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Preface IMAX partners with schools, supporting them with learning materials and processes that are all crafted to work together as an interconnected system to drive learning. IMAX presents the latest version of the Pinnacle series – especially crafted as an accompanying workbook series for the Tamil Nadu state board textbooks. The Pinnacle series endeavours to be faithful to the spirit of the Tamil Nadu Curriculum Framework, 2017, in conjunction with the content covered and approach adopted in the Samacheer textbooks. The IMAX English workbooks and Grammar & Composition books for the Pinnacle series strive hard to provide adequate opportunities for students to practise all the four skills of Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing (LSRW). Below are some salient features of the Pinnacle English workbooks series: Summaries of the Samacheer English textbook lessons Meanings of difficult words from the lessons provided, along with example sentences Coverage of all textbook questions that require space for writing along with adequate space for writing ‘Quick Check’ questions at the start of every workbook lesson to recapitulate details of the textbook lesson Inclusion of questions based on comprehension, vocabulary, judgement & appreciation and speaking skills Here are some salient features of the Pinnacle Grammar & Composition series: The grammar concepts covered have a horizontal and vertical progression across grades, providing a spiral of cumulative learning Inclusion of age-appropriate picture reading for grades 1 & 2, and reading comprehension passages for grades 3, 4 & 5 Inclusion of samples for format-based writing to provide for scaffolding of learning of formal writing Provision of a listening to audio section for honing of listening skills for different purposes for grades 4 & 5 Overall, the IMAX English Pinnacle series aims to generate greater engagement with and enhance fluency in English language communication, while providing students the opportunity to develop a genuine appreciation of the language and its literature. – The Authors Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 2 04/10/2019 15:36:49
GrammarFeaantduCreosmposition Dictation Words from the textbook or sentences with commonly confused spellings for dictation practice PR VoDcicatbautilaorny LisDteicntiangtioAnudio Q Questions based on an audio piece for Practice exercises to help build and listening practice enhance age-appropriate vocabulary GrDaimctmataior n Writing Engaging grammar explanations and Formal Writing inculcates writing skills by well-crafted exercises introducing formal writing styles by providing samples and adequate practice R ReDaicdtiantgioCnomprehension Creative Writing exercises to foster Interesting reading comprehension creative writing by using imagination and passages on varied themes along drawing from real-life experiences with questions that focus on language building Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 3 04/10/2019 15:36:50
Class 5 10 Module 10 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 R5 Reading Comprehension �������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 11 Module 11 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 12 Module 12 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 30 R6 Reading Comprehension �������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 13 Module 13 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 4 04/10/2019 15:36:50
Module 10 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Listening Audio Listen and answer Vocabulary Synonyms Grammar Prepositions Formal Writing Paragraph writing Creative Writing Picture-based composition Reading Passage 1 Comprehension Passage 2 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 1 1 04/10/2019 15:36:51
Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5) ______________________________________________________________________________________ Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) Whose life is this poem about? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Where was the cupcake put to bake? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) What was done to the cupcake with a silver knife? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What was the cupcake decorated with? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2 04/10/2019 15:36:51 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 2
5) How did the cupcake die? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ PR Vocabulary Q Synonyms Synonyms are words or groups of words that have the same meaning or a similar meaning. Exercise 3.1: Match the words in Column A with their synonyms in Column B. One is done for you. Column A Column B 1) brave a) inexpensive 2) cheap b) uneven 3) sharp c) courageous 4) strange d) pointed 5) rough e) timid 6) shy f) odd Exercise 3.2: Fill in the blanks using suitable synonyms of the words given in brackets in the passage below. Choose the synonyms from the list of words given in the box below. One is done for you. jog spoiled foul brilliant instantly groceries Arsha woke up this morning to dull grey skies and heavy rain. It instantly (immediately) put her in a ________________________ (bad) mood. Where were the blue skies and ________________________ (bright) sunshine that the weather forecast from the previous day Module 10 3 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 3 04/10/2019 15:36:51
had promised? Arsha had planned to go for an early morning ________________________ (run), and then go to the market to fetch some ________________________ (vegetables and fruits) for the following week. The rains had completely ________________________ (destroyed) all her plans. Grammar Prepositions Underline the prepositions in these sentences and write them against the correct descriptions in the table given below. • She was standing among a group of teenagers. • The Sun was shining above the mountains. • There was a photograph below the clock. • I ordered an iced tea with my pizza. • There is a house beside the lake. • Alka is travelling to Chennai. • Meet me at home. • She turned around when she heard her name. Preposition Description It means ‘so as to face in the opposite direction’. It means ‘lower than’. It means ‘in the direction of’. It means ‘to be along with or surrounded by others’. It means ‘along with’ or ‘being together’. It means ‘next to’. It means ‘higher than’. It points out a specific place. 4 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 4 04/10/2019 15:36:52
Remember Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns and phrases to the other words in a sentence. They show the position and give information about time, place and direction. Let us learn a few new prepositions. Towards shows movement in the direction of a place or getting closer to someone or something. On hearing a knock, she Mira and Varun turned their The boy and girl are walking walked towards the door. faces towards the camera. towards the beach. Through means 'from one end or side of something to the other'. It also denotes 'from the start to the end'. The Thames river flows The boy cried through the Mita studied through the through London. movie. night. Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 5 Module 10 5 04/10/2019 15:36:53
Across means 'from one side of something to the other'. I can see the police station They travelled across the He sailed across the sea. that is across the street. desert. Exercise 4.1: Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions from the brackets. One is done for you. 1) The bread is kept with (with/from) the cheese and the milk. 2) She gets nervous ___________________________ (to/among) strangers. 3) I will be walking ___________________________ (among/from) home to my school by myself. 4) The bridge runs ___________________________ (across/through) the river. 5) The aeroplane flew ___________________________ (below/over) the building. 6) What have you put ___________________________ (in/over) the tea? Exercise 4.2: Complete the paragraph by using appropriate prepositions from the box. One is done for you. in towards to around at across I went to the beach last Saturday. There were many people __________________________________ the beach. I like visiting the beach. I collect the colourful shells that lie all __________________________________ me there. 6 04/10/2019 15:36:55 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 6
On Saturday, I walked __________________________________ the waves gleefully and dipped my feet __________________________________ the water. My friend Tarun was on the beach as well. He waved to me from __________________________________ the sand. Exercise 4.3: Use the picture to form sentences with the prepositions given below it. One is done for you. 1) on – There are cushions on the sofa. – 2) towards – 3) above – 4) behind Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 7 Module 10 7 04/10/2019 15:36:56
5) between – 6) next to – Writing Formal Writing Explanatory paragraph writing Exercise 5: Imagine that you are chosen to be the chief minister of your state for one week. You now have the power to make all kinds of changes, and you have the entire state under your direction and command. Explain how you would spend that one week of being chief minister. Use the hints given below to help you write. Hints: • What laws would you pass to improve the lives of the people in your state? • W hat would be the most challenging tasks for you as the chief minister? • What steps would you take to solve these challenges? • How will you ensure that your time is spent well? • What part of being the chief minister would you enjoy the most? 04/10/2019 15:36:56 8 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 8
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Creative Writing Picture-based composition Exercise 6: Look at the picture and explain what is happening in it. Address all the questions given in the hints. Hints: • What are the people watching? • How is it different from watching a movie in a cinema hall? • Who is performing in the picture? • What kind of performance is it? • Do you think it is more challenging to act in front of a live audience or to act in a movie? Explain your answer. • W hy is it important to have such forms of entertainment? • Are these art forms also informative? How? 10 04/10/2019 15:36:57 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 10
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R5 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. In the evening, the priest kept a light behind the curtain and stood there with his puppet. When he carefully moved the puppet behind the curtain, it cast a dancing shadow on the curtain that was clearly visible to the emperor on the other side. As the emperor sat in front of the curtain and watched the dancing shadow, he listened to the stories narrated by the priest. The stories were about the queen. They were simply magnificent and brought back many of the emperor’s wonderful memories. The emperor clapped his hands with joy and said, ‘I would like to watch the puppet show every evening. I am delighted.’ Every day, the emperor attended court, talked to his ministers and courtiers and then watched the puppet show in the evening. He started taking great interest in his people. He built schools and hospitals in the name of the departed queen. He would also play with the children he visited in his schools. He felt very happy when crowds of people gathered around him and praised him wherever he went. They would cheerfully shout, ‘Hail the Emperor! Hail the mighty one!’ The priest told him one day, ‘Your Majesty, joys and sorrows are part of life. Whenever a person faces sorrow, they should always think of the good things and happy moments in life. These memories act as a source of joy that drives away all the sadness and cheers one up. They teach us to live happily and do good deeds to make others happy while remembering those who are no longer with us.’ The emperor smiled and nodded. ‘I thank you for guiding me with such wise words’, he said. 12 04/10/2019 15:36:58 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 12
1) What stories did the priest narrate in the puppet show? Ans. 2) What did the emperor do before watching the puppet show every evening? Ans. 3) Write the adverb forms of the given words from the passage. a) simple – b) clear – c) careful – 4) The word from the passage whose homonym means ‘pellets of frozen rain’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) emperor a) dead 2) magnificent b) the king of a large kingdom 3) departed c) very impressive Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. The Tyrannosaurus Rex (T-Rex) lived in Laramidia, which is present-day western North America. It lived in the Upper Cretaceous Period, between 85–66 million years ago. The T-Rex was among the last non-flying dinosaurs. One of the largest land predators ever known, the T-Rex was Reading Comprehension 13 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 13 04/10/2019 15:36:59
nearly 40-feet long and 13-feet wide at the hips. It weighed four to seven tons! Scientists know from studying its fossils that the T-Rex had an enormous skull and a long, massive tail to support its weight. Despite its arms being relatively small, they were powerful, with two clawed digits (like fingers) at the end. The hind legs of the dinosaur were extensive and mighty. The T-Rex possessed the most ferocious bite of any land animal on Earth. Its jaw was at least four-feet thick and contained 50–60 teeth, many of which were up to nine inches long. Its strong teeth could remove flesh from its prey and cut it in its mouth. 500 pounds of flesh and bone in one bite! Also, there were rotting bacteria between its teeth, giving it a ‘septic’ bite. If it wounded but failed to kill its prey, they would die of fatal infections anyway! In 1990, Sue Hendrickson, a famous fossil hunter, discovered the most complete fossil of a T-Rex skeleton ever found (85% complete). Eventually, it was sold to the Field Museum of Natural History for a whopping eight million dollars. The museum spent over 25,000 person- hours in removing rock from the bones. 1) What were the arms of the T-Rex like? Ans. 2) What did Sue Hendrickson do with the fossil of the T-Rex that she had found? Ans. 3) Find the plural forms of the given words from the passage. a) dinosaur – b) inch – c) tooth – 4) The meaning of the word ‘fatal’ is . 14 04/10/2019 15:36:59 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 14
5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) present-day a) very large 2) septic b) in the current period of time 3) whopping c) infected with bacteria Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 15 Reading Comprehension 15 04/10/2019 15:36:59
Module 11 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Listening Audio Listen and answer Vocabulary Idioms Grammar Conjunctions Formal Writing Informal letter writing Creative Writing Autobiography writing 16 04/10/2019 15:37:01 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 16
Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) What is it that fills people with awe? [ ] a) some natural and man-made structures on the Moon b) some natural and man-made structures on the Earth c) only the man-made structures on the Moon d) only the natural structures on the Earth 2) Who compiled the list of the new Seven Wonders of the World? [ ] a) The United Nations b) The New Wonders Society c) The New Seven Wonders Foundation d) The Seven Wonders Foundation 3) Which is the only surviving wonder of the ancient world? [ ] a) the Great Wall of China b) Machu Pichu c) the Taj Mahal d) the Great Pyramids of Giza 4) Which of the following is a modern wonder that has been newly elected? [ ] a) Chichen Itza b) Qutub Minar c) Sydney Opera House d) Eiffel Tower 5) Which emperor ordered the Taj Mahal to be built? [ ] a) Humayun b) Akbar c) Aurangzeb d) Shah Jahan Module 11 17 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 17 04/10/2019 15:37:01
RP Vocabulary Q Idioms Idioms are combinations of words that have different meanings than the literal meanings of the actual words. Example: Sameera got cold feet before her stage performance. Here, the phrase ‘cold feet’ does not mean that her feet actually became cold. It means that Sameera became nervous or scared before her stage performance. Exercise 3.1: Choose the correct idiom from the table that matches each description. One is done for you. icing on the cake to cry over spilt milk once in a blue moon don’t judge a book by its cover cost an arm and a leg every cloud has a silver lining 1) to complain about what is already lost Ans. to cry over spilt milk 2) bad times followed by good times Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) something that happens very rarely Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 18 04/10/2019 15:37:02
4) something great added to something good Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) to not judge by appearances Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6) something that is very expensive Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 3.2: Make sentences of your own with the given idioms. One is done for you. 1) down to earth Ans. Ajay is extremely talented, but also very down to earth. 2) under the weather Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3) early bird Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 19 Module 11 19 04/10/2019 15:37:03
4) piece of cake Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5) learn by heart Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 6) raining cats and dogs Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Grammar Conjunctions There are three types of conjunctions. Conjunctions Coordinating Correlative Subordinating conjunctions conjunctions conjunctions 20 04/10/2019 15:37:03 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 20
Remember ► You have learnt that conjunctions are words that join words or parts of sentences together. ► C oordinating conjunctions connect two or more parts of speech in a sentence. They also connect two similar parts of a sentence. The coordinating conjunctions are as follows: ► C orrelative conjunctions work in pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence. The correlative conjunctions you have learnt are ‘neither... nor’, ‘either... or’ and ‘not only... but also’. Let us learn about the third type of conjunction: subordinating conjunctions. Subordinating conjunctions These are words that connect two parts of a sentence that are not of equal importance. Some commonly used subordinating conjunctions are ‘when’, ‘because’, ‘until’, ‘than’, ‘while’, ‘though’, ‘after’, ‘before’, ‘if’, ‘as’ and ‘since’. Let us learn how to use two of them. Because joins two unequal parts where one part talks about a reason for an action. Example: • The boy was absent because he was ill. (The reason for the boy’s absence was illness.) Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 21 Module 11 21 04/10/2019 15:37:04
More examples: • We want to go to Ooty in the summer because the weather • She didn’t swim will be pleasant then. because she was afraid of water. Until means ‘up to a point in time or an event’. It joins two ideas or events. Example: • Let’s wait until the rain stops. (The speakers have decided to wait up to the point when it stops raining.) More examples: • You will not go • You can stay on out until you’ve this bus until you finished this reach Ajmer. exercise. Exercise 4.1: Join the sentences using ‘because’ or ‘until’. One is done for you. 1) I dislike Mondays because I have to get up early on Monday. 2) The girl cried ______________________ her father calmed her down. 3) The policeman drove ______________________ he reached the police station. 4) My dog got scared ______________________ somebody threw a stone at him. 22 04/10/2019 15:37:04 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 22
5) We won’t rest ______________________ the work is done. 6) I like this class ______________________ it is very interesting. Exercise 4.2: Look at the pictures and join them using the given subordinating conjunctions. One is done for you. 1) + + because flower Shafiq smiled Ans. Shafiq smiled because he saw a flower. 2) + + because baby was crying hungry Ans. 3) + + until Ramiz slept the alarm rang Ans. Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 23 Module 11 23 04/10/2019 15:37:05
4) + + until she will wait doctor arrives Ans. May5) + + until Reema will stay in Panjim May Ans. 6) + + because wagging its tail happy dog Ans. Exercise 4.3: Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions from the box. One is done for you. either... or because until so not only... but also and 1) Sheela took medicine because she had a cold. 2) Jimmy will support ____________________________ Spain ____________________________ Brazil in the football world cup. He has not made up his mind about which team he will support. 24 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 24 04/10/2019 15:37:08
3) The power went off, ____________________________ I lit a candle. 4) Ali will continue working here ____________________________ he gets a better job. 5) My mother is ____________________________ smart ____________________________ hard working. She is very talented. 6) Marie Curie won Nobel prizes in both Physics ____________________________ Chemistry. Writing Formal Writing Informal letter writing Exercise 5: Imagine that you just created a robot! Write a letter to your friend about the robot you made by using the hints given below. Hints: • How did you get the idea of creating a robot? • Describe its physical appearance. • Write about its special features and abilities. • Mention the things that you like most about it. • How does creating a working robot feel? Module 11 25 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 25 04/10/2019 15:37:09
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Creative Writing Autobiography writing An autobiography is an account written in the first person. It is the story of a person’s life. It can also be an imaginary object’s life story. Read a few interesting quotes from former president APJ Abdul Kalam’s autobiography, Wings of Fire. ‘The sides of the mountain ‘We are all born with a sustain life, not the peak. divine fire in us. Our efforts This is where things grow, should be to give wings to experience is gained and this fire and fill the world with technologies are mastered. the glow of its goodness.’ The importance of the peak lies only in the fact that it – APJ Abdul Kalam, Wings of defines the sides.’ Fire – A PJ Abdul Kalam, Wings of Fire Exercise 6: Imagine that you are a person who lives underwater. In the space provided, write the story of your life. Hints: • What is your name? • What kind of creature are you? • What do you eat? Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 27 Module 11 27 04/10/2019 15:37:10
• How do you spend your time? 04/10/2019 15:37:10 • Do you live alone or in a society? 28 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 28
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Module 12 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Listening Audio Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Antonyms Direct and indirect speech Formal Writing Interjections Creative Writing Paragraph writing Reading Comprehension Write a poem Passage 1 Passage 2 30 04/10/2019 15:37:11 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 30
Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5) ______________________________________________________________________________________ Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) What was Marie Curie interested in from an early age? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) In which field did Marie Curie conduct experiments? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Whom did Marie Curie share her first Nobel Prize with? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What title was Marie Curie awarded? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Module 12 31 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 31 04/10/2019 15:37:11
5) Describe any three of Marie Curie’s achievements. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ PR Vocabulary Q Antonyms An antonym of a word is another word that has an opposite or completely different meaning. Examples: departure arrival insult compliment 04/10/2019 15:37:12 32 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 32
Exercise 3.1: Match the words in Column A with their antonyms in Column B. Column A Column B 1) destroy a) loss 2) vertical b) timid 3) strength c) alive 4) dead d) weakness 5) profit e) horizontal 6) bold f) create Exercise 3.2: Rewrite the sentences by replacing the underlined words with suitable antonyms. One is done for you. 1) Faiz is better than Mohit at sports. Ans. Faiz is worse than Mohit at sports. 2) The lake near the mountains is unique. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3) My question was published in the newspaper. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4) The yoga instructor is present today. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 5) I never go to bed on time. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Module 12 33 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 33 04/10/2019 15:37:13
6) The soldier reached the check post at dawn. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Grammar Sentences Let us revise the types of sentences we have learnt earlier. Declarative sentences Imperative sentences They are used to state information. They are These sentences give commands or statements and end with a full stop (.). make requests. Imperative sentences end with a full stop (.) or an exclamation mark (!). Interrogative sentences Exclamatory sentences These sentences ask questions and end These sentences show excitement with a question mark (?). or strong feelings. They end with an exclamation mark (!). Direct and indirect speech Your friend, Mira, tells you in school, ‘I am going to a play’. You come home and tell your mother what your friend told you. There are two ways in which you can tell your mother about this conversation. Mira said, ‘I am going to a play’. (direct speech) You repeated Mira’s words in exactly the way she said them. To show her exact words in writing, they are put in quotation marks: ‘…’ 34 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 34 04/10/2019 15:37:14
Mira said that she was going to a play. (indirect speech) Since Mira had spoken the words earlier, the tense and the pronoun change accordingly. (‘I am going’ changes to ‘she was going’.) The words spoken by Mira are not put in quotation marks for indirect speech. Remember We use indirect speech or reported speech when we tell or report something that someone said. Here are a few examples: He said that they were We are going on a picnic. going on a picnic. I work at a hospital. She said that she worked at a hospital. Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 35 Module 12 35 04/10/2019 15:37:15
Rules of indirect speech a) Reported speech is not enclosed in quotation marks. b) The word ‘that’ is used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and the reported speech. Example: Adil said that he felt ill. reporting verb reported speech Rules of indirect speech c) The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of the reporting verb or object (person). Look at the examples given on the previous page. ‘We’ has changed to ‘they’ and ‘I’ to ‘she’. Sometimes, the pronoun may not change at all. d) When the sentence within quotation marks is in the simple present tense, it changes to the simple past tense. Similarly, when the sentence within quotation marks is in the present continuous tense, it changes to the past continuous tense. Example: She said, ‘I am going to Nagaland.’ S he said that she was going to Nagaland. Exercise 4.1: Indicate whether the following sentences are in direct or indirect speech. One is done for you. 1) Veda told Marie that she was going to a movie with her parents. Ans. indirect speech 2) ‘Can I come with you?’ Marie asked Veda. Ans. 36 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 36 04/10/2019 15:37:15
3) ‘Certainly, Marie! We’ll have a great time’, Veda answered happily. Ans. 4) Marie paused and then said that she would ask her parents first. Ans. 5) Veda replied that she would wait for her call. Ans. 6) ‘I’ll call you as soon as I get their permission’, Marie promised her friend. Ans. Exercise 4.2: Convert the following sentences into direct or indirect speech. One is done for you. 1) He said, ‘Suresh needs a new uniform.’ Ans. He said that Suresh needed a new uniform. 2) The teacher said that Madhu was working sincerely. Ans. 3) Raghav said that the baby was crying. Ans. 4) They said that they were enjoying the weather. Ans. 5) They said, ‘We love our country.’ Ans. Module 12 37 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 37 04/10/2019 15:37:15
6) She said, ‘I am going out.’ Ans. Interjections What is common among the following sentences? Ugh! This drink is very Wow! The fireworks Hurray! We won the Well, I don't know sour. are amazing. quiz. whether I support that. Each of these sentences begins with a word that shows a strong and sudden feeling or emotion. These words are known as interjections. Remember ► A comma or an exclamation mark is used to separate an interjection from the rest of the sentence. ► U se an exclamation mark at the end of interjections that show very strong emotions. Capitalise the first letter of the word after the exclamation sign, since it is a new sentence. Example: Ouch! That hurt. ► Use a comma after a mild interjection. Example: Sure, we will do it. 38 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 38 04/10/2019 15:37:18
Let us learn some common interjections. Interjections Usage Examples to get someone’s attention or to hey show surprise Hey! What are you doing here? used to express sadness alas Alas! We’ve lost the match. shh used to tell someone to be quiet Shh! The meeting is going on. hush Hush! I can hear someone coming. eeks used to show fear Eeks! These spiders are scary. yahoo Yahoo! We’re going on a holiday. hurray used to express joy Hurray! The class is over. yum Yum! This cake melts in the mouth. sure used to show that something is Sure, I’ll come to your party. OK delicious OK, we’ll go together. oops Oops! I dropped the sandwich. yuck used for agreement Yuck! His shoes stink. ugh Ugh! This is dirty. ouch used when you do something by Ouch! These shoes are too tight. wow mistake Wow! That’s really good news. used to show dislike or disgust used to express hurt used to express delight Exercise 4.3: Make meaningful sentences using the given interjections. One is done for you. 1) Hurray! We have won the match. 2) Wow! 3) Ouch! 4) Oops! 5) Eeks! 6) Hey! Module 12 39 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 39 04/10/2019 15:37:18
Writing Formal Writing Narrative paragraph writing Exercise 5: There are many celebrations in school. One such celebration is the Annual Day. Write a paragraph narrating a fun-filled Annual Day. Hints: • When was the Annual Day celebration? • Where was it held? • W as there something special about this day? • What did you or your class do on that day? • How were you feeling? • How was the event? • What will you always remember about this day? 04/10/2019 15:37:22 40 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 40
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Creative Writing Write a poem Poems are fun to read. They have rhythm, and they flow more easily than prose or stories. Some people find it easy to write poetry. However, it is challenging for others. Read the following tips to help you write poetry. • What are you writing about? Be clear about the theme and purpose. • Pick a topic for your poem. • C hoose the kind of pattern you want your poem to follow. Decide if you want your poem to have rhyming couplets (two lines that end with rhyming words) or whether you want it to be in free verse (not follow any rhyme scheme). • Try to paint a picture in the reader’s mind. Use words that appeal to the senses and help readers ‘feel’ your poem. • Use poetic devices. Similes and metaphors are the common poetic devices or figures of speech. • Figures of speech help beautify a poem and add effect to it. • A simile is a figure of speech that is used for direct comparison between two things. We usually use the words ‘like’ or ‘as’ to compare things using this figure of speech. Example: She is as red as a rose. • A metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to compare two things that are not alike but do have something in common. Example: He was a lion in the battle. Exercise 6: Write a poem about your favourite season. Use the tips above and the hints below to write your poem. Hints: • M ake a list of all the things you want to write about your favourite season. • Try to use rhyming words and figures of speech. • Read your poem a few times to check if you can improve it. 42 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 42 04/10/2019 15:37:23
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R6 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the poem and answer the questions given below. A bird came down the walk, He did not know I saw. He bit an Angleworm in halves, And ate the fellow, raw. And then he drank a dew, From a convenient grass. And then hopped sidewise to the wall, To let a beetle pass. He glanced with rapid eyes, That hurried all around. They looked like frightened beads, I thought, He stirred his velvet head. Like one in danger, cautious, I offered him a crumb. And he unrolled his feathers, And rowed him softer home. Than oars divide the ocean, Too silver for a seam. Or butterflies, off banks of noon, Leap, plash-less as they swim. – Emily Dickinson 1) Why did the bird hop sidewise to the wall? Ans. 44 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 44 04/10/2019 15:37:24
2) What does the poet compare the eyes of the bird to? Ans. 3) Underline the adjectives in the following phrases or sentences. a) He stirred his velvet head b) From a convenient grass c) Too silver for a seam 4) The meaning of ‘stirred’ in the passage is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) dew a) very careful 2) cautious b) tools used to row a boat 3) oars c) tiny drops of water Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Edward Lear was an illustrator, landscape painter, author and poet. Lear is still remembered for his ‘nonsense poetry’ for children, known as ‘limericks’ today. Before Lear’s writings, most literature for children was filled with ‘common sense’ instruction. For this reason, Edward Lear has become a truly evergreen author, fondly nicknamed as the ‘Father of Limericks’. Children were raised very strictly in the Victorian times, and their education excluded humour or laughter. So, imagine the sheer delight that the children must have felt upon Reading Comprehension 45 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 45 04/10/2019 15:37:24
reading Lear’s works, in which the most ridiculous and absurd situations were presented as rhymes! His rhymes were truly a much-needed source of entertainment and escape from the repressive Victorian society. Despite being born and raised in England, Lear travelled abroad for most of his adult life. During his travels, he loved to draw animals and landscapes. He especially liked birds. Lear adored his friends and his dear cat named Sanreno. He eventually built the house of his dreams in Italy, where he passed away at the age of 75 in 1888. 1) What kind of children’s literature was common before the writings of Lear? Ans. 2) What did Lear love to do during his travels? Ans. 3) Write the types of the following sentences. a) Lear travelled abroad for most of his adult life. Ans. b) How were children raised during the Victorian times? Ans. c) Wow! This is an excellent limerick. Ans. 4) The word from the passage that rhymes with the word ‘tense’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) illustrator a) strict and harsh 2) evergreen b) a person who draws pictures for publications 3) repressive c) forever remembered 46 Pinnacle_G5_G&C_T3.indb 46 04/10/2019 15:37:25
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