84879_CO - 28_222310151-COMPASS-STUDENT-TEXTBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G03-PART1

CO MPASS SERIES social studies Textbook part - 1 3 Name: Learn@Home Sec�on: Roll No.: School:

Preface ClassKlap partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. Our books strive to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender and diversity in representation, catering to the heterogeneous Indian classroom. ClassKlap presents the Compass series, designed specifically to meet the requirements of the new curriculum released in November 2016 by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE). Guiding principles: The 2016 CISCE curriculum states the following as a few of its guiding principles for Social Studies teaching:  Connecting learning to life in the outside world  Integrating Social Studies with other subjects across the curriculum and arts  Using meaningful contexts to develop interpersonal and life skills  Making assessment for learning an integral part of the teaching-learning process  Ensuring active participation of children by using a variety of activities and tasks Each of these principles resonates with the spirit in which the ClassKlap textbooks, workbooks and teacher companion books have been designed. The ClassKlap team of pedagogy experts has carried out an intensive mapping exercise to create a framework based on the CISCE curriculum document. Key features of ClassKlap Compass series:  CISCE framework  Develops the knowledge and skills necessary for informed and thoughtful participation in society  Introduces children to timelines and historical maps in order to help them develop timeline, map and globe skills  Helps in developing observation, reporting, analysis and critical-thinking skills  Promotes awareness and personal responsibility through dialogue and enquiry about the world around them  Engages students through an interactive, age-appropriate, visually enhanced infographics and activity-based content All in all, the Compass Social Studies books aim to generate greater engagement and enhance social, cultural and analytical skills for the intuitive and harmonious growth of an individual in an interconnected and interdependent global community. – The Authors

Textbook Features • Use of simple, age-appropriate language I Will Learn • Activity-based approach to learning • Use of infographics and pictures to explain C ontains the list of learning objectives to be concepts and terms covered in the lesson • Focus on subject-related vocabulary building I Think Introduces the concept ? In-text Question or subtopic in a manner as to arouse curiosity and Gauges the understanding interest among students level of the student by testing both skills and Pin-Up-Note knowledge through oral discussions Highlights the key points or definitions A Be Amazed Connect the Dots Aims to establish better real-life connect with the Fosters interdisciplinary concept by presenting thinking by connecting fascinating facts and trivia other subjects to an aspect of the concept A Note to Parent Engages parents in out-of-classroom learning of their child to conduct activities to reinforce the learnt concepts

Contents 1 Family and Neighbourhood ������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2 Representing Events��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 3 Changes in Society�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 4 Working Together����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 5 Living Together���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 29 - Infographic 1 People belong to various communities����������������������������� 34 6 Safety Rules��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 36 Art Education - 1..............................................................................................42

Hi, I am Rashi Jain. I live with Hi, I am Meher Irani. I live with my my parents. I have many parents and older brother, Morad. aunts, uncles and cousins Rashi and I do not go to the same whom I love to visit. My best school. Yet, we share what we friend is Meher Irani. We live learn with each other. We love in the same housing society spending time with Morad. He and have many adventures shows Rashi and me many together. interesting things. Join us on this exciting journey... 1Lesson Family and Neighbourhood I Will Learn About • n uclear, joint and single-parent families. • c hanges in family, neighbourhood and environment. 1

I Think Rashi is telling Meher about a wedding in her family. Q.She is excited to meet all her cousins. Rashi All of my family members and cousins will Do all of Rashi’s be at this wedding! cousins live in the same place now? Meher How many cousins do you have? (A) yes Rashi I have ten cousins. Eight cousins live (B) no together with their families in a big house in Bengaluru. Two of my cousins, who live in the US, will also come to the wedding. Meher W ow, Rashi! That is a large family! Rashi Yes, it is! Everyone used to live together in a large house many years ago! My grandfather told me so. Look at the pictures of the two families. How are the families similar? What makes them different? A family is a group of people who are related to each other by birth or marriage. These people are called family members. Types of families — joint and nuclear Families are of different types, depending on which members live together. It can be a nuclear family, a joint family or a single-parent family. 2

1) Nuclear family: A family that consists ? What do we call a small of the mother, the father and their family that consists only of child or children the mother, the father and their child or children? 2) Joint family: An extended family that stays together in the same house 3) Single-parent family: A family in which only one parent lives with her or his child or children How family life has changed Earlier, all the members of a family lived single-parent nuclear family together as a joint family. Then, family family members started to move to different places for their education, work or to live on their own. Thus, families became smaller. Many extended families still live together. They help each other by earning money and doing daily tasks. They may do a job or business together. The members of a family may be busy joint family the whole day. Both parents may go out to work and the children to school. Families may only have time to have their breakfast or dinner together. Sometimes, they could go on a trip together. What type of family do you live in? When do all the family members meet? When family members live in different a family eating a family going on places, the extended family meets during family occasions such as together a trip together weddings. They may also meet during festivals, birthdays, when a child is born and so on. Let us read about a few special occasions. A wedding in the family Many times, the entire family takes part in the preparations for a wedding. The family members of the bride and the groom have many tasks. They help to plan Family and Neighbourhood 3

and arrange the wedding. Sometimes, preparations for a wedding begin many months in advance. Have you attended a wedding in your family recently? Who got married? What preparations were made for the wedding? What did your parents do to help prepare for the wedding? What preparations did other members of the family make? In many cases, after marriage, the husband and the wife live in a joint family with the husband’s or the wife’s parents. The family members and the new member must both respect bride and groom each other’s ideas and views. However, sometimes due to change of jobs, differences in likes and dislikes or for other reasons such as lack of space and so on, the husband and the wife may choose to live on their own as a nuclear family. A baby in the family When a baby is born, the mother and father ? How do you think take care of their baby. In a joint family, other the lives change in members also participate in taking care of the a joint family when a baby. In a single-parent family, the baby is mainly new member comes taken care of by one parent. to live in the house? Sometimes, people adopt children. Adoption is when a child born into one family becomes a member of a different family. The new family loves and takes care of the adopted child. Children whose parents have passed away are called orphans. Adoption lets an orphan child have a loving home and family. Moving to a new neighbourhood Meher’s father, Mr Irani, is moving to Dubai for work. The family will have to decide whether they can move to Dubai with him. What will happen if Meher’s family moves to Dubai? What will change in Meher’s life? Will Meher still be able to play with the same friends? Will his school change? How will Meher make new friends? Will they live in the same neighbourhood as Meher? Our neighbourhood is the area around our home. When we move from one neighbourhood to another, we need to adjust to a new place and new people who live in that area. In order to adjust, we should follow the rules of the new neighbourhood. We should also be polite to our neighbours. 4

Keeping our neighbourhood clean We should help to keep the environment of our neighbourhood clean. When people throw garbage on the streets, the environment is affected. People in a neighbourhood should work together to keep their environment clean and healthy. Be Amaze A d The word ‘neighbour’ is derived from the Old English word ‘neahgebur’. ‘neah’ means near and ‘gebur’ means dweller. So, ‘neahgebur’ is someone who lives nearby. Connect the Dots English Fun ‘Parent’, ‘grandmother’ and ‘brother’ are words that tell us about how members of a family are related. Can you find out all the words in the English language that name family members? Science Fun Killer whales live in small groups called pods. The older females of the pod feed and take care of each other’s babies. This is like a joint family. New Words 1) sibling – a brother or sister 2) occassion – an event that is considered special 3) bride – a woman who is getting married 4) groom – a man who is getting married 5) environment – the surroundings or conditions in which a person lives or works A Note to Parent Make a family tree with your child. Try and cover as many generations and relations as possible. Family and Neighbourhood 5

2Lesson Representing Events I Will Learn About • important holidays and events. • drawing a timeline and showing the birthdays of family members. I Think Rashi had a lot of fun at her aunt’s wedding. She Q. met all of her cousins and family members. They made plans to meet regularly after the wedding. What is difficult for Rashi was put in charge of planning the family Rashi to remember? get-togethers. (A) the names of her Rashi Morad, I need help to organise all these cousins family get-togethers. (B) the order of Morad What is the problem? the family get-togethers Rashi I cannot remember the order in which we are meeting. I keep muddling the date (C) w hat happened and place of the get-togethers. at the wedding Morad L et us make a reminder for you. (D) the lessons that she has to revise 6

Many people mark festivals, birthdays and important events on calendars. So, a calendar not only tells us the day and month, but it also helps us to remember occasions and important events. Marking a calendar A few dates are always marked on a calendar. These are days on which a group of people celebrate an important event or a special occasion. It could be celebrated by the people of a community, a state or even the whole country. Two days are very important in all parts of India: Republic Day and Independence Day. Republic Day is celebrated on 26 January. Independence Day is celebrated on 15 August. These days remind us of the people who made India a free country. These are called national festivals. There are other national events celebrated throughout India. Many of these events are celebrations of birthdays of important persons such as national leaders, scientists or authors. A few examples are given below. Ambedkar Jayanti Teachers’ Day Gandhi Jayanti Dr B R Ambedkar Dr S Radhakrishnan was M K Gandhi helped made many India’s first Vice President. India to become a laws for India. He was a great teacher and dreamt of an excellent free country. education system in India. 14 April 5 September 2 October Children’s Day Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, believed that children are very important and worked for their welfare. 14 November Children celebrating Children’s Day A few events are only celebrated by the members of a family such as birthdays and weddings and so on. Many other events are planned specially for your school. For example, different schools have their sports days on different dates. Representing Events 7

Let us make a list of a few different kinds of events. What do we ? call events that are celebrated throughout India? To remember important days after they have happened, we can mark them on a timeline as well. What is a timeline? A line marked with events to show the order in which A line marked with events to show the order in they have happened is which they have happened is called a timeline. called a timeline. On a timeline, the earliest event is on the left-hand side. The latest event is on the right-hand side. Example: Rashi’s friend Asang was born in 2004. She started going to school in 2007. Her parents celebrated her sixth birthday in 2010. Asang’s younger sister, 8

Amen, was born in 2013. Asang got her pet dog in 2016. Her parents took Asang and her sister on a trip to China in 2019. Look at the timeline of Asang’s life. Asang Asang’s sixth Asang gets is born. birthday is her pet dog. celebrated. 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 Asang starts Amen Asang going to school. is born. on a trip to China. Tracing one’s own timeline So we see that a timeline can show events that have happened many months or many years ago. Let us make a timeline showing the birth dates of your family members. Do you know the birthdays of your family members? Paste photographs of five family members below. Write their birthdays in the space given. Write the date when they were born. Do not forget to include the year. What can show ? events that have happened many months or years ago on a line? Representing Events 9

Draw a timeline with the birth dates of your family members. Remember to begin with the earliest. Arrange the birthdays in the order in which they happened from left to right. Let us look at a timeline that shows some events that happened over the last 500 years. Akbar Steam engine Rabindranath Mangalyaan Tagore wins the reaches becomes the is developed. Nobel Prize. Mars. ruler of India. 1556 1648 1765 1876 1913 1947 2014 The Taj Mahal Telephone India You are is built. is invented. becomes born. a free country. In the given timeline, the events have been arranged in the order in which they happened from left to right. We begin with the earliest and end with the latest. Thus, timelines help us to remember important events in the correct order. They are very important for studying history. Be Amaze A d More than 80 different types of calendars are used in the world. A few examples of these are the Chinese Calendar, the Hebrew Calendar, the Persian Calendar and the Ethiopian Calendar. 10

Connect the Dots Maths Fun She starts Mira joins Her brother Mira turns talking. school. Kabir is born. six years Mira is old. born. 2001 2003 2005 2006 2000 What is the difference between the ages of Mira and Kabir? ___________________________________________________________________________ English Fun Did you know that the names of a few months used to be numbers? A long time ago, September was called the seventh month, October was called the eighth month, November was called the ninth month and December was called the tenth month. New Words 1) reminder – a small notebook with dates where we mark future 2) community events of a year – a group of people who like to do the same things A Note to Parent You could help your child to make a timeline marking important events in their life. Help them to remember the dates of the important events. Representing Events 11

3Lesson Changes in Society I Will Learn About • c hanges in lifestyle, food, clothing, shelter, transport and entertainment. • girls and boys playing as equals. • e veryone’s ability to do different jobs, be it a woman or a man. I Think The Jain and Irani families are having dinner Q. together. Mrs Jain and Mrs Irani are discussing their childhoods. Who would cook every meal when Mrs Jain I was the first girl in my family to study Mrs Irani was a engineering. My parents did not want young girl? me to study it. They thought it was not a subject for girls. (A) the housewife Mrs Irani Yes, everything was very different then. (B) the gardener All the members of my family lived (C) the child together. My mother was a housewife. (D) Mr Jain She would cook every meal. Mr Irani How things have changed! Now, so many women work in offices! Both Mr Jain and I at times cook food for our families! 12

Society and changes in society Society is a large group of people who live in a Society is a large group of people living in a common area and common area. They may share many habits. follow similar rules. These include methods of cooking, ways of dressing, languages spoken and so on. In many societies around the world, people are changing their old habits. Here are a few examples. Food habits Food was Clothing Food can be made mostly made with from local materials vegetables and grains. from all over the world. Each area had its own People also style of eat more in clothing. restaurants. Clothing styles from all parts of the world are worn by people today. They do not wear only the clothes specific to the area where they live. Changes in Society 13

The whole Housing family lived in one big Many families house which live in tall usually had a courtyard. buildings that are divided into Most families were large apartments. and lived These apartment together as joint families. buildings have taken the place 14 of larger houses. Family size Families are smaller and many are nuclear families. ? How has clothing changed over time?

Entertainment Children play with toys and Entertainment means something that is done for enjoyment or relaxation. We watch television, computer games. movies or music shows, read books, visit shopping malls and play games for entertainment. Grown-ups do many different Children made things such as up games to play as toys going to the were less cinema for available. enjoyment. Grown-ups would watch plays for fun. Transportation Means of transport are the various kinds of vehicles used to move from one place to another. Cars, buses, bicycles and carts are some examples. The act of moving people or things from one place to another is called transportation. Travelling across Quick transport long distances from one place was very costly. It also took a to another is very long time. possible. It is People used also less costly. boats, ships Buses, trains and with sails or aeroplanes are animal-drawn used to cover carriages. large distances quickly. Changes in Society 15

Why do these changes occur? More knowledge of science and technology has changed things a lot. People can easily share ideas and exchange habits. They take up new habits and new ways of living. Over the years, this has changed many things such as food, clothing, houses and so on. The population of the world has also increased. The space that is available for living has decreased. So, large houses are being replaced by apartment buildings now. Is change good or bad? Sometimes, change is good, while at other times, it is bad. Also, the change that is good for some people is bad for other people. Societies try to balance and adjust to these changes. Sometimes, societies do not want these changes. They try hard to stick to their old habits. Increased transportation helps people to travel easily. This helps people whose workplace is far away from their home. However, the higher number of cars and buses causes pollution. It also means that trees are being cut to make more roads or to widen them. Earlier, many people would only work in their a factory own regions, cities, towns, villages or countries. Now, it is possible for people to work in faraway places or other countries. Science and technology have helped factories to grow. Factories offer many different kinds of jobs. This is why many people want to live near factories. At the same time, smoke and waste from the factories also harm the environment. Hence people living near factories may fall ill. Playing as equals Over time, along with food habits, clothes, work and living places, our ideas have also changed. So, how we treat one another has changed. What we think different people can do — as work or play — has changed too. One day, Rashi returned from school and told her grandmother A girl playing that she had joined the school wrestling team. Her grandmother football was shocked to hear that. She thought that wrestling was not a sport for girls. Do you think it is all right for Rashi to wrestle? 16

Earlier, boxing and wrestling games were thought to be only for boys. Now, girls are becoming successful boxers and wrestlers as well. For example, Mary Kom was the first Indian woman boxer to win a gold medal at a worldwide competition. Whether it is games such as cricket or football, or toys such as cars and mechanic sets, girls today play with all toys. Similarly, A boy playing boys too can play with any toy they choose. They can play with dolls or kitchen sets. It is important for children to be free with a kitchen set to choose and play how they wish. When everyone plays together and is treated equally, everyone is happy. Boys and girls should also play together in the same team. Studying and playing together help girls and boys to understand each other and treat one another equally. Boys and girls playing on the same team Men work. Women work too. Society used to believe that only men could work Women and men work and earn money. Women had to stay at home together in offices today. and look after the house. They cooked, cleaned and took care of children. Earlier, only boys would Describe the changes go to school. But now, girls go to school as well. in women’s lives The Indian government encourages girls to study. from the past to the Many women work in offices today. This means present. that women can also choose their work. Both men and women can choose work that makes them happy. It has not been easy to change old ideas about ? men and women. Even today, women have to fight for their rights. Let us look at a few examples of famous and courageous women. They showed us that women are as capable of doing great things as men. Changes in Society 17

Indira Gandhi Kalpana Chawla the first woman the first woman Prime Minister of from India to go India to space Anandibai Joshi Kiran Bedi one of India’s the first woman first lady doctors IPS officer of India Do you know any more inspiring Indian women? Write their names below. dBe Amaze A Many Indian communities did not allow sea travel in the past. They believed that crossing a sea or an ocean was against their religion. 18

Connect the Dots Maths Fun There are nearly eight thousand cities and towns in India! Can you write this in numbers? __________________________________________________________________________ Science Fun Living beings change slowly to fit into their environment. This is called ‘evolution’. Evolution can entirely change the way a living being looks! New Words 1) courtyard – an open space in the house 2) apartment – a portion of a building that is a house in itself 3) available – something that is found easily 4) population – the number of people in a particular place 5) right – if someone has the right to do or have something, they are allowed to do or have it by law 6) courageous – brave 7) IPS – Indian Police Service A Note to Parent You can help your child become aware of the changes in society. This might help them to understand other people’s views better. Talk to them about how your childhood was. Changes in Society 19

4Lesson Working Together I Will Learn About • different people in the community who help us. • respecting different types of work. • h ow people in society are dependent on each other for various services. I Think Rashi is not well. Her mother takes her to the Q. doctor. The doctor asks her to take medicines and eat green leafy vegetables. They are on their way Who sells the green leafy vegetables to buy the medicines and vegetables. that doctors ask us to Rashi Ma! Will I get better after I have the have? medicines? (A) teacher Mrs Jain Yes, Rashi. You will be fine. (B) chemist Rashi B ut I do not like medicines. They taste (C) police bitter. Mrs Jain Y ou need them, dear. Now let us hurry (D) greengrocer up. Come, we also need to go to the greengrocer. The doctor said that you need to eat vegetables to become strong. 20

Rashi visits a doctor when she is sick. When Rashi waits for her school bus, she sees a sweeper cleaning the road. She says ‘good morning’ to the driver of her school bus. While getting off the bus, she thanks the bus driver. In school, Rashi has many teachers. These are people with different occupations. An occupation is the work that someone does to earn money. People from many occupations help us in our daily lives and overall well-being. They can be called community helpers. Occupations can be divided into two types. • Occupations of those who make or grow things. Example: Farmers grow crops in the fields. • O ccupations of those who do something for us or serve us. Example: A teacher teaches us. Different occupations a doctor a sweeper a farmer a teacher Working Together 21

occupations those who those who make do tailor news reporter potter An occupation is the hairdresser work that someone factory does to earn money. domestic worker help How do different members of the community help us? Soldier The soldiers of the army, navy and air force protect a country’s border. Soldiers also help people who have been affected by floods, earthquakes and so on. They help to build roads in places where it is difficult to go, such as mountains. indian navy officers indian army soldiers indian air force officers Farmer Where does the food we eat come from? A person who grows crops, fruits and vegetables on a piece of land is called a farmer. They protect their plants from insects and diseases. After the plants have grown, they are harvested. Example: a rice planter, a tea picker. 22

We also get food products from people who raise animals such as cows, hens, goats, bees and so on. Example: a herdsman, a beekeeper a rice planter a tea picker a herdsman a beekeeper Teacher A teacher is someone who helps students in learning. Teachers share information, and help students gain knowledge and learn important skills. Teachers often work in classrooms. They can work with students of different ages. Many teachers work with very young children, while others work with adults. Doctor A doctor is someone who treats ill people and helps them to get better. Many doctors treat only specific parts of the body, such as bones, kidneys, eyes and so on. Certain doctors treat only certain groups of people, such as children. Doctors also use different methods of treatment to help people. Here are a few types of doctors. ? Which type • p aediatrician – a doctor who treats only children of doctor performs • surgeon – a doctor who performs operations operations? • dentist – a doctor who treats only problems of the teeth Working Together 23

paediatrician surgeon dentist Policeman and policewoman A policeman or a policewoman is a person who helps to make sure that people follow all the rules of our country. policewoman policeman The police do the following. • keep our neighbourhoods safe. • make sure that people follow rules. • catch people who try to harm others. When someone does something wrong, we can file a complaint with the police. To do this, we must go to a police station. The police will help us to record what happened and write down the complaint. Firefighter Firefighters put out fires in buildings. They also put out fires in forests. Sometimes, people get caught in fires. Firefighters rescue them and take them to a safe place. They also teach us how to be safe during a fire. To remain safe from fire, they wear safety gear such as fireproof uniform, boots, helmets and jackets. They also use long pipes called hose to spray water on the fire. 24

firefighters ready to fight fire A fire station A few other occupations There are many other occupations as well. Postal worker, carpenter, plumber, shopkeeper, banker, lawyer, greengrocer, construction worker, miner and fisherman are people practising different occupations. Can you name a few more? A greengrocer A construction worker A miner A fisherman Working Together 25

We all need each other All parts of a car must work properly for the car to run smoothly. What will happen if a tyre bursts? In the same way, people who live together need each other for different things. A farmer needs doctors, washermen or washerwomen and bankers. People following other occupations also buy the farmer’s crops as food. Doctors need... crops from farmers help to take care of our washed and ironed clothes from money from washermen or washerwomen bankers Similarly, farmers need... doctors, washermen or washerwomen and bankers. 26

Value and respect for work and dignity of labour A doctor cannot help us in the same way that ? How are doctors a farmer can. So, all occupations are equally dependent on important. People practising all occupations bankers and farmers? need to be respected in the same way. We need to treat everyone with the same respect and politeness. No occupation is better or worse than another. This is dignity of labour. I am an I am a I am an I am a I am a I am a I am an air hostess. teacher. architect. security guard. banker. doctor. artist. I am I am a I am a a chef. sweeper. scientist. Be Amaze All occupations should be equally respected. A d Bees in a hive have different jobs. The queen bee only lays eggs. The drones only help the queen to lay eggs. Worker bees collect food, protect the hive and feed the young. Connect the Dots English Fun Did you know that an astronomer is a person who studies the stars and planets in space? Find the name of one more occupation connected to space. Working Together 27

Science Fun When two organisms have a close connection and help each other in nature, it is called symbiosis. New Words 1) crop – the plants that a farmer grows 2) harvest – collect crops that are grown in a farm 3) herdsman – a person who raises and looks after animals 4) beekeeper – a person who raises bees for honey 5) skill – ability to do something well 6) dignity – respect A Note to Parent You could help your child list out all the various occupations that you encounter every day. Help them see the value of the services provided by each professional. 28

5Lesson Living Together I Will Learn About • community and community members. • care and concern towards the old, sick, needy and differently abled people. I Think Rashi came back very excited from school one day. Q. She rushed to tell her mother what had happened. What are Rashi and Rashi Ma, we met Arunima Sinha in school her mother talking today. I shook her hand! She is so about? amazing, Ma! (A) Rashi’s homework Mrs Jain W ho is Arunima Sinha? Rashi S he is the world’s first female amputee (B) people who have to climb Mount Everest. She said that achieved great everything is possible if we work hard. things Mrs Jain Exactly! Just like K S Rajanna. He is a (C) Rashi’s after-school differently abled sportsperson who won activities a gold medal in discus throw and a silver medal in swimming in the 2002 (D) Mrs Jain’s work Paralympics. Rashi Wow! He is amazing too! 29

What is a community? A community is a group of people who may live in A community is a group the same area or work or study in the same place. of people who live in Example: People in a housing society is a community, the same area or who and so are people in your school. People who go share similar beliefs or to the same place of worship may also be part of a work or study together. single community. An important feature of all communities is that the members interact with each other. They may work or play together. They may also celebrate festivals together. They may share common beliefs or interests. They also follow certain common rules. The members of a community may be very different from each other. The members of a community may be of different ages or have different jobs. People can belong to more than one community at the same time. Different communities interact with one another. Every person in a community is important. The a community happiness of a community depends on all its members. Let us read about some members of our communities. Senior citizens Certain members of our community are over 60 years of age. They are called senior citizens. In many communities, the senior citizens are considered to be very important. This is because they may have helped the community when they were younger. They can also be called the elders of the community. When people get old, they may experience senior citizens problems with their health. This is because growing old changes our bodies. Therefore, senior citizens may sometimes need help with certain tasks and activities. They may need help to do the following. • m ove heavy things. Example: carrying heavy bags, pushing heavy doors • read small print. Example: newspaper articles, instructions on packets • use smartphones, computers and so on. 30

However, we must always ask how we can help. Many senior citizens are fit enough to work on their own. Older members of the community may have very interesting stories about their lives. You can visit a community elder to learn about his or her childhood. It would be very different from what you experience in the present times. Differently abled people Many times, when we meet people who are differently an elderly man using abled, we are unsure of how to behave. Being a walker differently abled means that a part of the human body or brain cannot be used in the way that most people use it. It may be due to the way that the body part grows, moves or what it does. Example: Eyes that cannot see Differently abled people may use a variety of tools to help them. • A person without sight may use a red and white a person without sight stick. This stick is used to lightly tap the surrounding using a stick areas to check if the path is clear. • A person without hearing may use hearing aids. • A person who cannot walk may use a wheelchair. When someone is differently abled, it does ? Name a few tools used not mean that they are less fortunate than by people who are others. It only means that they are different. differently abled. These people may like or dislike the same things as others. They may also be able to do things that many other people cannot. If you see someone who is differently abled, children in wheelchairs do not immediately think that they need help. playing basketball Many people who are differently abled can do their work on their own and like to do so. However, if you see a differently abled person having difficulty with a task, you may offer to help. We should respect differently abled people and understand that they would like to be treated as those who are not differently abled. Living Together 31

Taking care of people who need help In a community, there may be persons who have poor health. They could be of any age. We should take care of such members of the community. Take their permission to visit them. Ask them what they would like you to do for them. You could offer to water their plants or help to take care of their pets. C an you think of other people in the community who also need help? a man with There are other ways of helping out in an injury the community. Sometimes, you may not know how to ? Name a community that help someone. you belong to. What is In such cases, common among all of you can ask an its members? adult to give you an idea. You respect for each other could even request an adult to help out someone helps us to live who needs help. Be respectful to everyone in the happily together. community. A happy community is made up of Be Amaze A people who respect each other. d Some wild dogs found in Africa take care of the ill and weak members of their pack. They find food and protect them in the same way that we take care of the old or sick members of our family. Connect the Dots English Fun We can use adjectives to describe people. A person who is helpful and shares what he or she has with others is ‘benevolent’. A person who cares for others is ‘compassionate’. Find two more adjectives of this kind. 32

Science Fun All the members of the community are important. In the same way, all the members of the environment are important. Even earthworms are important as they make the soil useful. Thus, they help plants grow well. New Words 1) amputee – a person whose hand, foot, arm or leg has been removed by surgery 2) differently abled – a person who is unable to use their body or brain properly due to injury or disease 3) discus – a round, flat object thrown during a sports event 4) Paralympics – a major sports event held every four years for differently abled people 5) place of worship – a place where people go to pray 6) interact – speak with others 7) tool – an object that is used to make a task easier 8) poor health – health that is not good A Note to Parent Children learn by example. You can reinforce positive habits by helping neighbours and community members in any way possible. You could ask your child to assist you in these tasks. Living Together 33

Infographic 1 People Belong to Various Communities



6Lesson Safety Rules I Will Learn About • the need to observe safety rules at home, in school and on the road. • safe ways of using different objects. I Think Rashi and Meher are at the International Kite Q. Festival with Morad. What is needed to Meher Hey! Look at that kite! It’s shaped like a bird! make sure that we do Rashi O h! I want to fly that one! not get hurt? Morad Do you know that there are safety rules for (A) kites flying kites? (B) electric wires (C) safety rules Meher What kind of rules? (D) Morad Morad Kite flyers must wear gloves so that the string does not cut their fingers. They can fly kites only in open spaces so that the kites do not get tied up in electric wires and so on. Rashi O h wow! They seem quite strict! Morad Y es, safety rules are necessary. 36

What does ‘being safe’ mean? Being safe means following steps to stop Our loved ones often ask us to ‘be safe’. What bad or harmful things does this mean? from happening. It means that we must follow some steps to stop bad or harmful things from happening. Rules that help us to be safe are known as safety rules. When we do not follow these rules, we are unsafe. Have you heard about these rules? S tranger danger • Never eat or drink anything given to you by a stranger. •  Never go anywhere with a stranger. Different places where we live, work, study or move around have their own set of safety rules. We must follow some rules at home, in school and on the road to be safe. Let us read about some of these rules. Safety at home • U se sharp objects and the gas Make sure your hands are not wet stove only with the help of an adult. before you touch any of these • Use electrical appliances only electrical appliances. with the help of an adult. Do not touch ? What should we do to electrical appliances with wet hands remain safe at home? and always wear rubber slippers. • D o not touch products that are used to clean floors and toilets. ICT safety ICT stands for Information and Communications A smartphone and a tablet Technology. This includes the use of wireless network, internet, email, computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones and other electronic devices. It is important to follow safety rules when we use any of these to communicate with people. Safety Rules 37

• Take permission before • A hot laptop can burn checking or using your skin. Place the laptop anyone’s files or photos. on a table to use it. • Never share your • R emain focussed. Do not personal information on get distracted by games the internet. and other websites. Rules for ICT safety Safety on the road • Cross the road when the traffic has stopped. Cross only at the zebra crossing. Look to the right, left and then right before you cross the road. • Do not play on the road. • Remind adults around you to follow traffic rules while driving. We should cross the road • Ask drivers to follow the traffic signal. Stop only at a zebra crossing. when it is red, get ready when it is yellow and go when it is green. Road signs help us to be safe on the road. Look at the traffic signs below. Can you guess what they mean? Write your answers in the given blanks. 38

Safety at school • Walk slowly and carefully on the stairs. • B e careful not to push or hurt others in the playground. • Use the laboratory only with the help of your teachers. a school Emergency care and first aid Accidents may happen even after following ? Which number should safety rules. Sometimes, they can be very you call in case of an dangerous. A person may need immediate emergency? help and medical care. This is called an emergency. Everyone must know whom to contact in case of an emergency. Such a phone number is called an emergency number. ‘112’ is an emergency number that can be called from anywhere in India. It can be used to contact the police, the fire department and to call an ambulance. 112 Emergency number to call the police or firefighters or an ambulance Here are some things you can do during an emergency. 1) If someone is about to do something unsafe, warn them calmly. 2) If someone is injured, remain calm. Identify the injury. Listen to what they are saying. 3) If someone is in an a first aid kit accident, call a person who can help. If no one is around, find a phone to call an emergency contact number and use first aid. First aid is the help given to an injured or sick person until proper treatment is available. Safety Rules 39

Being safe at all times Do you think that it is possible to get hurt without injuring our body? Our feelings can also tell us when we are unsafe. A touch from another person can make us feel happy or sad. A touch that makes us feel good is a good touch. Example: A warm hug from your mother. A touch can also make us feel bad, scared or angry. It can make us want to cry. This kind of touch is a bad touch. Good touch Bad touch Can you identify good touch and bad touch? Certain parts of our bodies are private. Touching the private parts of anyone’s body without their permission is a bad touch. Meher joined the school football team. All the boys and girls playing football teased Meher. They called him names like ‘shorty’ and ‘little Meher’. They joked about him all the time. They hit and hurt him. They were bullying him. Bullying means to hurt someone or make them feel unsafe on purpose. Example: using rude language and unkind actions. There are many laws against bullying. Bullies can be sent to jail. How can you be safe if you are bullied? • Tell an adult immediately. Do not keep it to yourself. • Do not think that it is your fault. Do not bully back. Do not Bullying skip school. Be Amaze A d Many people are injured in road accidents. So, many changes in cars have been made to make them safer. The seat belt was invented in the 1950s to make driving safer. 40

Connect the Dots English Fun Find out the names of the following objects which are related to safety. Science Fun Computers are set up to follow safety rules. Example: A computer tries to stay safe from harmful information on the internet. This is usually done by an ‘anti-virus’. Do you know the names of some anti-viruses? _________________________________________________________________________ New Words 1) stranger – a person whom one does not know 2) electrical appliance – a machine that runs on electricity 3) accident – when something goes wrong by chance 4) immediate – instant; without any delay 5) private – not for other people; only for oneself 6) tease – make fun of someone A Note to Parent You can help your child to understand the difference between safe and unsafe physical contact. Ask them to share all the events of their day with you before they go to bed. Safety Rules 41

Art Education - 1 Collage A collage is a way to create pictures by using small pieces of other materials such as paper, cloth, leaves and so no to paste onto a large sheet. You can draw the outline and fill it in with paper of different colours, patterns and textures. To stay beautiful and safe, your collage should be covered with a material that you can see through such as cellophane (colourless plastic wrapping paper). 1) M ake a collage using brightly coloured pieces of paper from old magazines and newspapers. 2) Y ou can also use pencil shavings and small pieces of cloth to make the collage. Use clear kitchen wrap (cling film, cellophane) or any other transparent material to cover your collage. You have read about the different ways to remain safe. Now, make a collage of a wonderful, happy and safe place for all children. Here is a picture of a collage to help you make your own. 42