9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text

e) Children’s Day - _____________ Solution: a) Independence Day - Thursday b) Republic Day - Saturday c) Christmas - Wednesday d) Teacher’s Day - Thursday e) Children’s Day - Thursday Example 2: Observe the given calendar and answer the questions that follow. a) How many days are there in this month? JANUARY 2019 b) How many Sundays are there in this SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT month? 12345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 c) Which day appears 5 times? 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 d) On which day is the Republic day? 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 e) On which date is the second Saturday? Solution: a) There are 31 days in this month. b) There are four Sundays in this month. c) T uesday, Wednesday and Thursday appear five times. d) The Republic day is on a Saturday. e) The second Saturday is on 12th. Application We use the calendar on a daily basis. Events like planning holidays, conducting sports and examinations in school are a few examples. October 2019 Example 3: Renu wants to plan her holiday in October SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT from Friday to Wednesday to New Delhi. 12345 On the calendar, mark the days when 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Renu can plan her holiday. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Time 16 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 51 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

Solution: Renu’s trip will start on a Friday and end on a Wednesday. Fridays in this month: 4, 11, 18, 25 October 2019 Wednesdays in this month: 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1 2 345 Renu’s trip could be planned for 4th to 9th, 11th to 16th, 18th to 23rd or 25th to 30th 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 as marked on the calendar. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Example 4: Use the January 2019 calendar shown to answer the question. Rupali is a clerk in a bank. She has January 2019 Solution: holidays on Sundays and on the first and the third Saturdays of the month. She also SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT has holidays on the New Year’s Day and 12345 Republic Day. How many holidays does she have in the month of January? 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Republic day is on 26th January. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 New Year day is on 1st January. The first and the third Saturday falls on 5th and 19th January respectively. Sundays fall on 6th, 13th, 20th and 27thJanuary. Rupali has holidays on 1st, 5th, 6th, 13th, 19th, 20th, 26th and 27th January. Therefore, she has 8 holidays in January. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Observe the calendar for February of different years. February 2012 February 2013 February 2014 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1234 12 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3456789 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2345678 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 29 24 25 26 27 28 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 52

February 2015 February 2016 February 2017 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 1234567 123456 1234 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 29 26 27 28 February 2018 February 2019 February 2020 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 123 12 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3456789 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2345678 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 We observe that February has 29 days in the years 2012, 2016 and 2020. In the other years, February has 28 days. Every four years, an extra day is added to the month of February. This is due to the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. The Earth takes 365 days and 6 hours to go around the Sun. An ordinary year is taken as 365 days only. 6 hours put together four times make an extra day for every four years. This is added on to get the leap year. So, there are 365 + 1 = 366 days in a leap year. Example 5: Find the leap years in the following years. 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024, 2025 Solution: In a leap year, the number formed by the last two digits is an exact multiple of 4. In 2020, the number formed by the last two digits is 20, which is a multiple of 4. In 2021, the number formed by the last two digits is 21, which is not a multiple of 4. In 2022, 22 is not a multiple of 4. In 2024, 24 is a multiple of 4. In 2025, 25 is not a multiple of 4. Thus, 2020 and 2024 are the leap years. Time 18 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 53 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

Example 6: How many days were there from Christmas 2010 to Christmas 2011? Solution: 2011 was not a leap year. So, the number of days from Christmas 2010 to Christmas 2011 was 365. Concept 7.2: Read Time Correct to the Hour Think Farida’s teacher taught her to read time. She now knows the units of time. Farida reads time when her father moves the hands of a clock to different numbers. Can you also read time from a clock? Recall We learnt that the long hand on the clock shows minutes and the short hand shows hours. In some clocks, we see another hand, thinner than the hour and the minute hands. This is the seconds hand. Let us recall reading time from a clock. a) 7 o’clock is _______________ hours more than 4 o’clock. b) The _______________ hand takes one hour to go around the clock. c) The _______________ hand is the shortest hand on the clock. d) The time is _______________ when both the hour hand and the minute hand are on 12. e) 2 hours before 10 o’clock is _______________. & Remembering and Understanding We see numbers 1 to 12 on the clock. These numbers are for counting hours. There are 60 parts or small lines between these numbers. They stand for minutes. The minute hand takes 1 hour to go around the clock face once. 1 hour is equal to 60 minutes. The minute hand takes 5 minutes to go from one number to the next number on the clock face. 19 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 54

We multiply the number to which the minute hand points by 5 to get the minutes. For example, the minute hand in the figure is at 6. So, it denotes 6 × 5 = 30 minutes past the hour (here, after 3). Therefore, the time is read as 3:30. The hour hand takes one hour to move from one number to the other. Let us now read the time shown by these clocks. Fig. (a) Fig. (b) Fig. (c) Fig. (d) In figure (a), the minute hand is at 9. The hour hand is in between 5 and 6 . The number of minutes is 9 × 5 = 45. Thus, the time shown is 5:45. In figure (b), the minute hand is at 6. The number of minutes is 6 × 5 = 30. The hour hand is between 7 and 8. Therefore, the time shown is 7:30. In figure (c), the minute hand is at 3. The number of minutes is 3 × 5 = 15. The hour hand has just passed 9. Therefore, the time shown is 9:15. In figure (d), the minute hand is at 4. So, the number of minutes is 4 × 5 = 20. The hour hand has just passed 2. Therefore, the time shown is 2:20. Example 7: On which number is the minute hand if the time is as given? a) 35 minutes b) 15 minutes c) 40 minutes d) 30 minutes Solution: To find minutes when the minute hand is at a number, we multiply by 5. So, to get the number from the given minutes, we must divide it by 5. a) 35 ÷ 5 = 7. So, the minute hand is at 7. b) 15 ÷ 5 = 3. So, the minute hand is at 3. c) 40 ÷ 5 = 8. So, the minute hand is at 8. d) 30 ÷ 5 = 6. So, the minute hand is at 6. Time 20 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 55 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

Quarter past, half past and quarter to the hour We know that, ‘quarter’ means 1 . 4 In Fig (a), the minute hand of the clock has travelled a quarter of an hour. So, we call it quarter past the hour. The time shown is 2:15 or 15 minutes past 2 or quarter past 2. Fig. (a) Fig. (b) ‘Half’ means 1 Fig. (c) 2 In Fig. (b), the minute hand has travelled half the clock after an hour. So, we call it half past the hour. The time shown is 2:30 or 30 minutes past 2 or half past 2. In Fig. (c), the minute hand has to travel a quarter of the clock before it completes one hour. We call it quarter to the hour. The time shown is 7:45 or 45 minutes past 7 or quarter to 8. Example 8: Read the time in each of the given clocks and write it in two different ways. Solved Solve these Fig. (a) Fig. (b) Fig. (c) Fig. (d) The hour hand is The hour hand is The hour hand is The hour hand is between 3 and 4. between _____ and between _____ and between _____ and _____. The minutes _____. The minutes _____. The minutes So, the minutes are are after ____hours. are after ____hours. are after ____hours. after 3 hours. The The minute hand The minute hand The minute hand minute hand is at is at _____. So, is at _____. So, is at _____. So, 6. So, the time is 30 the time is _____ the time is _____ the time is _____ minutes after 3. We minutes after _____. minutes after _____. minutes after _____. write it as 3:30 or We write it as _____ We write it as _____ We write it as _____ half past 3. or _____. or _____. or _____. 21 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 56

Application We have learnt how to read the time. Now let us draw hands on the clocks when the time is given. Example 9: Draw the hands of a clock to show the given time. a) 1:15 b) 6:15 c) 7:30 d) 9:45 Solution: To draw the hands of a clock, first note the minutes. If the minutes are between 1 and 30, draw the hour hand between the given hour and the next. But care should be taken to draw it closer to the given hour. If the minutes are between 30 and 60, draw the hour hand closer to the next hour. Then, draw the minute hand on the number that shows the given minutes. a) b) c) d) Example 10: Draw the hands of a clock to show the given time. a) Quarter to 7 b) Half past 4 Solution: a) b) Time 22 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 57 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) We have learnt to read and show time, exact to minutes and hours. Let us now learn to find the length of time between two given times. Example 11: The clocks given show the start time and the end time of the Maths class. How long was the class? Solution: The start time is 10:00 and the end time is 10:45. The difference in the given times = 10:45 – 10:00 = 45 minutes Therefore, the length of the Maths class was 45 minutes. Example 12: Sanjay spends an hour between 4:30 and 5:30 for different activities. The start time for each activity is as shown. Train My Brain playing drinking milk homework TV on TV off Read the clocks and answer the following questions. a) When did Sanjay begin drinking milk? b) For how long did he play? c) For how long did he watch TV? d) When did he switch off the TV? Solution: From the given figures, a) Sanjay began drinking milk at 4:45. 23 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 58

b) S anjay began playing at 4:30 and ended at 4:45. So, he played for a quarter hour (15 minutes) as 4:45 – 4:30 = 15 minutes. c) The time for which he watched TV was 5:30 – 5:20 = 10 minutes. d) Sanjay switched off the TV at 5:30. The time between two given times is called the length of time. It is also called time duration or time interval. It is given by the difference of end time and start time. Drill Time Concept 7.1: Read a Calendar 1) Observe the calendar and answer the following questions. a) How many weekends and weekdays are 2020 JANUARY there in the month shown in the calendar? SUN MON TUES WED THU FRI SAT (Consider Saturday and Sunday as weekend 1234 days.) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 b) W rite the day and date before two days of 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 the fourth Saturday of January. 26 27 28 29 30 31 c) On which day does the month end? 2) Word Problems a) Raju bought a new dress on 1st September. 2019 SEPTEMBER He bought another new dress 10 days after SUN MON TUES WED THU FRI SAT first day of the same month. On which date 1 2 34567 did he buy the other dress? 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 b) Shane’s birthday was on 2nd September. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 What is the date, if he celebrated it on the 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 same day of the third week. 29 30 c) A rif solved problems from one chapter of his book on 9th of September. He solved problems from the next chapter 5 days later. On which day did he solve problems from the next chapter? Concept 7.2: Read Time Correct to the Hour 3) Draw the hands of the clock to show the given time. a) Half past 2 b) 4:15 c) Quarter to 12 d) 4:25 e) 6:20 Time 24 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 59 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

4) What is the time shown on each of these clocks? 5) Word problems a) On which number is the minute hand if the time is as given? A) 25 minutes B) 45 minutes C) 20 minutes D) 50 minutes b) The start time of Ram’s activities are shown in these figures. wake up brush have bath Wear uniform study breakfast From the figures, answer the following questions. A) When did Ram wake up? B) How much time did Ram spend for wearing his school uniform? C) When did Ram start studying? D) At what time did Ram had his breakfast? 25 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 60

Chapter Division 8 Let Us Learn About • equal grouping and sharing. • repeated subtraction and division facts. • dividing 2-digit number by 1-digit number. • checking the correctness of division. Concept 8.1: Division as Equal Grouping Think Farida and Piyush got a chocolate bar with 14 pieces for Christmas. Piyush divided it and gave Farida 6 pieces. Do you think Farida got an equal share? How can we find out? Recall In the previous chapter, we have learnt multiplication. Multiplication is finding the total number of objects that have been grouped equally. Let us use this to distribute objects equally in groups. Consider 12 bars of chocolate. The different ways in which they can be distributed are as follows. NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 61 26 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

Distributing in 1 group: 1 × 12 = 12 Distributing in 2 groups: 2 × 6 = 12 Distributing in 3 groups: 3 × 4 = 12 Distributing in 4 groups: 4 × 3 = 12 Distributing in 6 groups: 6 × 2 = 12 Distributing in 12 groups: 12 × 1 = 12 Distributing a given number of objects into equal groups is called division. We can understand division better by using equal sharing and equal grouping. & Remembering and Understanding Equal sharing means having equal number of objects or things in a group. We use division to find the number of things in a group and the number of groups. 27 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 62

Suppose 9 balloons are to be shared 1st round: 1 balloon is taken by each equally among 3 friends. Let us use friend. repeated subtraction to distribute the balloons. 9 – 3 = 6. So, 6 balloons remain. 2nd round: From the remaining 6 balloons, 3rd round: From the remaining 3 balloons, 1 more balloon is taken by each friend. 1 more balloon is taken by each friend. Now, each friend has 2 balloons. Now, each of them has 3 balloons. 6 – 3 = 3. So, 3 balloons remain. 3 – 3 = 0. So, 0 balloons remain. Each friend gets 3 balloons. We can write it as 9 divided by 3 equals 3. 9 divided by 3 equals 3 is written as ↓ ↓ ↓ Total Number of Number of number of objects in each groups objects group Quotient Dividend Divisor Division 28 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 63 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

In a division, the number that is divided is called the dividend. The number that divides is called the divisor. The answer in division is called the quotient. The number (part of the dividend) that remains is called the remainder. The symbol for ‘is divided by’ is ÷. 9 ÷ 3 = 3 is called a division fact. In this, 9 is the dividend, 3 is the divisor and 3 is the quotient. Note: Representing the dividend, divisor and quotient using the symbols ÷ and = is called a division fact. We use multiplication tables to find the quotient in a division. We find the factor which when multiplied by the divisor gives the dividend. Let us understand this through a few examples. Example 1: 18 pens are to be shared equally by 3 children. How many pens does each of them get? Solution: Total number of pens = 18 Number of children = 3 Number of pens each child gets = 18 ÷ 3 = 6 (since 6 × 3 = 18) Therefore, each child gets 6 pens. Example 2: 10 flowers are put in some vases. If each vase has 2 flowers, how many vases are used? Solution: Number of flowers = 10 Number of flowers in each vase = 2 Number of vases used = 10 ÷ 2 = 5 (since 5 × 2 = 10) Therefore, 5 vases are used to put 10 flowers. We get two division facts from a multiplication fact. The divisor and the quotient are the factors of the dividend. 29 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 64

Observe the following table: Dividend ÷ Divisor = Quotient Multiplicand × Multiplier = Product 6 × 3 = 18 18 ÷ 6 = 3 ↓↓ ↓ ↓↓ ↓ Divisor Quotient Dividend Product Factor Factor (Multiplicand) (Multiplier) From the multiplication fact 6 × 3 = 18, we can write two division facts: a) 18 ÷ 3 = 6 and b) 18 ÷ 6 = 3 Multiplication and division are reverse operations. Let us now understand this through an activity. We can show a multiplication fact on the number line. For example, 5 × 3 = 15 means 5 times 3 is 15. To show 5 times 3 on the number line, we take steps of 3 for 5 times. We go forward from 0 to 15. Similarly, we can show the division fact 15 ÷ 3 = 5 on the number line. To show 15 divided by 3 on the number line, we take steps of 3 for 5 times. We go backward from 15 to 0 as shown. Division 30 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 65 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

Application Equal sharing and equal grouping are used in some real-life situations. Consider the following situations. Example 3: 25 buttons are to be stitched on 5 shirts. If each shirt has the same number of buttons, how many buttons are there on each shirt? Solution: Total number of buttons = 25 Number of shirts = 5 The division fact for 25 buttons distributed among 5 shirts = 25 ÷ 5 = 5 Therefore, each shirt has 5 buttons on it. Example 4: 24 marbles are to be divided among 4 friends. How many marbles will each friend get? Solution: Total number of marbles = 24 Number of friends = 4 Number of marbles each friend will get = 24 ÷ 4 = 6 Therefore, each friend will get 6 marbles. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Division is used in many situations in our day-to-day lives. Let us see some examples. Example 5: Aman spends 14 hours a week for tennis practice. He spends 21 hours a week for doing homework and 48 hours a week at school. How much time does he spend in a day for these activities? (Hint: 1 week = 7 days. The school works for 6 days a week.) Solution: Time spent for tennis practice per day = 14 hours ÷ 7 = 2 hours Time spent for doing homework per day = 21 hours ÷ 7 = 3 hours Time spent at school per day = 48 hours ÷ 6 = 8 hours (School works for 6 days a week) Thus, the total time spent by Aman in a day for all the activities = (2 + 3 + 8) hours = 13 hours (except Sunday) 31 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 66

Example 6: Deepa shares 15 lollipops among her 5 friends. Instead, if she shares the lollipops among only 3 of them, how many more lollipops does each of them get? Solution: Number of lollipops = 15 If Deepa shares the lollipops among her five friends, the number of lollipops each of them would get = 15 ÷ 5 = 3 If Deepa shares the lollipops among only three of them, the number of lollipops each of them gets = 15 ÷ 3 = 5 Difference in the number of lollipops = 5 – 3 = 2 Therefore, her friends would get 2 more lollipops. Concept 8.2: Divide 2-digit and 3-digit Numbers by 1-digit Numbers Think Farida has 732 stickers. She wants to distribute them equally among her three friends. How will she distribute? Recall In the previous section, we have learnt that division is related to multiplication. For every division fact, we can write two multiplication facts. For example, the two multiplication facts of 35 ÷ 7 = 5 are: a) 7 × 5 = 35 and b) 5 × 7 = 35. Let us answer these to recall the concept of division. a) The number which divides a given number is called _________________. b) The answer we get when we divide a number by another is called ______________________. c) The division facts for the multiplication fact 2 × 4 = 8 are ________________ and __________________. Division 32 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 67 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

& Remembering and Understanding We can make equal shares or groups and divide with the help of vertical arrangement. A number divided by the same number is always 1. Let us see some examples. D ividing a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number (1-digit quotient) Example 7: Solve: 45 ÷ 5 Solution: Follow these steps to divide a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Write the dividend and 5)45 Dividend = _____ Divisor = ______ )divisor as shown: Divisor Dividend Quotient = ____ Remainder = _____ Step 2: Find the multiplication fact 45 = 5 × 9 8) 56 which has the dividend and divisor. - Step 3: Write the other factor as the 9 quotient. Write the product of the factors below the dividend. 5)45 − 45 Step 4: Subtract the product 9 4) 36 Dividend = _____ from the dividend and write the Divisor = ______ difference below the product. 5)45 - Quotient = ____ This difference is called the Remainder = _____ remainder. − 45 00 45 = Dividend 5 = Divisor 9 = Quotient 0 = Remainder Note: If the remainder is zero, the divisor is said to divide the dividend exactly. Checking for correctness of division: The multiplication fact of the division is used to check its correctness. Step 1: Compare the remainder and divisor. The remainder must always be less than the divisor. 33 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 68

Step 2: Check if (Quotient × Divisor) + Remainder = Dividend Let us now check if our division in example 7 is correct or not. Step 1: Remainder < Divisor 0 < 5 (True) Step 2: Quotient × Divisor 9×5 Step 3: (Quotient × Divisor) + Remainder = Dividend 45 + 0 = 45 = Dividend Note: The division is incorrect if: a) Remainder > or = divisor b) (Quotient × Divisor) + Remainder ≠ Dividend 2-digit quotient In the examples we have seen so far, the quotients are 1-digit numbers. In some divisions, the quotients may be 2-digit numbers. Let us see some examples. Example 8: Solve: 57 ÷ 3 Solution: Follow these steps to divide a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Check if the tens digit of the dividend is greater than the divisor. 5>3 5) 60 Step 2: Divide the tens and write the quotient. 1 − Write the product of quotient and divisor, below the tens digit of the dividend. 3)57 − Step 3: Subtract and write the difference −3 Step 4: Check if difference < divisor is true. 1 Dividend = _____ Divisor = ______ 3)57 Quotient = ____ Remainder = ___ −3 2 2 < 3 (True) Division 34 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 69 1/7/2019 2:26:07 PM

Steps Solved Solve these Step 5: Bring down the ones digit of the 1 3) 42 dividend and write it beside the remainder. 3)57 − − − 3↓ 27 Step 6: Find the largest number in the 3 × 8 = 24 1 multiplication table of the divisor that can be subtracted from the 2-digit number in )3 × 9 = 27 3 57 the previous step. 3 × 10 = 30 24 < 27 < 30. − 3↓ So, 27 is the 27 required number. Step 7: Write the factor of required number, 19 Dividend = _____ other than the divisor, as the quotient. Write Divisor = ______ the product of the divisor and the quotient 3)57 Quotient = ____ below the 2-digit number. Subtract and Remainder = ___ write the difference. − 3↓ 27 Step 8: Check if remainder < divisor is true. Stop the division. − 27 00 0 < 3 (True) (If this is false, the division is incorrect.) QReumotaieinndte=Trr1=a90in My Brain Step 9: Write the quotient and the remainder. Step 10: Check if (Divisor × Quotient) + 3 × 19 + 0 = 57 Remainder = Dividend is true. 57 + 0 = 57 57 = 57 (True) (If this is false, the division is incorrect.) Divide 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers (2-digit quotient) Dividing a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number is similar to dividing a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number. Let us understand this through a few examples. Example 9: Solve: a) 265 ÷ 5 Solution: Follow these steps to divide a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number. 35 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 70

Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Check if the hundreds digit of 4) 244 the dividend is greater than the divisor. 5)265 − If it is not, consider the tens digit too. 2 is not greater than 5. So, consider 26. Step 2: Find the largest number that 5 − can be subtracted from the 2-digit number of the dividend. Write the 5)265 Dividend = _____ quotient. Divisor = ______ − 25 Quotient = ____ Remainder = ___ Write the product of the quotient and 5 × 4 = 20 the divisor below the dividend. 5 × 5 = 25 9) 378 5 × 6 = 30 Step 3: Subtract and write the − difference. 25 < 26 − 5 5)265 − 25 1 Step 4: Check if difference < divisor 1 < 5 (True) is true. (If it is false, the division is incorrect.) Step 5: Bring down the ones digit 5 of the dividend. Write it beside the remainder. 5)265 Step 6: Find the largest number in the − 25↓ multiplication table of the divisor that 15 can be subtracted from the 2-digit number in the previous step. 5 5)265 − 25↓ 15 5 × 2 = 10 5 × 3 = 15 5 × 4 = 20 15 is the required number. Division 36 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 71 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Steps Solved Solve these Step 7: Write the factor of required 53 number, other than the divisor, as Dividend = _____ quotient. Write the product of divisor 5)265 Divisor = ______ and quotient below the 2-digit Quotient = ____ number. Then, subtract them. − 25↓ Remainder = ___ 15 Step 8: Check if remainder < divisor is true. Stop the division. (If this is false, − 15 the division is incorrect.) 00 0 < 5 (True) Step 9: Write the quotient and Quotient = 53 remainder. Remainder = 0 Step 10: Check if (Divisor × Quotient) + 5 × 53 + 0 = 265 Remainder = Dividend is true. (If this is 265 + 0 = 265 false, the division is incorrect.) 265 = 265 (True) 3-digit quotient Example 10: Solve: 784 by 7 Solution: Follow these steps to divide a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number. Steps Solved Solve these Step 1: Check if the hundreds digit of the dividend is greater than or equal to the 7)784 8) 984 divisor. Step 2: Divide the hundreds and write the 7=7 − quotient in the hundreds place. 1 − Write the product of the quotient and the divisor under the hundreds place of the 7)784 − dividend. −7 37 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 72

Steps Solved Solve these Step 3: Subtract and write the difference. Dividend = _____ 1 Divisor = ______ Quotient = ____ 7)784 Remainder = ___ −7 5) 965 0 − Step 4: Check if difference < divisor is true. 0 < 7 (True) Step 5: Bring down the next digit of the 1 − dividend. Check if it is greater than or − equal to the divisor. 7)7 84 Dividend = _____ − 7↓ Divisor = ______ 08 Quotient = ____ 8>7 Remainder = ___ Step 6: Find the largest number in the 11 multiplication table of the divisor that can be subtracted from the 2-digit number in 7)784 the previous step. − 7↓ Write the factor other than the divisor as 08 quotient. −7 Write the product of the quotient and the divisor below it. 7×1=7<8 The required number is 7. Step 7: Subtract and write the difference. 11 Bring down the next digit (ones digit) of the dividend. 7)784 Check if the dividend is greater than or − 7↓ equal to the divisor. 08 −7 14 14 > 7 Division 38 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 73 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Steps Solved Solve these Step 8: Find the largest number in the multiplication table of the divisor that can 112 2) 246 be subtracted from the 2-digit number in the previous step. 7)784 − Write the factor other than the divisor as − the quotient. − 7↓ − Write the product of the quotient and the 08 divisor below it. Dividend = _____ −7 Divisor = ______ Step 9: Subtract and write the difference. 14 Quotient = ____ Check if it is less than the divisor. Stop the Remainder = ___ division. − 14 Step 10: Write the quotient and the 7 × 2 = 14 remainder. The required Step 11: Check if (Divisor × Quotient) + number is 14. Remainder = Dividend is true. (If it is false, the division is incorrect.) 112 7)784 − 7↓ 08 −7 14 − 14 00 Quotient = 112 Remainder = 0 7 × 112 + 0 = 784 784 + 0 = 784 784 = 784 (True) Application Division of 2-digit numbers and 3-digit numbers is used in many real-life situations. Let us consider a few examples. Example 11: A school has 634 students, who are equally grouped into 4 houses. How many students are there in a house? Are there any students who are not grouped into a house? 39 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 74

Solution: Number of students = 634 158 Number of houses = 4 Number of students in a house = 634 ÷ 4 4)634 − 4↓ 23 Number of students in each house = 158 − 20 The remainder in the division is 2. 34 Therefore, 2 students are not grouped into any house. − 32 02 Example 12: A football game had 99 spectators. If each row has only 9 seats, how Solution: many rows would the spectators occupy? 11 Number of spectators = 99 9) 99 Number of seats in each row = 9 − 9↓ Number of rows occupied by the spectators = 99 ÷ 9 = 11 09 Therefore, 11 rows were occupied by the spectators. −9 0 Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) In all the division sums we have seen so far, we did not have a 0 (zero) in dividend or quotient. When a dividend has a zero, we place a 0 in the quotient in the corresponding place. Then, get the next digit of the dividend down and continue the division. Let us now understand division of numbers that have a 0 (zero) in dividend or quotient, through these examples. Example 13: Solve: 505 ÷ 5 Solution: Follow these steps for division of numbers having 0 in dividend. Solved Solve this 101 4) 804 5)505 − − 5↓ − 00 − − 00 05 − 05 00 Division 40 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 75 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Drill Time Concept 8.1: Division as Equal Grouping 1) Divide the number in equal groups. a) 16 in 4 equal groups b) 18 in 9 equal groups c) 20 in 5 equal groups d) 32 in 8 equal groups e) 10 in 2 equal groups 2) Word Problems a) 26 students are to be divided into 2 groups. How many students will be there in each group? b) 14 pencils must be distributed among 7 children. How many pencils will each student receive? Concept 8.2: Divide 2-digit and 3-digit Numbers by 1-digit Numbers 3) Divide 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers (1-digit quotient). a) 12 ÷ 2 b) 24 ÷ 6 c) 36 ÷ 6 d) 40 ÷ 8 e) 10 ÷ 5 4) Divide 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers (2-digit quotient). a) 12 ÷ 1 b) 99 ÷ 3 c) 48 ÷ 2 d) 65 ÷ 5 e) 52 ÷ 4 5) Divide 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers (2-digit quotient). a) 123 ÷ 3 b) 102 ÷ 2 c) 497 ÷ 7 d) 111 ÷ 3 e) 256 ÷ 4 6) Divide 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers (3-digit quotient). a) 456 ÷ 2 b) 112 ÷ 1 c) 306 ÷ 3 d) 448 ÷ 4 e) 555 ÷ 5 7) Word Problems a) 260 chocolates have to be equally distributed among 4 students. How many chocolates will each student receive? b) T here are 24 people in a bus. Each row in the bus can seat 2 people. How many rows in the bus are occupied? 41 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 76

EVS−I (Science) Contents Class 3 7 Sources of Light�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 8 Composition of Air��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 9 Stems and Leaves��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 1 0 Uses of Animals������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 11 Inside the Lab – B��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 Activity B1: My Lava Lamp Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 77 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Lesson Sources of Light 7 Let Us Learn About R natural and artificial sources of light. U discovery of fire as a source of light. A electricity as a source of light. H light as heat. Think Nowadays, we see electric bulbs everywhere. What did your grandparents use to light up their homes when they were young? Remembering Our eyes help us to see the things around us. But why are we unable to see in the dark? This is because our eyes can help us to see things only in the presence of light. Where do we get light from? We get light from two different sources: Natural sources: These sources include Artificial sources or man-made sources: heavenly bodies like the Sun and the The artificial sources of light are made stars. by human beings. They include electric bulbs, kerosene lamps, oil lamps, candles and so on. 1 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 78 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Examples of natural sources of light: Examples of artificial sources of light: electric bulb kerosene lamp the stars the Sun oil lamp candle Understanding In ancient times, there were no artificial sources of light. Human beings could only hunt and gather food during the day time. Then, humans discovered fire by rubbing flint. flint This helped them to get light even after sunset. They could also guard their caves from dangerous animals with the help of fire. Earlier, humans would burn firewood for light. Time went on. Then they started using oil lamps, candles and lanterns like we do today. After the discovery of electricity, humans started using electric lamps as a source of light. Sources of Light 2 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 79 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Application What type of sources of light should we use? We should try to use sunlight, which is the main source of natural light, to the maximum. It is the cheapest source of light. We can use solar panels to capture light and convert it to electricity. This electricity can be used to light our homes in the night. solar panels Artificial sources of light like electric bulbs need electricity to give out light. This electricity is limited. So, we should use light sources which use less electricity. For example, LED bulbs, tube lights and CFL bulbs. Moreover, we should switch off the lights when not LED and CFL bulbs in use. kerosene Some artificial sources of light cause harm to the environment. For lamp example, kerosene lamps give out smoke. We should try to avoid the use of such harmful sources. Amazing Facts Have you seen fireflies? They are insects that give out light from their bodies. Some aquatic animals like jellyfish also give out light. jellyfish firefly Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Many light sources also give us heat. We use fire for cooking as it provides heat. We can use sunlight for heating water and cooking food with the help of solar heater and solar cooker. solar water heater solar cooker 3 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 80

Lesson Composition of Air 8 Let Us Learn About R air as a mixture. U sources of components of air. A air pollution. H t he bad effects of burning firecrackers. Think Arjun woke up early in the morning to go to school. He found that the air was fresh and cool. When he came back from school in the afternoon, he felt the air was not so fresh and cool. Do you know why? Remembering We know that air is all around us. Air is a mixture of different gases. Gases are substances that can move around freely. Gases do not have any shape of their own. They can fill any available space of any shape. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are the main gases present in the air. Air is mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and some other gases are present in smaller amounts. Air also contains water vapour, which is the gaseous form of water, and some dust. Clean air does not have any smell or colour. NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 81 4 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Understanding We have learnt that air contains different gases. Let us find out the sources of these gases. We all need air to breathe. All animals breathe in oxygen and carbon give out carbon dioxide. At dioxide the same time, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air to oxygen make their food. They give out oxygen during this process. In this way, the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the sources of oxygen and carbon dioxide in air air are maintained. What will happen to this balance, if we cut trees unnecessarily? We know that water vapour in the air comes from different water bodies. Once the air gets filled with water vapour, it changes into water droplets and falls as rain. Application Sometimes the air gets filled with smoke and dust. The presence of such harmful substances in the air is called air pollution. Substances which make the air dirty (or pollute the air) are called pollutants. Let us find out the sources of these pollutants. When we burn firewood or a kerosene lamp, it gives out firewood kerosene smoke. Smoke from vehicles and factories also pollutes lamp the air. Vehicles also blow up dust in the air. Carbon dioxide is useful at very low levels. But when its amount increases above normal levels, it becomes a pollutant. Any colour or bad smell of air shows air pollution. vehicles factory Polluted air is unhealthy. It may damage our lungs and eyes. It makes us feel tired and sick. 5 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 82

If the air is polluted, we should wear masks. Masks filter the air and allow only clean air to enter our nose. How can we keep the air clean? 1) Plant trees: Plants absorb carbon dioxide and give out child wearing a mask oxygen. They help to keep the air clean and healthy. So, we feel fresh when we are in a field, garden or a forest. It is, therefore, important to plant trees. 2) Use smoke-free lamps and stoves: We should avoid using cooking stoves and lamps which give out smoke. 3) Stop burning garbage: We should not burn garbage in our neighbourhood. Plastics in the garbage give out harmful gases on burning. 4) Use well-maintained vehicles: Vehicles that are not maintained or are old give out harmful gases. Amazing Facts As we go higher, the level of oxygen in the air decreases. So, the people who climb mountains carry oxygen cylinders with them. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) People burst firecrackers (crackers) on festivals and special occasions. Do you think firecrackers are good for the environment? Firecrackers are made up of chemicals which catch fire easily. They make a lot of noise. They also add harmful smoke to the air causing air pollution. People who make firecrackers in factories suffer from skin and lung problems. firecrackers people who make firecrackers It is dangerous to work in places where they are made or stored. Still, at some places, even small children are forced to work in firecracker factories. We should, therefore, stop bursting firecrackers. Composition of Air 6 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 83 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Lesson Stems and Leaves 9 Let Us Learn About R different types of stems and leaves. U functions of stems and leaves. A uses of stems and leaves. H why plants shed leaves. Think Nitin’s teacher showed him four types of leaves. She asked him to find the difference between them. What differences did Nitin find? Remembering You have learnt about various types of plants. You have also learnt that a plant has different parts. Now, let us learn about the stems and leaves of plants in detail. THE STEM stem leaf The stem is usually seen above the ground. It is generally green when young and later becomes woody and dark brown. The stem is different in different types of plants. 7 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 84

The stem of a big tree is called the trunk. tree trunk stem with stem without Stems may be with branches or without branches branches branches. For example, mango trees have branches but coconut trees have no branches. Stems are usually erect, but in some plants they can be creeping or twisted. For example, pumpkin plants have creeping stems. The stem of the rose plant has thorns on it. creeper stem thorns on a hair on the In some plants, stems are covered with of pumpkin rose stem stem of a tulsi small hair. plant The stem of the bamboo is smooth, while the stem of the mango tree is rough. We have learnt about the different types of stems in plants. Now, let us learn about the different kinds of leaves. THE LEAVES bamboo stems rough stem or bark Leaves are important parts of plants, just like the of a mango tree stems. They are of different size, shape and colour. Shapes Arrangement Edges They are arranged in different ways in different hand plants. shaped Let us take a look at some leaves. spear simple smooth Banana plants have big leaves and tulsi plants shaped have small ones. heart toothed shaped Peepal trees have heart-shaped leaves. Lotus plants have round ones. round compound Some leaves have toothed edges. needle Example: neem Some leaves have a special smell. compound lobed Example: tulsi different types of leaves Understanding We have learnt about different types of stems and leaves. But, why do plants need stems and leaves? Stems and Leaves 8 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 85 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Let us see how stems and leaves are helpful to plants. Functions OF STEMS 1) The stem allows the plant to stand upright and holds up the branches and leaves. It holds the leaves in such a way that they can get maximum sunlight. trunk helps the tree 2) The stem carries water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. It to stand upright carries food prepared in the leaves to the different parts of the plant. 3) Some stems store food for the plant. Example: sugar cane FUNCTIONS OF LEAVES sugar cane Plants need food to live. Leaves make food for the plant. They also help plants to breathe. How do leaves make food? To make food, leaves need sunlight, water sunlight oxygen and carbon dioxide gas. They use the carbon water carbon dioxide dioxide gas from the air. Water from the roots reach the leaves through the stem. In the presence of sunlight, leaves combine water and carbon dioxide to make food. During this process, they give out oxygen. So, they are called ‘the kitchen of the plant’ or ‘food factory of the plant’. Application We have learnt about the functions of stems and leaves. Now, let us see how we use stems and leaves in our day-to-day life. Uses of stems Some stems are used: • as food, for example, potato and onion. The sugar cane stem is used to make juice, sugar and jaggery. • to make furniture as they are hard and strong. Teak and mahogany are a few examples. • to make useful things like rubber and jute. The milky juice from the stem of the rubber tree is used to make rubber. The stem of the jute plant is used to make jute. We make ropes and bags using jute. 9 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 86 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

• to make medicines. Example: tulsi, neem Uses of leaves Some leaves are used: • as food. Leafy vegetables such as spinach and fenugreek (methi) are some examples. Leaves of the tea plant are used to make tea. • as spices in cooking. Example: bay leaves, coriander • to make medicines, for example, the leaves of the tulsi and neem plants. • to cook and serve food. Example: turmeric leaf, banana leaf • as decorations during festivals and special occasions. bay leaves cooking food using a leaf serving food on a leaf Amazing Facts The green colour of leaves is due to a substance called chlorophyll. Leaves turn brown due to a substance called tannin. Tannin also gives the colour to your tea. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) During the winter season, some trees shed all their leaves. Leaves of some trees also change their colour. Do you know why they do so? Try to find out. shedding of leaves leaves changing colours There are some trees where leaves are not in their normal cactus plant with spines form. For example, cactus plant. The leaves of cactus are reduced to spines. Stems and Leaves 10 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 87 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Lesson Uses of Animals 10 Let Us Learn About r animal products. u trained animals. a people who depend on animals for their livelihood. h kindness towards animals. Think Have you ever wondered where we get woollen clothes from? Or where does the milk that you drink every morning come from? Remembering We find many animals around us. Some of them are very useful. Animals give us food and other things that we can use. Let us see how animals are useful to us: Some animals and birds provide food. Animals such as cows, buffaloes and goats give milk. They are called milch animals. We use milk to drink and to prepare milk products/dairy products. Curd, butter, ghee and cheese are some milk products. milk and milk products cow buffalo 11 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 88 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Birds such as hens and ducks give us We get honey from honeycombs. We eggs. The meat of various animals use honey in food and as medicine. and birds is used as food. hen eggs meat honeycomb honey Some aquatic (water) animals such as fish and prawns are also used as food. Animals like sheep and rabbit give us wool. Wool is used to make woollen clothes. They protect us from the cold. fish prawns We get leather from the skin of animals sheep wool woollen such as cows, pigs, goats, sheep, clothes crocodiles and kangaroos. Bags, purses and belts are made from leather. We get Lac insects give us lac. It is used to fur from the skin of some animals such as make dyes. It is also used to make minks, foxes and rabbits. Fur is also used bangles. to make purses and coats. lac lac lac bangles insect leather from bags, purses, Silkworms give us silk threads. They are animal skin shoes, belts used to make silk cloth. silkworm silk thread silk cloth animal fur fur coat Oyster, a kind of sea animal, gives us Animal waste is used to produce pearls. cooking gas. In village areas, dried cow dung is used instead of firewood. oyster pearls dried cow dung used as firewood Uses of Animals 12 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 89 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM

Understanding We have learnt about the useful things we get from animals. Now, let us discuss about some other uses of animals. Some animals are trained to help humans in their work and transport. 1) Animals like horses, elephants and camels are trained to carry people and goods. Horses and bullocks pull carts. There are some places where modern modes of transport do not work. In such places animals like mules and camels help us in transport. Mules are trained to climb hills carrying goods. horse cart animals used for riding mules carrying goods camels in the desert Camels can move across the desert sand easily. They are called the ship of the desert. 2) Dogs are trained to help us in many ways. Police train dogs to catch thieves or to smell bombs. Dogs can be trained to guard our houses. They can be trained to help people with special needs like the blind people. police dog guard dog guide dog 13 1/7/2019 2:26:08 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 90

3) Some animals are trained to help us in farm work. bullocks used in farm 4) In a circus, wild animals like elephants, monkeys and parrots are trained to do tricks. Sea animals like dolphins are also trained to perform in front of people. Nowadays, to stop animal cruelty, a circus is not allowed in many countries. monkeys entertaining people talking parrot trained dolphin Application We have seen various uses of animals in the form of products, transport and safety. Many people depend on animals for their work. Let us see how. People like milkmen and fishermen depend on animals for their livelihood. Some people rear goats and sheep for their milk and meat. To rear is to take care of animals until they are fully grown. People rear birds like hens and ducks for their meat and eggs. It is called poultry farming. fish farming goat farming poultry farming Snake charmers perform tricks using snakes to earn money. Some people train monkeys and use them to perform tricks. Have you seen such animal charmers? How do you feel when you look at those animals? Human beings used to hunt wild animals for food since ancient times. We came to know about it through rock paintings. Have you seen any such ancient rock paintings? Uses of Animals 14 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 91 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM

snake charmer monkey charmer ancient rock painting Amazing Facts An Indian sheep can yield about 5 kg wool per year. This roughly means that every year the wool got from each Indian sheep can be used to make fourteen sweaters. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) So far, we have seen that animals are very useful to us. In our country, people worship animals like cows, elephants, snakes and so on. This is to respect their usefulness to us. We should treat all animals with kindness. We should not hurt them. We should take care of the animals around us. Here are some ways to take care of animals: 1) We should give enough food and water to the animals we rear. We should keep them in clean and airy shelters. 2) We should not put heavy loads on the animals used for transport. We should not beat them. 3) We should not hurt the animals while training them. 4) We should keep them healthy and get an animal doctor (veterinarian) to check them regularly. These days, killing wild animals for their skin, fur, nails, horns or tusks is not allowed as per the law. Keeping them in a cage is also not allowed. 15 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 92 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM

Inside the Lab – B Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity B1: My Lava Lamp A lava lamp is a tube-shaped light. It has a coloured, oily liquid inside it that flows up and down. Let us try to build a lava lamp. It is very easy and a lot of fun! You will need: a cup of water, a clear plastic bottle, vegetable oil, food colouring, ENO fruit salt (or other antacid tablets) and glitter (optional). You need to: 1) pour water into the plastic bottle until it is around one-quarter full. lava lamps 2) pour the vegetable oil until the bottle is nearly full. 3) wait until the oil and water have separated from each other. 4) add around twelve drops of food colouring to the bottle. You can add glitter too. 5) watch as the food colouring goes through the oil and mixes with the water. 6) add some ENO into the bottle; things should start getting a little crazy, just like a real lava lamp! 7) add some more ENO when the bubbling stops and enjoy the changes. 8) shine a torch behind or underneath your lava lamp to see it glow. How do you get the movement inside the lava lamp? When we add ENO, it mixes with water to form carbon dioxide gas. This gas causes colour bursts and movements inside the lava lamp. [Note: Oral intake of ENO or antacid tablets should be strictly avoided during the activity.] NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 93 16 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM

Activity B2: Leaves Leaves Everywhere! We see many different types of leaves Shapes Arrangement Edges around us. They differ in colour, shape, smooth size, arrangement and so on. hand toothed shaped Go on a nature walk to a local park or a garden in your school premises to see spear simple the different types of leaves. shaped You will need: heart shaped a paper bag, a pencil, an eraser and a set of colour pencils. compound round You need to: needle 1) take a paper bag and collect as compound lobed many types of leaves as you can. different types of leaves 2) make sure that you pick 3–4 leaves of the same plant. 3) group all the leaves by shapes, arrangements and edges (as shown in the picture). 4) trace the shapes of the leaves in your notebook. 5) colour the leaves with your favourite colours. Show your colourful leaf journal to your friends. trace and paint leaves 17 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 94

EVS−II (Social Studies) Contents Class 3 4 India’s Physical Features���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 5 Parts of India and Its Government������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 6 Languages, Food and Clothing��������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 95 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM

Lesson India’s Physical 4 Features Let Us Learn About R the location of India. U the six regions of India. A how physical features affect the lives of people. h comparing two regions of India. Think Rashi has seen a picture of an animal that looks different from the ones that she has seen so far. She tells Meher about it. Rashi: Meher! Look at this picture of a goat. Meher: That is not a goat! It looks so different from the goats Goats in Ladakh in Pune. Maybe Morad will know more about this goat. Meher and Rashi take the picture to Morad. Morad: This is a mountain goat. It is found in the Leh and Goats in Pune Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir. Rashi: It looks so different from the goats we see in Pune. QQ. Why do the goats found in Ladakh look different from the ones found in Pune? (A) the climate of Ladakh and (B) Ladakh is not an important city Pune is different (C) Pune is closer to Mumbai, a big city (D) there is no water in Ladakh 1 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 96

Remembering Just as the states are located in India, our country is situated in the continent of Asia. It is the third-largest country in Asia. India measures about 3,214 kilometres from north to south. The length from west to east is about 2,933 kilometres. India is surrounded by the following neighbouring countries. • Afghanistan • Pakistan • China • Nepal • Bhutan • Bangladesh • Myanmar • Sri Lanka PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA To the north, India is surrounded by the Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain range. To the south, east and west, India is surrounded by water. There is a lot of variety in India’s physical features. Physical features include landforms, water bodies, and soil. Plains, mountains, plateaus, deserts and islands are examples of landforms. Based on the physical features, India can be divided into six regions. • the Northern Mountains • the Northern Plain • the Great Indian Desert • the Peninsular Plateau • the Coastal Plains • the Islands India’s Physical Features 2 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 97 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM

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Understanding THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS The Northern Mountains form a boundary between India and China. They are known as the Himalayan Mountains. Many important rivers such as the Ganga, Yamuna and Brahmaputra start from the Himalayas. Some cities and states located in the Northern Mountains Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir Dehradun, Uttarakhand Shimla, Himachal Pradesh Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh Gangtok, Sikkim THE NORTHERN PLAIN This region lies to the south of the Himalayan Mountains. The river Ganga flows through the Northern Plain. Hence, the region is also known as the Gangetic Plain. The river Yamuna also flows through this region. These rivers have made the Northern Plain excellent for farming. New Delhi, our capital, is located in the Northern Plain. Some cities and states located in the Northern Plain Rohtak, Haryana Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh Patna, Bihar THE GREAT INDIAN DESERT This region is also known as the Thar Desert. Here, the summers are very hot and the winters very cold. This region receives very little rainfall. Some cities and states located in the Great Indian Desert Jaisalmer, Rajasthan Bikaner, Rajasthan THE Peninsular PLATEAU The Peninsular Plateau is the largest region in India. It is triangular in shape. It is called the Peninsular Plateau because it covers most of the Indian peninsula. The river Narmada divides the Peninsular Plateau into two parts — the Central Highlands and India’s Physical Features 4 NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 99 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM

the Deccan Plateau. The Central Highlands lie to the north of the Narmada. Some rivers that flow through this region are Chambal, Betwa and Son. The Deccan Plateau lies to the south of the Central Highlands. It covers most parts of southern India. Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are three main rivers of the Deccan Plateau. Some cities and states located Some cities and states located in the Central Highlands in the Deccan Plateau Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Bengaluru, Karnataka Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh Hyderabad, Telangana Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh Nagpur, Maharashtra THE COASTAL PLAINS In India, there are two long stretches of coastal plains. They run along the east and the west coasts of India. They are called the Eastern Coastal Plains and the Western Coastal Plains, respectively. These plains are popular for fishing. Some cities and states located in the Coastal Plains Chennai, Tamil Nadu Puri, Odisha Mumbai, Maharashtra Panaji, Goa THE ISLANDS India has two groups of islands. They are located on either side of the coastal plains. The Lakshadweep are located in the Arabian Sea, next to the Western Coastal Plains. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal, next to the Eastern Coastal Plains. The islands are known for their natural beauty. Andaman and Nicobar Islands The Lakshadweep 349 islands 36 islands 5 1/7/2019 2:26:09 PM NR_BGM_9789386663207 MAPLE G03 INTEGRATED TEXTBOOK TERM 2_Text.pdf 100