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Industries of India Industries of India I Will Learn 10.1 Need and Classification of Industries Ⅴ What are industries? How did they grow? Why do we need them? f Classification of industries Ⅶ Prominent industries in India H Advantages and disadvantages of industries Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 95 14-02-2017 12:28:17

Concept 10.1: Need and Classification of Industries I Think Rashi is excited about asking a riddle to Morad. Rashi: Morad, I have a riddle for you. What do Chanda Kochhar, Arundhati Bhattacharya and Shikha Sharma have in common? Morad: I don’t know, Rashi. Rashi: They are all leaders of India’s banking industry. I too want to work in the banking industry when I grow up. Meher: I would like to work in a factory that makes cars. I love cars. Rashi: Meher, then you will not be working in an industry. Arundhati Bhatacharya Chanda kochhar Shikha Sharma Q. Do you think car-manufacturing is also an industry? (A) yes (B) no 96 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 96 14-02-2017 12:28:34

I Remember You have learnt earlier that people have different occupations. Some people do something, while others create something. However, most people work in an industry. Example: a person might work in an iron and steel industry. WHAT IS AN INDUSTRY? Industry refers to a group of factories, companies or businesses that produce the same kind of goods or services. For example, several steel-producing companies form the steel industry. TYPES OF INDUSTRIES Industries can be manufacturing or service providing in nature. Examples of manufacturing industry: • iron and steel industry • car-manufacturing industry Manufacturing industries convert raw material into • electronic goods industry finished goods. Examples of service industry: Service industries provide • hotels • laundry services to their customers. They may provide goods, • banks • car-repair but they are not involved • tourism in manufacturing. THE BIRTH OF INDUSTRIES At the start of the 17 century, people had a good knowledge of science. They th used this knowledge to invent new machines and tools. When people started using these tools and machines to make goods, they realised that they could manufacture goods much faster. Also, the goods could be produced in large quantities. Hence, these goods were cheaper than the goods produced by hand. Slowly, people stopped producing goods by hand and instead started using machines. Industries of India 97 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 97 14-02-2017 12:28:36

Since the machines were big, they needed to be stored in special places called factories. Factories gave rise to industries. Making cloth by hand Making cloth in a factory using machines Need for industries Industries provide jobs to Countries can trade with Industries pay taxes to people. each other by exchanging the government. The goods produced by government can use industries. this money to care for its people. I Understand You read that there are manufacturing and service industries. These industries are of different sizes. For example, iron and steel is a big industry, whereas car- repair is a small industry. DIVISION OF INDUSTRIES Based on size, industries are divided into large-scale, small-scale and cottage industries. Industry Examples Large-scale industry • iron and steel industry • ship-building industry • aircraft industry • cement industry • banks 98 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 98 14-02-2017 12:28:39

Small-scale industry • furniture manufacturers • utensils manufacturers • plastic goods manufacturers • electrical goods manufacturers • food processing units • car-repair Cottage industries • toy making units • weaving factories • pottery-making units • handicraft makers FEATURES OF INDUSTRIES Features of large-scale industries Operate from very Huge sums of money Make use of large Employ thousands of large factories are required to run and complex people the factories machines and tools A large scale industry Industries of India 99 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 99 14-02-2017 12:28:45

Features of small-scale industries Operate from Require small amounts Make use of small Employ hundreds of medium-sized of money to operate and less powerful people factories machines Features of cottage industries Operate from Require very little Make use of simple Employ very few bungalows and money to operate tools people homes Train My Brain 1) Give an example of a service industry. 2) Give an example of a cottage industry. I Apply PROMINENT INDIAN INDUSTRIES India has a very large population. This large population has led to high demand for goods and services. To satisfy the growing needs of such large population, many large-scale, small-scale and cottage industries have been established in India. 100 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 100 14-02-2017 12:28:49

Based on the goods they produce, these industries can be classified into: • iron and steel • heavy engineering industries • textile • automobile • ship-building PUNJAB HARYANA PUNJAB UTTAR PRADESH PUNJAB JHARKHAND CHHATTISGARH WEST BENGAL ODISHA MAHARASHTRA ANDHRA PRADESH GOA LEGEND KARNATAKA TAMIL Iron and steel NADU Heavy engineering Textile KERALA Automobile Ship-building Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 101 14-02-2017 12:28:55

I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Industries have many advantages and disadvantages. Let us learn about them. Advantages Disadvantages • provide jobs to many people • pollute water and air • produce large number of goods • lead to crowding in cities as many • make available a variety of goods industries are located in cities. So people leave their villages and migrate to cities Be Amazed The Gigafactory, located in the USA, is the world’s largest factory. This factory produces batteries for cars. It is so big that almost 100 football fields will fit inside the factory. Connect the Dots Science Fun The period when the use of machines to produce goods became prominent is called the ‘Industrial Age.’ Many machines invented during this period include aeroplane, telephone, sewing machine and so on. We still continue to use these inventions. 102 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 102 14-02-2017 12:29:01

English Fun Look at the pictures given below. These are tools that are used in small-scale and cottage industries. Write the names of these tools. _______________ _________________ _______________ A Note to Parent Try taking your child to a nearby factory for a brief excursion. Point out the fascinating processes by which so many things that we use in our daily lives are carried out in factories and industries. New words 1) electronic goods – things that run on electricity, for example TV, radio, washing machine and so on 2) tourism – an industry that provides services related to travel such as means of transport, places to stay and food and drink 3) employ – to give jobs to people 4) heavy engineering – industry that manufactures goods like tractors, pumps, telephones, cranes and other machines 5) textile – material used for making cloth 6) automobile – a vehicle with four wheels Industries of India 103 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 103 14-02-2017 12:29:05

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