202110731-PERFORM-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G08-FY_Optimized

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Answer each of the following: 1. How did the marginalised group try to change their plight? 2. What are the arguments of the marginalised groups? 3. How did the marginalised groups make use of Constitution in fighting for eqauality? 4. Why do you think provisions are made in the Constitution to safeguard Fundamental Rights of citizens? 5. How does the government try to protect the marginalised? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Answer each of the following: 1. Describe the two ways the marginalised groups have drawn on the Fundamental Rights mentioned in the Constitution. 2. What does Article 17 of the Constitution state? What does that mean? 3. Explain Article 15 of the Constitution. 4. What are the claims put forth by the marginalised groups to ensure equality? 5. Why does the Constitution guarantee cultural justice? PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Answer each of the following: 1. What does the government do to promote education among the marginalised? 2. Explain the policy of reservation. 3. How do the marginalised get reservation? 4. Describe an unjust ritual wherein the marginalised people are treated as if they are less human. 5. What is meant by ostracise? How does it affect the marginalised? 6. What can the marginalised do in case of social justice and compulsion to perform disgusting rituals? PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Answer each of the following: 1. Why was the Act 1989 framed? 2. What was the nature of protest by the marginalised that led to the framing of Act 1989? 3. What is the first level of crime mentioned in the Act 1989? 4. Explain how the Act 1989 protects the resources of the Dalits and Adivasis. 5. How does the Act 1989 protect women of the marginalised group? 6. What is manual scavenging? 7. What are the hazards and problems of manual scavenging? 8. How did the government try to help the manual scavengers? 9. How did the Adivasis protest against displacement? 10. What was the demand put forth by C K Janu? 137

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 9. The poem below was written by ____________. 1.________ of the constitution states that A body is unclean, they say untouchability is abolished. Only the soul is untainted a. Article 17 But the impurity of the body b. Article 25 Is born within the body c. Article 38 a. Rathnam d. Article 40 b. Soyrabhai 2. Prevention of atrocities act has been framed in c. Kabirdas the year _________. d. Rabindranath Tagore a. 1987 10. Which of the following is an ostracised act? b. 1985 a. Allowing Adivasis into temple. c. 1991 b. Treating Dalits with respect. d. 1989 c. Sending a Dalit out of the village. 3. ____________ is the practice of removing human/ d. Allowing them to study. animal excreta using brooms. II. Short Answer Questions: a. Cleaning 1. What do you understand from the laws for the b. Manual scavenging marginalised? c. Janmabhoomi 2. State one reason why you think reservations play an d. Swach bharat important role in providing social justice to Dalits and 4. The ________ term is deliberately used by Adivasis? activists to highlight centuries of discrimination. III. Long Answer Questions: a. untouchables 1. List the provisions of the 1989 Act. b. adivasis 2. Why do you think the Dalit families were afraid of c. dalits angering the upper castes? d. scheduled castes 5. ________ helps in reserving seats for the dalits and adivasis. a. Fundamental rights b. Reservation policy c. Human rights d. Education policy 6. Kabir’s poetry talks about _________. a. equality of all humans and their labour b. reservation for Dalits c. educating everyone d. lterature 7. Your friend who is from Schedule Tribe is not allowed into a temple. What do you think he should do? a. Use Schedule Caste Act. b. Stay back by not going to temple. c. Fight with them. d. Build a separate temple. 8. Forcing a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to drink or eat any inedible or obnoxious substance falls under _____________. a. violating human rights b. violating fundamental rights c. treating them properly d. crimes against SC and ST 138

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks : 15 Time : 30 Mins I. Answer the following questions in one word or 2. What is meant by morally reprehensible? sentence: (4 Marks) 1. Which Act of the Constitution states that untouchability has been abolished? 2. Which are the other two marginalised groups mentioned in the lesson apart from Dalits and Adivasis? III. Think and answer: (5 Marks) 3. Name an effective policy introduced by the 1. Even though untouchability is abolished, it government to improve the educational status still continues in certain places and the Dalits of the Dalits and Adivasis? undergo humiliation and social injustice. Explain 4. Name the poet who challenged the priest by directly questioning him about where untouchability came from? II. Answer the following questions briefly: (6 Marks) 1. Explain Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act 2006. 139

9. Public Facilities Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Suggest alternatives to tackle the problems of • Understand the problems faced by the people lack of public facilities. when there is scarcity of water. • Compare and contrast the public facilities • Explain the disastrous effects of not having provided by government and private agencies. access to clean drinking water. • Describe the need for proper sanitation facilities. Concept Map Wadtiesreraesleasted SWcaartceitry Threats wnaIdnuteidmsreiabraeehslreaaostsefd rmSeqatrnuuaigrgegemledseantiotlys wCaotenrtaremqiuniarteimonenotfs Longfiwghatist and Infaadceilqituieaste Public Facilities Education FaPcuiblitliices Alternate Universal Healthcare Solutions Privitization Sanitation Oangceonnctireasct Key Points • Municipal water supply is not regular and the bore-well water is brackish. The residents have • In Chennai, scarcity of water is a major issue to install water purifiers for drinking water and faced by people in many areas. depend upon water tankers for other uses. • Some places like Anna Nagar where senior • Madipakkam is an area where people get government officials live, is lush and green with municipal water once in four days. well maintained lawns and no shortage of water. • There are places like Saidapet where there is one • In case if there is any problem in water supply, common tap for about 30 hutments where water the senior government officials contact people comes from a bore-well for twenty minutes in high positions and manage to get water tanker twice daily. for their houses. • A family gets maximum, of two or three buckets • However in areas like Mylapore, shortage of of water and in summer the flow becomes a water is a major issue as they get municipal 140 water once in two days.

9. Public Facilities poor are given concession. • In some places, private companies are trickle and people have to wait for long hours and at times, fight for water. supplying water to the needy. • Water is essential for life and clean drinking • Sanitation is another basic requirement of water can prevent many water related diseases. public and the government is trying to find • India has the largest number of cases of solutions. diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera. 141 • More than 1600 Indians, most of them children die every day because of water related diseases. • The Constitution of India recognises the right to water as a part of the Right to Life under Article 21- there should be universal access to water. • High Court as well as Supreme Court has held that the right to safe drinking water is a Fundamental Right. • Contaminating water bodies is ethically, morally and legally a crime. • Healthcare, sanitation, electricity, public transport, schools and colleges are public facilities. • If public facility is provided, benefits can be shared by many, like a school in a village and supply of electricity in an area. • It is the duty of the government to give public facilities to all . • Private companies operate for profits and it is only the government that is responsible for public facilities. • When private companies provide public facilities, all the people may not be able to avail that • Since public facilities are basic needs, it is unfair to make it not affordable for all. • Budget is the account of the expenses, the government has made on its programme in the past year and how much it plans to spend in the coming year. • Government gets money to provide public facilities through the taxes collected. • Private Companies can be made to provide facilities signing a contract. • Poor people are badly affected by water shortage because others can afford to have safe drinking water by paying money. • Some private agencies pay the concerned authority in the village and gets permission to take away all the water from the resources in the village and sell it. • It is the duty of the government to provide safe drinking water to all . • Porto Alegre is a city in Brazil that has achieved universal access to water- People pay some amount for safe water and the

9. Public Facilities Work Plan CONCEPT COVERAGE COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEET PS-1 Water Scarcity- Case • Water supply in different places in Chennai PS-2 Study Chennai; Threats • Anna Nagar, Mylapore, Madipakkam and Saidapet- PS-3 of water related Luxury of the elite, Adjustments of the middle class, diseases struggles of the poor and lack of facilities of the underprivileged. • Water related diseases. • India has the largest number of people affected by water related diseases, contamination of water by industrial wastes, inadequate facilities Public Facilities- • Government’s role in providing education, health care, education, health care, sanitation, electricity, transport facilities etc, private sanitation companies providing public facilities Government takes care as a responsibility • Private agencies provide service for money, often not affordable for the poor Alternative Solutions • Shortage of Municipal water • Failure of government, Right to safe drinking water PS-4 is Fundamental Right, making contract with private agencies for providing public facilities at a moderate Ps-5 rate Self Evaluation Worksheet for \"Public Facilties\" Sheet Evaluation with self- check or Peer check* 142

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Answer each of the following: 1. Why is the availability of water different in different places of a city like Chennai? 2. What do you understand about the condition of people in places where they get water only once in two days? 3. How do people manage in places where they get water only once in four days? 4. How is the life of people in slum areas where there is acute shortage of water? 5. Why does water flow in trickle in summer in most of the places in India? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Answer each of the following: 1. Why do you think access to safe water is considered as Fundamental Right? 2. What are the problems faced by Indians due to scarcity of water? 3. Explain universal access to water. 4. How did the Court reinforce right to water claim? 5. What measures can be taken by the government to solve the water shortage? PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Answer each of the following: 1. Apart from Right to clean water, what are the other essential public facilities? 2. What is the most important characteristic of public facility? 3. Why is it said that public facilities are the responsibility of government? 4. Where does the government get money for public facilities? 5. How did shortage of water open opportunities for private companies? PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Answer each of the following: 1. Describe the inequality in water usage in cities. 2. Why do people argue for private companies to be permitted to supply water? 3. What are the problems faced by people in places where water supply is given to the private companies? 4. How is public water supply in Porto Alegre exceptional? 5. Explain the efforts of Sulabh in solving the problems of sanitation in India. 143

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) 10. Provision of facilities for safe disposal of human urine and faeces is called ________. I. Choose the correct option: a. hygiene 1. ___________ children die due to water related b. sanitation disease in India. c. basic need a. 4500 d. comfort b. 4600 II. Short Answer Questions: c. 4700 1. What are public facilities? Why should d. 4800 government be responsible for providing public 2. Health care is an example of __________. facilities? a. private facility 2. Pick out the various sources of water for b. public facility household use c. paid facility 3. What in your view is similar and what is d. unpaid facility different in Subramanyam’s and Padma’s 3. Right to education is for children of age ________. experience? a. 3-15 III. Long Answer Questions: b. 4-16 1. Why do you think there are few cases of private c. 6-14 water supply in the world? d. 8-15 2. What do you understand from the below 4._________ is a non-government organisation picture? providing free toilets to public. a. Sulabh b. Swatch bharat c. Janmabhoomi d. Made in india 5. Right to safe drinking water is a ________. a. fundamental right b. right to freedom c. paid facility d. private facility 6. _________ is the main source of revenue for government. a. Income tax b. Goods tax c. Service tax d. Duty tax 7. __________ are most important forms of public transport. a. Trains b. Flights c. Ships d. Buses 8. Water shortage is more in ________. a. urban areas b. rural areas c. forests d. mountains 9. Mumbai railway attend to _________ number of passengers. a. 50 lakh b. 55 lakh c. 60 lakh d. 65 lakh 144

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks: 15 Time: 30 Mins I. Answer the following questions in one word or sentence: (4 Marks) 1. Which Article of the Constitution recognises III. Think and answer: (5 Marks) right to water as Fundamental Right? 1. Why is water shortage more acute in rural areas? 2. State one programme taken up by the government in terms of health care. 3. What alternative did the government try to resolve the demand for adequate transport facility? 4. Which is the densest railway route in the world? II. Answer the following questions briefly: (6 Marks) 1. Explain the Right to Education Act. 2. Name three cities in India where water department is functioning in a commendable way. 145

10. Law and Social Justice Learning Outcomes company in India and the USA. • Describe the tragic effect of Bhopal industrial At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Understand the need of having laws for safety disaster in the lives of people who were not related to the company in any way. and social justice. • Realise the power of public to form pressure • Explain the disastrous effects of Union Carbide groups to demand and get the laws enforced. disaster. • Compare and contrast the policies of the same Concept Map MWinaimgeusm Law for Market PrIontteecrteiostnsof Qpuraoldituycot f Sparofedtuycfotsr ReaPsroinceable exploNitoation Nlaobcohuilrd IndInedpieanAdfteenrce SLamafceekaiInnosudfUrSiSaeaAsfeibntuyt InDdisuassttreiarl After Effects Public Protest aSnedvdpeaermarlmadgaeenaethnt CEonnvtiaromnimnaetnetd New Laws Enfoofrclaewmsent Key Points upwards every few years. • There are laws to protect the interests of • Markets everywhere tend to be exploitative of people-as workers, consumers or producers. producers and consumers in the market. • These laws help to maintain the relation • There are laws to protect people in the markets. • Private companies, contractors, business between worker, consumer and producer. • There is law specifying that there should be persons etc. normally want to make profits and might deny the workers their right and won’t adequate safety measures at work place. pay them properly. • There is law prescribing that the quality of goods • In the eyes of law, denying workers their wages is illegal and hence there is law on minimum should be meeting with certain standards. wages. • Consumers may be at risk if the producers don’t • A worker cannot be paid less than the minimum wages and the minimum wages are revised focus on certain standard in terms of safety. • There is law insisting that the prices of essential 146

10. Law and Social Justice • In 1984, there were not many laws to protect the workers and environment was goods is not too high. considered as free entity and nothing was • Law states that factories must take care not done against polluting it. to pollute air or water. • Union Carbide disaster caused damages to • There is law against child labour. many who were not having any connection • Law allows to form workers unions/ with the company, by contaminating the environment. associations So that workers can use their combined power to demand their rights. • The public protests brought in new laws • Enforcement of law is essential when it is holding the polluter accountable for the trying to protect the rights of the weak from damages caused to the environment as we the strong. must keep it safe for the next generations. • Poor and powerless workers do not question exploitation for the fear of losing jobs. • The court stated that Right to Life include • It is important that the government regularly Right to pollution free environment. inspects the work sites and punish those who violate law by exploiting workers. • Court ordered to close down industries in • Laws to protects the rights of people are Delhi that polluted the environment and the based on Fundamental Rights- Eg:Right river Yamuna. against Exploitation. • The world’s worst industrial tragedy- on 2nd • Closing down the industries made many December 1984 midnight, methyl- isocyanite workers unemployed and some shifted to (MIC) started leaking out from Union the relocated places but after a while, there Carbide, an American Company in Bhopal also pollution issue came up. that produced pesticide. • The disaster was the result of neglecting • While focus is on safety measures, Right to proper safety measures but in spite of killing Livelihood of the workers goes unaddressed. and injuring many and leaving many to live in permanent disability, the company refused • Technologies to ensure safety measures and to own the responsibility. clean ups should be focussed on so that • Severe damage is done by contaminating workers don’t suffer. the entire environment and nothing is done to clean up the plant. • The government ought to control the • Compensation was a very low amount activities of the private companies by considering the amount of damage caused enforcing law. and the public plea to prosecute Anderson, the Chairman of Union Carbide is still • People can demand social justice to have safe unanswered. and peaceful life and alert the government • Main reason for foreign companies coming and private companies to take the necessary to India is cheap labour- for lower pay, the measures. company can get longer hours of work. 147 • Additional expenses like housing for workers are also fewer and hence company can save costs and earn more profits. • Cost cutting was done by compromising on safety measures, cutting short on number of workers, their safety training period from 6 months to 15 days and by abolishing night shift. • Union Carbide’s plant in the USA had all safety measures perfect but in India nothing was there • Due to so much unemployment in India, workers are always available for low wages even in hazardous jobs. • Government overlooked the safety hazards in the eagerness to get the Union Carbide set up focussing more on employment.

10. Law and Social Justice Work Plan CONCEPT COVERAGE COVERAGE DETAILS PRACTICE SHEETS Law for the Market- Protection of • Exploitation of the workers the rights of the weak and poor • Not paying adequate wages PS- 1 Inadequate safety measures PS- 2 • Child labour • Quality of products to be taken care of Reasonable price PS-3 • only to be charged- Protection of Rights PS-4 Disaster- Negligence of safety • Union Carbide-The American pesticide plant leaked out measures- Permanent damage poisonous smoke and many people were killed PS-5 to life of people-contamination Permanent damage to the people living around and Self of environment-Double standard • children are born with disabilities Evaluation Contamination of environment Sheet of the company in facilities in US • Unwillingness of the company to own responsibility and in India • In the US, all safety measures and modern warning system and cleaning techniques adopted • No care at all in India • Public Protest – Shifting of Delhi • Public Protest against the industrial disaster caused industries- Workers lost their due to negligence of safety measures. Initial response living- New Laws- Enforcement of government not to stop the company because it of laws provides employment. Long lasting impact on people living around with permanent illness • New Laws to tackle the issue • Delhi industries polluting environment and the river Yamuna shifted • Workers lost their living • Enforcement of Law protecting the Fundamental Right of the people-Right to Life and livelihood Worksheet for \"Law and Social Justice\" Evaluation with self-check or Peer check* 148

PRACTICE SHEET - 1 (PS-1) I. Answer each of the following: 1. Why are laws needed for market? 2. What is the measure taken to ensure that workers are not underpaid? 3. How does the law focus on safety measures? 4. What does law do for the consumers? 5. What is done to avoid contamination of environment? PRACTICE SHEET - 2 (PS-2) I. Answer each of the following: 1. What is meant by enforcement of law? 2. Why are the workers exploited by the employers? 3. What are the fundamental rights that are generally violated at work place? 4. According to 2001 census, how many children were employed violating law? What do you think must be the reason? 5. Explain the 2006 amendment of Child Labour Prevention Act. PRACTICE SHEET - 3 (PS-3) I. Answer each of the following: 1. Explain the industrial disaster of Bhopal in 1984. 2. How did the industrial disaster of Bhopal in 1984 affect the environment and life of people? 3. Who were badly affected by the industrial disaster? 4. What was the reason for the industrial disaster of Bhopal in 1984? 5. Even though Union Carbide stop working, the ill effects continues. Why? 6. Why were the foreign companies interested to set up industries in India? 7. How were the safety measures at Union Carbide, USA different from the Union Carbide plant in India? 8. How were manpower and other things maintained at Union Carbide in Bhopal? PRACTICE SHEET - 4 (PS-4) I. Answer each of the following: 1. What was the attitude of the government towards the Union Carbide issue? 2. Why did the government overlook the negligence of safety measures by the Union Carbide? 3. What was the general assumption of public towards environment? 4. How did the Union Carbide change the life of people? 5. How is the new law different from that of olden days? 149

PRACTICE SHEET - 5 (PS-5) I. Choose the correct option: 10. There is lot of pressure to make environment as 1. ________ specifies minimum wages to be given to _______. workers. a. Public facility a. Right to work b. Private facility b. Minimum wages act c. Paid facility c. Right against exploitation d. Government facility d. Right to freedom II. Short Answer Questions: 2. Prohibition and regulation act banning children 1. Explain Bhopal gas tragedy. to work was launched in the year. 2. Why do we need a law on minimum wages? a. 1986 3. Why do you think reinforcement of laws is b. 1987 important in any factory? c. 1988 III. Long Answer Questions: d. 1989 1. Point to a few other situations where laws (or rules) 3. The major reason for foreign companies to come exist but people do not follow them because of poor to India is __________. enforcement. a. land 2. Answer the following: b. power a) What is the minimum wage for a construction c. cheap labour worker in your state? d. capital b) Do you think the minimum wage for a construction 4. Under Article 21 ________ is guaranteed. worker is adequate, low or high? a. Right to speech c) Who sets the minimum wages? b. Right to education c. Right to freedom d. Right to life 5. Consumer is one who _________. a. buys goods b. sells goods c. makes Goods d. does nothing 6. _________ produces goods for sale in the market. a. Consumer b. Producer c. Distributor d. Worker 7. When money is spent to buy machinery, we call it _______. a. spending b. investment c. saving d. all the above 8. Workers union is ______. a. association of workers b. head of the factory c. group of 4 people d. one leader 9. PENCIL is an organisation which helps in __________. a. child labour b. no child labour c. education d. sanitation 150

Self-Evaluation Sheet Marks : 15 Time : 30 Mins I. Answer the flowing questions in one word or sentence: (4 Marks) 1. When did the Bhopal disaster take place? III. Think and answer: (5 Marks) 1. Do you think new laws can solve the problems of social injustice? 2. Why was a large tourist company made to pay Rs 8 lakh to a group of tourists who visited Paris? 3. Where is the Union Carbide plant in the USA located? 4. What did the government do to avoid the exploitation of poor people at work in terms of wages? II. Answer the following questions briefly: (6 Marks) 1. How did the legal system help to control air pollution due to emission from vehicles? 2. Why are the advanced countries relocating their industries to developing countries? 151

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