181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text

INTEGRATED 3 TEXTBOOK - TERM ENGLISH, MATHEMATICS, EVS 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 1 3 2/15/2018 10:33:23 AM

51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 2 2/15/2018 10:33:23 AM

ENGLISH 2/15/2018 10:33:23 AM TERM 3 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 3

Contents 3Class Theme 4: Imagination and Adventure 12 A Good Play ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 S4 Speaking Project �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 R4 Reading Comprehension ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 Theme 5: Exploring the World 13 Tania Visits Tanali �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 14 The Lost Treasure of Ramgarh �������������������������������������������������������������� 15 15 Aeroplane ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 S5 Speaking Project �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������23 R5 Reading Comprehension ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 Glossary �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������27 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 4 2/15/2018 10:33:23 AM

Lesson A Good Play 12 Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Word Rhyming word Word Rhyming word stairs chairs take cake pillows billows me nails pails days tea, knee plays Warm Up Activity • What games do you play with your friends? • H ave you ever pretended to be a doctor or a nurse and played imaginary games with your friends? Did you have fun? Why or why not? Let us read a poem about two boys who went on an imaginary adventure. 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 5 1 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

Reading the Text billows We built a ship upon the stairs All made of the back-bedroom chairs, And filled it full of sofa pillows To go a-sailing on the billows. We took a saw and several nails, nails slice And water in the nursery pails; And Tom said, ‘Let us also take, An apple and a slice of cake’; saw Which was enough for Tom and me To go a-sailing on, till tea. We sailed along for days and days, And had the very best of plays; But Tom fell out and hurt his knee, nursery pails So there was no one left but me. – R.L. Stevenson Let Us Discuss 1) What was the ship made of? 2) How did the boys carry the water? 3) What food did they carry with them? 4) Where did Tom get hurt? Understanding the Text Exercise 1: New words Meaning Word billows saw 2 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 6

Word Meaning nails nursery pails slice Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) Why did the boys build the ship? Ans.   2) What did the boys use to fill up the ship? Ans.   3) Till when were the boys planning to go sailing? Ans.    4) Why was the poet left alone on the ship? Ans.    Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Do you think it is safe to play on the stairs like the boys in the poem? Why or why not? Ans.    A Good Play 3 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 7 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

2) You are told not to play with sharp objects. Do you listen to this piece of advice? Why or why not? Ans.    Speaking Task Public speaking Talk about the best holidays that you have had. Share your experiences. Tell the class why they were your best holidays. 4 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 8

S4 Speaking Project Fairy tales Look at the pictures given below. These are pictures of a few famous fairy tales. You may or may not have read these stories. However, you can look at these pictures and create a story of your own. Get into groups of four and pick a picture. Create a new story around the picture by using your imagination! You can create a storyboard on a chart and draw more pictures too! Narrate your stories to the entire class. 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 9 5 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

R4 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Raju was a naughty boy. He enjoyed telling lies. His father told him that lying was a bad habit. But Raju did not stop making up stories. One day, he came running and shouted, ‘Please save me. There is a tiger here.’ All the villagers ran to help him. Raju laughed and said, ‘I tricked you. There is no tiger.’ The villagers were very angry with Raju. After a few days, Raju played the same trick again on the villagers. This time, they decided not to be fooled by him anymore. One day, when Raju was alone, he actually saw a tiger. He shouted for help. However, the villagers thought it was a joke and did not believe him. The tiger attacked Raju. Moral: One should never tell lies and trouble others. 1) What did Raju enjoy doing? Ans.   2) What did the villagers decide after Raju tricked them? Ans.   3) Fill in the blanks with the correct word. a) ________________ is Raju. (This/Those) b) ________________ tiger attacked Raju. (These/That) c) ________________ villagers saved Raju. (That/These) 6 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 10

4) Write a word from the passage that is the opposite of the word ‘cried’. Ans.   5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) habit a) people who stay in a village 2) tricked b) something that we do a lot 3) villagers c) fooled Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. One day, a fisher went fishing in a river. He put his net into the river and waited. A small fish was caught in the net after a long time. So, he put the small fish into his bag. The fish spoke to him in a low voice, ‘Fisher, I am so small and will not be of any use to you now. Put me back in the water. After some days, I will come back to you when I grow bigger.’ The wise fisher said, ‘How can I be sure that I will catch you again? I am not putting you back into the water!’ 1) What did the fisher put into the river? Ans.   2) What got caught in the fisher’s net? Ans.   Reading Comprehension 7 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 11 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

3) Complete the sentences so that the subjects and the verbs agree. a) The fisher ________________________ (throws/throw) a net into the river. b) The fish ________________________ (talk/talks) to the fisher. c) The fishers ________________________ (put/puts) the fish in their baskets. 4) Write a word from the passage that means ‘someone who is clever and smart’. Ans.   5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) catch a) softly 2) size b) get a hold of 3) in a low voice c) how big or small something is 8 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 12

Why are we studying this theme? Travel is the best way to know the world. The second-best way is to read. Read two stories and a poem about travel. 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 13 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

Lesson Tania Visits 13 Tanali Let Us Start Listen and say aloud The letters ‘se’ making the ‘z’ sound noise choose wise those cheese vase because rose Warm Up Activity • Do you think that we can travel to lands far and away in our minds? • What kind of place would you like to visit? What would it be like? Wear your creative caps and share your thoughts. Let us read the story about a girl named Tania. She visits an imaginary place of her own creation. 10 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 14

Reading the Text ‘I visited Kullu Manali during the Dussehra holidays. I saw the famous temple and…’ Shivani went on and on about the places she had visited, the food she ate, the hotel she stayed in and the fun she had. chatter Tania smiled at her classmate, but she secretly wished that Shivani would stop her chatter! How Tania wished to go on holidays like Shivani did. She wanted to visit all those far-off places with her parents. But Tania knew that this was not possible. Her parents worked very hard in a factory. They were not allowed to take even a single holiday. ‘Tania! So, like last time, this time too?’ Shivani asked Tania. ‘No, this time, we went on a holiday to a very beautiful place called Tanali.’ Shivani was surprised. ‘Tan… what?’ Just then, the bell rang. ‘Shivani, I will be late for my bus. I’ll tell you everything tomorrow. Bye.’ ‘So, where is Tanali?’ Rohan, Tania’s elder brother, asked her. ‘There is no Tanali. It is just my imagination. In our minds, we can create anything we like. Right?’ answered Tania. ‘Come and sit here with me’, said Rohan. He storeroom had taken out an old, red rug from the rug storeroom. ‘This is our magic carpet. On this magic carpet, we can fly to the land of our dreams: Tanali.’ carpet Tania’s face suddenly brightened. She jumped on to the carpet and sat down next to her brother. desert ‘OK, close your eyes’, he said. ‘Magic carpet, take us to Tanali!’ said Rohan loudly. ‘What do you see in Tanali, Princess Tania?’ mountains ‘I see jungles, lions and snakes. Look! I see sea mountains up there! I see a desert below! And I see the sea next to the desert!’ Tania Visits Tanali 11 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 15 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

Rohan was confused. ‘How can the mountains, desert and sea all be in one place?’ ‘They can be. Tanali can be whatever Tania wants it to be! It’s Tania’s Tanali’, said Tania with confidence. ‘So, what do you see now?’ confused ‘I see and smell the most delicious food in Tanali. Chaat, pakodi, laddoos, biryani, kheer.’ ‘What a place Tanali is!’ said Rohan. ‘Yes, it is much better than Shivani’s Manali. I have explored the world on my magic carpet. No one has a magic carpet like me!’ ‘Who has an imagination like Tania?’ asked Rohan. explored ‘No one but me!’ Tania kept clapping her hands and dancing around the red rug. ─ Surbhi Sarna Let Us Discuss 1) Where did Shivani go for the Dussehra holidays? 2) Where did Tania’s parents work? 3) Which place did Tania say she had visited? 4) How did Rohan and Tania visit Tanali? Understanding the Text Exercise 1: New words Meaning Word chatter rug storeroom 12 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 16

Word Meaning carpet mountains desert sea confused explored Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What did Shivani tell Tania about her holidays? Ans.    2) What did Rohan say the old rug was? Where would it take them? Ans.    3) Which animals and landforms did Tania describe while talking about Tanali? Ans.    4) Mention the variety of food that Tania said was available in Tanali. Ans.    Tania Visits Tanali 13 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 17 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) H ow did Tania feel when Shivani was describing her holiday in Manali? Why do you think she felt that way? Ans.    2) Y our friend is going to a tourist place for her holidays. You can’t go anywhere and can stay only at home. How can you make your holidays interesting and fun? Ans.    Speaking Task Role play In pairs, enact the conversation between Shivani and Tania or Tania and Rohan. You can add your own dialogues. The preparation time is five minutes. The presentation time will be two minutes. 14 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 18

Lesson The Lost Treasure 14 of Ramgarh Let Us Start Listen and say aloud Letters ‘-ed’ making the ‘d’ sound Letters ‘-ed’ making the ‘t’ sound called filled baked liked tuned rained packed wished Warm Up Activity • Have you ever visited palaces, castles or forts? Did you know that a fort has strong walls so that nobody could enter them easily? • Imagine that you went to visit a fort and found a lost treasure. What would you do with the treasure? Let us read an interesting story about a family that discovers lost treasure in a fort. 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 19 15 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

Reading the Text It was a steep and long climb to Ramgarh fort. ‘Come on children, we are almost there’, called Mummy to Ananya and Vihan. ‘Why is the road like this?’ asked Vihan as he huffed and puffed. ‘The road was made in such a huffed and puffed way that the elephants could only climb the hill steep slowly. It also prevented the elephants from breaking the main gate and entering the fort’, explained Daddy. ‘Amazing’, said Ananya. ‘Tell us more about Ramgarh fort’, said the children. ‘In olden times, it was a very wealthy kingdom. Once, there were whispers that an attack was being planned. The Maharaja secretly hid all his wealth. But before he whispers could tell anyone about it, he died. The treasure was never found.’ wealth Ananya and Vihan’s eyes widened with wonder. ‘What an exciting story! How we wish we could find it!’ they said. swords The children enjoyed seeing the fort. ‘Look at the shields heavy swords! And the shields!’ said Vihan. ‘The walls are very thick; no enemy could possibly break through them’, said Ananya. ‘See how the passages are dark and then suddenly there is light. The enemies would be blinded by it and would not be able to see’, said Mummy. ‘There were different halls for court matters; storerooms, guard rooms passages and stables. A secret well provided drinking water. The Maharaja’s room was large, airy and at the top of the fort’, informed Daddy. chimney The view from the windows was beautiful. As they went fireplace around the huge room, they saw a fireplace at one end. Suddenly, a lizard ran up into the chimney. Vihan went close to the fireplace and tried to see where the lizard 16 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 20 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

was. ‘Mummy, Daddy! Come quickly; there is a ledge in the chimney’, he shouted. Everyone rushed to where he was standing. There was a small ledge in the chimney just out of ledge sight. Daddy put his hand in and felt around it. ‘There seal is something kept here’, he said. He could feel a small package, which he carefully brought out. It was a small leather pouch with the royal seal on it. ‘Open it fast!’ begged Ananya. They opened it and found a gold coin with a letter containing instructions. ‘This must be part of the treasure!’ exclaimed the children exclaimed. Did Ananya and Vihan find the treasure? Yes, they did, but that is another story. Let Us Discuss 1) Which fort did the family visit? 2) Why did the Maharaja of Ramgarh secretly hide his wealth? 3) Why were the passages dark and then suddenly bright? 4) What did the package in the ledge look like? Understanding the Text Exercise 1: New words Meaning Word steep huffed and puffed prevented whispers wealth swords shields The Lost Treasure of Ramgarh 17 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 21 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

Word Meaning passages fireplace chimney ledge seal exclaimed Speaking Task Recitation (Individual) Learn this poem by Tony Mitton and recite it in class. Many Ways to Travel There are many ways to travel And one that I like, Is to zoom down a hill, On a mountain bike. There are many ways to travel And another that is nice, Is to slide on a sledge, On the snow and ice. There are many ways to travel And isn’t it fun, To sail on the sea, In the wind and Sun? There are many ways to travel But the best by far, Is to ride on a rocket, To a distant star! 18 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 22

Lesson Aeroplane 15 Let Us Start Rhyming word ground Listen and say aloud cloud Word skies around loud rise Warm Up Activity • Have you ever heard the sound of aeroplanes as they fly? • Can you name a few things and creatures that can fly? Let us read a poem about the enjoyable experience of flying high in an aeroplane. 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 23 19 2/15/2018 10:33:24 AM

Reading the Text starter I press on the starter, brush The propeller whirls around. swoop My aeroplane and I Brush over the ground. I lift from the field, propeller whirls The motor roars out loud, Far below is the earth, Above me a bright cloud. I dip and I drop I swoop and I rise – Oh, it’s fun to be flying way up in the skies. dip (Source: http://hubpages.com/family/ transport-poems-for-children) Let Us Discuss 1) What does the poet press to begin flying the aeroplane? 2) Who brushes over the ground with what? 3) What is far below the poet? 4) What is above the poet? Understanding the Text Exercise 1: New words Meaning Word starter propeller whirls 20 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 24

Word Meaning brush dip swoop Exercise 2: Literature comprehension 1) What happens when the poet presses the starter? Ans.   2) When and how does the motor roar? Ans.   3) How does the poet fly way up in the skies? Ans.   4) According to the poet, what is fun? Ans.   Exercise 3: Value-based questions – Judgement and appreciation 1) Imagine that you could fly an aeroplane like the poet. How would you feel? Write your thoughts in two or three sentences. Ans.    Aeroplane 21 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 25 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM

2) If you were given wings for a day, what would you do? Ans.    Speaking Task Group activity Your teacher will ask a student to go in front of the class and perform a few actions. Look at the student. From the list given below, guess which of the actions he or she is doing. Make sentences using these words or phrases. Read them aloud in class. Actions: •  shake hands •  frown •  stretch •  yawn •  wave •  sit with arms crossed 22 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 26

S5 Speaking Project Create a mini-project about the place that you want to visit the most in India. Present your project before your class. You can create your project on a chart or even make a travel book. Collect the following information: 1) What are the main attractions of the place? Hints: B engaluru has the Vidhana Soudha, Lal Bagh and so on. Hyderabad has the Charminar, Golconda Fort and so on. 2) What do you get there to buy or eat? Draw or paste images of these items on your chart or in your travel book. Make rough notes here before you start the project. 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 27 23 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM

R5 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the story and answer the questions given below. A donkey was grazing near a forest. He saw a lion’s skin lying on the ground. He decided to wear it and act like a lion. He thought that everyone would be scared and would listen to him. He walked into the forest, and all the animals thought he was a lion. They were scared. A clever fox saw him and realised that he was a donkey wearing a lion’s skin. So, he came to the donkey and said, ‘I am afraid of lions. But, I am not scared of a donkey wearing a lion’s skin.’ The donkey heard this, got scared and ran away quickly. Moral: Never act like someone you are not. 1) What did the donkey see lying on the ground? Ans.    2) What happened when the donkey walked into the forest? Ans.    3) Underline the pronouns and state whether they are subject pronouns or object pronouns. a) He wore the lion skin. – ____________________________ 24 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 28

b) The animals were scared of him. – ____________________________ c) They realised that the donkey was wearing a lion skin. – _______________________ 4) Write two words from the passage that have the same meaning as ‘fear’. Ans.    5) Match the words to their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) grazing a) to behave like someone else 2) clever b) eating grass in a forest or field 3) act c) smart; having knowledge Passage 2 Read the story and answer the questions given below. One day, two cats found a piece of bread. They decided to share it and cut it into halves. One half of the bread was a little bigger than the other. So, the cats started fighting for the bigger piece. A monkey was passing by. The cats asked him to help them decide. The monkey was smart and greedy. He said, ‘Let me help you.’ He ate small bites of both pieces of bread. He told the cats that he was making them equal. The cats saw that the pieces had become very small. They said, ‘We will take the pieces now.’ But the monkey ate all the pieces of bread and left. Moral: Never trust unknown people with your problems. 1) What did the two cats find? Ans.   Reading Comprehension 25 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 29 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM

2) Who did the cats ask for help? Ans.   3) Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the brackets. a) The piece of bread was ___________________________ the road. (at the side of / over) b) The monkey was sitting ___________________________ a tree. (between/beside) c) The monkey put the bread ____________________________ his mouth. (under/into) 4) Write a word from the passage that is the homophone for the word ‘peace’. Ans.   5) Match the words to their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) greedy a) give some of what we have to others 2) share b) of the same size 3) equal c) always wanting more 26 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 30

Glossary Sr. No. Word Meaning large waves 1 billows (n.) to move gently against something a thick woven material used to cover a part of the floor 2 brush (v.) in a decorative manner 3 carpet (n.) quick, foolish talk a long pipe on top of a house for smoke to come out 4 chatter (n.) unable to think clearly 5 chimney (n.) a dry, sandy area with less water and life 6 confused (v.) to move downward quickly 7 desert (n.) a sudden shout in excitement or surprise 8 dip (v.) travelled through a new area to learn something 9 exclaimed (v.) a small place where a fire is lit to keep the room warm 10 explored (v.) breathed loudly in a tired manner 11 fireplace (n.) 12 huffed and a narrow shelf that comes out of a wall large hills puffed (v.) small metal objects used to keep two pieces of wood 13 ledge (n.) together 14 mountains (n.) small buckets used for playing narrow pathways in halls 15 nails (n.) to stop something from happening a fan-like object that moves an aeroplane or ship 16 nursery pails (n.) a small carpet 17 passages (n.) long, thin blade used to cut wood 18 prevented (v.) a large body of salt water 19 propeller (n.) 20 rug (n.) 21 saw (n.) 22 sea (n.) 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 31 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM

23 seal (n.) a symbol of an important person, which is stamped on wax 24 shields (n.) large pieces of metal or wood that are used to protect 25 slice (n.) oneself 26 starter (n.) piece 27 steep (adj.) 28 storeroom (n.) a button to start an engine 29 swoop (v.) 30 swords (n.) a land with a sharp slope 31 wealth (n.) a small room where unused things are kept 32 whirls (v.) 33 whispers (n.) to move down fast through the air towards something a long metal blade with a handle that has a sharp point and edge having plenty of riches or money turns around fast in circles something said to someone in a low tone n. Key v. noun adj. verb adv. phr. adjective adverb phrase 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 32 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM

MATHEMATICS TERM 3 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 33 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM

Contents 3Class 9 Fractions 1 9 9.1 Fraction as a Part of a Whole  9.2 Fraction of a Collection  17 21 10 Money 24 27 10.1 Convert Rupees to Paise  10.2 Add and Subtract Money with Conversion  34 10.3 Multiply and Divide Money  41 10.4 Rate Charts and Bills  46 11 Measurements 52 11.1 Conversion of Standard Units of Length  11.2 Conversion of Standard Units of Weight  11.3 Conversion of Standard Units of Volume  12 Data Handling 12.1 Record Data Using Tally Marks  51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 34 2/15/2018 10:33:25 AM

Chapter Fractions 9 Let Us Learn About • fractions as a part of a whole and their representation. • identify parts of fractions. • fractions of a collection. • applying the knowledge of fractions in real life. Concept 9.1: Fraction as a Part of a Whole Think Farida and her three friends, Joseph, Salma and Rehan, went on a picnic. Farida had only one apple with him. He wanted to share it equally with everyone. What part of the apple does each of them get? Recall Look at the rectangle shown below. We can divide the whole rectangle into many equal parts. Consider the following: 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 35 1 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM

1 part: 2 equal parts: 3 equal parts: 4 equal parts: 5 equal parts: and so on. Let us understand the concept of parts of a whole through an activity. & Remembering and Understanding Suppose we want to share an apple with our friends. First, we count our friends with whom we want to share the apple. Then, we cut it into as many equal pieces as the number of persons. Thus, each person gets an equal part of the apple after division. Parts of a whole A complete or full object is called a whole. Observe the following parts of a chocolate bar: whole 2 equal parts 3 equal parts 4 equal parts We can divide a whole into equal parts as shown above. Each such division has a different name. To understand this better, let us do an activity. 2 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 36

Activity: Halves Take a square piece of paper. Fold it into two equal parts as shown. Each of the equal parts is called a ‘half’. ‘Half’ means 1 out of 2 equal parts. Putting these 2 equal parts together makes the complete piece of paper. We write ‘1 out of 2 equal parts’ as 1 . 2 In 1 , 1 is the number of parts taken and 2 is the total number of equal parts the whole 2 is divided into. Note: 1 and 1 make a whole. 2 2 Thirds In figure (a), observe that the three parts are not equal. We can also divide a whole into three equal parts. Fold a rectangular piece of paper as shown in figures (b) and (c). 11 1 33 3 three parts three equal parts Fig. (c) Fig. (a) Fig. (b) Each equal part is called a third or one-third. The shaded part in figure (c) is one out of three equal parts. So, we call it a one-third. Two out of three equal parts of figure (c) are not shaded. We call it two-thirds (short form of 2 one-thirds). We write one-third as 1 and two-thirds as 2 . 3 3 Note: 1 , 1 and 1 or 1 and 2 makes a whole. 3 3 3 3 3 Fractions 3 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 37 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM

Fourths Similarly, fold a square piece of paper into four equal parts. Each of them is called a fourth or a quarter. In figure (d), the four parts are not equal. In figure (e), each equal part is called a fourth or a quarter and is written as 1 . 4 1 Four parts 4 Fig. (d) 1 4 1 4 1 4 Four equal parts Fig. (e) Two out of four equal parts are called two-fourths and three out of four equal parts are called three-fourths, written as 2 and 3 respectively. 44 Note: Each of 1 and 3 ; 1 , 1 , 1 and 1 and 1 , 1 and 2 make a whole. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 The total number of equal parts a whole is divided into is called the denominator. The number of such equal parts taken is called the numerator. Representing the parts of a whole as  Numerator  is called a fraction. Numbers of  Denominator  the form Numerator are called fractions. Thus, a fraction is a part of a whole. Denominator 4 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 38

For example, 1 , 1 , 1, 2 and so on are fractions. 2 3 4 3 Let us now see a few examples. Example 1: Identify the numerator and denominator in each of the following fractions: a) 1 b) 1 c) 1 2 3 4 Solution: S. No Fractions Numerator Denominator a) 1 1 2 2 b) 1 1 3 3 c) 1 1 4 4 Example 2: Identify the fraction for the shaded parts in the figures below. a) b) Solution: Steps Solved Solve this a) b) Step 1: Count the number of equal parts, the figure is divided into Total number of Total number of equal (Denominator). parts = _______ equal parts = 8 Number of parts shaded Step 2: Count the number of Number of parts = ______ shaded parts (Numerator). shaded = 5 Fraction = Step 3: Write the fraction Fraction = 5  Numerator  . 8  Denominator  Fractions 5 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 39 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM

Example 3: The circular disc shown in the figure is divided into equal parts. What fraction of the disc is painted yellow? Write the fraction of the disc that is painted white. Solution: Total number of equal parts of the disc is 16. The fraction of the disc that is painted yellow = Number of parts painted yellow = 3 Total number of equal parts 16 The fraction of the disc that is painted white = Number of parts painted white = 7 Total number of equal parts 16 Example 4: Find the fraction of parts that are not shaded in the following figures. a) b) c) Solution: We can find the fractions as: Steps Solved Solve these a) b) c) Total number of equal parts 2 Number of parts not shaded 1 Number of parts not shaded 1 2 Fraction = Total number of equal parts Application We have learnt to identify the fraction of a whole using the shaded parts. We can learn to shade a figure to represent a given fraction. Let us see some examples. Example 5: Shade a square to represent these fractions: 1 2 3 d) 1 a) 4 b) 3 c) 5 2 6 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 40

Solution: We can represent the fractions as: Steps Solved 2 Solve these 1 1 3 3 2 Step 1: Identify the Denominator 5 Denominator denominator and the 4 = = numerator. Denominator Numerator Denominator Numerator =4 = = Step 2: Draw the Numerator = 1 = required shape. Divide it into as many Numerator equal parts as the denominator. = Step 3: Shade the number of equal parts as the numerator. This shaded part represents the given fraction. Example 6: Colour the shapes to represent the given fractions. Fractions 1 2 1 4 5 2 Shapes Solution: We can represent the fractions as: Fractions 1 2 1 4 5 2 Shapes Fractions 7 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 41 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) Let us see some examples of real-life situations involving fractions. Example 7: A square shaped garden has coconut trees in a quarter of its land. It has mango trees in two quarters and neem trees in another quarter. Draw a figure of the garden and represent its parts. Solution: Fraction of the garden covered by coconut trees = Quarter = 1 4 Fraction of the garden covered by mango trees = 2 Quarters = 1 2 Fraction of the garden covered by neem trees = Quarter = 1 So, the square garden is as shown in the figure. 4 Mango Coconut trees trees Neem trees Example 8: Answer the following questions: a) How many one-sixths are there in a whole? b) How many one-fifths are there in a whole? c) How many halves make a whole? Solution: a) There are 6 one-sixths in a whole. b) There are 5 one-fifths in a whole. c) 2 halves make a whole. 8 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 42

11 66 11 55 1 1 11 11 6 6 55 22 1 1 1 6 6 5 Concept 9.2: Fraction of a Collection Think Farida has a bunch of roses. Some of them are red, some white and some yellow. Farida wants to find the fraction of roses of each colour. How can she find that? Recall We know that a complete or a full object is called a whole. We also know that we can divide a whole into equal number of parts. Let us answer these to revise the concept. Divide these into equal number of groups as given in the brackets. Draw circles around them. a)  [ 2 groups] b)  [3 groups] c)  [2 groups] d)  [5 groups] Fractions 9 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 43 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM

& Remembering and Understanding To find the part or the fraction of a collection, find the number of each type of object out of the total collection. Finding a half We can find different fractions of a collection. Suppose there are 10 pens in a box. To find a half of them, we divide them into two equal parts. Each equal part is a half. Each equal part has 5 pens, as 10 ÷ 2 = 5. So, 1 of 10 is 5. 2 Finding a third One-third is 1 out of 3 equal parts. In the given figure, there are 12 bananas. To find a third, we divide them into three equal parts. EacThraeqinuaMl pyartBisraatihnird. Each equal part has 4 bananas, as 12 ÷ 3 = 4. So, 1 of 12 is 4. 3 111 333 10 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 44

Finding a fourth (or a quarter) One-fourth is 1 out of 4 equal parts. In the figure, there are 8 books. To find a fourth, divide the number of books into 4 equal parts. 1 1 1 1 444 4 1 Each equal part has 2 books, as 8 ÷ 4 = 2. So, 4 of 8 is 2. Let us see a few examples to find the fraction of a collection. Example 9: Find the fraction of the coloured parts of the shapes. Shapes Fractions Solution: The fractions of the coloured parts of the shapes are – Shapes Fractions 2 6 3 6 5 8 Fractions 11 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 45 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM

Example 10: Colour the shapes according to the given fractions. Fractions Shapes 1 5 2 7 3 4 Solution: We can colour the shapes according to the fractions as – Shapes Fractions 1 5 2 7 3 4 Application We can apply the knowledge of fractions in many real-life situations. Let us see a few examples. 12 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 46 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM

Example 11: A basket has 64 flowers. Half of them are roses, a quarter of them are marigolds and a quarter of them are lotus. How many roses, marigolds and lotus are there in the basket? Solution: Total number of flowers = 64 Half of the flowers are roses. The number of roses = 1 of 64 = 64 ÷ 2 = 32 2 A quarter of the flowers are marigolds. 1 The number of marigolds = 4 of 64 = 64 ÷ 4 = 16 A quarter of the flowers are lotus. 1 The number of lotus = 4 of 64 = 64 ÷ 4 = 16 Therefore, there are 32 roses, 16 marigolds and 16 lotus in the basket. Example 12: A set of 48 pens has 13 blue, 15 red and 11 black ink pens. The remaining are green ink pens. What fraction of the pens is green? Solution: Total number of pens = 48 Total number of blue, red and black ink pens = 13 + 15 + 11 = 39 Number of green ink pens = 48 – 39 = 9 Fraction of green ink pens == Number of green ink pens = 9 Total number of pens 48 Example 13: There is a bunch of balloons with three different colours. Write the fraction of balloons of each colour. Solution: Total number of balloons = 15 Number of green balloons = 2 2 Therefore, fraction of green balloons is 15 . Number of yellow balloons = 3 3 Therefore, fraction of yellow balloons is 15 . Number of red balloons = 10 10 Therefore, fraction of red balloons = 15 Fractions 13 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 47 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S.) In some real-life situations, we need to find a fraction of some goods such as fruits, vegetables, milk, oil and so on. Let us now see some such examples. Example 14: One kilogram of apples costs ` 16 and one kilogram of papaya costs ` 20. If Rita buys 1 kg of apples and 1 kg of papaya, how much 2 4 money did she spend? Solution: Cost of 1 kg apples = ` 16 Cost of 1 kkg apples = 1 of ` 16 = ` 16 ÷2 = `8 2 2 (To find a half, we divide by 2) Cost of 1 kg papaya = ` 20 Cost of 1 kkg papaya = 1 ooff ` 20 = ` 20 ÷ 4 = ` 5 4 4 (To find a fourth, we divide by 4) Therefore, the money spent by Rita = ` 8 + ` 5 = ` 13 Example 15: Sujay completed 2 of his Maths homework. If he had to solve 25 5 problems, how many did he complete? Solution: Fraction of homework completed = 2 5 Total number of problems to be solved = 25 Number of problems Sujay solved = 2 of 25 = (25 ÷ 5) × 2 =5 × 2= 10 5 DrilTl hTeirmefeore, Sujay has solved 10 problems. Concept 9.1: Fraction as a Part of a Whole 1) Find the numerator and the denominator in each of these fractions. 2 b) 1 2 a) 5 7 c) 3 14 2/15/2018 10:33:26 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 48

45 d) 9 e) 7 2) Identify the fractions of the shaded parts. a) b) c) d) e) Concept 9.2: Fraction of a Collection 3) Find fraction of coloured parts. a) b) c) d) e) Fractions 15 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 49 2/15/2018 10:33:27 AM

4) Find 1 and 1 of the following collection. 2 4 5) Word Problems a) A circular disc is divided into 12 equal parts. Venu shaded 1 of the disc 4 pink and 1 of the disc green. How many parts of the disc are shaded? How 3 many parts are not shaded? 1 6 b) John has 24 notebooks. 1 of them are unruled and of them are four-ruled. 2 How many books are (a) unruled and (b) four-ruled? 16 2/15/2018 10:33:27 AM 51704996_BGM_181910058-Maple-G3-Textbook-Integrated-Term 3_Text.pdf 50