202110195-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH-G09-PART1

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SESSION 1 HUMOUR THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR – READING 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun vest gable a garment worn upper part of a wall under a shirt / a below a sloping roof piece of underwear parting thud a line on a person’s (here) a dull sound head where the hair is made when a heavy divided object falls hood mascara (here) a structure on the a substance put on head of a snake eyelashes to make them look dark and vermilion thick bright red in colour sprinter a fast runner UNIT 1 HUMOUR 2

Adjective LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR full-blooded meagre strong small in quantity solitary molten single heated to a very high temperature reedy not pleasant; wriggled also thin, tall and moved by twisting and slender like a reed turning plant leapt Verb jumped pace 3 to walk up and down many times coiled wound into a series of circles UNIT 1 HUMOUR

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR smeared lurk(ed) (v) spread an oily be about / lie in wait substance over a surface feebly weakly Adverb attentively listening or watching carefully and with interest Idioms at close quarters very near; from a short distance away 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary In this story, a doctor narrates a close encounter that he had with a snake. As his earnings were meagre, he lived in a small rented room. At that time, he had about sixty rupees in his suitcase and his possessions were some shirts, dhotis and one solitary black coat. He returned to his room after his meal. When he opened the door of his room, he heard a noise from above. He thought that it was rats. He was used to those sounds. He lit the kerosene lamp and took off his black coat, shirt and vest. He lay down on his bed but could not sleep. He went to the veranda for a little air. He came back and sat down on the chair. Then he opened the book “The Material Medica”. He tried to go through it but was tempted to look into a mirror which was in front of him. As he was a great admirer of beauty, he ran his comb through his hair and adjusted the parting. Again he heard the sound from above. He ignored the sound and looked at his face in the mirror. Then he took an important decision that he should shave daily and grow a thin moustache to look more handsome. He also decided to keep an attractive smile. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 4

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR He wanted to marry a lady doctor who has plenty of money and a good medical practice. He also wanted her to be fat so that she would not be able to run after him and catch him if he made some silly mistake. With these thoughts in his mind, he resumed his seat in the chair. Then he heard a dull thud sound and a fat snake wriggled over the back of the chair and landed on his shoulder. The snake moved along his shoulder and coiled around his left arm. The doctor sat there holding his breath. He was like a stone image in the flesh. He felt the presence of God and prayed to him. The snake was powerfully crushing his arm. Death was only four inches away from him. Then the snake turned its head towards the mirror and saw its reflection. The snake un-wound itself from his arm and slowly moved into his lap. It moved towards the mirror. When the snake took its body completely onto the table, the doctor got up from the chair holding his breath. He went out quietly and started running towards his friend’s house. He did not stop his running till he reached his friend’s house. The next morning he returned to his room along with his friend and one or two others to move his things from there. There he found that a thief had already stolen most of his things. The thief just left the doctor’s dirty vest behind. 1.3 Reading and Comprehension - About the Author Vaikom Muhammad Basheer (21January1908–5July1994) was a Malayalam fiction writer from the state of Kerala in India. He was a humanist, freedom fighter, novelist and a short story writer. He is noted for his down–to–earth style of writing that made him equally popular among literary critics as well as the common man. He is regarded as one of the most successful and outstanding writers from India. Translations of his works into other languages have won him worldwide acclaim. The story “The Snake and the Mirror” was translated into English. His notable works include 'Baalyakaalasakhi', 'Shabdangal', 'Mathilukel' and 'Anarga Nimisham'. He was awarded Padma Shri in 1982. He is fondly remembered as the 'Beypore Sultan'. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 5

SESSION 2 THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. The doctor heard a sound coming from above three times. What was it? A. The sound that the doctor heard thrice, coming from above was of a snake. Q2. Why did the doctor sit like a statue? A. The doctor sat like a statue because the snake had coiled itself around his left arm and its hood was just a few inches from his face. He feared that it would strike him if he moved. Q3. What made the doctor forget his fears and have a sense of relief? A. When it saw its reflection. the snake uncoiled itself and turned its attention to the mirror. This made the doctor forget his fears and have a sense of relief. Q4. Did the snake admire its beauty? Yes or no? Pick the lines from the passage in support of your answer. A. Yes, I think the snake admired its beauty. The lines, “It looked into the mirror and saw its reflection”, and “perhaps it wanted to enjoy its reflection at closer quarters,” suggest this. Q5. Why did the doctor want to marry a woman doctor? What kind of woman doctor would he like to marry? A. The doctor wanted to marry a woman doctor who was rich and had a good medical practice, as he wanted to have plenty of money. He also wanted his wife to be fat so that she would not be able to run after him and catch him if he made some silly mistake. Q6. What did the doctor think about the snake when it looked into the mirror? A. When the snake looked into the mirror, the doctor thought that it could be admiring its own beauty or it could be trying to make an important decision like growing a moustache or using eye shadow and mascara or wearing a vermilion on its forehead. Q7. Why did the doctor run to his friend’s house? Did the snake want to harm the doctor? Why or why not? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 6

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR A. The doctor ran to his friend’s house as he was frightened by the close encounter that he had with the snake. It probably did not want to harm the doctor. As the doctor sat like a stone, it might have thought that there was no danger from him. At the same time, the snake was attracted to its reflection in the mirror. So, it moved away without harming him. Q8. Here is a list of sentences from the story. Tick the sentences that tell you that the author was afraid of the snake. A. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 7

SESSION 3 THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR – VOCABULARY 3.1 Vocabulary I. Word Meanings Tick ( √ ) the correct meaning of the words underlined below. Q1. The house was not electrified. a) There was no electricity in the house. b) The house was not away from the electricity board. c) The house was not lit up. A. (a) Q2. The earnings were meagre. a) very high b) very small c) nil A. (b) Q3. I also possessed one solitary black coat. a) single b) unique c) expensive A. (a) Q4. I made another earth–shaking decision. a) valuable b) dangerous c) important A. (c) Q5. The room was surrounded by darkness. a) full of b) covered c) encircled A. ( c ) UNIT 1 HUMOUR 8

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR Q6. Some thief had removed most of my things. a) damaged b) destroyed c) stolen A. ( c ) II. Words Related to Sounds Read the following sentence from the text and notice the underlined word. Suddenly there came a dull thud as if a rubber tube had fallen to the ground. “Thud” means to fall with a low dull sound. Q1. Here is a list of words related to sounds. Say what these words mean. Refer to a dictionary. A. Meaning Word bang A loud sound caused when something hard hits something else. clang A loud metallic sound buzz A continuous noise like the sound of a bee. ring The sound made by a bell. III. Linkers Q1. Use the linkers given in the box to complete the story. A linker may be used more than once. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 9

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR A. A young doctor lived in a village. The doctor told his friends an interesting story about himself and a cobra. It was a hot summer night. When he opened the door, he heard a sound which was well known to him. He and rats shared the same room. There was no electricity in the house. So, he took out a box of matches and lit a kerosene lamp. He took off his clothes and lay down but he could not sleep. He got up from the bed and started reading a story–book. Near the table, there was a mirror, which tempted him to look into at himself. He was unmarried so he was particular about his handsomeness. He wanted to marry a woman doctor who had plenty of money and should be fat. While he was having such thoughts, suddenly he felt as if a rubber tube had fallen to the ground when a snake landed on his shoulder. At that time, the only thing he could do was to pray to God. The snake would bite him at any moment but suddenly it turned its head and started admiring its beauty in the mirror. The doctor was thus saved. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 10

SESSION 4 THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR – GRAMMAR 4.1 Grammar I. Past Perfect and Simple Past Read the following sentence from the story. We found we had little to carry. Some thief had removed most of my things. In the above two sentences, the first one is in the simple past (found, had) and the second is in the past perfect tense (had removed). As you can see, the action which occurred earlier is expressed in the past perfect tense, whereas the action which occurred later is expressed in the simple past tense. Here are a few more examples. 1. Sujatha had arrived at the station before the train came. 2. The doctor arrived after the patient had died. 3. I bought the ticket as soon as I boarded the bus. When two actions occur nearly simultaneously in the past, both are expressed in the simple past tense (exceptional case). Now combine the following pair of sentences using the past perfect and the simple past. (use after, before or when as linkers) Q1. I brushed my teeth. I took my breakfast. (or) A. After I had brushed my teeth, I took my breakfast. I had brushed my teeth before I took my breakfast. Q2. She started to go to the market. It rained heavily. (or) A. After she had started to go to the market, it rained heavily. When she had started to go to market, it rained heavily. Q3. He completed his homework. He went to bed. (or) A. Before he went to bed, he had completed his homework. He had completed his homework before he went to bed . UNIT 1 HUMOUR 11

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR Q4. I finished my dinner. Then my father came. (or) A. When my father came, I had finished my dinner. I had finished my dinner before my father came. Q5. I fell seriously ill. I met my family doctor. (or) A. When I had fallen seriously ill, I met my family doctor. After I had fallen seriously ill, I met my family doctor. Q6. I locked the door. I went out to meet my friend at a restaurant. (or) A. After I had locked the door, I went out to meet my friend at a restaurant. I went out to meet my friend at a restaurant after I had locked the door. II. Phrasal Verbs: Look at the following phrasal verbs and their meanings. 1. take out – to remove something from inside. 2. set up – to arrange for something; to happen/ to start 3. take off – to remove 4. lie down – to take rest 5. take time off – to take some time for something 6. look into – to observe oneself keenly 7. look at – to examine something 8. get up – to wake up 9. change into – to turn into 10. leave behind – to leave something as a token or memory or gift As you can see, a phrasal verb is a unit of a verb and one or more prepositions. It cannot be understood on the basis of the meanings of the individual parts in isolation, rather it must be taken as a whole. Q1. Use the above phrasal verbs in the blanks. Make necessary changes in the verb forms. A. Venkata Rao was a rich man. He wanted to set up some business in the town. So he took out a lot of money from the bank. On an auspicious day, he started his medical business, which increased by leaps and bounds. He became so busy that he could not take time off for any rest. He used to get up very early in the morning and go to his office. In the afternoon, he would take off his shirt and lie down on his couch in the office. After a nap, he would put on his shirt. Then he would look into the mirror and look at himself admiringly. Anyhow, he left behind some fame in the town even when he went abroad. Everybody believed that he changed into a new man. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 12

SESSION 5 THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR – WRITING 5.1 Writing Q. Write a descriptive essay on any unusual or humorous incident you may have witnessed or experienced. A. Yesterday, we played a cricket match against a team from St. George’s High School Team. I will never forget that match. You know, we won! I can’t believe that we won the match because of the catch I took. I am very happy! I used to feel that cricket is not my game and I am not very good either at batting or bowling. I haven’t played much cricket till the day my coach asked me to be a part of our school cricket team. Our coach did not select me first. Our team had been practising for this match for the past one month. Mala / M ahesh dropped out on Tuesday, as she / he was not well. Our coach called me on Tuesday evening and informed that I would be playing the match in place of Mala / Mahesh. I was very nervous because I had not practiced with our team even once. On Wednesday, we all met around 7.30 am in our school’s playground. From there, along with our coach, we went to L.B. Stadium. Our team captain Sania / Sohan won the toss and elected to bat first. Our team scored 150 runs. Luckily for me, I didn’t get a chance to bat. When St. George’s School team came to bat, my captain asked me to stand next to the wicket keeper (it’s called first slip). Nothing happened in the first 5 overs. No ball came near me. I didn’t have to do anything except standing there. I was getting bored. The opposition team needed 15 runs in the last over to win the match. They scored 12 runs and needed 3 runs for the last ball. Suddenly everything changed. The opposition player hit the ball. The wicket-keeper and other players of our team started shouting ‘catch’. . . ‘catch’. . . I saw the ball coming towards me. I thought the ball would hit my head. I put my hands up to protect myself. The ball surprisingly landed in my hand. I held on to the ball. Every member of our team shouted aloud – ‘OUT’! Since it was the last ball of the match, we won the match. I was the hero for the rest of the day. Everybody congratulated our team and me. It is important for every member of the team to contribute and be alert on the field to win. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 13

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR Q. Preparation of a poster. Tell the names of some important events/happenings. If you want to publicise the matter, what would you do? Look at the poster given below. Q. Who issued the poster? A. Sri N. Peraiah, the President of the Kandukuru laughing club issued the poster. Q. What is the purpose of the poster? A. The purpose of the poster is to choose the best write – up on the role of comedy in Telugu, Urdu and English languages. Q. What is the deadline? A. July 27 is the deadline. Q. What are the other details highlighted? A. The other highlighted details are the name of the laughing club, the name of the prize, the cash prize etc. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 14

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR Q. What should be highlighted in a poster? A. The items such as theme, occasion, name of the award, prize amount, deadline, issuing agency etc., should be highlighted. Q. Who are the target audience of the poster? A. Print Media Journalists. Now prepare a poster using the information given below by arranging it in a proper sequence. Highlights Information Theme Humour Occasion The Laughter Day Category Stories, Songs, Poems, Essays, Articles and Cartoons Award Best Comic Writer Award Prize Amount Rs. 10,000 Contact No. 9701759549 Deadline 9th August Issued by ABC Laughing Club, Mummidivaram, East Godavari Dist. – 533216 Target Writers, Journalists, Poets, Essayists, Audience Cartoonists and Lyricists. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 15

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR A. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 16

SESSION 6 THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR – STUDY AND LISTENING 6.1 Study and Listening Study Skills I. Here is a short narration. Read it carefully and make a list of important points. Sugget a sutiable title for it. Q1. The young doctor married a rich fat foreign woman. He told her the episode of ‘The Snake and the Mirror’. She laughed heartily. He went on talking about cobras and some funny facts (associated) related to them. He said to her, “Cobras are the most poisonous, active and dangerous snakes. But, surprisingly, most Hindus worship them. It is funny to know that some women drop eggs and pour milk into the ant hills where cobras usually reside. It is funny to know that some people believe cobras dance to the tunes of charmers. In fact, they have no ears. It is equally humorous to be aware of the fact that most cobra victims go to the charmers instead of the doctors. The charmers enchant some so–called mantras taking some neem leaves into their hands. The cobra victim dies and they say the victim came late to them. It is funnier to know that some farmers cremate cobras and perform funeral rites as if one of the members of their family has died.” “Are there any other funny stories related to cobras?” the young wife enquired. “Yes. There are so many stories to tell but I will tell them tomorrow. The patients may be waiting for me at the hospital.” The doctor said and left for the hospital in a hurry. A. Title : The Funny Beliefs Associated with Cobras i) Some women drop eggs and milk into the ant hills where cobras usually reside as a way of worshipping them. ii) Some people believe cobras dance to the tunes of charmers. iii) Most of the cobra victims go to the charmers instead of the doctors. iv) Some farmers cremate cobras and perform funeral rites as if one of the members of their family has died. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 17

LESSON 1-THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR Listening Skills I. Answer the following questions. Q1. What made the old man talk to the boys? A. The old man had to put up with the nuisance of having boys play cricket outside his home, at night. One evening, the boys were particularly noisy. This made the old man talk to the boys. Q2. Why did the boys stop playing cricket in the night outside the old man’s house? A. At first, the old man told the boys that he would give them Rs. 25/– each week to play in the street at night. The boys were thrilled as they were being paid to do something they enjoyed. So they agreed happily. He paid Rs. 25/–, –at the end of the first week. At the end of the second week, he paid Rs.15/– only and told them he had run out of money. The third week, he paid them only Rs. 10/–and told them he had not yet received his pension. The fourth week, he told them he could only pay them Rs. 5/– each without fail. This angered the boys. So, they left the place and never played on the street again. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 18

SESSION 7 THE DUCK AND THE KANGAROO – READING 7.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun reflection worsted socks thought / careful thought woolen socks web feet cloak feet that have toes a coat that protects connected by from cold membrane (like a duck or a frog, for example) ride a short journey roo-matiz a disease that makes the muscles and joints painful the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee wonderful places imagined by the poet UNIT 1 HUMOUR 19

Verb LESSON 2-THE DUCK AND THE KANGAROO hop long move by jumping want / wish very much Adjective bold (here) frank 7.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary The Duck and the Kangaroo are good friends. They love each other. The Duck wondered about the Kangaroo’s ability to hop over the fields and water. The Duck got bored with his life in the dirty pond and longed to go out in the world. He wished that he could also hop like the Kangaroo. The Duck requested the Kangaroo to give him a ride on his back. He promised that he would sit quite still and say nothing but ‘quack’. He wanted to go to the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee. The Kangaroo, after some thought, agreed to give the Duck a ride on his back, as he hoped that it might bring him luck. But, he was afraid that the duck would give him the roo–matiz with his wet and cold feet. The Duck came up with a solution. He bought for himself, four pairs of woolen socks which fit his web feet neatly. He also bought a cloak to keep out the cold. He said that he will smoke a cigar every day,to keep warm. The Kangaroo told the Duck that he was ready and asked him to sit steadily at the end of his tail. They, then hopped around the whole world three times. There was no one as happy as the Duck and the Kangaroo. 7.3 Reading and Comprehension - About the Author Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was a British artist, illustrator, author, and poet, renowned today primarily for his literary nonsense, in a poetry and prose. In his childhood, he suffered from ill health. After a long decline in health, he died of heart disease. His principal areas of work as an artist were threefold: as a draughtsman, employed to illustrate birds and animals; making coloured drawings during his journeys; as an author, Lear is principally known for his popular nonsense works, rather than as a travel writer. These show a great ability to use with relish the sound of real and invented English words. The poem 'The Duck and the Kangaroo' is a poem with a touch of light humour. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 20

SESSION 8 THE DUCK AND THE KANGAROO – LITERATURE 8.1 Literature - QA Q1. Why did the Duck get bored in life? What did it want to do? A. The duck got bored in life as it was confined to the pond only. It wanted to see the world beyond the pond. Q2. What problem did the Kangaroo find with the Duck? How was it solved? A. The Kangaroo thought that the Duck’s feet were unpleasantly wet and cold and they could cause him the roo–matiz, a disease which makes the muscles and joints painful. This problem was solved by the Duck when he bought four pairs of woolen socks which would fit his webbed feet neatly. The Duck would wear the socks when he sat on the Kangaroo’s back. Q3. Who was happy in the end? Why? A. Both the Duck and the Kangaroo were happy. The Duck could go out of the pond and hop around. The Kangaroo too enjoyed the ride with a friend. Q4. What is the underlying message in the poem? A. Firstly, if we get bored with our present life, we should try to do different things to make life more interesting. Secondly, in the poem, we see that when the bored Duck requested the Kangaroo to give him a ride on his back to see the world, the Kangaroo, like a good friend, agreed and fulfilled the Duck’s wish, The Duck resolved the problem of his cold feet which could cause the roo-matiz to the Kangaroo. This shows that real friends take care of each other. Q5. Read the above poem once again and choreograph it as described here under. Do you know how to process choreography? Here is the process. Think of the following. 1. How do we begin the poem? (Sing the poem three or four times to register the tune and rhythm.) 2. What are the characters in the poem? (The Duck and the Kangaroo) UNIT 1 HUMOUR 21

LESSON 2-THE DUCK AND THE KANGAROO 3. What is the theme of the poem? (Wish of the Duck to go around the world (or) (Develop an understanding between friends to make each others life better) 4. What is the theme of each stanza? (sub themes) 5. Convert the themes into incidents and performable actions. 6. What are the actions involved in the poem? Boredom with present life (feelings of boredom, pain) Desire to go round the world (miming) Wearing socks and smoking cigarettes (joy) Displeasure due to wet and cold feet (gestures) Sitting on Kangaroo at the end of the tail (miming) Joy (facial expression and gestures) 7. Who are the characters involved? (The Duck, the Kangaroo and other creatures in the pond like frogs, fish, etc. 8. Where does the incident take place (location)? (By the side of the pond) 9. Presentation of the choreography on the stage: The chorus team sings the poem. The characters perform their actions. The action of the Duck and the Kangaroo – expressing boredom. wish, discomfort, joy etc. The actions relates to miming, facial expressions and gestures Actions related to hopping, sitting, walking and jumping A. Pupil’s Activity. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 22

SESSION 9 LITTLE BOBBY – READING 9.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun troublemaker altar a person who often a holy table in a church causes trouble Verb reflect tore think split something into pieces kidnap to take away (someone) deserved by force in order to keep qualified to have him/her as a prisoner something and demand money or something valuable in return stumped walked noisily in an upset mood UNIT 1 HUMOUR 23

LESSON 3-LITTLE BOBBY 9.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary Little Bobby was a troublemaker. He had gotten into trouble at school and at home. He told his mother that he wanted a bike for his birthday. She asked him if he thought he deserved to get a bike. She advised him to write a letter to God telling him why he deserved a bike for his birthday. Little Bobby went upstairs along with his pet and started writing a letter to God. In his first letter, he wrote that he would like a red bike for his birthday as he had been a very good boy that year. As he knew that it was not true, he tore the letter up. In his second and third letters, he wrote that he would like a bike for his birthday as he had been a good boy and an ok boy. He tore the third letter and he knew that he wouldn’t send the third letter to God. So in his fourth letter, he said sorry as he hadn’t been a good boy that year. He also wrote that he would be a good boy if God sent him a bike for his birthday. He knew that this letter wouldn’t give him a bike. He was very upset and went to church. He entered the church and reached the altar. He stole the statue of Mary, the mother of God and ran to his house. He went into his room and wrote the fifth letter to God. He wrote that he had kidnapped God’s mom and demanded God to send him the bike if he wanted to see her again. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 24

SESSION 10 LITTLE BOBBY – LITERATURE 10.1 Literature - QA Q1. Which is the most humorous action? Give reasons in support of your answer. A. The most humorous action was kidnapping the statue of Mary, the mother of God from the church and demanding that God give him a bike in return for Mother Mary. Q2. If you wanted a bike, what would you write to God? A. If I wanted a bike, I would write to God: Dear God, Forgive me for all the bad and naughty things that I have done till now. Please show your mercy upon me. I request you to gift me with a blue bike for my birthday for which I will be grateful to you. I promise that I will never misbehave again and grace me with your blessings. your loving child Xyz Q3. Would you like the behaviour of Little Bobby? Why or why not? Give a reason. A. No, I do not like the behaviour of Little Bobby. Instead of being good he chose the wrong path. Instead of thinking whether he really deserved a bike and changing his behaviour, he thought that he could get what he wanted by threatening God. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 25

SESSION 12 THEME - HUMOUR – SELF - ASSESSMENT 12.1 Self-Assessment How well have I understood this unit? Read and tick in the appropriate box. Indicators Yes Somewhat No I read and understood the text: A. The Snake and the Mirror B. The Duck and the Kangaroo C. Little Bobby I was able to do the exercise given under ‘Vocabulary’. I was able to use the combination of ‘the Past Perfect and the Simple Past’. I was able to use the phrasal verbs given under ‘Grammar’. I was able to write a descriptive essay on a humorous incident. I was able to prepare a poster. I listened to and understood the story ‘Master of the Game’ and answered the questions. I was able to choreograph the poem ‘The Duck and the Kangaroo’. I was able to make a list of important points from the given narration under ‘Study Skills’. and suggest a suitable title. I was able to complete the ‘Project Work’. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 26

LESSON 4-THEME - HUMOUR Student’s Activity The poem below is full of sound/symbol surprises in English. I take it you already know. A moth is not the moth in mother. Of tough and bough and cough and dough? Nor both in bother, broth in brother; Some falter, (but I think not you). And here is not a match for there, On hiccough, thorough, tough and through. Nor dear and fear for bear and pear— Well done! And now you wish, perhaps, And then there’s dose and rose and lose; To learn of less familiar traps? Just look these up, with goose and choose. Beware of heard, a dreadful word, Now, cork and work; and card and ward; That looks like beard and sounds like bird. And font and front; and word and sword; And dead; It’s said like bed not bead— And do and go; and thwart and cart— For goodness sake, don’t call it deed! Come, come, I’ve hardly made a start! Watch out for meat and great and threat A dreadful language? Sakes alive! They rhyme with suite and straight and debt. I’d mastered it when I was five! Anonymous 1 . Do ‘tough’, ‘bough’, ‘cough’ and ‘dough’ sound the same? A: No, they do not sound the same. 2. Pick four sets of rhyming words. a. meet –suite b. great –straight c. threat –debt d. heard –bird e. lose –choose UNIT 1 HUMOUR 27

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR ­­­­­­­­­­ CCE Based Practice Questions ­­­­­­­­­ THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR Reading and Comprehension (Unseen Passage) Session 1 1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. A month after the “Himalayan Tsunami”, news channels have turned their attention to more sensational “current” issues. A few days ago, they were blaring that it was not a Himalayan tragedy - it was a Himalayan blunder! We should have known better than to build bumper dams along mountain rivers in an ecologically fragile zone, the dynamics of which we understand very little. During the Uttarakhand disaster, many were in agreement that indiscriminate and senseless “development” was one of the predominant culprits in the sensitive and fragile eco-zone; hydropower development being perceived as a prime contributor. I. Choose the correct alternative. 1. The Himalayan eco­system is a __________ [] A. temperate zone B. fragile zone C. torrid zone D. frigid zone 2. __________ was one of the main reasons for the disaster. [] A. urban development B. rural development C. urban zoning D. senseless development II. Answer the following: 3. What has been the result of unbalanced development? 4. Where have the dams been built? 5. What was the main purpose of these dams? 6. What has been the attitude of the news channels? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 28

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passages) Session 2 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"I ran and ran till I reached a friend's house. Immediately, I smeared oil all over myself and took a bath. I changed into fresh clothes. The next morning, at about eight-thirty, I took my friend and one or two others to my room to move my things from there. But we found we had little to carry. Some thief had removed most of my things. The room had been cleaned out! But not really, the thief had left behind one thing as a final insult!\" a. Who is the speaker here? b. Why did the speaker run and run? c. Why did the speaker smear oil all over himself? II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. One feels tempted to look into a mirror when it is near. I took a look. In those days I was a great admirer of beauty and I believed in making myself look handsome. I was unmarried and was a doctor. a. What was the marital status of the narrator? b. What did the narrator believe in? c. What was the profession of the narrator? III. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. I would get married to a woman doctor who had plenty of money and a good medical practice. She had to be fat; for a valid reason. If I made some silly mistake and needed to run away she should not be able to run after me and catch me. a. Who did the narrator want to marry? b. What was the valid reason for the narrator to marry a fat woman? c. Did the narrator end up marrying the woman of his choice? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 29

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR IV. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"My vest, The dirty one. The fellow had such a sense of cleanliness...! The rascal could have taken it and used it after washing it with soap and water.\" a. Who says these words? b. Who is 'the fellow' here? c. Why does the narrator call the other person a 'rascal'? V. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"Has a snake ever coiled itself around any part of your body? A full-blooded cobra?\" VI. What do you think is the narrator's tone in asking these questions? VII. Who does the narrator address? VIII. What work does the narrator do? VI. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"No,\" the doctor said, \"God willed otherwise. My life companion is a thin, reedy person with the gift of a sprinter.\" a. What question was the doctor answering here? b. 'God willed otherwise' What was the will of the narrator? c. What does the phrase 'life companion' mean? VII. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"I changed into fresh clothes. The next morning, at about eight-thirty, I took my friend and one or two others to my room to move my things from there. But we found we had little to carry. Some thief had removed most of my things. The room had been cleaned out! \" a. Where did the speaker spend the night? b. What had happened while the speaker was away from his room ? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 30

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR VIII. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"I got up, lit a beedi and paced up and down the room. Then another lovely thought struck me.\" a. Who is 'I' in the line? b. What was the lovely thought that struck the narrator? IX. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. I picked up my comb and ran it through my hair and adjusted the parting so that it looked straight and neat. Again I heard the sound from above. a. Why did the narrator adjust his parting? b. What was the sound that he heard from above? X. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"My vest, The dirty one. The fellow had such a sense of cleanliness...! The rascal could have taken it and used it after washing it with soap and water.\" a. Why did the 'rascal' leave the vest behind? b. Do you think the narrator admired the thief's sense of cleanliness? XI. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. \"I made and important decision.\" a. Who made the decision? b. What was the decision that he made? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 31

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR Vocabulary Session 3 I. Read the passage and choose the synonyms of the highlighted words. \"I was no (i) mere image cut in granite. I was suddenly a man of flesh and blood. Still holding my breath I got up from the chair. I quietly went through the door into the verandah. From there I (ii) leapt into the yard and ran for all I was (iii) worth.\" \"Phew!\" Each of us heaved a (iv) sigh of relief. (i) A. only B. costly C. useful [] (ii) A. stamped B. fell C. jumped [] (iii) A. able B. recognition C. valuable [] (iv) A. anger B. deep breath C. frown [] One feels (i) tempted to look into a mirror when it is near. I took a look. In those days I was a great (ii) admirer of beauty and I (iii) believed in making myself look (iv) handsome. (i) A. delicate B. separated C. desired [] (ii) A. teacher B. lover C. thief [] (iii) A. considered B. understood C. valued [] (iv) A. smiling B. serious C. good-looking [] II. Read the passage and choose the antonyms of the highlighted words. There was some pain in my (i) left arm. It was as if a (ii) thick leaden rod - no, a rod made of (iii) molten fire - was slowly but (iv) powerfully crushing my arm. (i) A. taken B. right C. wrong [] (ii) A. thin B. wide C. broad [] (iii) A. hot B. solid C. liquid [] (iv) A. angrily B. kindly C. weakly [] I took a (i) close look at my face in the mirror. I made an (ii) important decision. I would shave (iii) daily and grow a thin moustache to make myself look more (iv) handsome. (i) A. open B. distant C. near [] (ii) A. useless B. simple C. valuable [] (iii) A. regularly B. often C. rarely [] (iv) A. ugly B. charming C. pleasant [] UNIT 1 HUMOUR 32

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR III. Read the passage and write the correct form of the words in the brackets. 1. It would not be (i) _____________ (correction) to say merely that I sat there holding my (ii) _____________ (breathe). I was turned into stone.But my mind was very (iii) _____________ (action). The door opened into (iv) _____________ (dark). 2. All of us fell (i) _____________ (silence).The question came from the homeopath.The topic came up when we were (ii) _____________ (discussion) snakes.We listened (iii) _____________ (attention) as the doctor (iv) _____________ (continue) with the tale. IV. Complete the following words using ai, ei, ie, ea, ae, oo, ou, io etc. 1. i. m _ _ gre ii. b_ _ m 2. i. ben_ _th ii. marr_ _d 3. i. b_ _uty ii. admirat_ _n 4. i. unw_ _nd ii. immed_ _tely V. Complete the following words using the correct suffix or inflection. 1. sprint_____ (er/or) 2. medi______ (sine/cine) 3. uni______ (werse/ verse) 4. bachel_____ (or/er) VI. Find the wrongly spelt word in each set and write it correctly. 1. resumed supporting ceileing delicate 2. windows posessed suitcase regular 3. wearing appreciated image desision VII. Arrange the following sets of word under the correct headings. 1. sleep, enjoy, run away, wriggle, set up, taken with slither, look into Verbs Phrasal Verbs 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 33

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR 2. set in, who, look out, go against, when, but, leave behind, as if Linkers Phrasal Verbs 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. VIII. Complete the sentences using the correct collocations. rented, look, open, closer, plenty, roof 1. Our house had a tiled with long supporting gables. at 2. He took a close his face in the mirror. 3. Perhaps the snake wanted to enjoy its reflection at quarters. 4. It was an outer room with one wall facing the yard. 5. It was a small room. 6. He wanted to marry a woman doctor who had of money and a good medical practice. Grammar Session 4 I. Complete the following passage choosing the right word from those given below. Little Bobby came into the kitchen __(1)__ his mother was making dinner. His birthday was coming up and he thought it was a good time to __(2)__ his mother what he wanted. Mom, I want a bike for my birthday. Little Bobby was a bit __(3)__a troublemaker. He __(4)__ gotten into trouble at home and at school. Bobby’s mother asked him if he thought he__(5)__ a bike for his birthday. 1. (A) who (B) where (C) when (D) how 2. (A) told (B) telling (C) tell (D) tale 3. (A) off (B) of (C) after (D) often 4. (A) has (B) have (C) having (D) had 5. (A) deceive (B) apple (C) deer (D) deserved UNIT 1 HUMOUR 34

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR II. Edit the following passage correcting the highlighted words. 1. As the banyan tree grows, it (i) sent (ii) areal roots down the trunk of the supporting tree. In time, the (iii) routes that reach the ground (iv) chocked the host tree by (v) prevention its trunk from enlarging. 2. Triveni was a very (i) populous writer in the Kannada language. She was a (ii) wonder writer Her style was easy to read and very (iii) convince. Her stories usually (iv) dealing with complex (v) sycological problems in the lives of ordinary people. 3. Combine the sentences using 'if', 'though', 'which', 'who'. 1. I made some silly mistake and needed to run away. She should not be able to run after and catch me. 2. I would get married to a woman doctor. She had plenty of money and a good medical practice. 3. I was turned to stone. My mind was very active. 4. It was a snake. It was taken with its own beauty. IV. Change the sentences to their passive form. 1. I've never seen it since. 2. Some thief had removed most of my things. 3. I took off my black coat. 4. Again I heard that noise from above. V. Change the sentences to reported speech. 1. \"Has a snake ever coiled itself round any part of your body?\" the doctor said to us. 2. \"Is your wife fat?\" said somebody to the doctor. 3. \"Did you see the snake the next day, doctor?\" I asked. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 35

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR VI. Combine the sentences using 'no sooner' or 'not only...but also' . 1. I had turned. A fat snake wriggled over the back of the chair and landed on my shoulder. 2. I reached a friend's house. I smeared oil all over myself and took a bath. 3. The snake slithered along my shoulder. It coiled around my left arm below the elbow. VII. Combine the sentences using 'as' or 'when' . 1. We were discussing snakes. The topic came up. 2. The snake landed on my shoulder. I was turned to stone. 3. I heard a noise from above. I opened the door. 4. One feels tempted to look into a mirror. It is near. VIII. Give a suitable advice or suggestion in the given situation . 1. Your friend has fallen into debt. Advise him to cut down on his expenses and work hard. 2. Your sister is unwell. Advise her to stay at home and take rest. 3. Your sister asks you to pick her up from her dance class. Advise her to wait in the class till you arrive. IX. Change the following into a polite request. 1. You to your neighbour : I want a dictionary. 2. You to the shopkeeper : I want change for a hundred rupee note. 3. An old man to a boy : Help me lift this box. 4. You to a stranger : When is the next train to Chennai? X. Choose the correct phrase. 1. What would you say to a newly-wed couple at their wedding? a. Happy anniversary! b. Good wishes for a happy married life! [ ] UNIT 1 HUMOUR 36

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR 2. You went missing at a busy tourist area. Finally your parents find you. What do you say? a. Nonsense! b. Mom, where were you? [] 3. You are introduced to a newcomer at a party. He says, \"How do you do?\" What will you reply? A. How do you do? XI. Identify the expression. 1. Hello! Who is speaking? a. enquiry b. apology c. suggestion [] c. choosing an offer [] 2. Would you like to have a cup of coffee? c. giving permission [] a. taking help b. making an offer 3. You may go now. a. taking permission b. giving advice !#%
!# \"\"  I. The doctor wanted to marry a wealthy lady doctor with a good medical practice. Imagine that he meets such a woman. Write a possible conversation between them. II. Little Bobby picked up the small statue of Mary, the mother of God. You are James, Bobby's friend and you did not like his action. Write a possible conversation between the two of you. III. Write a paragraph describing the famous Indian author R.K. Narayan. Hints : x Birth-October 10, 1906, Chennai x Occupation-novelist, short-story writer x Father-headmaster x Brother-famous cartoonist, R.K. Laxman x Married-Rajam in 1939 x Notable work(s)-Swami and Friends x Died-May 13, 2001 (aged 94) UNIT 1 HUMOUR 37

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR IV. Prepare a poster using the information given below by arranging it in a proper sequence. Highlights Theme Conserve water Occasion World environment day – June 5th Category Stories, Songs, Poems, Essays, Articles and Cartoons Award Best Drawing Prize Amount Rs. 10,000 Contact No. 9701759549 Deadline 5th May Issued by Nature Friends Club, Labbipet, Vijayawada, AP – 520010 Target Audience Students V. Read the poem “Lobster Quadrille” and choreograph it in steps. The Lobster­quadrille – by Lewis Carroll \"Will you walk a little faster?\" said a whiting to a snail, \"There's a porpoise close behind us, and he's treading on my tail. See how eagerly the lobsters and the turtles all advance! They are waiting on the shingle -- will you come and join the dance? Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, will you join the dance? Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't you join the dance? \"You can really have no notion how delightful it will be When they take us up and throw us, with the lobsters, out to sea!\" But the snail replied \"Too far, too far!\" and gave a look askance -- Said he thanked the whiting kindly, but he would not join the dance. Would not, could not, would not, could not, would not join the dance. Would not, could not, would not, could not, could not join the dance. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 38

THE SNAKE AND THE MIRROR \"What matters it how far we go?\" his scaly friend replied. \"There is another shore, you know, upon the other side. The further off from England the nearer is to France -- Then turn not pale, beloved snail, but come and join the dance. Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, will you join the dance? Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't you join the dance? 1. How do we begin the poem? 2. What are the characters in the poem? 3. What is the theme of the poem? 4. What is the theme of each stanza? (sub themes) 5. Convert the themes into incidents and performable actions. 6. What are the actions involved in the poem? 7. Who are the characters involved? 8. Where does the incident take place (location)? 9. Presentation of the choreography on the stage: • The chorus team sings the poem. • The characters perfom their action. • The action of the whiting and the snail - expressing displeasure, anxiety, wish, discomfort, encouragement, promise, assurance, adventure, scepticism, polite decline of offer, persuasion, etc. • Actions related to miming, facial expressions and gestures. • Actions related to hopping, sitting, walking, jumping, etc 10. When the snake slithered down the writer's leg, he leapt up and ran to his friend's house. Write a diary entry of the writer's inner feelings. UNIT 1 HUMOUR 39

THE DUCK AND THE KANGAROO THE DUCK AND THE KANGAROO Reading and Comprehension (Seen Poem) Session 6 1. Read the poem below and answer the questions. \"Please give me a ride on your back!\" Said the Duck to the Kangaroo. \"I would sit still, and say nothing but 'QUACK', The whole of the long day through! And we'd go to the Dee and the Jelly Bo Lee, Over the land, and over the sea; Please take me on a ride! O do!\" Said the Duck to the Kangaroo. a. What was the request made by the Duck? b. What did the Duck promise the Kangaroo? c. Where did the Duck wish to go with the Kangaroo? 2. Read the poem below and answer the questions. Said the Duck to the Kangaroo, \"Good gracious! How you hop! Over the fields and the water too, As if you never would stop! My life is a bore in this nasty pond, And I long to go out in the world beyond! I wish I could hop like you!\" Said the Duck to the Kangaroo. a. What was the wish of the Duck? b. What did the Duck find surprising about the Kangaroo's movements? c. Where did the Duck live? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 40

THE h<AND THE <E'ZKK 3. Read the poem below and answer the questions. Said the Kangaroo, \"I'm ready! All in the moonlight pale; But to balance me well, Dear Duck, sit steady! And quite at the end of my tail!\" So away they went with a hop an a bound, And they hopped the whole world three times round; And who so happy - O who, As the Duck and the Kangaroo. a. What did the Kangaroo ask the Duck? b. Why were they happy? 4. Read the poem below and answer the questions. Said the Duck, \"As I sat on the rocks, I have thought over that completely. And I bought four pairs of worsted socks Which fit my web feet neatly. And to keep out the cold I've bought a cloak, And everyday a cigar I'll smoke All to follow my own dear true Love of a Kangaroo!\" a. What were the preparations of the Duck for its travels? b. How would the Duck keep out the cold? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 41

LITTLE BOBBY LITTLE BOBBY Reading and Comprehension Session 7 1. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. It was a hot summer night about ten o'clock. I had my meal at the restaurant and returned to my room. I heard a noise from above as I opened the door. The sound was a familiar one. One could say that rats and I shared the room. I took out my box of matches and lit the kerosene lamp on the table. The house was not electrified; it was a small rented room. I had just set up a medical practice and my earnings were meagre. I had about sixty rupees in my suitcase. Along with some shirts and dhotis, I also possessed one solitary black coat which I was then wearing. I. Choose the correct alternative. 1. The word that means the same as ‘scanty’ or ‘sparse’ is – [] D. abundant A. too much B.just enough C. meagre 2. Which of these is not a sign of the author’s poverty? [] A. no electricity B. home-cooked food C. a solitary coat D. meagre earnings II. Answer the following: 3. Name the speaker’s possessions. 4. What was the speaker’s initial reaction to the noise? 5. How much money did the speaker have in his suitcase? Why were his earnings meagre? 6. Who shared the author’s room? Reading and Comprehension (Seen Passage) Session 8 I. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. God, I'VE KIDNAPPED YOUR MOM. IF YOU WANT TO SEE HER AGAIN, SEND THE BIKE!!! Bobby a. Who is writer of this letter? b. Who has been kidnapped? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 42

LITTLE BOBBY c. Who is referred to as 'MOM'? II. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. Bobby's mother wanted Bobby to reflect on his behaviour over the last year and said, \"Go to your room, Bobby, and think about how you have behaved this year. The write a letter to God and tell him why you deserve a bike for your birthday.\" a. What kind of a boy was Bobby? b. Why did the Mother want Bobby to write a letter to God? c. Did Bobby really deserve to get a bike? III. Read the following passage to answer the questions given below. God, I know I haven't been a good boy this year. I am very sorry. I will be a good boy if you just send me a bike for my birthday. Please! Thank you, Bobby a. Why was the writer sorry? b. Is the writer requesting or demanding for a bike? UNIT 1 HUMOUR 43

GAMES AND SPORTS SESSION 1 TRUE HEIGHT – READING 1.1 Reading and Comprehension - Word Meaning Noun astroturf pole vault a type of artificial grass a sport in which you surface used especially use a long pole to swing for sports grounds over a high barrier a bird’s-eye view motto a view of all aspects a saying that expresses of something aims and beliefs of a person obsession runway a state in which a (here) running track person’s mind is completely filled with a thought of one particular thing /person fantasy locomotives railway engines the activity of imagining things, especially things that are impossible or improbable persistence passion the fact of continuing something that you to try to do something enjoy or love doing despite difficulties very much UNIT 2 GAMES AND SPORTS 44

ritual LESSON 1-TRUE HEIGHT something that you do regularly, habitually eruption a sudden outbreak of accomplishment something something successful (here) shouting or or impressive that is applauding achieved after a lot of effort and hardwork farm chores work one does chunks of dirt regularly on the field a fairly large amount of soil regimented strict and organised Adjective finger-tipped hard-core the tips of fingers strong touching the ground oblivious ultimate not aware of final something; unaware accurate correct and true in every nerve-wracking detail making one feel very nervous and worried 45 awe-inspiring impressive UNIT 2 GAMES AND SPORTS

Verb LESSON 1-TRUE HEIGHT envision sprinting down have a vision of running at a very somebody or high speed something pursue swarmed with chase; surrounded by to follow in order to reach, catch or quench achieve to satisfy one’s thirst by drinking confront something to face soar strive to fly very high up in to try very hard to the sky achieve something groan startle a deep sound made to make someone to show pain, grief, suddenly surprised or sadness or slightly shocked pounding quest beating very hard a journey made in and quickly search of something UNIT 2 GAMES AND SPORTS 46

LESSON 1-TRUE HEIGHT 1.2 Reading and Comprehension - Summary This is the story of a blind pole–vaulter Michael Stone, who went on to win the National Junior Olympics and set a new world record. The day was a nerve–wracking day in Michael’s life as he prepared to take the ultimate test of his sports career. Pole–vault is truly the glamour event of any track and field competition. The pole–vaulter has both the grace of a gymnast and the strength of a bodybuilder. Pole–vaulting has the element of flying. Michael’s mother, Mildred Stone was a dreamer. She used to tell him a number of stories about flying when he was growing up. Her excitement and passion for details made Michael’s dreams full of colours and beauty. He began to dream to fly like an eagle as told in his mother’s stories. On the other hand, Michael’s father, Bert Stone was a hard–core realist. He believed in hard work and sweat. His motto was that one should work for something if one wants it. Michael did just that from the age of fourteen. He began a very careful and regimented weight lifting programme. He worked out every other day with weights, with some kind of running work on alternate days. Michael showed a lot of dedication and discipline to achieve his target. He not only practiced regularly but also helped his parents with their farm chores. His persistence in striving for perfection was not only his obsession but his passion. On the day of Junior Olympics, the pole was set at 17 feet which was three inches higher than his personal best. When he cleared it, he was surprised and thrilled. He immediately began preparing for his next attempt. Then he cleared the bar at 17 feet and 2 inches and 17 feet and 4 inches. His opponent had missed his final jump and he knew that he needed to clear his vault to win. The runway surprised him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He felt more and more tense. Then he envisioned his mother. His mother used to tell him to take deep breaths when he felt tense. He did the same. While shaking the tension from legs, he laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arm and upper body. He picked up his pole and he felt his heart pounding. Then he began sprinting. He took a deep breath and began to fly just as in his childhood dreams. He cleared the bar and landed safely. He envisioned the smile on his mother’s face. What he didn’t know was that his dad was hugging his wife and crying tears of pride. The people gathered around him, hugged him and congratulated him. He set a National and International Junior Olympics record by clearing 17 feet 6½ inches. He increased his personal best by 9½ inches. UNIT 2 GAMES AND SPORTS 47

SESSION 2 TRUE HEIGHT – LITERATURE 2.1 Literature - QA Q1. What was Michael Stone’s dream? A. Michael Stone’s dream was to fly. His mother used to tell him a number of stories about flying when he was growing up. Hence, he always dreamt of flying. Q2. What impact did his mother’s stories have on Michael? A. Michael’s mother’s stories inspired him very much. He dreamt of flying high and this helped him to overcome his fear. The stories gave colour to his imagination. Q3. How did Michael prepare himself to become an Olympic champion? A. From the age of fourteen, Michael began a very careful regimented weight lifting programme. Michael’s trainer and father carefully monitored his programme. Michael’s sheer dedication, determination and discipline in achieving his target and his persistence in striving for perfection were not only his obsession but his passion. Thus, Michael prepared himself to become an Olympic champion. Q4. Michael’s mother and father had different ideas about training. How did these two approaches help Michael fulfill his dream? A. Michael’s mother and father had different ideas about training. His mother believed in dreaming and dreaming high. So she told him numerous stories about flying which made him dream big. On the other hand, Michael’s father was a hard core realist. He believed anything is achievable with hard work and sweat. He always told Michael to work for things he wanted. Michael got the courage to dream big from his mother’s stories, as he wanted to become Olympic Champion in pole–vaulting. And he turned his dream into reality by sheer hard work and determination taught to him by his father. Thus, his mother’s approach of dreaming and his father’s approach to reality helped Michael fulfil his dream Q5. What was so special about Michael’s achievement? A. Michael Stone was a blind pole–vaulter. Though he was blind, he set a new world record at the National Junior Olympics in pole–vaulting. Though he was disabled, he didn’t allow his disability to come in between his dreams and with commitment, courage and grit. He achieved his target. UNIT 2 GAMES AND SPORTS 48

SESSION 3 TRUE HEIGHT – VOCABULARY 3.1 Vocabulary I. Synonyms Use a thesaurus/ dictionary to find out synonyms of these words from the biographical account you have read. Q1. Word Synonyms quench satisfy glamour attraction passion desire persistence determination arrogant proud pounding beating II. Suffixes Look at the following words taken from the passage: competition, excitement, persistence, immediately, wonderful, effortless, childhood, national, intensity. Q1. Now, pick out the suffix from each word and form new words of your own in the table given below. One is done for you. UNIT 2 GAMES AND SPORTS 49