181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text

As time went on, people learned to build pucca houses. These are built with bricks, cement, wood, iron rods, steel and stones. Pucca houses are stronger than kutcha houses. Example: bungalows and flats (apartments) bungalow apartments Understanding Houses vary from place to place. The types of houses found in any place depend on many factors. REASONS for diversity in types of houses 1) The climatic condition of the place: People make houses which suit the climate of that area. For example, in the areas with heavy rainfall, houses have sloping roofs. The rain water can drain easily from such roofs. Stilt houses are also found in places of heavy rainfall. They are commonly seen by river sides. These houses are made with bamboo. They are built at a height from ground to prevent water entering the house. In extremely cold regions, people build dome-shaped houses using blocks of snow. The dome shape helps to keep it warm inside. These houses are called igloos (snow houses). house with sloping roof stilt house igloo 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 101 Types of Houses 7 2/15/2018 10:33:29 AM

2) Lifestyles of the people: According to their lifestyles, people need different types of houses. In villages, people build houses to suit their farming village house needs. These houses may have some special areas like cattle sheds, storage places for grains and so on. In cities, the lifestyle is different. So, people live in flats. Moreover, in cities, there is less land available to build houses. So, multi-storeyed buildings with many flats are common in cities. Tree houses are built by the people living in multi-storeyed buildings forests and jungles. They give protection from wild animals. Some people wander tree house nomads tents from place to place in search of their livelihood. They are called nomads. These people live in tents. Groups of people travelling together use houses on wheels caravan called caravans. A caravan may be pulled by an animal, a car or a truck. We can find houseboats in places having many lakes and rivers. A houseboat is a boat which is designed to be used as a home. Building big houses needs a lot of money. Sometimes, houseboat people may not have enough money to build them. So, they construct smaller houses. You have learnt about some reasons behind the diversity in houses. Do all people have houses to live in? There are some people who cannot afford to have houses. people using public You must have seen homeless people. Roadside or any such place as shelter public place becomes a house for them. We should be kind to them. 8 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 102 2/15/2018 10:33:29 AM

Application You have learnt about the different types of houses. A house is necessary for all of us. We should take good care of it. HOW TO MAINTAIN OUR HOUSES 1) To be healthy, we need sunlight and fresh air inside our houses. So, we should keep windows open to let in sunlight and fresh air. 2) Our house should be free from dirt and dust. We should sweep and mop the floor daily. Walls should be kept clean. All the rooms should be kept neat and tidy. 3) Garbage should be thrown in the dustbin. Dustbins should regularly be emptied. 4) Dirty water should not be allowed to collect near the house. Otherwise, disease-causing mosquitoes will lay eggs in it. This will cause diseases. 5) The toilets, bathrooms and washbasins should be cleaned from time to time. This will prevent the growth of germs. Amazing Facts The tallest building in the world is in Dubai. Its name is Burj Khalifa. It has 163 floors above the ground. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Some extreme weather conditions can cause damage to houses. For example, heavy rain, powerful winds, shaking of the ground(earthquake) and so on. These may make people homeless. houses damaged due to extreme weather conditions 9 Types of Houses 2/15/2018 10:33:29 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 103

Have you ever heard of any such condition? What happens when people lose their houses? They need temporary shelter (camp) to live in temporary shelters. They are taken care of by the government. What will happen to the animal shelters in such cases? Find out. SPECIAL HOMES Have you ever heard about orphanages? They are the special shelters for children who have lost their parents and family. Old age home is another such special home. It is a shelter for old people who do not have anyone else to take care of them. orphanage old age home 10 2/15/2018 10:33:29 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 104

Lesson Travel with Family 13 Let Us Learn About R planning a tour. u the need for travel. a travelling for adventure. h travelling with friends. Think Does your family go on holidays to new places? You must have seen your parents packing everything carefully before going on holidays. Do you know how they plan a tour? Remembering During holidays, people travel with their family and friends to different places. Usually, people visit new places when they go on tours. A tour is a journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited. When we visit a new place, we may not know where to go and what to do. We may not even know the type of clothes suitable for that place. So, it is important to plan tours in advance. Let us now learn how to plan a tour. 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 105 11 2/15/2018 10:33:29 AM

PLANNING A TOUR 1) Decide the duration: We first need to decide the number of days for the tour. We should not plan a tour during school days. 2) Decide the place: We decide the place according to the season, things to do and the money we can spend. For example, visiting hill stations is ideal during summers. 3) Decide the mode of travel: We can travel by road, different modes of transport rail or air. We need to book bus, train or plane tickets accordingly. 4) Choose the place to stay: We need to book a hotel room to stay in. If we have any relatives or family friends there, we can stay with them too. 5) Pack our things: We should pack our bags well in advance. Our bags should be light so that they can be easily carried. However, we must remember to carry important things like our ID cards, tickets, important documents and medicines. We must also carry our clothes, toiletries (brushes, combs, toothbrush and toothpaste). Sometimes, we may even need to carry umbrellas, warm clothes, swimsuits and food. We may also carry along a camera to record the memories of the trip. things to be carried while packing for travel Understanding We have learnt to plan tours. Let us now find why people travel. People travel for various reasons. NEED FOR TRAVEL travelling for refreshment 1) Refreshment: Everybody gets tired or bored of daily activities. It is good to go on a tour to get refreshed. 12 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 106 2/15/2018 10:33:29 AM

2) Meet extended family members: People may celebrating festivals with extended also travel to visit their extended families. They family members may celebrate festivals or special occasions together during holidays. different people and their cultures 3) Gain knowledge: Some people travel to learn about different places, people and cultures. 4) Job and business: Some people travel to faraway places for work. 5) Religious tours: Some people travel to places of religious importance. Application We have learnt that people travel with their family for refreshment, knowledge, business and so on. But there are some people who travel with their family for an adventure. They may go hiking, mountaineering or camping. They may also take part in different adventure sports. Some adventure sports are given below: • Adventure sports are dangerous. • We should carry proper safety equipment to perform them. • T hey should not be performed without expert supervision. • Without proper guidance, they can cause serious injuries. Travel with Family 13 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 107 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM

Amazing Facts Pangong Tso lake Ladakh is one of the most famous tourist places in India. The Pangong Tso lake situated in Ladakh is the largest lake in India. The water in the lake appears to have multiple colours. It displays shades of blue, green and sometimes red. It has been featured in some popular movies too. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) We may not always go out with our family. Sometimes, we travel with our classmates or friends. Have you ever been to a school picnic or excursion? Where did you go and what did you do? 14 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 108

Lesson Communication without 14 Speaking Let Us Learn About R communication and its types. u types of gestures and expressions. a sign language. h braille language. Think Have you watched cartoon movies like Tom and Jerry? They don’t have any dialogues. How do we understand the story? Remembering We use words or actions to share our thoughts with others. This process of sharing thoughts, ideas and feelings with people is called communication. Sometimes, the look on our face changes to show what we feel. Communication is mainly of two types: saying with words and saying without words. Communication with words involves speaking and writing. Communication without words involves gestures and expressions. You must have seen a traffic police on the road. How does he or she control the traffic? Either by using hand movements or by blowing a whistle. Does he or she say anything while controlling the traffic? Still, people understand the instructions. 15 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 109 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM

We use movements of hands, shoulders and head to communicate. Such movements that help people understand without speaking anything are called gestures. Sometimes, people can only look at our face and tell whether we are feeling happy, sad or angry. How do they understand this? They know our feelings because the look on our face shows a gestures of traffic police particular emotion. These are called expressions. These are some of the examples of expressions. expressions Understanding Let us understand the different gestures and expressions we use to communicate. Here are a few examples of gestures. 1) Nod or shake your head: Sometimes, you just nod or shake your head. It is a gesture to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’. 2) Waving or tapping your fingers: You wave your hand nod your shake your and your friends understand you are saying ‘hello’. head (yes) head (no) You clap your hands to appreciate something. Now, let us see the different types of expressions we use. Some commonly used expressions are smiling, saying hello clap your hands frowning, winking, opening wide the eyes or mouth, raising eyebrows and so on. 1) When you are happy, you have a smile on your face. 2) When a baby starts crying, the mother understands that he/she is hungry, sleepy or hurt. smiling crying 16 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 110

3) When we are excited or shocked, we may open wide our eyes or mouth. 4) We wink to signal that we are joking about something. 5) Raising our eyebrows might communicate that we opening wide the winking are surprised. It may also mean that we don’t believe eyes and mouth what we are hearing. Gestures and expressions are also used while dancing and acting. Indian classical dancers use various ‘mudras’(gestures) and ‘abhinayas’(expressions) to tell stories. Indian classical dancers Kathakali Odissi Bharatanatyam mudras Communication without Speaking 17 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 111 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM

Application Do you know how to play the game of ‘dumb charades’? How do you express your ideas in it? We use signs for different letters, words and so on. A sign language can be used to communicate. It is mainly used by the people who have a speaking or a hearing disability. They communicate using gestures, combining hand shapes and expressions on the face. like OK dislike peace hello idea sign language People who have a speaking or a hearing disability find it difficult to express themselves properly. They have to depend on others. We should not make fun of them. We should help them by using gestures while communicating. Amazing Facts Symbols and marks that represented objects were the earliest forms of written communication. These are called pictographs. symbols and marks 18 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 112

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) We learnt about the sign language that people having a speaking disability used. Some people can speak, but cannot see. They use the ‘braille’ language. This language has patterns of raised dots that can be felt with fingertips. Do you know who developed this language? braille alphabet Communication without Speaking 19 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 113 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM

Inside the Lab – C Make sure you do these activities only with the help of a teacher or an adult. Activity C1: Cuisines of Different States India is a diverse country. It has so many cultures. Each state has its traditional cuisine. You will need: 2 – 3 sheets of paper, a pencil or pen You need to: 1) divide the students into groups so that each group has at least one student from a different state. Each group should have one sheet of paper. 2) ask the students to discuss and collect the information on the subsequent points. 3) ask him or her about a famous food of the state he or she belongs to. 4) ask him or her to note down its cuisines of different states recipe. 5) ask why it is famous. 6) ask what local ingredients are used to prepare it. 7) ask how it is suitable for the people of that state. 8) ask them to record their findings on a sheet like this. 9) ask them to stick a picture if they get one. 20 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 114

Name of the dish Dosa State Tamil Nadu Ingredients half cup urad dal (split black lentils) 1 cup raw rice (chawal) ghee for cooking Method of 1) Combine the urad dal and rice and soak it in enough preparation water for 4 hours. 2) Drain the urad dal and rice and blend in a mixer to a smooth paste using approx. 1 cup of water. 3) Transfer the mixture to the same bowl; add the salt and mix well. 4) Cover and ferment in a warm place for 12 hours. 5) Heat a non-stick tawa. 6) Pour a ladleful of the batter on it and spread it in a circular motion. Smear a little ghee over it and along the edges and cook on a high flame till the dosa turns brown in colour and crisp. 7) Fold over to make a semi-circle or a roll. Reasons for it being Because it is easy to ferment batter in southern Indian famous in Tamil Nadu climate, so it is famous. Local Ingredients used rice Compare the recipes of different states from your classmates. Do you find different recipes using the same ingredients? Inside the Lab – C 21 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 115 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM

Activity C2: Make Your Script script You will need: two sheets of paper and a pencil or pen. You need to: 1) write the letter of the alphabet from A – Z on the board. 2) suggest a symbol for each letter of the alphabet. Some suggestions are: @ $ <& 3) write few sentences about yourself in English. 4) write them in the new script on a different paper. 5) make pairs with your bench-mate and exchange the new script papers. 6) decode those sentences and write them down in simple English. 7) interchange papers again. 8) check if your partner has correctly translated. Such coded languages are used in the army, navy and air force to share information between them. Code language helps them communicate without the information being known to common people. 22 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 116

EVS - II (SOCIAL STUDIES) TERM - 3 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 117 TERM 1 2/15/2018 10:33:30 AM

Contents 3Class 6 The Solar System 6.1 The Sun and the Planets������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1 7 Things We Make and Do 7.1 Our Occupations����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 118 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM

Lesson The Solar System 6 Let Us Learn About 6.1 R the solar system. U h ow the solar system fits into the universe and why the Earth is a living planet. A space exploration. h solving riddles to identify heavenly bodies. Concept 6.1: The Sun and the Planets Think The children and Mrs Irani are watching the night sky on their terrace. Mrs Irani: Look at the bright stars tonight. All these stars are far off in space. Rashi: But what is ‘space’? Morad: Space is the place beyond the Earth, where all the stars and planets are. Meher: What is the difference between a star and a planet? Is the Earth a star or a planet? QQ. What is the Earth? (A) a star (B) a planet (C) a space (D) a rock Remembering We live on a planet called the Earth. It is a part of a large system called the solar system. Our solar system is made up of the Sun, eight planets and their satellites and other heavenly bodies. 1 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 119 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM

A set of planets, continuously moving around a star, is called a planetary system. Our planetary system is called the solar system. planets A planet is a very big ball-shaped object found in space. Look at the images and find the planets numbered as following: 1) Mercury 3) Earth 5) Jupiter 7) Uranus 2) Venus 4) Mars 6) Saturn 8) Neptune stars The planets continuously move around the Sun. The Sun is a star. A star is a burning, ball-shaped object in space. It shines with its own light. A star is very hot. We can feel the heat of the Sun on Earth. natural satellites a star The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. A natural satellite is a ball-shaped object, which travels around a planet. Natural satellites do not have their own light. So, why does the Moon shine? Point a torch at a mirror. You will see a light. But it is not the a planet with its mirror’s own light. The light from the torch is seen in the mirror. natural satellites Natural satellites are like mirrors. They do not have their own light. They reflect the light of the Sun. Other heavenly bodies Asteroid Belt Other than planets and stars many objects are found in space. Natural objects such as rocks in space are called asteroids and meteors. The rocks between Mars (4) and Jupiter (5) make up the Asteroid Belt. 2 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 120 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM

the Halley’s Comet A comet is a small, burning object that passes through the solar system again and again. It burns in such a way that a tail forms behind it. It is commonly known as shooting stars. A famous comet is the Halley’s Comet. It takes about 75 years to travel around the solar system and pass by Earth. It was last seen in 1986. It will pass close to the Earth again in 2061. Understanding OUR UNIVERSE You are a part of your class; your class is a part of your school and your school is a part of your city. Similarly, the Sun, the Earth and neighbouring planets are parts of larger groups of heavenly bodies. A collection of many planetary systems and clouds of gas and dust is called a galaxy. There are uncountable galaxies. The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way. All these galaxies are a part of the universe. OUR LIVING WORLD The Earth is the only known planet where living things are found. What makes it possible for living things to be on the Earth? The planets very close to the Sun are very hot. Venus is the hottest planet. As we go farther and farther away from the Sun, the planets become cooler. Neptune is the coldest planet in our solar system. Since the Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives the right amount of light and heat. There is also plenty of water on Earth. Water, air and heat are needed for living things to grow. This is why the Earth is called the ‘living planet’. Application For hundreds of years, people have wanted to Yuri Gagarin Rakesh Sharma explore space. Long ago, people could only look at the sky and try to study it. The first person to travel into space was Yuri Gagarin from Russia in 1961. Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to travel into space. The Moon is the only heavenly body that people have travelled to. The Solar System 3 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 121 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM

Machines sent into space help us learn about our neighbouring Mangalyaan planets and heavenly bodies. Example: Mangalyaan was sent to study Mars in 2013 by India. It takes photographs of Mars and the space around it. Mangalyaan is famous as it was successful on the first try. Space exploration is expensive and dangerous. So, all missions have to be very well-planned. Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Solve these riddles: 1) I am a ball-shaped natural object found in space. I shine with my own light. What am I? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________ 2) I am called a shooting star. But, I am just a rock in space. What am I? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________ Amazing Facts The Earth has one Moon. Did you know that Jupiter has at least 53 moons? Some scientists say that Jupiter has 67 moons! New Words 1) heavenly bodies ― the natural objects found in space 2) reflect ― throw back the same light 3) neighbouring ― very close to; next to; around 4) universe ― the name given to the great collection of all the living things, planets, stars, satellites, galaxies and so on 5) explore – to find out more about (something) 6) expensive – something that costs a lot of money 4 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 122

Lesson Things We Make 7 and Do Let Us Learn About 7.1 R  what an occupation is. U different kinds of occupations. A how occupations are changing. h occupations that are not common anymore. Concept 7.1: Our Occupations Think Rashi was not well. Her mother took her to the doctor. The doctor asked her to take medicines and eat green leafy vegetables. Now, they are on their way to buy medicines and vegetables. Rashi: Ma! Will I get better after I have the medicines? Mrs Jain: Yes, Rashi. You will be fine. Rashi: But I don’t like medicines. They taste bitter. Mrs Jain: You have to eat them, dear. Now let’s hurry up. Mrs Jain: Come, now we also need to go to the greengrocer. The doctor said you need to eat green leafy vegetables to become strong. QQ. Who sells medicines that the doctor asks us to have? (A) teacher (B) chemist (C) police (D) greengrocer 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 123 5 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM

Remembering Greengrocers, doctors, chemists are occupations that people have. ‘Occupation’ means the job or work people do to earn money. They spend that money to buy things and pay bills. People choose occupations according to: • their interests • what they learn • their skills Example: Some people are interested in sports and fitness. They may become sportspersons or join the police or army. When people work, they either do some action or make something. Example: A teacher does the work of teaching. A potter’s work is to make pots. Here are some occupations that involve people doing some actions: doctor sweeper teacher policeman greengrocer driver 6 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 124

Here are some occupations that involve people making things: farmer factory worker chef potter carpenter construction worker Understanding People who do People who make Their actions are the main part of their They help us by creating or making occupation. things. Example: Sweepers sweep the streets to Example: Farmers grow crops we eat. keep them clean. We can only see the actions they do. We can see, touch and feel the things they make. We can see the work they do every day. They may take days, weeks or even Example: We can see a teacher months to make things. teaching every day. Example: Farmers take about 100 days to grow onions. Examples: Examples: • teachers • farmers • doctors • potters • sweepers • factory workers • police • chefs • nurses • carpenters Things We Make and Do 7 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 125 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM

SOME MORE OCCUPATIONS Monitors in your classroom make sure that everybody follows the rules. The police are the monitors of our country. A police post or a police station is a place where several policemen and policewomen work. A police post is smaller in size than a police station. The police must: • keep our neighbourhoods safe. • make sure that people follow rules. • catch people who try to harm others. When someone does something wrong, we can complain to the police. To do this, we must go to a police post or a police station. The police help us record what happened. They write down the complaint. Sweepers Sweepers keep our streets clean. They mostly work during early mornings. This is when there is less traffic on the road. Sweepers work every day. They work in all kinds of weather. They work very hard. We can respect them by throwing waste in dustbins wherever we are. Farmers Farmers grow different crops. Many farmers also rear cows, hens and goats. These food products we get from animals provide us with many useful products. animals Factory workers Factory workers work in factories. They make different things like cars, utensils, shoes, television sets and so on. They learn how to use different types of tools and machines. Some other occupations Postal workers, nurses, painters, electricians, carpenters, a factory worker mechanics and plumbers are a few other occupations. 8 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 126 2/15/2018 10:33:31 AM

Can you name some more? Remember: All occupations are important. We should respect people of every occupation. Application CHANGES IN OCCUPATIONS OVER TIME New inventions: When new machines are invented, people who can operate these machines are required. This means that new occupations are created. Example: After the camera was invented, people started a person operating working as camerapersons and photographers. a camera How machines are effective: Sometimes, machines can do things quicker than humans and without mistakes. So, sometimes, a machine does the work instead of people. This means people have to leave that occupation. Example: Robots are now used to make cars. So, the robots making cars in a people with occupations related to making cars had to car-manufacturing factory change their jobs. Changes in society: Sometimes, people change the way they live. Such changes result in new occupations. a babysitter Example: Earlier, women used to remain at home and look after children. Now, women have started working. Therefore, many people has started working as babysitters. Easier way of doing things: Sometimes, the occupation remains the same. However, it is done differently. Example: Earlier, cashiers working in banks used to count notes themselves. Now, banks have note-counting machines which cashiers use. note-counting machine Things We Make and Do 9 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 127 2/15/2018 10:33:32 AM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) 1) These days, some occupations are rarely practised. One such occupation is that of a ‘water seller’ or ‘bhisti’. With the help of adults, find out about occupations that are no longer as common. Amazing Facts The first iron and steel factory in India was established in Jamshedpur by Jamshedji Tata in 1907. Today, it is one of the largest steel-making factories in the world. New Words 1) chemist – someone who sells medicines 2) skill – an ability to do something well 3) factory – a place where things are made using machines. 4) rear – to raise and take care 5) invention – the process of creating a thing that has never been created or built 6) effective – is able to produce the effect that one wants 7) cashier – a person whose job is to take in or give out money in a bank 10 2/15/2018 10:33:32 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 128