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WordBank Vasco da Gama Henry Hudson Christopher Columbus Ibn Battuta Captain James Cook Roald Amundsen 1) H  e was a British navigator and explorer who sailed and mapped much of the South Pacific. Ans. _______________________________________________ 2) He was the first man to visit the South Pole. Ans. _______________________________________________ 3) H e was an Italian explorer and colonizer who completed four voyages across Atlantic Ocean. He discovered America in the year 1492. Ans. _______________________________________________ 4) The first European to sail from Europe to India around Africa. Ans. _______________________________________________ 5) T  he first person who mapped the Hudson River and the North Atlantic. Ans. _______________________________________________ JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 151 45 15-12-2017 12:06:47

6) He was one of the greatest Muslim travelers of the medieval times. In a span of 30 years he had covered Horn of Africa, West Africa, South, East and Central Asia, Middle East, China. Ans. _______________________________________________ Do You Know? Ferdinand Magellan was the first explorer to sail around the world. Of the five ships that began the trip, only the Victoria lasted the entire three-year journey. Around The World [] Multiple Choice Questions 1) World War I began in the year (A) 1923 (B) 1938 (C) 1917 (D) 1914 2) In which country was Adolf Hitler born? [ ] (A) France (B) Germany (C) Austria (D) Hungary 3) Who was the first American President? [ ] (A) John Kennedy (B) George Washington (C) Abraham Lincoln (D) Ronald Reagan 46 15-12-2017 12:06:47 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 152

4) How many wives did King Henry VIII have? [   ] (A) Four (B) Five (C) Six (D) One 5) Which country first used paper money? [    ] (A) Japan (B) China (C) France (D) India 6) The first atomic bomb attack was on which city?  [ ] (A) Madrid (B) Hiroshima (C) Nagasaki (D) New York Write True or False 1) T he Hanging Gardens of Babylon is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. [   ] 2) King Henry VIII was born in 1491. [   ] 3) During the Stone Age, most people lived in nice, big houses. [   ] 4) T he name ‘Teddy bear’ is used to describe a soft toy bear. The name comes from President Theodore ‘Teddy’ Roosevelt who once set a bear cub free. [   ] 5) The ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. [   ] 6) In Greek history, Apollo was the God of the sea. [   ] 7) The Great Wall of China is the largest man-made structure on Earth.[ ] 8) The Bronze Age occurred before the Stone Age. [   ] JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 153 47 15-12-2017 12:06:47

Famous Leaders and their Slogans Match the quotes given in column A to the leaders who coined them given in column B. Column A Column B 1) Jai Hind a) Bhagat Singh 2) Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan b) Mahatma Gandhi 3) Inquilab Zindabad c) Subhash Chandra Bose 4) Quit India d) Mother Teresa 5) Whatever you are, be a good one e) Bal Gangadhar Tilak 6) Peace begins with a smile f) Lal Bahadur Shastri 7) Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it! g) Abraham Lincoln Fun Fact A popular 17th century Chinese concoction of pickled fish and spices called “kê-chiap” was picked up by the English explorers. The English settlers took it with them to the American colonies. This became quite popular and we know it today as Ketchup. 48 15-12-2017 12:06:47 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 154

10 Political Affairs Great Souls of India Guess who I am from the clues given. 1) H e was born on 26th September, 1820 into an impoverished Brahmin family in Paschim Midnapore district of West Bengal. 2) H  e was a social reformer, philosopher, educator and writer. 3) H e worked for many social causes such as education of women and so called lower caste people, widow remarriage etc. With other like-minded people, he opened several schools for educating girls. 4) He was given a name by the people that meant ‘ocean of knowledge’. 5) H  e was so fond of education, that he used to study under the street light since his family could not afford a gas light. Ans. _________________________________________________________________________ 1) F amously known as ‘Father of Modern India’, he was born on May 22nd, 1774 into a Bengali Hindu Family. 2) H e extensively worked for the upliftment of the society. He supported modern education and said education in school should include science, technology, modern medicine, etc. 3) H e is the founder of the Brahmo Samaj. He discarded idol worship and preached oneness of God. 4) H is extensive efforts resulted in abolition of an age old practice of Bengal, the ‘Sati system’. JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 155 49 15-12-2017 12:06:48

5) H e published several magazines to politically educate Indians such as ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ etc. Ans. _________________________________________________________________________ 1) H e is the founder of the Arya Samaj which promoted noble ideas necessary for human living. 2) H  e laid emphasis on ‘Vedas’ and had said that Vedas are the sources of all True Knowledge. 3) H e extensively voiced against social evils like child marriage and exploitative caste system. He supported widow remarriage. 4) D  AV Model schools are a result of his work of upliftment of masses through education. 5) H  e also started a process of ‘Shuddhi’ whereby he reconverted Hindus back to their own religion who were forcefully converted to other religions. Ans. _________________________________________________________________________ 1) H e was born on 26th December 1914 in Wardha diatrict of Maharashtra. 2) A  lawyer by profession, he gave up his profession to work for leprosy patients. 3) H e established ‘Anandvan’ commune, meaning ‘forest of joy’ for making the leprosy patients confident and capable of leadership. 4) H e has won several awards for his selfless service for the needy and deprived sections of the society. He has been honoured with Padma Shree, Padma Vibhushan, Magsaysay award, Dr. Ambedkar International award to name a few. 5) He started the ‘Bharat Jodo Yatra’ in December, 1985 to promote national integration and check religious fundamentalism. Ans. _________________________________________________________________________ 50 15-12-2017 12:06:48 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 156

1) H  e was born on 17th October, 1817 in Delhi and is one of the greatest Muslim reformers of 19th century. 2) H e propagated progress of Muslim community based on education on modern lines. 3) O  ne of his greatest contributions is the establishment of Aligarh Muslim University based on scientific and modern education. 4) H  e has written several books, journals and pamphlets. One of the notable books is ‘The causes of Indian revolt’, published in 1859. 5) O ne of his famous quotes is ‘a true Muslim is one who must have the holy Quran in one hand and science in the other’. Ans. _________________________________________________________________________ 1) She was born on 3rd January, 1831 in Naigaum village of Satara district of Maharashtra. 2) She was married at a young age of 9 years and with encouragement from her husband she pursued further education and was engaged in liberation of females of the school she had opened in her home town. 3) S  he was the first female teacher of India’s first all women’s school. 4) She is considered as one of the pioneers of Marathi poetry. 5) A  long with her husband, Jyotirao Phule she has worked tirelessly for improving the conditions of widows and untouchables in the Indian society. Ans. _________________________________________________________________________ Do You Know? India is the world’s largest democracy with more than 700 million registered voters. JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 157 51 15-12-2017 12:06:48

Government Responsibilities Multiple Choice Questions 1) W hich of these Parliamentary committees of India is generally chaired by the prominent member of the Opposition?  [    ] (A) Committee on Government Assurances (B) Estimates Committee (C) Privileges Committee (D) Public Accounts Committee 2) Which of these are parts of Indian government? [   ] (A) Legislature (B) Judiciary (C) Executive (D) All A, B, C 3) Which of these governments rules over the whole country? [   ] (A) State Government (B) Panchayats (C) Central Government (D) None of the above 4) The Union territories get representation in [   ] (A) Lok Sabha (B) Rajya Sabha (C) Both the Houses (D) None of these 5) Who administers the oath of office to the President? [   ] (A) Chief Justice of India (B) Speaker of the Lok Sabha (C) Prime Minister (D) Vice President 52 15-12-2017 12:06:48 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 158

6) Who is the Head of Republic of India? [   ] (A) President (B) Prime Minister (C) Vice president (D) Speaker of Lok Sabha 7) The term of Lok Sabha  [] (A) can be extended by six months (B) can be extended by 1 year during the proclamation of emergency (C) can be extended by 2 years during the proclamation of emergency (D) cannot be extended under any circumstance 8) Which of the following statements is correct for Indian polity? (A) Planning Commission is an accountable statement. [    ] (B) President can make ordinance only when either of the two Houses of Parliament is not in session. (C) The minimum age prescribed for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court is 40 years. (D) N ational Development Council is constituted of Union Finance Minister and the Chief Ministers of all the States. 9) Which one of the following duties is not performed by Comptroller and Auditor General of India? [] (A) To audit and report on all expenditure from the Contingency Funds and Public Accounts. (B) To audit and report on all expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India. (C) To control the receipt and issue of public money, and to ensure that the public revenue is lodged in the exchequer. (D) T o audit and report on all trading, manufacturing, profit and loss accounts. 10) The primary function of the Finance Commission in India is to [   ] (A) allocate funds to various ministries of the Union and State Governments. (B) advise the President on financial matters. (C) prepare the Annual Budget. (D) distribute revenue between the Centre and the States. JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 159 53 15-12-2017 12:06:48

Fun Fact The system of democracy was introduced 2500 years ago in Athens, Greece. Match the functions of the different branches of government given in column A with the names of the branches/departments of the government in column B. Column A Column B 1) Local self government a) Legislature 2) Delivers justice b) Executive 3) The head of panchayat c) Judiciary 4) Ensures that laws are followed d) Gram Panchayat 5) Makes laws for the country e) Sarpanch 54 15-12-2017 12:06:48 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 160

11 s Time to Travel to Australia, Japan, U.A.E., U.K., and U.S.A. 1) Australia: Australia is one of the seven continents of the world and officially it is known as the Commonwealth of Australia. A former British colony, it adopted its own Constitution in the year 1901. The capital city of Australia is Canberra. It is the sixth largest country in the world in terms of area. Major parts of the country are covered with arid lands. Some of the famous cities of Australia are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, etc. The official language of the country is English and the currency used is the Australian dollar. Australia is a multi cultural country with people from different regions settled in this country. Australian food is a mixture of various food habits and tastes of the migrants from different parts of the world. Meat pies, Cornish pastries, lamb chops are the most famous and commonly eaten dish. There is no particular Australian uniform but the dress types are mainly a reflection of different indigenous cultures. Major types of dresses that evolved over the centuries include bush wear, swim wear, etc. Australia holds some major festivals throughout the year. The Sydney festival is one of the biggest and grandest festivals involving all forms of art like music, dance, theatre, and visual arts, etc. The country has produced several famous people from diverse fields. Sir Donald George Bradman is hailed as the greatest test batsman (cricket) in the world with a test batting average of 99.94. Australia is known as the ‘Land of Kangaroos’ since they are only found on this continent. JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 161 55 15-12-2017 12:06:48

Fun Fact Australia was the second country in the world to give women the right to vote in 1902. 2) Japan: Japan is an island country, an archipelago, formed by a string of islands, situated on the eastern edge of Asia. The four main islands of Japan are Hokkaidu, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Tokyo is the capital city of Japan. Other important cities of Japan are Osaka-Kobe, Nagoya, Fukuoka-Kitakyushu and Sapporo. Japan has a constitutional monarchy with limited powers vested in the emperor. Its official language is Japanese and the currency used is Japanese yen. The country is a rich breeding ground for fishes because of the meeting of warm Tsushima Current from the south with a colder current from the north into the Sea of Japan. Japan has over 108 active volcanoes. And is, therefore, hit by many earthqua- -kes every year. The people in Japan are very hard working and courteous. The children are taught to give more importance to their family and professional requirements than their personal needs. Japanese food mainly consists of rice, vegetable and fish with 56 15-12-2017 12:06:48 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 162

lesser use of meat and dairy products. As such Japanese people are healthy and have high life expectancy. A kimono, a type of full length dress is the traditional garment of Japan. The country celebrates a lot of festivals. The dates of these festivals vary from area to area. However, the Sapporo Snow festival is one of the largest celebrations of this island country held in the month of February. In this festival, several snow structures are built and lots of cultural events are organized around it. This eastern country has produced several personalities in diverse fields. Yoko Ono is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer and a peace activist. She is known for her work in performance art, filmmaking and music.  Japan is known for its remarkable advances in technology, which includes pioneering work in the automotive industry and in the creation of robotics. Also, Japan was the first country to build high speed trains like Bullet trains which travel at a speed of 320 km/hr. Do You Know? Japan suffers 1,500 earthquakes in a year. 3) United Arab Emirates: The United Arab Emirates or UAE is situated in the eastern part of the Arab peninsula. It is a federation of 7 emirates known as Trucial States, formed in the year 1971. Their JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 163 57 15-12-2017 12:06:48

capital is Abu Dhabi and other important cities include Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, etc. The official language of the country is Arabic and the currency is Dirham. The culture of UAE is highly influenced by Arabia and Persia. The traditional Emirati clothing consists of Kandura (an ankle-length white shirt) worn by men and Abaya (a black garment covering the whole body) worn by women. UAE has a whole lot of cuisines, influenced from several cultures. Some of them include Harees, Machboos and Luqemat. The major festival of this country is Eid-ul-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the Prime Minister of UAE has played a pivotal role in the development of UAE. His efforts led to growth of Dubai as a global city along with several other projects such as Emirates Airline, DP World and the Jumeirah Group, creation of technology park and free economic zone, Dubai Internet City, Dubai Media City, the Dubai International Finance Centre etc. The country has a vast reserve of oil and natural gas which also forms the main economy of this country. Burj Khalifa, in Dubai is the tallest building of the world. Fun Fact There are ATMs in Dubai that dispense gold bars. 4) United Kingdom: 58 15-12-2017 12:06:48 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 164

The United Kingdom or UK, as is popularly called, is composed of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland. It has a constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy with the Queen as the head of the state. The capital of UK is London which is also the largest city of the British Isles. Other important cities are Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester, West Yorkshire etc. The official language of UK is English and the currency used is British Pound Sterling. The culture of the country has been influenced by distinct customs and traditions of the four countries UK is composed of. There is no particular national dress code of UK. However each of these countries have their own national dress or particular dressing style; Scotland - kilt and Tam o’ shanter and tartan clothing, Wales - traditional Welsh costume with Welsh hat, England - smock-frock.  English Country Clothing consisting of flat caps and brogue shoes are also very popular among the rural folks. The red telephone box and the mail box are considered as cultural icons of Britain. Traditional examples of UK’s cuisines include the various meat pies such as kidney pie, shepherd’s pie, cottage pie, etc. It also famous for English breakfast, Sunday roast, fish and chips and steak. and kidney pie, shepherd’s pie, cottage pie etc. Christmas is by far the biggest celebration of the United Kingdom when people decorate their houses, participate in carols and enjoys Christmas dinner with the family. United Kingdom has produced several notable personalities in fields of politics, science, arts, etc. One of the greatest scientists of all time, Sir Isaac Newton is a native of United Kingdom. He was a mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion. The country has valleys and high grounds because of the huge glaciers which have existed since the time of Ice Age. It is fascinating to know that London was the first place to have a hot chocolate factory ever. Several sports originated in this country including Football, cricket and modern game of tennis and golf. Some of the highest ranked universities of the world are situated in this country such as Oxford University, Cambridge University, etc. JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 165 59 15-12-2017 12:06:48

5. United States of America: The United States of America or USA is considered as the super power in the world. It is a federal republic with President as the Head of the state and the government. It consists of 50 states with Washington D.C. as its capital. Some of the important cities of USA are New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Houston and Chicago. It is the 4th largest and 3rd most populous country in the world. The official language of the country is English and the currency used is Dollar. USA is a multi cultural society with influences from Native America, Africa, Asia, Latin America, etc. In US, fashion is very varied and mainly informal. However, boots, cowboy hats and leather jackets for motorists reflect typical American style. Also, blue jeans were first designed by the American merchant Levi Strauss. The food habits of this country have been adopted from various countries like Africa, Mexico, Latin America, Italy, etc. Hamburgers, doughnuts and fries are considered typical American foods. Thanksgiving is the traditional American holiday, derived from the English pilgrim’s custom of thanking those responsible for one’s welfare. During Thanksgiving, people spend time with their family and friends followed by an elaborate lunch. US has produced several famous personalities such as Walter Elias Disney or Walt Disney as he is known for creating most famous cartoon characters and the pioneer of American animation industry. Characters such as ‘Mickey Mouse’, ‘Donald Duck’, etc. He also made animated movies like ‘Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs’, ‘Bambi’ and ‘Pinocchio’ which are famous across the world. 60 15-12-2017 12:06:48 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 166

Neil Armstrong, the first man ever to walk on the moon was from America. Cell phones were first developed by the American television and radio manufacturer, Motorola. The Wright Brothers were the first ones to invent aircrafts. The biggest IT companies of our times like Microsoft, Google and Apple Inc. have originated in USA. Hollywood, located in Los Angeles is one of the biggest and most recognizable film industries in the world. JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 167 61 15-12-2017 12:06:49

Notes: 62 15-12-2017 12:06:49 JSNR_181310004-_BGM_CSGK-G4-Integrated Book-Computers+GK-FY_WK_Text.pdf 168