Module 13 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Listening Audio Listen and answer Vocabulary Commonly confused words Grammar Apostrophe Formal Writing E-mail writing with hints Creative Writing Speech writing Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 47 47 04/10/2019 15:37:25
Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) What was the name of the boy who did not like ice cream? [ ] a) Roger b) Logan c) Lalit d) Steve 2) Why did the boy dislike ice cream? [ ] a) He did not like its taste. b) He thought it would make him sick. c) He thought it was too cold. d) His mother told him to dislike it. 3) Who was the ice cream connoisseur? [ ] a) Top Top b) Dad Dad c) Maw Maw d) Pop Pop 4) What did the boy have a tiny bite of? [ ] a) homemade strawberry cream b) homemade bread c) homemade vanilla cream d) homemade cake 5) What does the poem teach you? [ ] a) to eat a lot of ice cream b) to never try new things c) to never eat ice cream d) to try new things more than once 48 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 48 04/10/2019 15:37:26
PR Vocabulary Q Commonly confused words There are a few words in the English language that can be easily confused to carry the same meaning as another similar word. However, using one of the words in place of the other may lead to a mistake. Let us look at a few examples of commonly confused words. Using ‘for’ and ‘since’ ‘For’ tells us about the duration of something. We use it to show a period of time (three hours, few days, two weeks, five months, many years and so on). Examples: • Mary has been here for a long time. • I lived in Goa for a few years. • I have been exercising for two hours. ‘Since’ is used to indicate when something began. We use it for a point in time (last week, January, 1972, Wednesday and so on). Examples: • My brother has lived here since he was born. • She has not been to Mumbai since 1998. • It has been two years since I met her. For vs. since for – to mention a specific period or since – to mention the starting point of a duration of time period of time (continues till now) I have been a doctor for fifteen years. I have been a doctor since 1992. She has not been home for two years. It has been two years since she went home. My sister has lived in London for nine months. My sister has lived in London since May. Module 13 49 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 49 04/10/2019 15:37:26
Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with either ‘for’ or ‘since’. 1) I have not had milk ________________________ this morning! 2) Ria made chapatis ________________________ four hours. 3) They have been working ________________________ 10 a.m. today. 4) It has been three years ____________________ he went to an amusement park. 5) Kriti worked on her sketch ________________________ seven hours. 6) Ronnie has been waiting at the bus stop ____________________ two hours. Using ‘few’ and ‘a few’ + ‘little’ and ‘a little’ ‘Few’ and ‘little’ indicate that there is ‘not as much as may be expected or wanted’. ‘Few’ is used with plural countable nouns, whereas ‘little’ is used with uncountable nouns. Examples: • Few states in India are as beautiful as Meghalaya. • I have little choice in this matter. ‘A few’ and ‘a little’ suggest that there is a small number of a thing available. ‘A few’ is used with plural countable nouns, whereas ‘a little’ is used with uncountable nouns. Examples: • I have a few friends in Jaipur. • I will have tea and a little rice every morning. Exercise 3.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the brackets. One is done for you. 1) We know little about his life. Most of it is a mystery. (a few/little) 2) I want ____________________ bit of sugar to add to my hot chocolate. (a little/a few) 3) I have _____________ fruits left in the fruit basket. I don’t need to buy more. (a few/few) 50 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 50 04/10/2019 15:37:26
4) There are _________________ puppies running around. They are a merry sight. (a little/a few) 5) Lonny has ______________ friends as she does not like mixing with others. (little/few) 6) _______________ people are as generous as Kanak. He has a very kind heart. (Few/Little) Grammar Apostrophe A contraction is made by combining two words to make a single word. This makes saying these words easier. We make a contraction using the apostrophe. Example: aren't Let us read some more examples of contractions. Contractions with ‘is’, ‘am’ and ‘are’ she is = she’s he is = he’s why is = why’s how is = how’s I am = I’m = we’re they are = they’re you are = you’re we are Contractions formed with the words ‘will’, ‘has’, ‘had’ and ‘have’ I will = I’ll she will = she’ll he will = he’ll it will = it’ll they will = they’ll he has = he’s we have = we’ve they had = they’d Contractions with the word ‘not’ is not = isn’t are not = aren’t has not = hasn’t have not = haven’t was not = wasn’t will not = won’t were not = weren’t do not = don’t does not = doesn’t did not = didn’t cannot = can’t could not = couldn’t Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 51 Module 13 51 04/10/2019 15:37:27
Apostrophe for possession The apostrophe is also used to show belonging or possession (that something belongs to someone). We use the apostrophe with the letter ‘s’ to show possession. Examples: • The childs ball. incorrect • The child’s ball. correct The apostrophe has been used to show that the ball belongs to the child. There are four main rules for adding apostrophes for possession. Let’s understand them. Rule 1 : If the noun is singular, add the apostrophe + ‘s’. Example : the cap of the bottle = the bottle’s cap Rule 2 : If the noun is plural, add the apostrophe + ‘s’. Example : writings of women = women’s writing Rule 3 : If the noun is singular and ends in ‘-s’, still add the apostrophe + ‘s’. Example : the wheel of the bus = the bus’s wheel Rule 4 : If the noun is plural and ends in ‘-s’, add just an apostrophe. Example : team of boys = boys’ team Look at the table below for more examples. singular nouns • The cow’s horns were sharp. plural nouns • Give me Raman’s address. singular nouns ending in ‘-s’ plural nouns ending in ‘-s’ • These are men’s clothing. • Are these children’s books? • That bus’s wheels were changed. • This is my boss’s cabin. • These are the pens’ lids. • Did you study at a girls’ school? 52 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 52 04/10/2019 15:37:27
Apostrophe with possessive pronouns Sometimes, we may get confused between contractions and possessive pronouns. Remember that possessive pronouns do not need apostrophes. Examples: Possessive pronouns Correct usage Incorrect usage Correct usage Incorrect usage yours your’s theirs their’s hers her’s mine mine’s its it’s ours ours’ or our’s Look at the table below to understand some common apostrophe mistakes. Expanded form could not couldn’t could n’t does not doesn’t does’nt cannot can’t cann’t they are they’re theyr’e Difference between plurals, possessives and contractions Remember ► The plural form of a word shows that there is ‘more than one’ of something. Example: • The candies were tasty. ► A possessive noun or pronoun says ‘who or what owns or has something’. Example: • The candy’s wrapper is on the floor. ► Contractions are words made by combining two words and leaving out one or more letters. The apostrophe takes the place of the removed letters. Example: • Weren’t you given any candy? Module 13 53 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 53 04/10/2019 15:37:27
Exercise 4.1: Read the given sentences and replace the underlined words with contractions. One is done for you. 1) There is nobody in the room. Ans. There’s nobody in the room. 2) It is a brand new car. Ans. 3) Ronny will not come to school today. Ans. 4) I should not eat junk food. Ans. 5) Nisha could have reached the station on time. Ans. 6) He is sure about the answer. Ans. Exercise 4.2: Rewrite the sentences by adding or correcting the usage of the apostrophe wherever necessary. One is done for you. 1) I dont want to go to school today. Ans. I don’t want to go to school today. 2) Ravi has’nt visited our house for weeks. Ans. 54 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 54 04/10/2019 15:37:27
3) Kabirs’ library books’ cover was torn. Ans. 4) Theyre going to watch the circus tomorrow. Ans. 5) This garden is their’s. Ans. 6) We won the match, so the trophy is ours’. Ans. Exercise 4.3: Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the options given in brackets. One is done for you. Tojo is very nervous. It’s (Its/It’s) his first day at school. His father is driving him to school. _________________________ (He’s/H’es) got a small, blue scooter. Tojo’s _________________________ (friend’s/friends) also go to the same school. _________________________ (They’re/Their) waiting for him at the school gate. Their classroom is on the third floor, but they are going to walk Tojo to his classroom first. Tojo’s oldest _________________________ (friends/friend’s) name is Ishaani, _________________________ (whose/who’s) in the fifth standard. She gives Tojo a big, welcoming smile as soon as she sees him. Module 13 55 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 55 04/10/2019 15:37:28
Writing Formal Writing E-mail writing with hints E-mail means ‘electronic mail’. It is a means of communicating with people over the internet. We write informal or friendly e-mails to our family members and friends to ask how they are, invite them over or to congratulate them. Official or formal e-mails are used to apply for leaves, inform people about something official or invite people to an event. Exercise 5: As the president of the Science club, write an e-mail to inform the members of the club about a meeting. The agenda of the meeting is to decide who can be invited to give a talk to the students of Classes 7 to 10 on the importance of science. Hints: • Write the e-mail addresses of the club members. • Write the subject of the e-mail to highlight its purpose. • Mention the venue and timing of the meeting. • Write about the agenda and its importance. • Greet and sign off as you have learnt earlier. 04/10/2019 15:37:29 56 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 56
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Creative Writing Speech writing Read the sample of a speech given below. Observe the different parts or elements of a speech. Salutation Help our animal friends Title Address the listeners. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! Opening lines Set the tone for the Closing line I stand here today for those who have speech and tell the Thank the stood for us. I speak for those who have audience what to audience. silently been on our side, in good times and expect. in bad times. For those who would wait forever for us to return home, and then wait Body of the speech some more for us to throw them a ball. Make a case for the speech. Include Dear all, today, I speak for our pets. Though examples if needed. they deserve a lot of our love, some of them unluckily end up in pet shelters. We at White Concluding lines Cross Animal Rescue, however, try to provide Close/end the them with love, care, food and medicine. speech with a We try to make their lives a little better till conclusion or a call they find a new home. Being an NGO, we for action. depend on your donations to provide food, shelter and care to these animals. So I, Reshmi, on behalf of WCAR, invite you to generously donate to this cause and help save lives. Our volunteers will now pass the donation box around. Also, note that those who may not be able to donate but still wish to help are welcome to volunteer with us. Thank you! 58 04/10/2019 15:37:29 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 58
Exercise 6: Imagine that you work for a big computer company and have been invited to your school to give a speech on the importance of computers and their relevance in the future. Write a speech for the occasion, taking help from the hints given below. Hints: • Address the audience: the principal, teachers and students. • Introduce the subject: the wonders of computers. • Explain how the world has been impacted by the invention of computers. • Explain how they are being used for data storage, communication, recreation and so on. • How will they be important in the future? Module 13 59 04/10/2019 15:37:30 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 59
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