202110216-TRIUMPH-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G07-PART2

THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF CHESS 3. The most commonly available chess sets are made of _______. [ ] A. polymer B. pewter C. plastic D. ivory II. Answer the following questions. 1. Why are moulds made slightly larger when they are designed? A. 2. How is the mould helpful in making chess pieces? A. 3. What kind of plastic is suitable for making chess pieces? A. III. Write the meaning of the following words from the passage. 1. cavity - 2. flaw - 3. diverse - 4. appealing - IV. Write the opposite of the following words from the passage. 1. diverse x 2. shrink x 3. flexibility x UNIT 7 50

Vocabulary THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF CHESS Session 2 I. Correct the errors in the numbered sentences and write them down. (1) Everybody think that he was a fool. (2) The royal accountancy announced the quantity of rice that should be given to the inventor. (3) Everyone was awestruck. (4) The figure was giantic. (5) No one had never heard of such an enormous number. II. Rewrite the words of the passage following the directions. This wonderful game of chess is a gift of India to the world. The Hindus believe that it was invented by Queen Mandodari, the wife of King Ravana. However, historian H.J.R.Murray holds that it was invented by a scholar from North-West India around the fifth century. In those days it was called ‘chaturanga’ – the four divisions of the military. Legend has it that this inventor was ordered by the ruler to ask for a reward for his invention. 1. What is the meaning of: a) hold b) legend A. 2. What part of speech is the word: around A. 3. Make a sentence using the word ‘believe’. A. 4. The Hindus believe that it was invented by Queen Mandodari. (Change into Past Perfect Tense.) A. UNIT 7 51

THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF CHESS Grammar Session 3 I. Read the following sentences and underline the if-clauses. Then, write down whether they are type 0 or type 1. 1. If you do not obey your elders, you will be in trouble. [] 2. The phone is ringing. If I don’t attend the call, it will get disconnected. [ ] 3. If you buy two shirts, you get one free. [] 4. If I start early, I’ll reach on time. [] 5. If you dip eggs in water, the good ones sink and the stale ones float. [ ] II. Fill in the blanks using the given choices. Write only letters (A), (B), (C), (D) or (E) as your answers. The________(1), like a brave solider, marches only one step forward. When it starts from the second row, it has the option of moving ___________(2) forward. However, after the first move, it can only move ________ (3) forward. It has to go one square _________ (4) to capture a piece, even if it is the mighty king. It has another ____________(5). It is the only piece that can be promoted to any rank. 1. (A) Queen (B) Rook (C) Pawn (D) King 2. (A) 1 or 2 steps (B) three steps (C) one step (D) two steps 3. (A) 2 steps (B) backwards (C) diagonally (D) one step 4. (A) backwards (B) sideways (C) diagonally (D) forward 5. (A) specialty (B) disadvantage (C) advantage (D) drawback Conventional Writing Session 4 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. mr krishna rao an industrialist says even if you are a pauper it makes you a king and given an army knights chariots (rooks) and a beautiful queen too A. UNIT 7 52

THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF CHESS Creative Writing Session 5 I. Indians celebrate a lot of festivals. On the day of celebration, they invite and visit friends and relatives and share sweets. Which festivals do you like the most? Have you ever invited any of your friends to be part of your celebration? Imagine that you are celebrating a festival at your village. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/ her to attend the celebration. A. UNIT 7 53

THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF CHESS II. Observe the picture and write in about 120 words the thoughts that come to your mind. Hints: Festival – Children dancing – rangoli – many spectators – colours – flowers – traditional dresses – happiness – tradition – culture A. UNIT 7 54

CHAPTER 2: CHESS CHESS Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 6 Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow. [] Chess For people playing chess It’s strategy and fun Armies standing on squares Protecting their kings, Every move’s a challenge An exercise for the mind It’s discipline at play Transferring into life. Follow all the rules Make a wrong move, you lose If both players play well It can end in a draw. The purpose is better moves By playing better moves Learn opening, middle And end games very well. Chess develops young minds Chess’ll help one and all Let chess be part of schools Played in clubs and cafes. I. Choose the right answer. 1. Why does the poet say – every move is a challenge? A. the player’s time reduces B. there is the possibility of the queen being captured UNIT 7 55

C. there are many things to be considered at once CHESS ] D. Spectators get confused ] ] 2. Which of the following is not an advantage of playing chess? [ [ A. discipline B. physical exercise [ C. fun D. mental development 3. If both players play well, it will result in ______. A. a win B. a loss C. a draw D. a cancellation 4. Who will be benefitted by chess? A. children B. teenagers C. middle-aged D. everyone Creative Writing Session 7 I. INSPIRE Science exhibition is going to be conducted in your school premises. Students from all the divisions of your school are participating in the event. Education Minister and District Educational Officer are attending the programme. Prepare an invitation card for the programme with venue, date, details of guests and schedule of the programme. A. UNIT 7 56

KONERU HUMPY CHAPTER 3:KONERU HUMPY Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 8 Read the following passage and answer the question given below. Hikaru Nakamura is a chess grandmaster. Grand Master, GM for short, is the highest title a chess player can achieve and it is held for life. He earned GM status in 2003 at the age of 15 years and 79 days – the youngest to ever do it at that time. Since then, he became the No.1 chess player in the U.S. and consistently holds a spot as one of the top 10 players in the world. Experts love his aggressive style of play, other GMs consider him to be one of the best American chess players ever and his fans feel that he’s barely scratching the surface of greatness. He is also universally regarded and ranked No.1 as the best blitz (speed chess) player in the world. During matches, he is cool, calm and confident – a by-product of his New York City upbringing and being surrounded by a family of proficient chess heads – his stepfather is a chess master and his older brother was a 13- time national chess champion. Nakamura is generally regarded as an aggressive player who is reluctant to draw games early, having once said in an interview that “There is no point in taking draws”. He instead prefers to exploit all prospective winning chances, giving him a style of play described by the U.S.A Chess Federation as marked by “astonishing creativity, relentless determination, the making of unexpected moves and a will to win”. I. Choose the right answer. 1. Which country does Hikaru Nakamura represent? [] A. Singapore B. U.S C. U.K. D. Korea 2. Hikaru Nakamura is ranked No.1 as the best _____ player in the world. [ ] A. Singapore B. U.S C. U.K. D. Korea II. Answer the following questions. 1. What is the achievement of Hikaru Nakamura? A. UNIT 7 57

KONERU HUMPY 2. Cite the reasons that would have contributed to Hikaru Nakamura’s success? A. 3. What do you know about Nakamura’s style of play? A. III. Write the meanings of the following words from the passage. 1. status - 2. proficient - 3. aggressive - 4. consistently - 5. reluctant - IV. Write the opposites of the following words from the passage. 1. confident x 2. reluctant x 3. calm x Vocabulary Session 9 I. Correct the errors in the numbered sentences and write them down. (1) Koneru Humpy showing extraordinary talent as a chess player and making the nation proud at several times at the international level. (2) She has been honoured with a number of awards and recognisations. (3) To command her exceptional skills and achievements, the Government of India bestowed upon her the coveted Arjuna Award in the year 2003. (4) Further, in the year 2007 she was awarded with a prestigious Padma Shri Award. (5) Humpy was conferred for the Raja-Lakshmi Award in the year 2008 by Raja-Lakshmi Foundation of Chennai. UNIT 7 58

KONERU HUMPY II. Read the passage and answer the questions: Young Humpy got attracted towards the game at a very young age of just 5 years. Her father soon spotted her extraordinary skills in the game and realised she could become a great player if conditioned properly. Ashok took the bold decision of giving up his job to concentrate fully on Humpy’s chess career. The little Humpy showed her remarkable prowess as an excellent chess player as soon as she began playing the game. She caught everybody’s attention for the first time when she won the Under 8 National Chess Championship in the year 1995. 1. What is the meaning of : a) spotted b) giving up A. 2. What part of speech is the word : extraordinary A. 3. Make a sentence using the word ‘bold’. A. 4. She could become a great player. (Change into Future Tense.) A. UNIT 7 59

Grammar KONERU HUMPY Session 10 I. Fill in the blanks using the given choices. Write only letters (A),(B),(C),(D) or (E) as your answers. _______(1) the Doha Asian Games 2006, Koneru Humpy made the nation proud by _______ (2) two Gold Medals in the Individual as well as Team Event of Chess. She also won the International Open Chess Tournament 2007 _______ (3) at Kaupthing, Luxembourg. In October 2007, Humpy scored an FIDE ____________(4) of 2606 points, just behind the World No.1 ________ (5) chess player, Judit Polgar. 1. (A) At (B) In (C) With (D) By 2. (A) bagging (B) winning (C) gaining (D) getting 3. (A) holds (B) held (C) holding (D) played 4. (A) scoring (B) rating (C) points (D) score 5. (A) female (B) masculine (C) feminine (D) male Conventions of Writing Session 11 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. mr chinni krishna an engineering student says i like the feeling of commanding an army at war at will i can order a knight to penetrate the enemy’s forces and surprise the opponent A. UNIT 7 60

KONERU HUMPY Creative Writing Session 12 I. You had been suffering from fever and went to a hospital for treatment. Write a conversation between you and the doctor. UNIT 7 61

SESSION 1 UNIT 8 SNAKES IN INDIA – READING Oral Discourse Talk about your reaction when you see a snake. Hints: • Will you be scared? Will you start shouting and panicking? Or would you call for help? Would you try and kill it? Will your reaction be any different if you are with your friends and family and not alone when you spot a snake? UNIT 8 62

LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Adjective giddy unbearable feeling that everything is too painful, annoyingly moving and that you are unpleasant going to fall reasonable toxic acceptable containing poison, poisonous nocturnal widespread active only during the existing in many places night shallow distinguishing measuring only a short a charcteristic of distance from the top to something or someone the bottom that makes it identifiable. perceive become aware or Verb conscious of convince completely sure about UNIT 8 63

occur LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA happen ooze Noun flow out slowly ignorance quartet lack of knowledge or a set of four people or information about things something fortnight prevention two weeks of time when something bad is stopped from happening 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary Of all creatures, the most dangerous ones to the life of man are snakes. According to the World Health Organisation, nearly 15,000 people die every year in India due to snake bite. When a person is bitten by a snake, that person must be taken to the hospital immediately. If we delay taking him to the hospital, the person may die. There are nearly 200 species of snakes in India and of them, 50 species are venomous. The most important species among them are Russell’s Viper, Saw–scaled Viper, Indian Cobra and Common Krait. We can find the movement of these snakes in deserts, fertile plains, rural areas and the suburbs of many cities. We can also find some of them in the dense forest hills of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. While walking through such areas, we should not go barefoot and we must wear long trousers. We should carry a lantern or a torch when we go out at night. We must always carry a stick and keep our surroundings rat–free. Kamal, a 25–year old farmer, lived near Goregaon, a suburb of Mumbai. He was once bitten by a poisonous snake and was taken to the hospital. His blood was transfused 15 times and he was given antivenin repeatedly. He was declared out of dan-ger only after the fifth day. Most snakes are timid and nocturnal. They feed on rats, mice, frogs, toads, lizards or birds. If we wear shoes and long trousers, it will lessen the risk of being bitten. UNIT 8 64

LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA Self Assessment How well did I read? Fill in the boxes using yes/ somewhat/ no. I enjoyed reading the passage. I got the idea of the passage on my own. I got the idea with the help of my friends in the group. The teacher helped me to understand the passage. I used the glossary given at the end of the passage. UNIT 8 65

SESSION 2 SNAKES IN INDIA – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Answer the following questions: Q1. Why do many people die of snakebite? A. Many people die of snakebite because snakebite contains venom which is highly poisonous. Q2. If 100 people died in a year in India, how many people might have died in the rest of the world? A. If 100 people died in a year in India, nearly 100 people might die in the rest of the world as India contributes to half of the total deaths due to snakebite in the world. Q3. What opinion do you form about the first doctor who treated Kamal? A. The first doctor who treated Kamal was not a fully qualified allopathic practitioner and he did not have the knowledge of antivenin serum which is administered for treating a snake bite. He did not know the dangerous consequences of not treating a snake bite. Therefore, he gave Kamal pain-killer injection and antibiotics and advised him to rest. Q4. What does a Russell’s Viper do when provoked? A. When provoked, a Russell’s Viper bites and injects a large amount of venom with its long, movable fangs. Q5. What is the death dealing quartet? A. Russel’s viper, saw scaled viper, Indian cobra and common krait are regarded as the death dealing quartet, as these are the most dangerous species of snakes. Q6. What are the poisonous and non–poisonous snakes? A. The poisonous snakes are Russell’s Viper, Saw–scaled Viper, Cobra and Common Krait. They are those which inject large amount of venom with their bite. Non–poisonous snakes feed only on rats, frogs, lizards, birds and so on. They do not inject venom with their bite and attack only when provoked. UNIT 8 66

LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA Q7. What is the writer’s opinion about snakes? A. According to the writer, snakes are more dangerous than tigers and lions. However most snakes are timid, nocturnal creatures feeding mostly on rats, mice, frogs, toads, lizards or birds. They attack humans only when actually stepped on or provoked. Q8. What are people’s misconceptions about snakes? A. People think that all the snakes are dangerous and venomous. However in reality only 50 out of 200 species of snakes are venomous. Q9. What precautions should we take if we want to lessen the risk of snakebite? A. To lessen the risk of snakebite, we should wear long trousers and should not go bare–foot when walking through high grass. Also, we must carry a torch and a stick when we go out at night. Q10. If you had been in Kamal’s position, what would you have done? A. If I were in Kamal’s position, I would have gone to a qualified doctor with the help of my relatives or neighbours, as snakebite can be extremely dangerous and may lead to death if not treated in time. Q11. Why do you think some people worship cobras even though they are poisonous and very harmful? A. Some people worship cobras due to ignorance and religious beliefs. They probably believe that worshipping a cobra will protect them from the dangerous consequences of snakes and their bite. UNIT 8 67

SESSION 3 SNAKES IN INDIA – VOCABULARY 3.1 Vocabulary I. Adjective Q1. Sometimes cyclones occur in the ocean. Contrary to our opinion, fishermen are never convinced that it is dangerous to venture into the ocean during cyclones. They repeat the same mistake and lose their precious lives. II. Root+ Prefix+suffix Look at the following words from the text: 1. precaution 2. dangerous The word ‘precaution’ consists of two parts –‘pre’–and ‘caution’ (prefix+root). The word ‘dangerous’ consists of two parts ‘danger’ and ‘–ous’ (root+suffix). Add appropriate prefixes / suffixes to the following roots to make new words. Q1. Root New word Prefix dis courage discourage in active inactive il legal illegal un able unable dis believe disbelieve UNIT 8 68

Root Suffix LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA king dom rich ness New word brave ry kingdom fame ous richness boy hood bravery famous boyhood Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with suitable forms (after adding a prefix / suffix) of the words in brackets: A. 1. He was acting in a very childish way. (child) 2. This word is very difficult to spell, and even worse, its pronunciation (pronounce) 3. You shouldn’t have done that! It was very unthinkable of you. (think) 4. He didn’t pass his exam. He was successful in the second attempt. (succeed) 5. Some of the Indian cities are dreadfully crowded . (crowd) 6. The team won the championship . (champion) 7. There is a very high likelihood that they will be late. (likely) 8. I couldn’t find any weakness in his theory. (weak) 9. There was a three–hour stoppage because of the strike. (stop) 10. You need a combination of motivation, organisation and revision to learn English. (com- bine) UNIT 8 69

SESSION 4 SNAKES IN INDIA – GRAMMAR 4.1 Grammar I. Until/ as Long As Q1. Fill in the blanks with ‘until’ or ‘as long as’: A. II. Subject/predicate Look at the following sentences from the text. . Normally all sentences have a subject and a predicate. In the above sentences, the first part is called the subject and the second part is called the predicate. The subject is usually a noun or a pronoun. It gives information about the doer of the action. The predicate gives information about the subject. You will notice sometime there may be sentences that may not have a subject as in ‘Shut the door.’ Here, the subject should be taken as ‘you.’ Now observe some more examples: The subjects in these sentences are a noun, a pronoun, and a noun phrase respectively. So the subject of a sentence can be a noun, a pronoun, or a noun phrase. UNIT 8 70

LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA The predicate in the first sentence consists of a single word, which is a verb. In sentences 2 and 3, the predicate consists of more than one word but it has essentially averb. So, the predicate can consist of one or more words but it must contain a verb. Now read the following sentences and pick out the subject and the predicate in each sentence: Q1. 1. Poisonous snakes are very dangerous. 2. Cobra is a poisonous snake. 3. Many people die of snakebite. 4. Some snakes are timid and harmless. 5. Doctors can save snake bite victims. 6. We should be cautious of poisonous snake A. III. Editing Read the following passage. Every numbered sentence has an error. Identify and edit it. Q1. (1) Mr. Narayan Rao slowly bent and sit in his armed chair. (2) He leaned back removing his spectacle. (3) He said, “Koushik, can you bring down my old box from the upper shelf in me bedroom?” The boy mounted a chair as quick as a lizard and brought the box down. (4) “What do it contain?” he murmurmed and tried to open it. (5) His sister snatched it on his hands and ran away. A. (1) Mr. Narayan Rao slowly bent and sat in his armed chair. (2) He leaned back removing his spectacles . (3) He said, “Koushik, can you bring down my old box from the upper shelf in my bedroom?” The boy mounted a chair as quick as a lizard and brought the box down. (4) “What does it contain?” he murmurmed and tried to open it. (5) His sister snatched it from his hands and ran away. UNIT 8 71

SESSION 5 SNAKES IN INDIA – WRITING 5.1 Writing Q. Prepare a poster giving a list of Dos and Don’ts when a snake bites. Here are two Dos and two Don’ts: Dos Keep the person calm. Keep the affected area below the heart level. Don’ts .Do not wait to see if the bite causes any problems, treat it straight away. Do not cut, wash or suck the bite. A. Do: • Remove clothing and jewellery. • Keep the person calm. • Keep the affected area below the heart level. • Keep the person in a ventilated area. • Take the person immediately to the nearest hospital or first–aid centre (if the hospital is far away). • Keep the area clean. Don’ts: • Don’t apply a tourniquet. • Do not wait to see if the bite causes any problems, treat it straight away. • Do not cut, wash or suck the bite. • Don’t allow the bitten person to become over–exerted. • Don’t give the person anything by mouth. UNIT 8 72

LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA How well did I prepare the poster? Fill in the boxes using yes/ somewhat I no. I used apt words. I used a good lay out I was able to convey the message through my poster. I used proper punctuation marks. UNIT 8 73

SESSION 6 SNAKES IN INDIA – STUDY AND LISTENING 6.1 Study and Listening Study Skills I. Study the bar – chart and answer the following questions: Month–wise distribution of 1379 snake bite incidents during the period 1999–2003 Q1. What is this bar–chart about? A. The bar–chart is about the month–wise snakebite incidents during 1999–2003. Q2. Which months record the highest number of snakebite cases? Which sentence in the passage supports this fact? A. The months of June and July recorded the highest number of snakebite cases. The following sentence from the passage supports this fact. ‘One should be alert during the monsoon season when snakes are more active’ . Q3. The lowest percent of snakebite cases occurred in ? A. The lowest percentage of snakebite cases were recorded in the months of December and January. UNIT 8 74

LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA Q4. In which months did 8% of snakebites occur? A. In the months of May and November, 8% of snakebites were recorded. Q5. What is the average percentage of snakebites in T.S. per month? A. The average percentage of snakebites in T.S. was 8.3%. Q6. What other inferences can you draw from this chart? A. From this chart, I have inferred that maximum number of snakebite cases of nearly 12.5% were recorded during the monsoon season. Therefore, people must be very much cautious during this season. Listening Skills I. Answer the following questions: Q1. Say whether the following statements are true or false: A. 1. The farmer returned home in the afternoon. [ F ] 2. The owner of the tree wanted to have the tree to construct a house. [ F ] 3. The farmer did not like the tree to be cut down. [ T ] 4. The farmer died when the tree was cut down. [ F ] 5. The cobra died in front of its hole. [ T ] Q2. Listen to the story and answer the following questions: Why did the people leave the farmer to himself? A. The people left the farmer to himself because he did not talk to the people much. Q3. Did the farmer talk to the cobra? Why did he refer to the cobra as a friend? A. The farmer did not talk to the cobra. He referred to the cobra as a friend because both used to take rest under the shade of the tree during the noon. The farmer sat on the ground nearly until the sun had set. Thus, without talking they become companions. So, he referred to the cobra as a friend. Q4. What kind of a person was the farmer? Support your answer. A. The farmer was a strange man. He did not talk much to the people. He always lived by himself. He didn’t want to be friends with the villagers. His only companion was the cobra. He loved the cobra very much. When the cobra died, his heart sank. UNIT 8 75

LESSON 1-SNAKES IN INDIA Q5. Work in groups and discuss the following: 1. If you were the farmer, would you feel sorry for the cobra? 2. Would you like to make friends with a cobra the way farmer did? Why? 3. Do you think the farmer is really a peculiar person? Do you find any person of this kind in your locality? Share your ideas with your friends. A. (STUDENT’S ACTIVITY) Q1. Imagine that you are a reporter of a local television channel. You want to cover the celebration of ‘Nagula Chavithi’ in your area. One of you a can act as a TV reporter and some of you can act as devotees. A. Reporter : I want to ask you some questions. I have come from a T.V. Channel. Devotee : Go ahead. Reporter : Why do you gather here? Devotee : Today is ‘Nagula Chavithi’ and so I am giving milk to the snake. Reporter : Don’t you have any fear of the snakes? Devotee : Never. Snake is our ‘kuladevta’. Reporter : Don’t you think this is sheer ignorance? Devotee : I never think like that. This has been going on in our house since four generations. Reporter : Thank you very much. Devotee : You are welcome. UNIT 8 76

SESSION 7 TREES – READING 7.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun halloween the night of 31st boughs October when children branches (literary use) dress as ghosts and try to frighten each other beams lullaby rays a song we sing to help a child fall asleep Adjective drowsy sleepy 7.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary The poet wants to talk about the importance of the trees to mankind. Trees never harm us. They give shade at noon to cows and other animals. Trees are the houses for birds. Trees give us timber to construct houses and children play happily under the cool shade of trees. They also give us fruits. The poet says that on moonlit nights they sing lullabies to make children sleep. Trees are the first to touch the rays of the morning sun and the last to hold the rays of the evening sun. UNIT 8 77

SESSION 8 TREES – LITERATURE 8.1 Literature - QA Answer the following questions: Q1. Who is ‘I’ in this poem? A. ‘I’ refers to the poet in this poem. Q2. What do trees give us? A. Trees give us shade, timber, fruits and so on. Trees gives us oxygen to breathe and they also provide us with medicines. Q3. What is the tree compared to in this poem? A. Trees are compared to the kindest and the most harmless things in this poem. Q4. What is the poet’s attitude towards trees? Pick out lines or words that describe his attitude. A. The poet believes that trees are kind and harmless things. He refers to the trees as 'Kindest thing he knows’. He also says that ‘They do no harm’. These lines from the poem describe his gratitude and respect for trees. Q5. Do you like trees? Give reasons for your views. A. Yes, I like trees very much. They add beauty to nature and provide us with timber, shade, fruits, oxygen and so on. They give shelter to many types of birds. They give out oxygen and are a source of many medicinal products also. Q6. What is the most touching stanza in the poem? Why do you think so? A. The first stanza is the most touching one in the poem. In this stanza, the poet has given a description of how trees are helpful to us. They are selfless and do not ask for anything in return. UNIT 8 78

LESSON 2-TREES Q7. Try to write a parallel poem about an animal you like. You may follow the structure of the above poem and start like this: Cows are the most useful animals I know They give us milk and dung, you know A. Cows are the most useful animals I know They give us milk and dung, you know They are the kindest animals also They do not harm us They help us plough the fields And help to produce grains and greens So, we shouldn’t harm them And respect them in every way Cows are the useful animals I know They give us milk and dung, you know UNIT 8 79

SESSION 9 A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH – READING 9.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun billion 1,000,000,000 affection (n) A feeling of liking and caring about someone or something Verb destroy to damage so severely pollute that it no longer exists to make air, water or land too dirty and dangerous for people to use in a safe way survive to stay alive Adjective barren barren land is dry and bountiful plants cannot grow available in large there quantities UNIT 8 80

LESSON 3-A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH 9.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This passage is written in the form of a letter addressed to children by Mother Earth. It is the lament of Mother Earth expressing her sorrow for not being taken good care of. The earth has been here for 4.6 billion years. We get food like rice, wheat and fruits from the earth. Cotton, wood, bricks and several other things useful for people are obtained from the earth. Earlier, Mother Earth was looked after with great affection and was worshipped as a goddess. But now, the earth is being de- stroyed, forests are being cut and resources are being polluted due to the selfish necessities of man. Forests and mountains are being destroyed and rains have become scarce. Children of today are the future citizens of the world. They have to understand that Mother Earth has to be saved. Plant- ing trees, keeping the surroundings from being polluted and saving natural resources is the duty of the citizens. We must, therefore, take care of earth as our mother, so that Mother Earth can take care of us as well. Self Assessment How well did I read? Fill in the boxes using yes/somewhat/no. I enjoyed reading the passage. I got the idea of the passage on my own. I got the idea with the help of my friends in the group. The teacher helped me to understand the passage. I used the glossary given at the end of the passage. UNIT 8 81

SESSION 10 A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH – LITERATURE 10.1 Literature - QA Answer the following questions: Q1. What is the change in the attitude of human beings towards Mother Earth? A. Long ago, human beings used to worship earth as a goddess and took care of her as a mother. But nowadays, to serve their own needs, human beings are indiscriminately destroying natural resources by polluting them. They are cutting down trees and destroying the mountains. Q2. How do forests and mountains help to make rain and keep life on the earth moving? A. Forests and mountains cool down the moisture present in the winds and convert them into rains. These rains help the farmers to produce different grains and fruits. In this way, they keep the life on earth moving. Q3. Do you love her as much as you love your mother? If so, what are you doing to save her? A. Yes, I love Mother Earth as much as I love my mother. I plant more and more trees to save her. I do not cut any trees and I do not allow anyone else to cut trees as well. I ask my neighbours and friends not to pollute the air, land or water and respect the resources provided to us by Mother Earth. Q4. Write a reply to her expressing your concern and display it on the wall magazine. A. Place: Date: My dear Mother Earth, I have received your letter and read it carefully. I can understand how we, the people, are destroying and polluting your resources. Most of us do not know the importance of you, but as a student, I know much about you. I try to save you from pollution by growing plants. I promise to take care of you along with my friends, neighbours and relatives. Yours lovingly, Rajiv UNIT 8 82

LESSON 3-A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH Q5. What is the most touching thing that you find in this letter? A. Even though, Mother Earth has been taking care of us since centuries, we never take any precautions to save her. Even then, earth has been providing us with various resources, fulfilling the responsibility of a m other. This is the most touching thing that I found in this letter. Q6. Self Assessment How well have I understood this unit? Read and tick ( ) in the appropriate box. A. Indicators Yes Somewhat No – I was able to talk about my feelings on seeing a snake. (Face sheet) I read and understood the text: – – A. Snakes in India B. Trees (poem) C. A Letter from Mother Earth I was able to do the exercises on prefixes and suffixes given under ‘Vocabulary’. I was able to understand the usage of ‘until’, ‘as long as’, ‘subject and predicate’ and did the exercises given under ‘Grammar’. I was able to prepare a poster given under ‘Writing’. I was able to do the activity given under Study Skills. I listened to and understood the story ‘The Farmer and the Cobra’ and did the exercises given under ‘Listening and Speaking’. I was able to complete the ‘Project Work’ and present it to the class. UNIT 8 83

SNAKES IN INDIA ---------- CCE BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS------------ CHAPTER 1:SNAKES IN INDIA Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 1 Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. The snake is a powerful symbol in Indian mythology and Hinduism. The snake (‘Nag’ as they are commonly called in Hindi language) is worshipped by people across the country. Some of these mythical snakes are considered to be ‘protectors’, while others are thought of as ‘destroyers’. Thereare hundreds of references to snakes with mythical powers in Indian stories. These have made the snake a powerful symbol in Indian culture. But there are thousands of beliefs and myths surrounding snakes widespread in the country which are misleading. Most of these myths are spread by snake charmers. Some of those myths are dispelled here. Most people believe that snakes drink milk. Snakes drink water and do not drink milk. They cannot digest it properly as well. They are reptiles and have no association with milk. But in a crisis when severely dehydrated, a snake might drink any liquid available. There is a myth that snakes carry a diamond in their forehead. Actually, it is impossible for a snake to carry anything in its head. The mythological status attached with a snake in India is probably responsible for this myth. Other myths are that snakes remember you if you hurt them and if one snake is killed, its partner will trace you (no matter where you are). Snakes are not vengeful animals and do not have the necessary intelligence to remember people or places for taking revenge. They are not interested in chasing or tracing people who hurt them. Hindi movies (Bollywood) have a lot to do with the creation of this myth. I. Choose the right answer. 1. What is the passage about? [] A. India mythology B. Hindi movies C. snake charmers D. snake myths and facts 2. What is a myth? [] A. a popular and true incident B. a widely held false belief or idea c. a proverb within a community D. a future happening UNIT 8 84

SNAKES IN INDIA 3. According to a myth, snakes carry a ________ in their forehead [ ] venom A. diamond B. milk C. stone D. II. Answer the following questions. 1. Why is the snake a powerful symbol in Indian culture? A. 2. When might a snake drink milk? A. 3. Why will a snake not trace you and take revenge on you if you hurt it? A. III. Write the meanings of the following words from the passage. 1. misleading - 2. association - 3. dispel - 4. dehydrated - IV. Write the opposites of the following words from the passage. 1. intelligence x 2. impossible x 3. responsible x UNIT 8 85

SNAKES IN INDIA Vocabulary Session 2 I. Correct the errors in the numbered sentences and write them down. (1) Taking what happened to Tengal Kamal on a rainy evening in August 1981. Kamal is a 25 – years – old farmer living near Goregaon, a suburb of Mumbai. (2) He was working bare feet in his fields when he suddenly felt a sharp sting on his right foot. (3) Kamal examination his foot and saw two tiny marks near the ankle. (4) Convincing it was a snakebite, he hastily tied a rope just above his knee. (5) He called out to relative working nearby, which immediately took him by taxi to a local doctor’s dispensary. II. Rewrite the words of the passage following the directions. He told him to rest at home until the pain subsides. But during the next few hours, Kamal felt increasingly giddy and vomited continually. His right foot and lower leg swelled alarmingly and the pain was unbearable. Kamal’s relatives rushed him to a large public hospital in central Mumbai. 1. What is the meaning of a) subsides b) alarmingly A. 2. What part of speech is the word: public A. 3. Make a sentence using the word ‘rushed’. A. UNIT 8 86

SNAKES IN INDIA 4. Kamal’s relatives rushed him to a large public hospital in central Mumbai. (Change into Present Continuous.) A. Grammar Session 3 I. Fill in the blanks with ‘until’ or ‘as long as’. 1. I will not stop you from watching T.V.________________________________ you get good marks in the exam. 2. He will not give you __________________________________________you say ‘sorry’. 3. Add the chopped onion and sauté it ______________________ it turns golden brown. 4. I agree with your suggestion ____________________________ you abide by the rules. 5. I like winter season ______________________________________ the cold is bearable. II. Fill in the blanks using the given choices. Write only letters (A), (B), (C), (D) or (E) as your answers. The Indian cobra, a relative of some _______ (1) snakes of Asia, Africa and Australia is readily recognised by the ‘spectacle’ and ‘_______’ (2) marks on its back. However, the black cobra has no _____ (3) marks. About one and a half to two metres long, the cobra spends much of its time underground or ______ (4) dead logs or stones, feeding mainly on frogs and rats. The cobra’s bite is shallow and delivers a smaller dose of venom. But the venom is three times as _____ (5) as that of the Russell’s viper. 1. (A) killer (B) killing (C) killed (D) dying 2. (A) spectacular (B) manacle (C) monocle (D) spectral 3. (A) distinguishing (B) particular (C) good (D) bad 4. (A) down (B) below (C) beneath (D) inside 5. (A) toxic (B) toxical (C) bad (D) worse UNIT 8 87

SNAKES IN INDIA Conventions of Writing Session 4 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. contrary to what people believe most snakes are timid nocturnal creatures feeding mostly on rats mice frogs toads lizards or birds they attack humans only when actually stepped upon or provoked in some way A. CCrreeaattiviveeWWrirtiitningg SSeessssiioonn 55 I. Observed the picture and write your thoughts that come into mind in about 152I0. Owbosrdesrv. e the picture and write your thoughts that come into mind in about 120 words. Hints: Republic day parade – tableau – representing a state – very 88 ccoolloouurrffuull –– ttrraaddiittiioonn aanndd ccuullttuurree –– mfeustltivi ictyul–tuyreou–rvsitllaatgeetalibfele–auvillage festival A. A. UNIT 8

SNAKES IN INDIA II. Imagine that you are the school pupil leader and prepare a notice for ‘Swachh Bharat’ campaign at your school. UNIT 8 89

TREES CHAPTER 2:TREES Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Poem) Session 8 Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow. Trees by Jonathan George Tree, Dear Tree, In the spring, you give the birds a place to rest. On your lovely branches I can hear a family of Robins singing in their nest. Some trees are short, some trees are tall, But all trees are lovely as their leaves change in the Fall. I Love to see your reds and brown, but your golden yellows are the best of all. How beautiful you are covered in winter white, As you stand in the snow and your branches are frozen in ice. Then again comes the spring so crisp and clean, Waking you out of your slumbering sleep. Joyfully telling you another year has gone by, “Look up dear tree you have grown one inch closer to the sky.” I. Choose the right answer. 1. What is the poem about? [] A. uses of trees B. growth of trees C. beauty of trees in various seasons D. conservation of trees 2. What is referred to as the reds and browns? [] A. flower B. leaves C. fruits D. nuts 3. Which season is referred to as ‘fall’? [] D. spring A. summer B. winter C. autumn 4. In which season does the tree sleep? [] A. summer B. winter C. autumn D. spring UNIT 8 90

Creative Writing TREES Session 9 I. Read the passage given below and make a list of Do’s and Don’ts while encountering a snake. There is no reason that people and snakes cannot get along peacefully, and there are some key techniques you can use to safely handle encounters with snakes. It is critical that you understand that snakes aren't \"aggressive\" and don't hunt or chase people. People who behave rashly during an encounter create an unsafe situation for themselves and for the snake. If you encounter a snake, try your best to remain calm! Snakes would rather not encounter humans, and it is probably as scary for them as it is for you. Keep children and pets away while you try to identify the snake as venomous or non-venomous from a safe distance. Keep in mind that snakes will usually try to escape to the nearest cover, sotry not to stand between them and bushes or other cover. When they're startled, some snakes will flatten their head and puff up to make themselves look more intimidating. A snake may also act defensive or try to strike when cornered, so give it space! Remember - releasing a smelly musk and striking are snake's only defences, since it has no claws. Some non-venomous snakes will rattle their tails when they feel threatened - this can sound like a rattlesnake if theyare in dry leaves. After you identify the snake, or at least determine that it is non-venomous, the best course of action is to simply \"let it be.\" It will probably soon be on its way. If you feel that you must remove the snake from your yard, spray it gently with a water hose to send it on its way while keeping your distance. If the snake is venomous or you are not sure of its identity, take a digital photograph and contact a professional. Don't try to handle the snake yourself! Do’s Don’ts UNIT 8 91

A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH CHAPTER 3:ALETTER FROM MOTHEREARTH Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 10 Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. With the increasing human population, the needs of people also increase. But the point of concern iswhether there are enough natural resources to serve all your needs. What if these resources are over? This is one thing we need to ponder upon. We need to start recycling waste to conserve our natural resources. Recycling is simply the process of reusing the items from which utility can still be derived. It is important to recycle waste so that we can at least conserve some of our natural resources for generations to come. Many products such as paper, cardboard and cups come from trees. In fact, trees are our natural assets. By recycling the paper products we can minimise the number of trees being cut down in a year. This is one form of waste recycling. Recycling of waste papers can save our forests. One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials. One simple benefit of recycling is that it saves our resources. It will be wise to reuse metal items as metal reserves may be depleting.You can sell your worn out metal items for recycling. Recycling waste not only saves our natural resources but also helps save energy. By simply recycling an item or making a basic fix to it, we can save all the energy that would have been consumed in the process of making it. The same example can be taken with plastic items. A large amount of energy can be saved by simply reusing the plastic items. To recycle waste is to simply reduce pollution. By recycling plastic material we can reduce air pollution as well as water pollution. Plastic factories produce large amounts of smoke when producing plastic material. At the same time, if we don’t have proper waste disposal systems, those waste emissions will cause water pollution. Recycling waste in a way helps reduce pollution. To sum up, recycling minimises the need for raw materials which in turn preserves the forests. Great amounts of energy are used when making products from raw materials. Recycling requires much less energy and therefore helps to preserve natural resources. Being earth friendly can help make our planet become a better place to live in. I. Choose the right answer. 1. What is the passage about? [] A. eliminating pollution B. energy conservation C. protecting biodiversity D. recycling waste UNIT 8 92

A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH 2. Which of the following is harmful to our forests? [ ] A. over-use of papers B. reducing pollution C. planting more trees D. re-use of papers II. Answer the following questions. 1. What is recycling? A. 2. How can recycling of waste papers save our forests? A. 3. How does recycling waste help reduce pollution? A. III. Write the meaning of the following words from the passage. 1. ponder - 2. disposal - IV. Write the opposites of the following words from the passage. 1. preserve x 2. minimise x UNIT 8 93

Vocabulary A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH Session 11 I. Correct the errors in the numbered sentences and write them down. (1) You know how old I am? (2) I am 4.6 billion years older, much older than your father, your grandfather and any of your great grandfathers. I give you food to eat, like rice, wheat, and fruits. (3)You also wear clothes made of cotton and live in houses made with leaves, wood, and bricks; all of which come from me. (4) Long ago, humans use to worship me as a goddess and they used to carefor me. (5) But now they have big axes to cut my trees down; and cars and buses to pollute my air with smoke or fumes. II. Rewrite the words of the passage following the directions. They don’t respect me anymore. Your teacher must have told you how my forests and mountains help to make rain and keep life on earth going. But nowadays, even my mountains and forests are being destroyed. You humans are yourselves destroying my bountiful forests and making my lands barren. 1. What is the meaning of: a) bountiful b) barren A. 2. What part of speech is the word: They A. 3. Make a sentence using the word ‘yourselves’. A. 4. Many mountains and forests are being destroyed. (Change into Present Perfect Tense) A. UNIT 8 94

A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH Grammar Session 11 I. Fill in the blanks using the given choices. Write only letters (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) as your answers. The Sherpas grow potatoes, barley, garlic, and other vegetables. They also ______ (1) their yaks on the higher mountain slopes in the summer and on the lower slopes in the winter. The Sherpas use them for almost everything they ______(2). They ride them, plough ________ (3) them, and use them to carry their goods. The ________ (4) wool of these animals is made into cloth and their skins into leather boots and tents. The yaks also provide milk, fat and meat. Their ________ (5) is dried and used as a fuel instead of wood or coal. 1. (A) grace (B) grade (C) graze (D) grow 2. (A) use (B) want (C) need (D) have 3. (A) with (B) on (C) all (D) by 4. (A) rough (B) soft (C) smooth (D) hairy 5. (A) wood (B) waste (C) skin (D) dung Conventions of Writing Session 11 I. Read the following passage and rewrite it using proper punctuation marks. you humans are yourselves destroying my bountiful forests and making my lands barren dont you understand that I need them to give you enough rain without rain you will not have any food to survive UNIT 8 95

A LETTER FROM MOTHER EARTH Creative Writing Session 12 I. Collect information about a game which you would like to practise and write a summary of it. A. UNIT 8 96

Extra CCE Examination-based Material Seen Comprehension Passages Template for comprehension passages (seen) These passages or stanzas (poem) have been picked up from the lessons to strengthen the comprehending skills of the students. The CCE examination pattern advocates the in-depth learning of the central theme of every lesson. Therefore we have introduced this new Session of Comprehension Passages (textual) as a support system to the teachers. UNIT-VI Reading A A Hero 1. Read the passage carefully: Swami had always slept beside his granny in the porch. The two always had their beds side by side. Any change in this arrangement kept him trembling and awake all right. He hoped at first that father was only joking. He tried to change the topic by saying \"Father, our captain says we shall have some elders also in our cricket club. He has asked me to tell you.\" \"We'll see about that later,\" Father cut in. \"Hereafter you must sleep alone.\" Answer the following question: 1. Where did Swami always sleep? 2. How did Swami feel if at all his granny was not sleeping beside him? 3. What did Swami hope? 4. How did Swami change the topic? 5. Why did Swami try to change the topic? 97

Comprehension Passage II: Read the passage carefully. As it came near, Swami crawled out from under the bench. At once he clutched its leg and dug his teeth in. There was a painful cry 'Aiyo! Something has bitten me'. Then there was heavy tumbling and falling amidst furniture. Everyone in the house was awakened by the loud noise. In a moment, father and a servant came running with a light. Both of them fell on the burglar who lay amidst the furniture with a bleeding knee. Answer the following questions: 1. What were Swami’s thoughts about the person in the darkness? 2. What did Swami do? 3. Who fell amidst the furniture? 4. Who came running with a light? 5. Who had bitten whom? Reading B My Nasty Adventure Read the passage carefully: My plane was just about to crash. So, I grabbed my bag and Took out my big blue parachute To glide me down and land. At last, I found a spot to land. But there was a big breeze. 98

And so, I had to painfully land on these sharp pine trees. Answer the following questions: 1. Why did the boy grab his bag? 2. How did the parachute help him? 3. Did the boy find a spot to land? 4. Did he land safely? Why? 5. At last, where did he land? Reading C Learn How to Climb Trees Read the passage carefully: The tiger came towards us with a terrifying roar. I had climbed a 'runi' tree, but Har Singh could not climb up a tree as he had not learnt to climb trees when he was a boy. The tiger sprang at him and he was screaming. Now I fired the gun off into air. The tiger went away and Har Singh collapsed at the foot of the tree. Answer the following questions: 1. What came towards them? 2. Who couldn't climb the `runi` tree? 99