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Connect the Dots Maths Fun Queen Victoria of England became a queen in 1837. She died in 1901. Calculate the number of years she ruled. Science Fun This is how the rifle used by the Hindu and Muslim soldiers of the Company used to be loaded. A greased The soldier tears He pours the Then he takes cartridge open the end powder down the ramrod from its slot beneath of the cartridge the muzzle of the the rifle barrel with his teeth to rifle. Then he puts and pushes the load it. in the bullet still paper, bullet and wrapped in the powder to the cartridge paper bottom of the barrel. The Revolt of 1857 45 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 45 14-02-2017 12:24:08

A Note to Parent Rani Laxmibai was an Indian queen and warrior. She was one of the most important leaders of the revolt of 1857. Ask your child to find out about other female warriors and leaders who fought against the British. New words 1) foreign – from another country 2) mutiny – fight against one’s commanding officers 3) sepoy – a soldier; the word comes from ‘sipahi’, the Hindi word for ‘soldier’ 4) executed – killed 5) ammunition – guns and bombs 6) cartridge – a small case that contains a bullet 7) muzzle – the open, circular end of a rifle through which a bullet comes out 46 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 46 14-02-2017 12:24:08

The Freedom Struggle The Freedom Struggle I Will Learn 5.1 The Indian National Congress and the Freedom Movement Ⅴ Life of Indians under the British rule; the Indian National Congress – founders and aims f Leaders of the Indian National Congress; Gandhi and the Congress Ⅶ Movements started by the Indian National Congress and Gandhi H Make a timeline of key events of Indian freedom struggle Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 47 14-02-2017 12:24:09

Concept 5.1: The Indian National Congress and the Freedom Movement I Think Shekhar is Priya Bua’s son. He knows fascinating stories about the freedom struggle. Meher and Rashi want to know all about how the British left India. Shekhar tells them about Gandhi’s famous Salt March. Shekhar: Do you know that the British did not allow the Indians to make their own salt? They asked them to pay heavy taxes for salt too! Meher: Oh! Then? Shekhar: The Indians were unhappy with the British for many reasons, but the tax on salt was a big one. Finally, Gandhi decided to march from Sabarmati to Dandi to make salt from the sea- water at the coast in Dandi. Tens of thousands joined him on the way. Meher: Wow! What happened after that? Shekhar: Many, many Indians were inspired and joined Gandhi in the freedom struggle. Q. What did the politicians want during the freedom struggle? (A) They wanted to use force to end the foreign rule. (B) They wanted to stay under the foreign rule. (C) They wanted to use legal ways to end foreign rule. (D) They wanted to be strong to rule all Indians. 48 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 48 14-02-2017 12:24:11

I Remember After the Revolt of 1857, India was directly ruled by the Queen of England. She sent Viceroys or Governor-Generals who set up the British government in India. However, the Indian people were not happy with the British rule. They made laws that favoured the British and did not treat Indians fairly. A war broke out in the world in 1914. It came to be known as World War I. The British sent Indian soldiers to fight in the war. Indians felt that after this contribution, they would be treated better. However, after the war, Indians were made to pay heavy taxes. These and other factors made the Indians very unhappy with the British rule. THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS The Indian National Congress (INC) A political party is a group was a political party formed in 1885 by of people who have come Dadabhai Naoroji and Alan O. Hume, together to achieve some an Englishman. The INC was a platform goals by becoming a part for communication between the British of the government. and educated Indians. While at the beginning the members of the INC wanted to get better and more number of jobs for Indians in the government, they soon realised that British rule was not good for the country. The party soon became an organised political movement Dadabhai Naoroji against the British. The Freedom Struggle 49 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 49 14-02-2017 12:24:12

AIMS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS The INC aimed to: demand more present complaints and freedom of speech unite the people of India demands to the British and expression by government publishing their views freely in newspapers and magazines create leaders to lead all fight for the freedom of the people of India the country I Understand LEADERS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS There were many leaders of the INC. Some of them were: Dadabhai Naoroji: He showed how the British rulers were taking all of India’s riches to England. Bal Gangadhar Tilak: He wanted swaraj – or self-rule – for India. Annie Beasant: She was a British woman who wanted India to be ruled by Indians. Gopal Krishna Gokhale: He wanted to make sure that Indians received proper education. He was a mentor to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Bal Gangadhar Tilak Annie Beasant Gopal Krishna Gokhale 50 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 50 14-02-2017 12:24:16

M. K. GANDHI AND THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS M. K. Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was one of the most important leaders of the INC. He was born on 2 October, 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat. After nd studying law, Mahatma Gandhi went to South Africa and started working as a lawyer. There were many Indians living there. He helped them fight for their rights under a foreign rule. It was in South Africa that he developed the ideas of satyagraha and non-violence. ‘Satyagraha’ means ’to insist on the truth’. Non-violence is ‘not hurting anyone’. In 1915, when World War I was still ongoing, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India. He then travelled to different parts of India. When Mahatma Gandhi saw that the British were treating Indians badly, he decided to join the INC and fight the British. Mahatma Gandhi started several important movements. All these movements aimed at one thing – use of peaceful methods to free India from the British rule. Train My Brain 1) When was the INC founded? 2) Name one important leader of the INC. I Apply THE BRITISH AND THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS During their rule, the British made many laws and actions that harmed Indians. To fight against the British, the INC launched several movements. Let us learn more about these movements. The Freedom Struggle 51 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 51 14-02-2017 12:24:17

‘Swadeshi’ and ‘Boycott’ Division of Bengal – 1905 The INC revolted against the British and The British divided Bengal into two urged people to buy only Indian goods parts on the basis of religion. Indians instead of British goods. This was called did not like this ‘divide and rule’ the ‘swadeshi’ movement. The INC also policy of the British. asked Indians to ‘boycott’ – ban or stop using British goods. The Rowlatt Act – 1919 Satyagraha This law allowed the British to This movement was launched by arrest anyone who they thought Mahatma Gandhi. He asked people to was against the British. This hugely gather and demonstrate peacefully angered the Indians. Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920-22 The Jallianwala Bagh massacre – The massacre angered the INC and 1919 Gandhi. He launched this movement People met for a peaceful meeting which asked Indians not to work for the in Amritsar. A British army General British and boycott schools and courts set called Dyer shot and killed many of by the British as well as foreign cloth. He them. also asked them to remain non-violent. Salt Law Salt March – 1930 The British had passed a law that Mahatma Gandhi and his followers prevented Indians from making salt. walked from Sabarmati to Dandi, a Instead, they had to purchase salt coastal place, in Gujarat. They broke from the British at a high price. The the salt law by making their own salt. poor Indians could not afford this Afterwards, many people started making salt. salt. India’s participation in World War II – Quit India Movement 1939-1945 Mahatma Gandhi and the INC asked The British wanted India to participate Indians to use non-violence and not in the war. When the INC demanded cooperate with the government till freedom in exchange for India’s independence was granted. participation, the British said no. 52 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 52 14-02-2017 12:24:18

I Explore (H.O.T.S.) \"An eye for an eye will make the whole world blind.\" - M. K. Gandhi Get into groups of four and discuss the meaning of these words by Gandhi. Your teacher will moderate the discussion. Create a poster with your group members, depicting the values Gandhi believed in and taught. Be Amazed Gandhi completed the Dandi March over a distance of 390 km in 24 days. The Dandi March was longer than the distance between Bengaluru and Chennai! Connect the Dots English Fun Many Indian writers and poets wrote in English. They wanted readers from around the world to understand the pain that the Indians felt because of the foreign rule. For example, Gandhi started a weekly paper called Young India to spread his ideals of non-violence. The Freedom Struggle 53 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 53 14-02-2017 12:24:20

Science Fun The Swadeshi Movement asked people to buy khadi cloth. Khadi is a completely natural fibre. Make a list of three other natural fibres that people use to make cloth. 1) _________________, 2) _________________ and 3) ________________ A Note to Parent Encourage your child to find out about the contribution of women freedom fighters such as Kamala Nehru, Kasturba Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu, Capt. Lakshmi Sehgal and others. New words 1) swaraj – self-rule 2) mentor – a person who advises or trains someone 3) lawyer – someone who is an expert at understanding the laws and helps people who think they have been wronged 4) demonstrate – to gather in large number to complaint about a problem 5) massacre – the killing of many people 54 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 54 14-02-2017 12:24:21

Winning Freedom Winning Freedom I Will Learn 6.1 Revolutionary Efforts Towards Indian Freedom Ⅴ Extremist and moderate leaders; the revolutionaries f Differences between the extremists and moderates Ⅶ Subhas Chandra Bose and the INA; India wins freedom H Identify words related to the moderates, extremists and revolutionaries from a word splash Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 55 14-02-2017 12:24:26

Concept 6.1: Revolutionary Efforts Towards Indian Freedom I Think Rashi, Morad and Meher are watching the news. Some people are holding signs and shouting. They are also on a hunger strike. Rashi: Morad bhai, what’s going on? Morad: People are on a hunger strike. They are asking the government for a better salary. Meher: What is a ‘hunger strike’? Morad: It is an old method where you do not eat till you get what you want. Even Mahatma Gandhi adopted this method to force the British out of our country! Q. Who used hunger strike to force the British out of India? (A) King Akbar (B) Rani Laxmibai (C) Mangal Pandey (D) Mahatma Gandhi I Remember As you have read, the Indian National Congress (INC) was the first political party in India. Many Indians joined this party to become freedom fighters. Within a couple of years, the INC became a big party and had many leaders. 56 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 56 14-02-2017 12:24:30

THE MODERATES AND THE EXTREMISTS The leaders who wanted independence of The moderates wanted India, had different beliefs and opinions about to be a part of the how to fight the harsh and unjust British. Some government and have the wanted the British to continue ruling but introduce government make changes governmental reforms in India. Others wanted the in favour of the Indians. British to leave India. Those leaders who were aggressive in getting their These two groups within the INC came to be known as the moderates and the extremists. demands met were called the extremists. You have already read about Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale. They were moderates. Now let us read about some extremists. Bal Gangadhar Tilak - believed in swarajya (self-rule) - published Marathi newspapers – Kesari and Maratha – to inspire and raise awareness among the public - tried to convince Gandhiji to give up non-violence Lala Lajpat Rai - protested against the Simon Commission which was established by the British to make changes in the government of India but did not have a single Indian member Bipin Chandra Pal - believed in the swadeshi and boycott movements - believed in national education. Pal encouraged students to learn in schools and colleges run only by Indians Winning Freedom 57 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 57 14-02-2017 12:24:34

THE RISE OF THE REVOLUTIONARIES After the death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai, there came a new generation of freedom fighters. They were called revolutionaries. These revolutionaries did not join the INC. Instead, they used violence and fought either in groups or alone. The revolutionaries were known for their use of weapons such as guns and bombs, something that neither the moderates nor the extremists used. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev - killed the Deputy Superintendent of Police, J. P. Saunders in 1928 - were convicted and hanged for their anti-British activities in 1931. They inspired many extremist freedom fighters. - Bhagat Singh also bombed the Central Legislative Assembly. This was where laws for India were made by elected representatives. Chandrashekhar Azad - planned and led the attacks against the British government - planned the attack on the Kakori Express Surya Sen - planned and led the attack on the Chittagong armoury. This was where the British rulers stored weapons for their army. 58 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 58 14-02-2017 12:24:41

I Understand DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MODERATE AND EXTREMIST LEADERS We read that the INC consisted of two groups – the moderates and the extremists. Let us read about the differences between the two groups. The Moderates The Extremists • believed in cooperating with the British. They used political • believed in aggressive methods like parties and their high ranks in protests, agitations, boycotts and mass the British government to fulfil movements their demands. • used written protests and • used newspaper articles, speeches requests to get their demands and books to convince people to fight met by the British for their freedom from the British • Examples: Dadabhai Naoroji, • Examples: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Pherozeshah Mehta Ghosh THE BRITISH AND THE INDIAN FREEDOM FIGHTERS The British hated all the Indian freedom fighters, including the moderates, the extremists and the revolutionaries. The British mostly ignored the demands of the early moderates. Leaders like Surendranath Banerjee and Gopal Krishan Gokhale failed to lead the masses. They could not force the British government to take any steps for the welfare of Indians. Several extremist leaders were jailed for their activities which promoted the cause of Indian freedom. The revolutionaries who used violent means were mostly killed by the British. Winning Freedom 59 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 59 14-02-2017 12:24:41

Train My Brain 1) Name a moderate leader. 2) What does ‘revolutionary’ mean? I Apply SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE AND THE INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY (INA) Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly called Netaji, was an extremist leader of the INC who launched an army to get independence from British rule. He was tired of the way in which Indians were treated. He too wanted to get rid of the British. He was convinced that the British would never leave India peacefully. He took Japan’s support to organise an army of 40,000 soldiers. He called it the Azad Hind Fauj or the Indian National Army. Netaji’s Indian National Army also had its women’s wing under the command of Captain Lakshmi Sahgal. The Indian National Army fought against the British during World War II on the side of Japan. Initially, they pushed back the British. But finally, the British defeated the Indian Captain Lakshmi Sahgal and National Army. Subhas Chandra Bose INDIA WINS FREEDOM On 15 August 1947, at 12:02 a.m. just after midnight, India became a free country. th Thus, Indians had finally managed to free their country from the British. However, on 3 June 1947, a couple of months before giving freedom, the last British rd Governor-General Louis Mountbatten announced the partition of British India into India and Pakistan. So, although India became free, it was partitioned into two countries. 60 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 60 14-02-2017 12:24:42

I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Look at the word splash. Which words do you connect with the moderates, the extremists and the revolutionaries? First think on our own, and then discuss with a partner and share what you have discussed with the rest of your class. Be Amazed The INA's battle cry, Jai Hind was declared the ‘national greeting’ of India by Nehru and remains a popular nationalist greeting. Today, it is used by all Indian prime ministers to conclude their Independence Day speeches. Winning Freedom 61 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 61 14-02-2017 12:24:44

Connect the Dots English Fun Although India gained independence in 1947, there were many Englishmen and women who remained in India. Their children grew up with a mix of Indian and English values and ideas. They are called Anglo-Indians. ‘Anglo’ means ‘English’. Maths fun 15 August is also celebrated as the Independence Day in the th Democratic Republic of South Korea (1945), Congo (1960) and Bahrain (1971). How many years have these countries been independent for? South Korea Congo Bahrain A Note to Parent Ask your child to narrate the freedom struggle of India and the names of the people who played an important role in it. 62 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 62 14-02-2017 12:24:51

New words 1) reforms – to improve something by introducing changes 2) revolutionary – a person who uses violence to bring about change in society 3) convict – declare (by a judge in court) that someone has committed a crime 4) armoury – a place where weapons are kept 5) cooperate – work together Winning Freedom 63 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 63 14-02-2017 12:24:51

Leading up to India's Independence: Rowlatt Act Non Cooperation Revolutionaries • passed by the British. Movement • 1928: Bhagat Singh They could arrest • M. K. Gandhi and Chandrasekhar and jail anyone they launched this non- Azad killed a British thought was a threat. violent movement. police officer. • called the Black Act • Indians refused • 1929: Bhagat Singh by Indians to pay taxes and his associate • M. K. Gandhi to the British. bombed the British launched the Rowlatt They boycotted government office. Satyagraha. British goods and • Chandrasekar Azad Jallianwala Bagh everyone practised ended his own life massacre Swadeshi. before the British • The army General • M. K. Gandhi could catch him. Dyer banned all stopped the • Bhagat Singh was public meetings in whole movement hanged for his Punjab. suddenly when a activities. He was 23 • On 13th April, in few protestors killed years old. Amritsar, a peaceful 22 policemen. public meeting was organised at Jallianwala Bagh. • General Dyer ordered soldiers to shoot the unarmed people. 379 people were killed, and 1137 were wounded. 1928 – 1929 1920 1919 – 1922 64 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 64 14-02-2017 12:25:05

A timeline of important events Civil Disobedience Movement • started by M. K. Gandhi to protest against many 1947 unfair British laws • Gandhi walked from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi. At Dandi, he broke the law against making one’s own salt. 1942 India wins freedom • The Indian Independence 1939 Act makes India 1930 – 1934 independent. India and Pakistan are created. • India wins freedom at midnight. Start of World War II Quit India Movement • The British asked for India’s help in • started by M. K. Gandhi to protest the war. the sending of Indian soldiers to • Gandhi and other INC leaders fight in World War II demanded freedom in return. • demanded that the British grant • The British refused. India independence immediately Winning Freedom 65 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 65 14-02-2017 12:25:16

The Partitions The Partitions of India of India I Will Learn 7.1 The Partitions of 1905 and 1947 Ⅴ Events that happened during the partitions of 1905 and 1947 f Causes of the two partitions Ⅶ Consequences of the partitions H Discuss the effects of the 1947 partition on people Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 66 14-02-2017 12:25:19

Concept 7.1: The Partitions of 1905 and 1947 I Think Rashi is telling Morad and Meher about one of her friends. Rashi: Morad bhai, my friend’s grandfather used to live in Pakistan. He says that India and Pakistan were one country. Morad: Yes! India and Pakistan were one country. Meher: I can’t believe it! Rashi: When was India divided? Q. When do you think was India divided into India and Pakistan? (A) 1857 (B) 1947 (C) 1957 (D) 2011 I Remember The partition of British India is one of the saddest events that has happened in Indian history. The partition divided the country, separated families and turned friends into enemies. India was partitioned twice – in 1905 and in 1947. 1905 – THE PARTITION OF BENGAL PRESIDENCY Partition means This partition split the Bengal Presidency into East and 'dividing something West Bengal. The partition took place on 16 October into parts'. Here it th 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas means dividing land from the largely Hindu western areas. according to borders. The Partitions of India 67 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 67 14-02-2017 12:25:25

Around the beginning of the twentieth century, the Indian public was quite discontent with the British administration. The government had failed to organise effective relief during the period of plague and famine. In order to distract the people from the discontentment, the British introduced their ‘divide and rule’ policy. The policy tried to break the unity of the Hindus and Muslims and to create conflicts between them. This policy encouraged Hinuds and Muslims to form separate political parties, based on their religious identity. The final effort in this direction was the partition of the Bengal Presidency in 1905. West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar provinces (mostly Hindu areas) were on one side and East Bengal and Assam provinces (mostly Muslim areas) were on the other. This also led to the formation of the All India Muslim League and the All India Hindu Mahasabha. Both Hindus and Muslims protested the partition, because of which the two parts of Bengal were reunited in 1911. Main events that took place before, during and after the partition of Bengal Lord Curzon announces the partition of Bengal into East and West Bengal. 1905 Indian leaders and the common people protest against the partition. 1905 -1911 The British reunite the two parts. Bengal becomes a Lord Curzon united province once again. 1911 1947 – THE PARTITION OF INDIA The second time India experienced partition was in 1947. During this partition, the northwestern part of the country and the eastern half of Bengal Presidency were separated from the rest of the country. This led to the formation of two countries – India and Pakistan. The divide and rule policy of the British, followed by the creation of political parties based on religious lines, had led to a demand for a separate nation for Muslims. On 68 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 68 14-02-2017 12:25:27

3 June, Governor-General Mountbatten declared that British India will get freedom. rd However, it would be divided in two countries. Main events that took place before, during and after the partition of India A new party called The All-India Muslim League is formed. This party promises 1934 to work for the benefit of the Muslims. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of 1940 the All-India Muslim League, demands All-India the creation of a separate country. Muslim League The partition of India and Pakistan is agreed upon. 1946 British India is split into India and 1947 Pakistan. Muhammad Ali Jinnah I Understand The partitions of 1905 and 1947 happened due to different reasons. Let us learn about them. REASONS FOR THE PARTITION OF THE BENGAL PRESIDENCY • Revolt of 1857: The revolt of 1857 shocked the British. They felt that they might lose control over India. They realised that all the soldiers revolted together because they were united. The British wanted to break this unity by separating people on the basis of religion. • Large size of the Bengal Presidency: The British claimed that the Bengal Presidency was too big in size and population to be looked after by one Governor-General. Curzon, who was the The Partitions of India 69 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 69 14-02-2017 12:25:29

Governor-General then, argued that by splitting the region, the people would benefit from new schools and employment opportunities. REASONS FOR THE PARTITION OF BRITISH INDIA Religious interests: The British tried to remove all traditional Sanskrit and Arabic schools. This angered the Hindus and the Muslims. Educated leaders of the All-India Muslim League, like Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, felt that if Muslims live in a separate area, they can control education and other matters. Muhammad Iqbal Fear of continued violence and domination: The divide and rule policy of the British had given rise to a lot of violence between Hindus and Muslims. It was believed that the partition of the country into a Hindu majority country and a Muslim majority country would put an end to the violence. Gandhi and others were against the partition of the country. But the British, the Congress and the Muslim League finally decided on the partition to end the increase in violence. Train My Brain 1) How many times was India partitioned? 2) Which schools did the British try to remove? I Apply Both the 1905 and the 1947 partitions had many consequences. CONSEQUENCES OF THE PARTITION OF THE BENGAL PRESIDENCY • Angered the Indian leaders: The partition of Bengal angered the Indian leaders. They started demanding freedom more enthusiastically. • Angered the people: People across India did not like the British’s move to divide the country. They realised that the British were actually harming the country. • Creation of a new capital: In 1911, the British made Delhi the new capital. • Start of new movements: The protests that started against the partition of Bengal gave rise to more movements such as the Swadeshi Movement. 70 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 70 14-02-2017 12:25:32

CONSEQUENCES OF THE PARTITION OF BRITISH INDIA • Creation of a new country: The partition resulted in the creation of a new country called Pakistan. • Division of Bengal: Bengal got divided once again into West and East Bengal. While West Bengal remained in India, East Bengal became a part of Pakistan. It was renamed East Pakistan (now called Bangladesh). Celebrations near Red Fort to • Loss of property: The people who were moving mark Delhi as the new capital from one side to another were forced to leave their homes and property behind. • Loss of life: When the countries were divided, people had to find new places to live. There was a lot of violence in the area around the new borders. Many communities including Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, suffered immense loss of life, livelihood and property. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) Look carefully at the following photographs taken during the partition of 1947 and answer the questions that follow. The Partitions of India 71 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 71 14-02-2017 12:25:34

NEWS NO 1947 BRITISH INDIA DIVIDED INTO INDIA AND PAKISTAN JOURNALISTS REPORT: 1) 14 million people leave their 2) An aged couple and their homes. Travellers move to their grandchildren sitting on the new promised homes on foot, in roadside on this difficult journey. bullock carts and in trains. The old man is very ill. a) What kind of people do you see in a) What is happening to this family? the picture? b) What will happen to the children if b) Can you say if they are going the old man dies? towards India or Pakistan? c) What do the expressions on their c) They are not wearing any flags or faces tell you? signs. Do you think it is possible to identify a person's country based on his or her dressing? d) What kinds of things are they carrying? 72 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 72 14-02-2017 12:25:43

Be Amazed ‘Mass migration’ refers to the migration of large groups of people from one geographical area to another. About 14 million people were displaced during the 1947 partition. In current terms, it is almost as if everyone in Bengaluru and Hyderabad had to leave their homes for another place! Connect the Dots English Fun Khushwant Singh - a famous Indian lawyer and writer was born and raised in Hadali (now in Pakistan). His book Train to Pakistan won the 'Grove Press India Fiction Prize' for the year 1956. It describes the painful story of the partition and shows how people suffered. Maths Fun The Indus river, which originates in the Himalayas, flows through India and Pakistan. The total length of the river is 2,880 km, out of which 1,114 km flows through India. What is the length of the river in Pakistan? The Partitions of India 73 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 73 14-02-2017 12:25:46

A Note to Parent It's a good idea to be present while your child is researching this time in history. This is because the documentation of this time is extensive and extremely graphic. This episode of Indian history needs to be discussed with a lot of sensitivity. New words 1) discontent – unhappy 2) plague – a deadly illness 3) distract – take attention away 4) enthusiastically – with more energy and interest 5) migration – the movement of a group of people from one place to another 74 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 74 14-02-2017 12:25:46

Your Right, My Right: Your Right, My Right: Human Rights Human Rights I Will Learn 8.1 Human Rights and Human Rights Organisations Ⅴ Define and list some basic human rights; introduce the United Nations and the National Human Rights Commission f Reasons why human rights need to be protected Ⅶ Organisations and people who work for human rights H Make a poster to show basic human rights 8.2 The Rights of Children Ⅴ List the rights of children f Reasons for protecting child rights Ⅶ Organisations and people who work for children's rights H Discuss child rights violations based on newspaper clippings and picture- reading Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 75 14-02-2017 12:25:48

Concept 8.1: Human Rights and Human Rights Organisations I Think Mr. and Mrs. Barucha visit Meher's father. They are Human Rights lawyers. They strive to help labourers at brick kilns in Odisha leave these places. Meher: What’s wrong with the brick kilns? Mr. Barucha: The owners force these people’s families to work at the kilns for generations. Meher: How? Mrs. Barucha: Imagine this: Chandni is a little girl of about six. Her father borrows money from the rich man in his village for her elder sister's wedding. To return the money he borrowed, the rich man asks Chandni’s father to work at his brick kiln. Meher: So what’s wrong with that? Mrs. Barucha: Chandni’s father cannot read or write. The owner of the kiln keeps telling him he has not repaid all the money. He makes him work there till he is old. To repay the money, Chandni and her next generation will work there too. None of them will get to go to school anymore. Barucha Uncle: They are modern day slaves! This is against their basic human rights. Q. How do labourers in the brick kilns become slaves? (A) They choose to become slaves. (B) They get tricked by the owners of brick-kilns. (C) They look for jobs at the brick-kilns. (D) They send their children to work at the kilns. 76 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 76 14-02-2017 12:25:51

I Remember All human beings are born with equal rights and the freedom of choice. We all have the same rights, no matter which country, region, religion or race we belong to. gender income community or social group Human The rights which are the rights do not same for all people, political country all over the world, are beliefs depend on: called human rights. religion language HUMAN RIGHTS The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a document written by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948. 10 of December is celebrated as th th the International Human Rights Day. These human rights state that every person has the same human rights, regardless of his/her religion, race, caste or gender. There are 30 basic human rights, some of which are: 1) Each person is born free. Everyone has equal rights and dignity. 2) No one can be treated with cruelty. No one can be made a slave. 3) Everyone has the right to practise their religion freely. 4) Everyone has the right to work and to choose a suitable type of work. Each worker has the right to equal pay for equal work. 5) Everyone has the right to education. Your Right, My Right: 77 Human Rights Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 77 14-02-2017 12:25:56

UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (UNHRC) -observes and protects the human rights of the United Nations Human Rights Council people of all countries The Logo of the United Nations The United Nations is an international organisation. There are 193 member countries of the UN. In 2006, the United Nations Human Rights Council was established to protect human rights of people around the world. NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (NHRC) The National Human Rights Commission is responsible for protecting the human rights of Indians. It was started in October, 1993. Each country or culture has its own problems and human rights The Logo of the violations. The NHRC in India does various kinds of activities. National Human Some of these include: Rights Commission 1) Keeping a watch on various activities of the government and the people, and noting when human rights are violated. For example, the NHRC gets involved in court cases that include charges of human rights violation. 2) Review laws from time to time to check if they protect and promote human rights. For example, the NHRC reviews laws relating to women, children and labaurers. 3) Spread awareness about human rights. They do this through publications, media or seminars. 4) Help other institutions that work in the field of human rights. The NHRC works with institutions such as the Central Government, the State Governments or the Courts. I Understand REASONS FOR PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS Many people's human rights were not protected during World War II. Millions of people were killed, and many more were treated very badly. World leaders decided 78 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 78 14-02-2017 12:26:01

that this should never happen again. The United Nations was established in 1945 to prevent wars and protect the rights of people all over the world. The UN has many organs. The UNHRC is one such organ that works especially for the protection of human rights. Not just during wars, but even in everyday life, very often people ill-treat other people for their own benefits. In particular, the rights of smaller communities, the poor, the women, the disabled and the children need protection. Therefore, human rights need protection. Below are some examples of human rights violations common in India: - child labour - dowry (money or gifts that the bride's family gives to the bridegroom's family) - child marriage - harassment at home or at the workplace - ill-treatment of people with disabilities Train My Brain 1) Mention two human rights that you think are important. 2) When was the UN formed? I Apply ORGANISATIONS AND PEOPLE WORkING FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Several people and organisations – both governmental and non-governmental – work to help protect human rights. They also help people become aware of their rights. Vigil India Movement The Vigil India Movement was started in 1977. It is an organisation that works to create awareness among people about their human rights. Your Right, My Right: 79 Human Rights Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 79 14-02-2017 12:26:02

Amnesty International The Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people. It fights against injustice. It prevents violation of human rights by encouraging laws to be changed. Medha Patkar Medha Patkar has worked with many movements and organisations to make sure that all people have equal rights. She is the founder of the Narmada Bachao Andolan and other people's movements. Medha Patkar won several awards for her social work. Sunderlal Bahuguna Sunderlal Bahuguna is an environmentalist. He is one of the founders of the Chipko movement that works for the protection of the forests of Uttarakhand. He believes in Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2009. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) 1) Make a poster to show the human rights you feel are the most important. Choose any three. Explain to your class why you chose these rights. Be Amazed According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the world’s ‘Most Translated Document’. It has been translated into more than 500 languages. 80 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 80 14-02-2017 12:26:04

Concept 8.2: The Rights of Children I Think Meher: Does that mean that Chandni from the brick-kiln does not go to school at all? Mr. Barucha: Yes. And for children, there is a separate set of rights. Mr. Barucha: People like Kailash Satyarthi work to rescue many children like Chandni. He rescues child labourers. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 with Malala Yousafzai. Meher: : Child rights? Child labour? What do these words mean? Q. When did Kailash Satyarthi win the Nobel Peace Prize? (A) 2000 (B) 2004 (C) 2014 (D) 2015 I Remember Did you know there are separate rights for children? The United Nations defines a child as any person who has not yet reached the age of eighteen years. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was signed in 1989 to protect the rights of children. THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN Children's rights are Some important rights of all children are: the human rights of 1) The right to life. children. 2) The right to a safe environment. Your Right, My Right: 81 Human Rights Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 81 14-02-2017 12:26:05

3) The right to play and rest. 4) The right to protection from any kind of exploitation. No one is allowed to punish children in a cruel or harmful way. Across the world, children's rights are violated through forcing children to work as child labour and child soldiers. I Understand REASONS FOR PROTECTING CHILD RIGHTS There are many ways in which the rights of children are harmed. 1) In many countries, children do not get clean drinking water and food. This leads to poor nutrition and various diseases. 2) Many children die as a result of violence at home or in school. 3) Children are married before they reach an appropriate age. This is called child marriage. In India, a girl cannot be married until she is 18 and a boy, until he is 21. 4) Many children are made to work in dangerous conditions. They are forced to work for many hours without a break, including at night. This is called child labour. For example, children working in restaurants or bangles or fireworks factories. 5) A child who is made to fight or work for an army is called a child soldier. Children as young as 9 years old are made to fight in wars. 82 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 82 14-02-2017 12:26:16

Train My Brain 1) When was the Convention on the Rights of the Child signed? 2) Share an example of child labour you have seen in your around you. I Apply ORGANISATIONS AND PEOPLE WORkING FOR CHILDREN'S RIGHTS There are many organisations and people working to make sure that children remain safe and that their rights are protected. Childline India Childline India is an organisation that works to help children in trouble. They have set up a telephone helpline for children whose rights have been harmed. Children or concerned adults can call the telephone number – 1098 – and receive help. kailash Satyarthi He started the Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save Childhood Movement) in 1980. Kailash Satyarthi helps children who are made to work as child labourers. Malala Yousafzai She is known for her work to make sure that all children – whether they are boys or girls – are allowed to go to school. Both Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for their work for the right of all children to education. I Explore (H.O.T.S.) 1) Newspapers are a good means to know about the different kinds of child rights violations. Here are some examples: Your Right, My Right: 83 Human Rights Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 83 14-02-2017 12:26:19

Discuss with a partner which type of violation each newpaper article is about. 2) Look at the picture. Discuss what you see, and answer the following questions: a) Which child right does it deal with? b) Name one person and one organisation who can help these children. Be Amazed Kailash Satyarthi has protected the rights of more than 83,000 children in more than 144 countries. 84 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 84 14-02-2017 12:26:32

Connect the Dots English Fun Read Malala, a Brave Girl from Pakistan or Iqbal, a Brave Boy from Pakistan, the stories of two young people fighting for the rights of children in Pakistan. See if you can buy or rent these books. Maths Fun Sometimes, information is shown as a number. For example, there are more than 2,00,000 child soldiers in the world. Choose a category of child rights. Find out three facts about this right in India and the world. Make an attractive and interesting information sheet using information shown through numbers, to share with your parents and friends. A Note to Parent Help your child learn more about child labour in India. Inform your child that the organisation 'Childline' has a number that children can call if their rights are violated. Make sure your child understands that reporting something to Childline is a serious matter. Use this link to watch a video about Childline: http://imax.pro/childline Your Right, My Right: 85 Human Rights Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 85 14-02-2017 12:26:35

New words 1) labourer – someone who does physical work 2) kiln – a special oven used to bake things made from clay so that they become hard and strong 3) income – money earned 4) social group – a group that a person belongs to 5) universal – for everyone 6) legal – by the law 7) dignity – importance or value of a person 8) establish – start; begin 9) violations – something that breaks the law or harms the rights of someone 10) awareness – knowledge about something 11) organs – a part of an organisation which performs a specific function 12) labour – work 13) harassment – behaviour that harms or upsets someone 14) child labourer – a child who does hard, physical work 15) Nobel Peace Prize – one of five prizes created by the Swedish industrialist and inventor, Alfred Nobel. It is awarded to those working towards bringing peace in the world. The other four prizes are for chemistry, physics, medicine and literature. 16) exploitation – using something or someone unfairly or badly 86 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 86 14-02-2017 12:26:36

Our Goverment Our Goverment I Will Learn 9.1 India’s Democratic Government Ⅴ How we rule ourselves f How democracy and elections work in India; levels of government Ⅶ Sections of the central government H Comparison between different forms of government Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 87 14-02-2017 12:26:48

Concept 9.1: India’s Democratic Government I Think Mr. and Mrs. Jain are taking Rashi out. Rashi wants to know where they are going. Rashi: Ma, where are we going? Mrs. Jain: The elections are today. We are going to the polling station. Rashi: Which train are we catching from the polling station? Mrs. Jain: We are not catching a train from the polling station. Q . What do you think Rashi’s parents will do at the polling station? (A) pick up a relative (B) take part in the elections (C) see a railway museum (D) book a train ticket I Remember You have learned earlier that India was ruled by different kings and queens. Do you remember some of them? You have also learned that many European trading companies came to India. Can you recall one of them? You have also studied that India fought against the British rule and became free on 15 August, 1947. th After India became free, our leaders decided that A democracy is a people should be allowed to elect their government. In government run by other words, India’s leaders chose democracy. the people. 88 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 88 14-02-2017 12:27:35

WhaT Is a ‘Democracy’? In a democracy, the people are the most powerful group. They can choose their leaders. This is different from the rule of kings and queens where they have all the power. Let us now look at some of the features of democracy. FeaTUres oF Democracy • elections take place at regular intervals. • People who are 18 years and above can vote. • People have the freedom to share their opinions. • People have to follow the laws set by the government. • People can complain to the courts against those who do something wrong. • The government must protect everyone’s rights equally. I Understand We have read that one of the main features of democracy is that people get to choose their representatives. In India, we get to choose our representatives through elections. WhaT Is aN eLecTIoN? Election is an method of choosing a representative by voting. They are held after a fixed number of years. In India, they are held every five years. Process of election • People go to • The votes are • Political parties before the elections • They tell people on election day • They do not after the elections • The candidate polling stations counted. share their ideas. and vote. about the with the most votes wins. need to tell candidates from their parties. anyone who they • The political party voted for. with the most number of winning candidates forms the government. Our Government 89 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 89 14-02-2017 12:27:40

The political party that forms the government is called the ruling party. The leader of the ruling party becomes the head of the government. The head of the government chooses some winning candidates from his or her party to work in the government. These candidates look after different departments. For example, one looks after the agriculture department and another looks after the education A person pressing department. the Electronic Voting Machine to vote elections for different levels of government Do you know that there are three levels of government in India? They are local, state and central government. We have elections to elect representatives at all three levels. Name of the election Levels of the government Local election Local government State election State government National election Central government The WorkING oF The GoverNmeNT The central, state and the local governments have separate responsibilities. However, the central, state and local governments work together for the welfare of the people. For example, the local government installs street lights. The state government distributes electricity to all the cities and villages. The central government, on the other hand, gives permission for electrical projects and decides the price to be charged. Let us learn more about these levels. Level 1: The local government The local government looks after the needs of people at the village, town or city level. It has two levels – urban and village local governments. 90 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 90 14-02-2017 12:27:41

Urban local government village local government The urban local government looks after The village local government is the needs of the people living in cities responsible for the welfare of people and towns. living in villages. Level 2: The state government The state government takes care of many things like agriculture, education and roads. The state government is made up of a State Assembly, Chief Minister, Governor and other ministers. Level 3: The central government The central government governs the entire country. It deals with the defence of India, relation with other countries, railways and shipping to name a few. Train my Brain 1) What do you mean by ‘opinions’? 2) After how many years do we have elections in India? I Apply You have understood the three different levels of the government. Now let us look at the structure of the central government. Three secTIoNs oF The ceNTraL GoverNmeNT • the Parliament – has three parts and makes rules or laws for the entire country • the executive – implements the rules made by the The Parliament Parliament • the courts – make sure that the laws are followed by everyone. People who break these laws are punished. Our Government 91 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 91 14-02-2017 12:27:46

Let us learn more about the Parliament. The Parliament has three parts. They are the President of India, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Let us know more about them. Inside the Lok Sabha The Lok sabha consists of members elected by the people during general elections. It is also called the house of the People. The Prime Minister is an important member of the Lok Sabha. The rajya sabha consists of members indirectly elected Inside the Rajya Sabha by different states and union territories. It is also called the council of states. The Vice-President of India is an important member of the Rajya Sabha. The President is the head of the country. He or she is elected by the members of the Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies. W I Explore (H.O.T.S.) 1) Discuss with your classmates about how things would be if you lived under the rule of a king instead of in a democracy. hints: You can discuss the absence of elections, limited freedom to express one’s thoughts and no or limited number of courts. Be amazed India is the largest democracy in the world. Among all the democracies in the world, India has the highest population. 92 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 92 14-02-2017 12:27:50

Connect the Dots english fun The word ‘democracy’ comes from the Greek words ‘demos’ meaning ‘people’ and ‘kratia’ meaning ‘rule’ or ‘power’. Studying the origin of words is called ‘etymology’. maths fun The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. The Lok Sabha, on the other hand, can have a maximum of 552 members. What is the difference between the number of members of the two houses? Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha 250 552 members members A Note to Parent It will be a good learning experience to your child if he or she gets to see the different government offices in your area such as the post office, Municipal Corporation office or election office. You can share with them what the purpose and function of each office is. Our Government 93 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 93 14-02-2017 12:27:57

New words 1) election – a process through which people can choose the people to act or speak for them 2) polling station – a place where people can go to vote in the elections 3) vote – share one’s choice 4) opinion – thoughts about a particular topic or person 5) representative – someone who has been chosen to act or speak for a person or a group of people 6) political party – a group of people who have similar aims, ideas and thoughts and who want to be a part of the government 7) candidate – someone who wants to be chosen or elected 8) govern – to make laws and find ways for people to follow them 94 Social_Studies_Grade_5_TB.indb 94 14-02-2017 12:27:57