as a saving and bought a kuncham of Bengal gram with the other rupee. This he soaked in water for the night, added salt and pepper to the swollen Bengal gram and again distributed it to all the woodcutters in the city along with some cold water. This he did every day and collected cart–loads of fuel which fetched him a 100 gold coins. With this, he opened a firewood stall and in no time became a leading merchant in the city. As a token of gratitude towards Yakshadatta for his favour towards him, Ratnanka purchased a gold rat and with huge pomp he went towards Yakshadatta’s residence in a procession. He then told Yakshadatta that he had became a millionaire only by his grace and thanked him wholeheartedly and also asked him to accept the gold rat as a symbol of his gratitude. On hearing this, Yakshadatta was very pleased with Raananka’s intelligence and gratitude and graciously accepted the golden rat. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 74

SESSION 11 THE DEAD RAT – LITERATURE 11.1 Literature - QA Q1. What did the mother do to make Madananka normal and settled in life? A. The mother hoped that Madananka would become normal and settle down if he was married, and so, she found a suitable girl and married him to that girl. Q2. What kind of a man was Yakshadatta? A. Yakshadatta was a well–to–do merchant who lent money to the poor. He was a kind and a generous man. He showed generosity in helping the needy and the poor. Q3. What did Ratananka do with the dead rat? A. Ratananka took the dead rat as a favour from Yakshadatta. He made a cup out of a leaf and placed the dead rat in that cup. He carried it through streets crying “A rat for sale!” One merchant purchased that dead rat as a prey for his cat and gave him a handful of Bengal gram. Q4. How did the firewood which Ratananka had collected fetch him a hundred gold coins? A. Ratananka collected many cart–loads of fuel by offering woodcutters soaked Bengal gram. Fortunately, there were incessant rains for ten days and as a result, there was a scarcity of fire-wood in the city. At that time, he sold away all the firewood. That is how the firewood which Ratananka had collected fetched him a hundred gold coins. Q5. How did Ratananka show his gratitude to Yakshadatta? A. Ratananka got a rat (weighing one kilo) made out of gold. Its eyes were made of rubies, ears of sapphires and it had a diamond chain round its neck. It was kept in a silver tray and was carried in a procession with pomp. Ratananka wanted to repay his debt to Yakshadatta in the shape of the golden rat. So, when the procession reached Yakhsadatta’s house, he requested Yakshadatta to accept the golden rat as a symbol of his gratitude. Q6. How did Ratananka help the woodcutters? A. Ratananka soaked some Bengal gram, added some salt and pepper to it, and offered each woodcutter some Bengal gram and cold water. The woodcutters were very thankful for his service. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 75

SESSION 12 THE DEAD RAT – STUDY AND LISTENING 12.1 Study and Listening Study Skills Q1. Read the biographical write–up on Dr Kotnis again and write the timeline of the events referred to. A few events are shown here. i. 1910 –Kotnis was born ii. 1976 –Chinese Government built a memorial hall for Dr Kotnis A. i. 1910 –Kotnis was born. ii. 1937 –Kotnis went on medical expeditions to Vietnam, Singapore and Brunei iii. 1938 –Kotnis was sent to China as the part of Indian Medical Mission Team. iv. 1940 –Dr Kotnis did operations for 72 hours non–stop. v. 1941 –Kotnis married Guo Qinglan, a Chinese woman. vi. 1942 –Kotnis had a son. vii. 1942 –Kotnis died of epilepsy. viii. 1945 –Khwaja Abbas Ahmed wrote Kotnis’ biography ‘One Who Never Returned’. ix. 1946 –V. Shantaram screened the movie, ‘Dr Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani’. x. 1976 –Chinese Government built a memorial hall for Dr Kotnis. xi. 1982 –China honoured Dr Kotnis with a stamp. xii. 1983 –India honoured Dr Kotnis with a stamp. xiii. 2005 –Kotnis’ grave covered in flowers during Qingming to commemorate his services. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 76

SESSION 14 THEME - GRATITUDE – SELF - ASSESSMENT 14.1 Self-Assessment How well have I understood this unit? Read and tick (√) in the appropriate box. Indicators Yes Somewhat No I read and understood the text. A. Dr Dwarakanath Kotnis B. Be Thankful (Poem) C. The Dead Rat I was able to know the meanings of phrases and write them in my own sentences given under 'Vocabulary'. I was able to identify and understand combining the sentences with coordinate and subordinate conjunctions given under ‘Grammar’. I was able to identify and write the headlines of news given under 'Writing'. I was able to write an article for the activity given under ‘Writing’. I was able to prepare a vote of thanks given under 'Oral Activity'. I listened to and understood ‘An announcement in a school’ and answered the questions given under ‘Listening’. I was able to interview the old age people and write a report given under ’Project Work’. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 77

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS ---------- CCE BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS------------ CHAPTER -1: DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS 
  !\"#  # ## ##   Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. A young man while roaming in the desert came across a spring of delicious crystal-clear water. The water was so sweet that he filled his leather can in order to bring some back to a tribal elder who had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, he presented the water to the old man, who took a deep drink, smiled warmly and thanked his student lavishly for the sweet water. The young man returned to his village with a happy heart. Later, the teacher gave some water from the can to another student to taste it. He spat it out, saying it was awful. It apparently had become stale because of the old leather container. The student challenged his teacher: “Master, the water was foul. Why did you pretend to like it?” The teacher replied, “You just tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply a pack for an act of loving-kindness and nothing could be sweeter.” I. Choose the right answer. ] 1. The spring of water that the young man came across in the desert was ______. [ ] ] A. salty and tasty B. foul and awful C. tasty and tangy D. sweet and delicious 2. What is the passage about? [ A. love B. gifts C. water D. gratitude 3. The water tasted bad to the student because: [ A. It had become stale after four days. B. It was well water. C. There was sand in it. D. He had a sore mouth. II. Answer the following questions. 1. Why did the young man fill his leather can? 2. Why did the young man return to his village happily? 3. Why did the teacher pretend to like the water? UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 78

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passages) Session 2 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. The tragic tale was to continue even after Dr. Kotnis' death. Their son Yin Hua, who was three months old when Dr. Kotnis died, also passed away when he was just 25. Mrs. Kotnis moved to Dalian in the 60's and lived there since. Despite the two premature deaths, Mrs. Kotnis never let weeds cover her cover her India connection. She visited the country atleast half a dozen times and maintained her links with the Kotnis family. a. What was the tragic tale that occurred after Dr. Kotnis' death? b. Where did Mrs. Kotnis stay after her son's death? c. How old was Yin Hua when his father died? d. With whom did Mrs. Kotnis continue maintain relations even after her husband's death? e. Which word in the passage means 'an event that happens before time'? II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. However, Dr. Kotnis became famous in his hometown after his death with the publication of his best- selling biography \"One Who Never Returned\" written by a film journalist, Khwaja Abbas Ahmed in 1945 and the screening of the 1946 classic Bollywood movie \"Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani\", directed by V. Shantaram. a. When did Dr. Kotnis become famous in his hometown? b. Who wrote the life story of Dr. Kotnis? c. What is the title of Dr. Kotnis' biography? d. Which renowned Bollywood film maker is mentioned in the passage? e. Which film on Dr. Kotnis was directed by the film maker?  $\"% ##  3 I. Write four words that belong to and that you can associate with the following words. 1. sports – 2. teacher – 3. army – 4. park – UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 79

DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS II. Match the following idioms to their meanings. A [] B 1. eagle eye a. someone’s favourite person 2. in the blink of an eye [] b. wide-eyed with surprise 3. apple of (someone’s) eye [] c. in one’s imagination 4. close one’s eyes to something [ ] d. a very watchful eye 5. all eyes [] e. very quickly 6. in one’s mind’s eye [] f. to ignore something III. Tick () the words that are similar in meaning to the underlined words. 1. Dr Kotnis played a (1) major role in controlling a virulent strain of plague that hit Chinese soldiers. In the (2) process, he did not fall back from trying out a vaccine on himself. (i) A. strong B. forceful C. important [] (ii) A. method B. style C. service [] 2. In April 2005, both their (1) graves were completely covered in flowers (2) donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival, a day . (i) A. container B. tombs C. covers [] (ii) A. completed B. gifted C. contributed [] 3. The (1) hardships of suppressed military life and the stresses that were especially relevant to the frontline doctors (2) finally began to tell on Dr. Kotnis. (i) A. difficulties B. tensions C. worries [] (ii) A. completely B. ultimately C. timely [] \"\" ##  4 I. Read the following sentences. Identify and underline the clauses and state whether they are main clauses or subordinate clauses. 1. We went for a movie but they went to the water park. 2. If you start early you will reach on time. 3. The cat ran after the rat and killed it. 4. He was not well yet he went to school. 5. Whenever I come across that elderly person, I greet him. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 80

Main Clauses DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS Subordinate Clauses II. Fill in the blanks using the given choices. Write only letters (A), (B), (C) or (D) as your answers. The ______ (1) tale was to continue even after Dr. Kotnis death. Their son Yin Hua _________ (2) was three months old when Dr. Kotnis died, also passed away when he was just 25. Mrs. Kotnis moved to Dalian in the 60s and lived there since. ________ (3) the two premature deaths, Mrs. Kotnis never let ________ (4) cover her India connection. She visited the country ________ (5) half a dozen times and maintained her links with the Kotnis family. 1. A. sadness B. tragedy C. bad D. tragic [] 2. A. He B. which C. that D. who [] 3. A. Despite B. Inspite C. Though D. But for [] 4. A. dust B. weeds C. pride D. Chinese [] 5. A. some B. at least C. minimum D. maximum [] The next morning, he added some salt and pepper to the ______ (1) and swollen Bengal gram, took drinking water in an ______ (2) pitcher, went outside the city and sat under the shade of a tree and offered __________ (3) woodcutter some Bengal gram and cold water. The hungry and thirsty woodcutters were pleased with Ratnanka’s service and ______ (4) him two pieces of firewood each. By evening the pieces piled up into a big _______________ (5), which Ratnanka sold away for two rupees in the city. 1. A. soaked B. soaking C. fried D. roasted [] 2. A. earth B. clay C. glass D. earthen [] 3. A. all B. each C. some D. one [] 4. A. gave B. give C. energetic D. travel [] 5. A. group B. bundle C. heap D. mass [] UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 81

Creative Writing DR. DWARAKANATH KOTNIS ##  I. Write a headline for the following news reports. Remember to pick out only the main idea or words from the sentence. 1. Vijayawada: Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu on Saturday directed the Krishna district administration to remove all encroachments on the canal bunds in the city and facilitate its beautification. The Govt. has an ambitious plan to spend Rs.1500crore for beautification of Vijayawada. 2. Hyderabad: Two youngsters from Uttar Pradesh were caught by the Government Railway Police (GRP) for allegedly carrying two illegal firearms (a double and a single barrelled weapon in their bags at the Secunderabad railway station on Saturday. II. Observe the picture and write in about 120 words the thoughts that come to your mind (Hints: The NCC Cadet Corps – Marching – Salutes to the Chief Guest – an Independence Day celebration in school – trained cadets – dignified posture – banner and podium all in the Indian flag colour) III. Janaki is an orphan. She is staying in an orphanage. Her warden is a very unkind person. One day the warden locked Janaki up in a tiny dark room as punishment for a small mistake she had committed. She stayed alone all day and night. She recalled her memories and wept. Imagine that you have seen Janaki locked up in your neighbourhood. Write a letter to ‘Save Our Soul’ (SOS) organisation with a request to rescue her. IV. You took part in the ‘Swachh Bharat’ programme conducted in your school on 15th July 2015. You won the appreciation of your headmaster. Now make an entry in your diary about the programme. UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 82

CHAPTER -2: BE THANKFUL BE THANKFUL 
  !\"#  #   ##  Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow. Be Grateful -by Edgar Albert Guest Be grateful for the kindly friends that walk along your way: Be grateful for the skies of blue that smile from day to day; Be grateful for the health you own, the work you find to do, For round about you there are men less fortunate than you. Be grateful for the growing trees, the roses soon to bloom, The tenderness of kindly hearts that shared your days of gloom; Be grateful for the morning dew, the grass beneath your feet, The soft caresses of your babes and all their laughter sweet. Acquire the grateful habit, learn to see how blest you are, How much there is to gladden life, how little life to mar! And what if rain shall fall today and you with grief are sad; Be grateful that you can recall the joys that you have had. I. Choose the right answer. 1. Among the things to be grateful about, which of the following have not been mentioned by the poet? [] A. parents B. friends C. health D. grass 2. We should be grateful for even the smallest of things we have because _________ [] A. it is good manners to be thankful B. God wants us to have gratitude C. there are many who are less fortunate than us D. being grateful, we will get more UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 83

Reading and Comprehension (Seen Poem) BE THANKFUL Session 7 I. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follow. 'Be thankful for your mistakes, they will teach you valuable lessons. Be thankful when you're tired and weary, because it means you've made a difference. It's easy to be thankful for the good things, a life of rich fulfillment comes to those who are also thankful for the setbacks. Gratitude can turn a negative into a positive. Find a way to be thankful for your troubles, and they can become your blessings. a. How do our mistakes change our life? b. When do we make a difference? c. What should we be thankful for? d. How can we turn our troubles around? e. Write a pair of opposite words from this stanza? UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 84

THE DEAD RAT CHAPTER -3: THE DEAD RAT 
  !\"#  # ## ##  8 Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. One day in the forest, a woodcutter saw an eagle caught in a net and calling for help. The woodcutter freed the eagle, which thanked him and flew away. A few days later, the woodcutter was sitting on a small mound and having his lunch. Suddenly the same eagle came and swooped at his food. The woodcutter leapt to save his lunch. But he lost his balance and rolled down the mound. Seeing the eagle, the woodcutter immediately recognised it to be the same one had helped. He felt very angry, but the eagle said, “Sir, a poisonous snake was just behind you to bite you when you were having the food. So I saved your life from the poisonous snake as you had saved me from the net. I have thanked you this way.” Then the woodcutter saw the snake where he had been sitting and thanked the eagle. Blessings, no matter how insignificant they seem, are still worth our gratitude. I. Choose the right answer. 1. The strange sound that the woodcutter heard was that of____ [] A. a snake B. an eagle C. a rat D. the wind 2. What is the passage about? [] A. the woodcutter’s kindness B. being cautious of danger C. gratitude D. the eagle’s intelligence 3. The wood cutter saw the eagle: [] A. high in the sky B. caught in a net C. hunting in the trees D. wounded on the ground II. Answer the following questions. 1. How did the woodcutter help the eagle? 2. What made the woodcutter roll down the mound? 3. What would have happened if the eagle hadn’t swooped down at the woodcutter’s food? UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 85

THE DEAD RAT Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passage) Session 9 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. One day, Ratnanka got a rat made of gold, weighing one kilo. Its eyes were made of rubies, ears of sapphires and it had a diamond chain round its neck. It was kept in a silver trap and carried in procession with pomp. Ratnanka was leading the procession. When he reched the residence of Yakshadatta, he asked the procession to halt. Hearing the band and the noise of the procession, Yakshadatta came out of his house and enquired what all that pomp and hub-bub was about. a. What did Ratnanka get one day? b. Why did Ratnanka go to Yakshadatta ? c. How was the rat carried? d. Why did Yakshadatta come out of his house? e. Describe the rat. II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. In the city of Ujjain, there was a young merchant named Madananka. He lost his father when he was in his teens. So, it was his mother who brought him up with great affection and love. Unfortunately, he turned out to be a vagabond. His mother hoped that he would become normal and settle down if he was married and so, she found a suitable girl and they were married. But Madananka became worse. a. Who was Madananka? Where did he live? b. When did Madananka lose his father? c. How was Madananka raised? d. What did Madananka's mother hope for her son? e. Which word in the passage means 'one who wanders without an aim'? UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 86

THE DEAD RAT A. TheDiragtraandIpnatuesrepd troetetlal utsiofaniry tales, about the princes, warriors and theSveillasgseiobonys. 10 I. Study the table given below and answer the questions that follow. a. Which animal according to this data is expected to live the longest? . b. Which creatures have a life expectancy of less than ten years? c. Which animal has a life span closest to that of human beings? d. Which creature has a life span three times that of the Dog? e. Name the creatures in the above table which are able to fly UNIT 5 GRATITUDE 87

ÀĐĎÇĀĀAAÀĀÀĐĈĀĀĎĆBČ ĂĈĀDĄǺĀÃĀĎĄÇBĀC UNIT III ART AND CULTURE Reading Comprehension Passage I The teacher gazed around the class and said, \"A handloom is a hand-operated loom which weaves and has been weaving fabrics for centuries. In the race with the machines, we have forgotten our heritage.\" She fell silent and the children recognized her pensive mood and kept silent. Someone asked hesitantly, \"Teacher, you mentioned the story of Ikat…\" 1. What is a handloom? 2. How long have the weavers been weaving fabrics? 3. What does the phrase „we have forgotten our heritage‟ mean? 4. What does „Ikat‟ mean in Telugu? 5. Why did the teacher become silent while she was speaking? 6. Use the homophones in sentences of your own:- (i) been – (ii) bean – Reading Comprehension Passage II For Rakshabandhan, the tying of the knot is done by yellow and red Ikat dyed threads. In our tradition, tying the knot is sacred. May be this has a relation to the tying and dyeing process. But in parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Deccan, designs in Ikat were influenced a lot by Muslim culture. 1. On which occasion is the knot tied? 2. What is sacred in our tradition? 3. The designs of Ikat are influenced by which culture? 4. How do you think Ikat tradition can be brought back? 5. What was the basic idea of the author in this lesson? Reading Comprehension Passage III The potter has drawn out the living breath of me And given me a form which is the death of me, My past unshapely natural state was best With just one flower flaming through my breast. 1. What does 'me' stand for? 2. How does the poet present this poem? 88

3. What did the potter change the clay into? 4. What does 'unshapely natural state' mean? 5. Is the goblet happy? Why or why not? Reading Comprehension Passage IV All Telugu speakers identify themselves with 'Kuchipudi'. The rest of the world looks at Kuchipudi and Dr Vempati’s stupendous work with reverent eyes. Kuchipudi has established itself on par with the other classical dance forms of India. Dr Vempati remains the source of inspiration to people and he remains at the centrestage of Kuchipudi’s surge as a classical dance form in modern India. 1. What do the Telugu speakers identify themselves with? 2. Whose work has given the rest of the world the recognition due to Kuchipudi? 3. Name some other classical dance forms of India. 4. What were the awards given to Mr.Vempati? 5. What is he rightly called? UNIT IV WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Reading Comprehension Passage I \"How fortunate you are! Touchwood! You've studied well, have a job like a man and are earning very well. You don't have to beg anyone for anything. You are able to lead a dignified life unlike us, who have to depend on our husbands even for a few paise.\" The grass is greener on the other side, I thought to myself. 1. Who says these words to whom? 2. Why does the narrator's sister 'Akkayya' seem depressed? 3. What is it that Akkayya admires about her sister? 4. Why does the narrator say that the ‘grass is greener on the other side’? 5. How does a woman’s life change when she is educated? 6. Make your own sentence with the phrasal verb 'look up'. 7. Give the antonyms of 'fortunate' and 'unlike'. 8. Give the synonym of ‘dignified’. 89

Reading Comprehension Passage II \"Look at the bonsai you have tended to so lovingly. It looks proper and sweet, like a housewife. But see how delicate it is. You have to tend to it very carefully. It can't even withstand a small dust storm or squall. When it is dependent upon someone, how can it provide shelter to anyone? Isn't it because of the difference in the way one brings up a boy and a girl that a woman’s life is like that of a bonsai?\" 1. What is a ‘bonsai’? 2. In what way is a bonsai different from its natural counterpart? 3. What does ‘bonsai’ here symbolise? 4. Do you think boys and girls should be brought up in the same way? If so, how? 5. What is the message the author is trying to give through these lines? 6. Give the synonym of ‘squall’. 7. Give the antonym of 'delicate'. 8. Use the phrasal verb ‘bring up’ in your own sentence. Reading Comprehension Passage III \"Help me support myself. I am not interested in marrying anybody rich or powerful. Depending on another person's power, position or prosperity does not promise peace and security in the long run. One has to depend on the power within oneself to seek the target in one's life.\" 1. Who spoke these words to whom? a) Daughter to mother rat b) Mother to daughter rat c) Mother to father rat 2. Was the daughter interested in marrying? a) Yes, she was b) No, she was not c) No, she was interested in enjoying life 3. What did she want to depend on? a) On her husband's power b) On her family's power c) On the power within herself 90

4. What did she want to do? a) She wanted to support others b) She wanted to support herself c) She wanted to help the sun and the rain 5. What does peace and security depend on? a) Depends on our own achievements b) Depends on husband's achievements c) Depends on mother's achievements UNIT V GRATITUDE ÄĄĀǺBĈÆAČĆĊ ÇĄǼĄĈDBČĈĀĀĊDDĀÆĄ Á \"While Kotnis is venerated in China, with textbooks recounting his story to children and a Beijing hospital even creating a medical team in his memory, very little is known of him in the land of his birth. Few in Mumbai or the rest of the country know about the doctor who served in China during the 1938 Sino-Japanese war and died there in 1942,\" says his sister. However, he became famous in his hometown after his death. 1. Who is venerated in China, with textbooks recounting his story to children? 2. Where did he serve in China? 3. When and how did he die? 4. What does the phrase 'few in Mumbai know about him’ mean? 5. Name the book written on him. Who was its author? 6. How did he become well known in India? 7. Identify some conjunctions from the passage. 8. What does the phrase 'in his memory' mean? 91

ÄĄĀǺBĈÆAČĆĊ ÇĄǼĄĈDBČĈĀĀĊDDĀÆĄE ÁÁ \"Be thankful when you’re tired and weary, because it means you’ve made a difference. It’s easy to be thankful for the good things, a life of rich fulfillment comes to those who are also thankful for the setbacks.\" 1. What is the central idea of the poem? 2. For what should we be thankful? 3. What does the phrase ‘You’ve made a difference’ mean? 4. How do setbacks help us? 5. What does 'a life of rich fulfillment mean? ÄĄĀǺBĈÆAČĆĊ ÇĄǼĄĈDBČĈĀĀĊDDĀÆĄE ÁÁÁ “The dead rat is the capital which I can lend you. You take it away and do some trade with it. To an intelligent man it will fetch millions and even if I give millions to an unintelligent man, it will be of no use.” 1. Who said these words to whom? 2. Do you think Ratnanka was intelligent? 3. Do you think Yakshadatta really help him? 4. What is the learning that we get from this lesson? 5. Throw some light on Ratnanka’s personality. II. Unseen Comprehension Passages Template for unseen passages These passages or stanzas (from poems) have been picked up from various sources on a variety of topics. They would be immensely beneficial to the students in enhancing their thinking skills and substantiating their understanding. The key concept of CCE, the '5 W and 1 H' has been emphatically incorporated into this section as well. Students must be encouraged to do them on their own. The different type of questions like multiple choice, True or False, fill in the blanks and content based questions would help the children from the examination point of view. 92

UNIT III Reading Comprehension Passage I Some people like doing adventurous things. Some of them love diving deep into the oceans. Some others are fond of climbing high to the tops of mountains. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. It is 8848 meters high. It is named after Colonel Everest. In 1924, a team lead by Mallory started climbing the peak. Mallory's team almost reached the top when Mallory and a friend disappeared in a cloud of snow. Finally man conquered Everest in 1953. Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay set foot on the top of the peak on 29th May 1953 at 11.30 a.m. They stood at the highest point on the surface of the earth. 1. Name some dangerous things that people like to do. 2. After which person is Mount Everest named? 3. What is the height of Mount Everest? 4. What happened to Mallory's team? 5. Who were the first people who reached the peak of Everest? Reading Comprehension Passage II After rains caused havoc in Chennai, leaving the city flooded, people struggled to stay afloat with essentials running out. There was a scramble for food. Thousands were rescued to safety. But many others waited desperately for help without power and water supply. Chennai is fighting back against this natural disaster. One has to admire the spirit of almost all Chennaites in coming to grip with the disaster before them. The mushroom-like growth of real estate alone, with politically-backed unplanned development, that most often ignores rules and regulations is a factor that has contributed to the present disastrous situation in Chennai. State whether the following statements are True or False: [] [] i) Heavy rains flooded the city of Shengai. [] ii) A natural disaster struck Chennai. [] iii) The unplanned development of the city has resulted in this situation. [] iv) The politicians are responsible for the floods. v) The Chennaites had a low spirit in fighting back. 93

UNIT IV Reading Comprehension Passage I The nutritional intake of urban children today has undergone a drastic change. Portions have increased and quality has decreased. Calorie-rich fast foods have replaced the simple diet of yesteryears. The combination of a faulty diet - too many chocolates, colas, pizzas and ice-creams, and reduced physical activity have contributed to the problem. Today children spend more than 12 to 14 hours per week in front of the TV or computer. Added to that the hours sitting at a school desk, or attending tuitions, and there is not much time left for running, jumping and playing. All these have resulted in problems like obesity in children. High blood sugar and back aches are some of the other problems. 1. Give two examples of fast foods. 2. Name two activities which prevent children from exercising. 3. Why were children healthier in the past? 4. Name some health problems faced due to reduced physical activity. 5. Do you think the nutritional intake of rural children also has undergone a change? Why? Reading Comprehension Passage II Man's curiosity of lightning in the dark clouds of the sky led him to discover electricity. Benzamin Franklin was responsible to get electricity from the clouds a couple of centuries back. The turning point in the production of electricity came in the 18th century with the invention of a cell and later the dynamo. Today electricity is a part of modem living. One shudders to think of life without electricity. At present electrical power serves mankind from illumination to communication and transportation to entertainment. Factories, farms, houses and offices - all depend on electricity. It is providing an easy, comfortable and luxurious life. But the hold of electric power on mankind is increasing day by day. State whether the following statements are True or False: [] [] ii) We can live comfortably without electricity. [] iii) Electricity serves mankind only for communication and illumination. [] iv) The hold of electric power on mankind is increasing day by day. v) Electricity is making our life very luxurious. 94

UNIT V Reading Comprehension Passage I Bugs look scary close up. Most bugs are a danger only to other insects. Some examples of bugs are dragonflies, beetle-hunting wasps, praying mantis, wood ants, mosquitoes etc. The praying mantis sits perfectly still. If a fly lands on a branch near it, then the mantis fixes its eyes on the fly. In a second its front legs trap the fly and pull it into its mouth. The beetle-hunting wasp stings beetle, then drags it to its nest and lays eggs on the beetle. When the eggs hatch, the young wasps feed on the beetle. The wood ants have sharp jaws and they squirt acid which can kill other bugs. The ants then tear the bug to pieces and carry it to their nest. 1. Name some bugs. 2. How does the praying mantis catch its prey? 3. Where does the beetle-hunting wasp lay its eggs? 4. What do the wood ants squirt? 5. How do most bugs look close-up? Reading Comprehension Passage II The Baisakhi Fair organised in a village near Amritsar was a great event. People were on the streets colourfully dressed, small children running around and dancing jubilantly, celebrating the festive spirit of Baisakhi. The whole village was decorated. There were a number of stalls put up in the nearby ground which were decorated brightly. Some stalls were selling traditional handicrafts and artistic pottery. These artistic pieces of rare craftsmanship were being sold like hot cakes. The eatable stalls were most popular with kids. The chatpata chats, pani puris, papads, tandooris, etc. were being eaten with great enthusiasm. The women could be seen near the bangles stalls and the glittering chunari stalls. Men could be seen haggling over the prices of commodities. 1. What were the children celebrating? a) the village fair b) the festive spirit of holi c) the festive spirit of Baisakhi d) the village exhibition 95

2. What were being sold as hot cakes? a) the traditional items b) the artistic handicrafts c) the traditional bangles d) the traditional food items 3. What does the word ’jubiliant’ mean? a) miserable b) beautiful c) very happy d) splendour 4. What does the word ’haggling’ mean? a) bargaining b) fighting c) discount d) quarrelling 5. Find the antonyms of: a) enthusiastic × b) popular × 96

III. Word-Webs UNIT - III ART AND CULTURE Roots CULTURE Customs Art Forms Traditions Represents a country Heritage Clay Shaping POTTER Making pots Baking Earthen Potter’s wheel DANCE goblets Kuchipudi Art forms Bharatnatyam Cultural Heritage Grace Performance 97

UNIT – IV WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Grown in a BONSAI Miniature Tree pot Very delicate Pruning Not natural Artistic Children WOMAN Female Take care TREES Empowerment Multifaceted Symbol of love Environment Give Shelter Birds Food Wood Shade 98

UNIT - V GRATITUDE X-Ray Patient Medicines Hospital Blood DOCTOR Stethoscope Test Service to Injection mankind Destruction WAR Soldiers Bloodshed Army Weapons Killing 99