202110212-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-SOCIAL_STUDIES-G09-PART2

CHAPTER 20- DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 2.4 Key Concepts i. If the society is divided into highly unequal classes or rich and poor or high caste and dalits then the political equalities will become meaningless. ii. The elections must offer a real choice between political alternatives. To assess a democracy, it is important to look before and after the elections. This requires that the state should respect civil liberties of the citizens. iii. A democracy must be based on a free and fair election where those currently in power have a fair chance of losing. iv. Democracies also need to safeguard the interests of those who hold opinion contrary to the majority of the people. v. The biggest challenge before democracy is to deal with people who hold opinions against democracy itself – those who think that democracy has to be replaced by some kind of dic- tatorship. vi. A democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens rights. SESSION 2. ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS AND CIVIL LIBE... 149

SESSION 3 MAJORITARIAN VS. INCLUSIVE: SRILANKA AND BELGIUM 3.1 Mind Map SESSION 3. MAJORITARIAN VS. INCLUSIVE: SRILANKA AND BELGIUM 150

CHAPTER 20- DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 3.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities? [Refer to TB page 253 Q2] A. Under the following circumstances democracies accommodate social diversities: 1. Democracy accomodate all the social diversity by giving equal rights and freedom to the people of all groups. 2. The majority always needs to work with minority so that government functions to represent the general views. 3. It is important to ensure that the rule of majority does not represent the people majority group only. the majority group needs to work in harmony with the minority groups in a way that interests and concerns af all groups are taken care of. Q2. In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is odd one out. Democracies need to ensure. [Refer to TB page 253 Q4] A) Free and fair elections B) dignity of the individual C) Majority rule D) Equal treatment before law. A. C –Majority Rule SESSION 3. MAJORITARIAN VS. INCLUSIVE: SRILANKA AND BELGIUM 151

CHAPTER 20- DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following countries in the world map. [Refer to TB page 253 Q9] 1 ˙Sri lanka 2. Belgium 3.Russia 4. America (USA) A. 3.3 Key Concepts i. Sri Lanka, an island nation, south of India, too has a diverse population. Most of the Sin- hala–speaking people are Buddhists, and Tamils are Hindus and Muslims. ii. In Sri Lanka, post its independence in 1948, the leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. Sinhala was made the only official language, disregarding Tamil. iii. The Sri Lankan Tamils formed parties and started struggle for equal status. Autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. iv. By 1980s several political organizations were formed, it soon turned into a civil war. v. In the final war the Sri Lankan army defeated the LTTE, established a brutal control over Tamil People. vi. Belgium is a small country in Europe. Of the country’s total population, 59 percent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. vii. Another 40 percent people speak French, remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak Ger- man. viii. The Belgian leaders recognized the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. SESSION 3. MAJORITARIAN VS. INCLUSIVE: SRILANKA AND BELGIUM 152

SESSION 4 DIGNITY AND FREEDOM OF CITIZENS 4.1 Mind Map 4.2 Terminology 1. Internal conflicts: An internal conflict is when two or more groups of people, in a state or country are fighting for equal rights, equal share or demand superior status or are denied their birth rights. The issues can be social, political or economical. SESSION 4. DIGNITY AND FREEDOM OF CITIZENS 153

CHAPTER 20- DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 4.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What are the reasons for the people to fight for democracy? [Refer to TB page 253 Q11] A. People prefer democracy, because 1) It promotes equality between the citizens of the country. 2) It promotes dignity. 3) It contains methods to resolve conflicts. 4) There are open public debates on major issues. 5) It improves the quality of decision making. 6) It gives rights to people to get information about public administration. So, people always fight for democracy. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the first two paragraphs under the subheading ‘Dignity and freedom of the citizens’ and answer the following questions. Write about the dignity and freedom of citizens in a democratic country? [Refer to TB page 253 Q10] A. Democracyis a form of government which promotes the dignity and freedom of individuals, 1)In democracy people have the freedom to choose their representatives on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise. 2) Most societies across the world are historically male-dominated. Equal treatment of women become the necessary requirement of a democratic society. Thus, the status of women in demo- cratic countries improved. 3) In a non- democratic set up, there is no legal basis for freedom and dignity of individuals. 4) Democracy transforms people from the status of subjects under a king to the status of citizens with rights and duties. 5) Many fundamental rights are guaranteed to citizens in a democratic country. SESSION 4. DIGNITY AND FREEDOM OF CITIZENS 154

CHAPTER 20- DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Write a response to the following arguments against democracy. [Refer to TB page 253 Q8] A) Army is the most disciplined and corruption free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country. B) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers. C) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders. A. A) It is against democracy. Army alone can never bring in discipline, rather it would create more dissatisfaction. We should bring structural changes in the attitude of the people. So that we can reduce corruption gradually in a country. B) The basic element of democracy is majority opinion. If the people really know about democratic ideals they can participation in a better way in administration. So majority opinion is better than minority. Rule of majority is democratic because it represents the views of all sections of the society. C) As India is a secular country, no special importance to any particular religion is given. Ruling a country by religious leaders is meaningless. If they rule the country, people may feel that the persons who belong to that particular religion are trying to push their own religious ideas on to them. So, religious leaders should only spread and propagate religious matters and never try to become rulers. 4.4 Key Concepts i. Between 1970 and 1993, Belgian leaders amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement. Apart from the Central and the State Governments, there is a third kind of government , known as ,‘community government’. ii. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language–related issues. iii. Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual. iv. Every individual wants to receive respect from the fellow beings. v. The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy. vi. Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for providing equal opportunity. vii. Most individuals believe today that their vote makes a difference to the way the government is run. SESSION 4. DIGNITY AND FREEDOM OF CITIZENS 155

CHAPTER 20-DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. USA allowed white women to vote a. 1893 ii. Discrimination against Black citizens ended b. 1965 iii. Equal right of vote in Fiji c. 1930 iv. Voting rights in New Zealand d. 2013 v. Mexico became independent e. 1920 2. Match the following. Column B Column A a. ZANU–PF b. Zimbabwe i. Robert Mugabe c. Belgium ii. Zimbabwe ruled by d. Democracy iii. LTTE e. Sri Lanka iv. Brussels v. Elections 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. 156 (i) What is democracy? (ii) What is the main function of democratic government? (iii) What is the biggest challenge before democracy? CHAPTER 20. DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA

CHAPTER 20- DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA (iv) What are civil liberties? (v) What stipulated to protect Buddhism in Sri Lanka? (vi) What helps governments to remain in power? (vii) What were the results of civil war in Sri Lanka? (viii) How can we attain true democracy? (ix) What is the basis of democracy? 4. Fill in the blanks. (x) In democracy the in elections is an indicator of equality and inclusiveness. (xi) are controlled by the government to give only the ruling party’s version in Zimbabwe. (xii) In many countries even the elected governments do not encourage public . (xiii) is a small country in Europe. (xiv) Restriction on helps governments to remain in power. (xv) The tension between Dutch and French speaking communities was more acute in . (xvi) In most of the media is owned by very rich corporate houses or media barons. (xvii) is an island nation to the south of India. (xviii) was known to use many unfair means to win elections in Mexico. (xix) Most societies across the world were historically dominated. CHAPTER 20. DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 157

CHAPTER 20-DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why do the people migrated from other countries, denied voting powers? (ii) Why was Brussels chosen as headquarters of European Union? AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How can you say that Universal Adult Franchise or suffrage is promoted in India? Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What are the problems of democracy? AS5-Mapping Skills Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Locate the following on World map: A) China B) India C) USSR D) England E) South Africa F) Brazil G) United States CHAPTER 20. DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 158

CHAPTER 20-DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA (ii) Locate the following on World map: A) New Zealand B) Denmark C) France D) Belgium E) U.K CHAPTER 20. DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 159

CHAPTER 20-DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA (iii) Read the map and answer the following questions. i. Name the country in Europe shown in the above map. ii. What is mentioned / shown in the above map? iii. What is the capital city this country? iv. What are the languages spoken in this country? v. Which languages dominate in the capital city? CHAPTER 20. DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 160

CHAPTER 20-DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA (iv) Read the map and answer the following questions. i. Which communities brought civil war in Sri Lanka? ii. What are the communities present in Sri Lanka? iii. Which is the majority community in Sri Lanka? iv. Who were treated as minorities? v. Sri Lanka is known as an . AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) How can you say democracy is the best form of government in India? CHAPTER 20. DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 161

CHAPTER 20-DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 10. Choose the correct answer. (i) In a country, the power of the elected representatives would be supreme. (A) capitalist (B) socialist (C) democratic (D) monarchy (ii) Discrimination against Black citizen in USA was abolished only in (A) 1965 (B) 1985 (C) 1596 (D) 1965 (iii) The first large country to give universal voting rights to its citizens was (A) USSR (B) USA (C) India (D) Australia (iv) In a democracy, each adult citizen must have vote. (A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D)All the above (v) In elections for the president of USA in 2012 more then %people did not vote at all. (A) 30% (B) 60% (C) 20% (D) 40% (vi) In many countries most of the government decisions were kept secret from (A) Opposition (B) People (C)Own party (D) President CHAPTER 20. DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 162

(vii) In CHAPTER 20- DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA opposition parties did contest election but never managed to win. (A) Portugal (B) Pakistan (C) Mexico (D) Fiji (viii) Robert Mugabe has been ruling since its independence. (A) Zambia (B) Rhodesia (C) Zimbabwe (D) Pakistan (ix) In , Parliament is called as Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui. (A) Thailand (B) China (C) Myanmar (D) Dutch (x) was made the only official language in Sri Lanka. (A) Sinhala (B) Tamil (C) Hindi (D) English CHAPTER 20. DEMOCRACY: AN EVOLVING IDEA 163

21. HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS SESSION 1 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. Fundamental rights: Rights which are essential for the well being of a person are called funda- mental rights. 2. Human rights: The right that are considered universal to humanity, regardless of citizenship, residency status, ethnicity, gender or other. SESSION 1. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 164

CHAPTER 21- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Which of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right? [Refer to TB page 266 Q1] i. Workers from Bihar go to Punjab to work on the farms. ii. Religious minority set up a chain of schools. iii. Men and women government employees get the same salary iv. Parents property is inherited by their children. A. 4. Parents property is Inherited by their children. Q2. Which of the following freedoms is not available to an Indian citizen? [Refer to TB page 266 Q2] i. Freedom to criticise the government. ii. Freedom to participate in armed revolution. iii. Freedom to start a movement to change the government. iv. Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution. A. Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution. Q3. Which of these statements about the relationship between democracy and rights is more valid? Give reasons for your preference. [Refer to TB page 266 Q3] i. Every country that has democracy gives rights to its citizens. ii. Every country that gives rights to its citizen is a democracy. iii. Giving rights is good, but it is not necessary for democracy. A. I prefer the first sentence. The reasons are– a) 1. All democratic countries ensure certain rights to its citizens. 2. Rights are reasonable claims of the people. 3. Democratic governments strive to preserve equal ground for all. SESSION 1. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 165

CHAPTER 21- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS b) 1. During the early days of modern history, all despotic governments, granted certain rights to the people. That was done under great pressure. 2. Therefore every country that gives rights to its citizens is not democratic. c) The rights are so important that they are also expressed by many democratic countries and codified by the UNO and first place in the universal declaration of human rights. Hence it is necessary for democracy to give rights. Q4. Are these restrictions on the right to freedom justified? Give reasons for your answer. [Refer to TB page 266 Q4] i. Indian citizens need permission to visit some border areas of the country for reasons of security reason. ii. Outsiders are not allowed to buy property in some areas to protect the interest of the local population. iii. The government bans the publication of a book that can go against the ruling party in the coming next election. A. 1. a) Yes, it is justifiable. b) It is the responsibility of the government to protect the life of the people. c) Border areas are high risk areas and tension always persists there. 2. a) No, not justifiable. b) People in democracy have freedom to reside in any part of India but definitely not in an area by encroaching others’ property, in an industrial area which is dangerous or on an area whose premises are disputed for some reason. c) Hence, this statement is against the fundamental rules. d) But, there is one clause in our Constitution itself, that we cannot buy property in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. e) So Jammu and Kashmir is the exemption to the fundamental rule. 3.a) No, not justifiable. SESSION 1. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 166

CHAPTER 21- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS b) Democracies grant civil liberties to its citizens. c) Under civil liberties we can express our ideas through media or books. d) But generally, government bans certain books in order to avoid internal tensions. Q5. Look through this chapter and the previous one and make a list of the six Fundamental Rights in the Constitution. [Refer to TB page 266 Q5] A. There are six fundamental rights in the Constitution. They are: i. Right to equality ii. Right to freedom iii. Right against exploitation iv. Right to freedom of religion v. Cultural and educational rights vi. Right to constitutional remedies. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the paragraph under the heading, ‘Abolition of Title’ and answer the following question. The awards can’t be used by the recipient as a title, why? [Refer to TB page 266 Q8] In another move to remove arbitrary and unequal classification of the aristocratic class and the bourgeois the constitution prohibits the stage from conferring any titles. The British government had created an aristocratic class known as RaiBahadurs and khan Bahadurs in India–.These titles were also abolished. Citizens of India cannot accept titles from a foreign state. However, Military and academic distinctions can be conferred on the citizens of India. The awards like the Bharat Ratna, the Paramveer Chakra and Padma Vibhushan cannot be used by the recipient as a title and do not, accordingly , come within the constitutional prohibition. A. The constitution of India does not allow any person to possess any title, other than that of edu- cational degrees. It is considered as discrimination, under the Law of the Land. The Constitution of India doesn’t want to create a kind of such division in the society. As such, the awards, which also have a title along with that, cannot be used as a title, by the recipient. SESSION 1. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 167

CHAPTER 21- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Analyse an incident you know about where the Rights are violated. [Refer to TB page 266 Q9] A. Student’s Response 1.4 Key Concepts i. The makers of the Indian Constitution made a Constitution which would allow laws to meet the varying needs and goals of the society. ii. The concept of equal rights has been a changing one. iii. Fundamental Rights are rights which are so fundamental that they have been given a sacred place in the Constitution. iv. Fundamental Rights find a place in Part 3 of the Constitution of India. v. These rights give people a protection from oppressive governments and place a duty on the government to uphold them. vi. They are so important that if they are violated by the government, any person has a right to approach the High Court or the Supreme Court directly without going to the lower courts for relief. vii. Writ is an authority given to the court to issue directions to the government to protect and enforce any constitutional right. viii. The Right to equality, guarantees that all citizens shall be equally protected by the laws of the country, whether she be an ordinary citizen, a minister, government official or a small farmer. ix. Everyone is under the same law and it is called as Rule of law. x. The Social Equality, does not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, and place of birth. xi. The Equality of Opportunity; Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state. xii. The Constitution, in no uncertain terms abolishes. Untouchability its practice in any form is forbidden. xiii. The practice of untouchability is an offence and anyone doing so is punishable by law even attracting a jail term. xiv. The Protection of Civil Rights Act provides penalties for preventing a person from entering a place of worship or from taking water from a tank or well. xv. The British government had created an aristocratic class known as Rai Bahadurs and Khan Bahadurs in India, these titles were also abolished. xvi. The Right to Freedom guarantees six freedoms: xvii. Freedom of speech and expression, which enable an individual to participate in public activities. xviii. Citizens are free to express their views in many ways such as through meetings, plays, paintings etc. xix. Movies are subject to review by the Censor Board in the interests of public good, morality. SESSION 1. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 168

CHAPTER 21- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS xx. Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business. xxi. The Right to Life and Personal Liberty includes: Protection. xxii. In 2002, the right to primary education became a part of the right to life. The govt is responsible to provide free and compulsory education to children from six to fourteen years. xxiii. If a person is forced to work as a bonded labourer it would also be a violation. xxiv. No child below the age of 14 shall be employed to work in any factory or mines or any other hazardous employment. xxv. All individuals are free to follow their conscience and practice any religion. xxvi. This right preserves the spirit of secularism in India. xxvii. One cannot commit a crime like infanticide in the name of religion. This is what the Preamble means when it says that India is secular. xxviii. According to the Constitution, the government does not have any religion. SESSION 1. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 169

SESSION 2 SCOPE AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS AND RIGHTS 2.1 Mind Map Scope and other institutions and Rights. 2.2 Terminology 1. Litigation: The process of taking a case to a court of law so that a judgement can be made. 2. Titles: A descriptive or distinctive appellation. 3 ˙ Arbitrary: Depending on individual discretion and not by law. SESSION 2. SCOPE AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS AND RIGHTS 170

CHAPTER 21- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Are the Fundamental Rights being violated in each of the following cases? If so, which Funda- mental Right or Rights? [Refer to TB page 266 Q6] i. Suppose a person is kept in a police station for 4 days without being told which law is broken? ii. Suppose your neighbour tries to claim some of your land as her own. iii. Suppose your parents do not allow you to go to school. They make you take up a job in a match factory instead, because they cannot afford to feed you properly. iv. Suppose your brother refuses to give you the land that you have inherited from your father. A. a) i. In the first case, arresting a person without proper reason and keeping him in a police station for 4 days is against the fundamental rights. ii. “Rights to life” and personal liberty ensures that no one can be arrested without being told the grounds for his arrest. iii. “Hebeaus Courpus” writ protects the individuals from the arrest. b) i. Occupation of one’s land by another is a violation of fundamental rights. ii. Right to property is a legal right. c) i. Not allowing a child to go to school is definitely violation of fundamental rights. ii. “Right to education” is a part of “Right to life”. iii. Government is responsible for providing free and compulsory education to all the children from the age of 6 to 14 years. SESSION 2. SCOPE AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS AND RIGHTS 171

CHAPTER 21- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS d) i. Refusal by your brother to give you the land that you inherited is not a violation of fundamen- tal rights. ii. Right to property is a legal right and civil courts will solve the problem. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Suppose you are an advocate. How would you argue the case for a group of people who come to you with the following request. [Refer to TB page 266 Q7] “The river in our area is getting polluted by the factories upstream. We get our drinking water from the river. People in our villages keep falling ill because of the polluted water. We complained to the government but there has been no action from their side. This is surely a violation of our Fundamental Rights A. i. Being an advocate I would like to file a writ in the court for the interests of the public. ii. This is surely a violation of our fundamental rights. iii. Hence I would argue the case in such a way that immediately a stay order would be issued to close down the factory. iv. When the government did not respond to our complaints, courts would definitely safeguard our interests. 2.4 Key Concepts i. The rights like idea of democracy, has captured the attention of people across the globe. ii. Rights are often traced to the Magna Carta of England and French Revolution where a declara- tion of rights of man and of citizens was announced. iii. Universal Declaration of Human Rights was passed by the UN General Assembly in 1948. iv. In 1993, the Government of India passed an act of legislature to protect human rights. A com- mission for human rights was set up under this law called the National Human Rights Commis- sion (NHRC). v. NHRC is vested with the authority to make an inquiry, suo motu (on its own initiative), or on a petition presented to it by a victim or any person on his / her behalf. SESSION 2. SCOPE AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS AND RIGHTS 172

CHAPTER 21-HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Right against exploitation a. Abolition of Untouchability ii. Freedom to form association or unions iii. Right to freedom b. Prohibition of employment of children in factories iv. Protection of Civil Rights Act c. Freedom to assemble peacefully without v. Special provisions arms d. Cultural groups, business associations e. Scheduled castes and tribes 2. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Fundamental Rights a. Constitution ii. Fundamental Duties b. Reasonable claims of people iii. Rights c. Guaranteed by Constitution iv. Preamble d. Guarantee against every form of discrimination v. Social equality e. Cannot be enforced by the court 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What are fundamental duties? (ii) What is UDHR? CHAPTER 21. HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 173

CHAPTER 21-HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (iii) Why is Right to Assemble important? (iv) What is Right to Life? (v) Why can’t ‘sati’ be allowed? 4. Fill in the blanks. (vi) The has been working to protect the basic human rights of people. (vii) The provides penalties for preventing a person from entering a place of worship. (viii) Rights are often traced to the of England. (ix) Unlike Fundamental Rights, even if a person violates he or she cannot be taken to court. (x) Many new rights have been included into the constitution like . (xi) was passed by the UN General Assembly in 1948. (xii) A violation of other fundamental rights by the State gives people theFundamental Right to approach the . (xiii) The Fundamental Rights provided in the Constitution have been from time to time. (xiv) Movies are subject to review by the in the interests of public good, decency and morality. (xv) To make the Rights meaningful to everybody, the courts under the exercise of judicial review have encouraged the people to file . CHAPTER 21. HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 174

CHAPTER 21-HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What is the difference between fundamental rights and human rights? Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What do you understand by social equality? Explain. (ii) What do you know about the National Human Rights Commission? Write in detail. AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) What do you understand by ‘Equal Protection of Law’? (ii) Read the text, understand and interpret. The Constitution says, “All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.” Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. No citizen can be denied his life and liberty except by law. This means that a person’s life and personal liberty can only be disputed if that person has committed a crime. However, the right to life does not include the right to die and hence, suicide or an attempt thereof, is an offense. AS3-Information Skills Long Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Find out about the type of human rights violations that take place and prepare a list. CHAPTER 21. HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 175

CHAPTER 21-HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) How would your life have been different had there been no guarantee of fundamental rights in your country? AS5-Mapping Skills Short Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Observe the image and answer the following questions: I. What are the people doing in the above image? Caption the image. ii. What kind of right allows them to gather in this manner? AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 12. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) We talk about fundamental rights but not much is said about fundamental duties. Do you think they should run parallel to each other? Why? CHAPTER 21. HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 176

CHAPTER 21-HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Long Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Do you think fundamental rights in our country have been compromised? Give reason for your answer. Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 14. Choose the correct answer. (i) Which type of government safeguards majority as well as minorities? (A) Monarchical (B) Democratic (C) Dictatorial (D) Fascist (ii) Rights have also been codified by (B) Directive Principles (A) United Nations Organization (UNO) (C)League of Nations (D) NATO (iii) In which part of the Indian Constitution will you find the Fundamental Rights? (A) Part 2 (B) Part 5 (C)Part 8 (D)Part 3 (iv) The state cannot discriminate against and cannot mete out preferential treatment to any of the Indian citizens on the basis of their caste, creed, colour, sex, gender, religion, office or place of birth. Which Right are we talking about here? (A) Right to Freedom (B) Right against exploitation (C)Right to constitutional remedies (D)Right to Equality (v) This Right enables an individual to participate in public activities. CHAPTER 21. HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 177

CHAPTER 21-HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (A) Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms (B) Freedom to form associations or unions (C)Freedom of speech and expression (D)Freedom to move freely (vi) Under this Right, all forms of “forced labours are prohibited”. What is the Right? (A) Right to constitutional remedies (B) Right against exploitation (C)Right to equality (D)Right to freedom (vii) In which year did the Government of India pass an act of legislature to protect human rights? (A) 1998 (B) 1983 (C) 1993 (D) 2003 (viii) Which commission was set up for human rights? (A) NBRC (B) NHRC (C) NDRC (D) NARC (ix) Which of the following is a fundamental duty? (A) To establish educational institutions (B) to defend the country (C)to practice one’s own religion (D)to reside in any territory in India (x) Which of the following takes up human rights cases in the states? (A) State Human Rights Commissions (B) National Commission for Women (C)National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (D)National Minority Commission CHAPTER 21. HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 178

22. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS SESSION 1 RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 1.1 Mind Map SESSION 1. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 179

CHAPTER 22- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 1.2 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What are the disadvantages of child marriages? [Refer to TB page 276 Q1] A. Child means a male who has not completed 21 years of age and a female who has not completed 18 years of age. There are so many disadvantages of child marriages. i. Mental as well as physical health problems. ii. Responsibilities have to be shouldered at a very young age. iii. Education gets affected. iv. Work opportunities are limited for the youngsters, since their education levels are low, they can’t get highly paid jobs. v. Bringing up children may be difficult. Their knowledge of child care may be limited and parental guidance is also not there. They may not be able to provide appropriate care for their children. vi. Breakdown of marriage is possible. Often young couple is immature to shoulder major re- sponsibilities and end up fighting with each other. Adjustment problems may arise. vii. Many children drop out of school and ultimately lose out on achieving higher education. viii. Other than these, underage pregnancy, increased abortions, premature births, handicapped child births or dead child births, child labour, family maintenance are also some disadvan- tages of child marriages. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. Imagine that you are Tehsildar. How would you prevent child marriages? [Refer to TB page 276 Q6] A. Education of the parents is just as important as education of the children. As a Tehsildar– I will raise awareness among parents and their relatives. If they don’t listen to me, I will request the police department to take them into custody. Thus, I will prevent child marriages. SESSION 1. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 180

CHAPTER 22- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Many acts are made by the government. What do you suggest for better implementation? [Refer to TB page 276 Q4] A. As India is a democratic country where all the citizens get equal opportunity. The Govern- ment passed many acts to have the equality among the people for better implementation of these acts. i. Government should give publicity about the details of Act. ii. It should distribute pamphlets about the advantages of Act. iii. In Rural areas concerned leaders of the village should propagate the importance of Act. iv. Government should appoint some officials to go on rounds to cities and villages and educate the people about the Act. v. People also should participate voluntarily to propagate the ideas of Act. vi. In educational institutions, teachers should discuss about new acts that were passed by government. 1.3 Key Concepts i. UNO proposed international children charter in 1989. It was signed by 191 countries. ii. Child marriages are prohibited under 2006 child marriages Act. It decided the age for marriage as 18 years for girls and for boys 21 years. SESSION 1. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 181

SESSION 2 WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 2.1 Mind Map SESSION 2. WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 182

CHAPTER 22- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 2.2 Terminology 1. Dowry: Property or money brought a bride to her husband or husbands family on their marriage. 2. Domestic violence: Any incident of threatening behavior, violence or abuse between adults who are family members regardless of gender. 3. Lok Adalat: It is a special kind of Peoples court in which some particular kind of disputes by direct talk between the litigant. These courts are not substitution for existing courts, but it is additional arm of the existing judicial institution. 4. Sexual Assault: When an individual engages in sexual activity without the explicit consent of the other individual involved. 5. Forced Prostitution: Someone forcing another person to sell their body. 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. Write an essay on general problems, the women are facing? [Refer to TB page 276 Q5] A. Women are the backbone of any strong society. They are source of constant support and motivation to the entire family. i. Financial demands of Indian families are forcing women to do domestic and as well as office work, as men do not share household work. ii. Women going out to work are often subjected to sexual harassment. iii. Women’s remuneration is less than men. iv. Major burden of running the family is on the shoulders of women. v. Women have less sleeping hours, as they are solely responsible to take care of children in the family. vi. Male superiority creates several hurdles for women at their work place. SESSION 2. WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 183

CHAPTER 22- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS Q2. Why has the domestic violence become a common practice? In what forms domestic violence is seen? [Refer to TB page 276 Q2] A. i. Domestic violence not only affects women, but also has devastating consequences for the rest of the population. ii. Domestic violence by men against women can be seen as a consequence of the inequalities between men and women. iii. Most domestic violence is caused by learning and reinforcement rather than by biology or genetics. iv. People who drink too much abuse their partners or family members. v. Domestic violence starts slowly and it becomes a routine, when nobody opposes it. vi. In India most of the women are not educated and bear the violence for the sake of children. vii. Indians are bounded with the system of ‘unity’ and women are not ready to come out of their family. This leads to domestic violence becoming a common practice. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the para under the title ‘Sexual Assault and Torturing’ of page 275 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 276 Q8] A. Sexual assault and torture on womenfolk, both in urban and rural set up is widely prevalent. These assaulta have been taking place since centuries but n absence of any governmental complaining authority, women were forced to keep quiet. Moreover, fear of public ridicules, bad name to the family in society etc ., women were bearing these onslaughts without any help from anywhere. Recently, Central government of India as Justice J.S. Varma Committee asking for suggestions to control this violence targeted towards women. Based on the suggestions, Hon. President of India has issued an ordinance on Feb 2nd , 2013. Consequently, Criminal Amendment Act, 2013, also known as Nirbhaya Act, was passed on 3rd April, 2013. Main features of theis Act are: i. Minimum 20 years of Imprisonment on trying outrage the modesty of women in any which way ii. Recruitment of women police force to address the complaints from the victims iii. There will be no punishment for the victim if the accused dies during the struggle at the time of attack with acid attacks on the woman. iv. Video shoot during the complaint, if the victim wants to go for it. SESSION 2. WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 184

CHAPTER 22- WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. You have read about various problems of girls and women. Have you noticed any sort of these problems in your village I town, Specify them and what is to be done? [Refer to TB page 276 Q3] A. Sample Answer: 1. Recently one incident took place near my household. 2.The husband was forcing his wife to give more dowry. 3. They had to a girl who was studying at Chennai. 4. The girl tried to reach her mother but she was not able to communicate with her. 5. Suspecting that something might have happened she reached Vijayawada, with her relatives help, she left to meet her parents. 6. The girl was shocked to see that her mother was house arrested and is being harassed by her father. 7. Immediately she gave a police complaint. Father was jailed and mother left to Chennai along with the daughter. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Prepare a pamphlet to understand the problems faced by women. [Refer to TB page 276 Q7] A. Students activity 2.4 Key Concepts i. Government passed an act in 1961, Dowry Prohibition Act. ii. To stop the violence National and International government have taken up certain declarations. iii. Men and women shall possess equal rights in the matters of family. iv. Women and children are suffering from domestic violence. v. Sexually, physically, mentally, economically women are suffering in the family. vi. Whoever caused sexual assault will be imprisoned for minimum 20 years. vii. A people’s court Lok Adalat was established under the Article 39–A of the Constitution. viii. Lok Adalat is meant for settling the problems faster. ix. The state government and the high court jointly formulated certain principles as per the Act of Judicial Services Authority. SESSION 2. WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND ISSUES 185

CHAPTER 22-WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS —— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Match the following. Column A Column B i. Sexual Assault and Torturing a. Social and religious prostitution ii. Physical abuse b. Minimum 20 years of imprisonment iii. Immoral trafficking c. Up to 7 years rigorous imprisonment iv. Sexual assault d. Behavior that causes to bodily pain or harm v. Activities against the law e. Children are forced to sell narcotics and 2. Match the following. drugs Column A Column B i. District Collector a. Obstacle to education ii. Disadvantages of child marriage b. Incharge for stopping child Marriages iii. Children Rights c. Rs. 15,000 fine iv. Dowry d. Ordinance of 2013 v. Justice J.S Verma Committee e. Right to live with parents as far as possible 3. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (i) What is Lok Adalat? (ii) Write one provision of Dowry Prohibition Act 1961. (iii) Give one example of sexual assault as a form of trafficking. CHAPTER 22. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 186

CHAPTER 22-WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS (iv) State one disadvantage of child marriage. (v) Mention any one right of children. 4. Fill in the blanks. (vi) In the UNO proposed international children’s charter on which 191 countries have signed. (vii) starts slowly and it becomes a routine if nobody opposes it. (viii) All the people below years age are children without gender discrimination. (ix) Deprivation of economic or financial resources, using women’s wealth, selling their property etc. amounts to . (x) Washing clothes, cleaning the houses and utensils without proper wages, entrusting work in neighbours’ houses amounts to . (xi) means peoples’ court. (xii) Tying up the children on camels and making them run for entertainment is a form of . (xiii) Citizens who belong to are eligible for judicial assistance. (xiv) Judicial advice is given in exchange of fee is done by the . (xv) Forcing children to work without making proper payments, not providing nutritious food, clothes and not treating them as human beings is known as . Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Why do we need Women Protection Acts? CHAPTER 22. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 187

CHAPTER 22-WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS (ii) Write five important child rights. Long Answer Type Questions 6. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Write a note on the Dowry Prohibition Act. (ii) What do you know about the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act? AS2-Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Short Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. Violation of children’s and women’s rights is still continuing in our society in various forms. Incidents of their violation happen in families as well at workplaces. How far can such violation of rights continue? There is a need to change the attitude of society which adversely affects the overall development of women and children. Proper implementation of the laws made by the government can provide free and confident life to children and women. Long Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) Read the text and comment on it. If a person gives or takes or abets dowry, he/she shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term not be less than five years and with a fine not be less than 15 thousand rupees or the amount of the value of such dowry whichever is more. AS4-Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Do you think over the years women have become more vulnerable or strong? Can you give reasons? CHAPTER 22. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 188

CHAPTER 22-WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS AS6-Appreciation and Sensitivity Short Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) Appreciate the role of Lok Adalats in promoting justice in the society. Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) What can be done to encourage more and more women to speak up for themselves and take a stand against violence? Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 12. Choose the correct answer. (i) The Prohibition of the Child Marriage Act was passed in (A) 1996 (B) 2006 (C) 1986 (D) 1976 (ii) The Immoral Trafficking Act was passed in (B) 1966 (A) 1956 (C) 2006 (D) 1986 (iii) Which of the following is a form of trafficking? (A) Murder (B) Domestic violence (C) Harassment (D)Sexual assault (iv) When was the Dowry Prohibition Act passed? (A) 1951 (B) 1971 (C) 1991 (D) 1961 (v) What is considered to be a major cause for domestic violence? CHAPTER 22. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 189

(A) Smoking CHAPTER 22-WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS (B) Health problems (C)Addiction to drinking (D)Unrestrained freedom (vi) Which of the following is not a form of domestic violence? (A) Scolding (B) Vetti (C) Beating (D)Mental abuse (vii) An ordinance was issued on sexual assault and torturing by the President of India in . (B) 2014 (A) 2015 (C) 2013 (D) 2012 (viii) Which article contains provisions for settlement of disputes through Lok Adalat? (A) 39–B (B) 39–A (C) 39–C (D) 38–A (ix) What is the reality about domestic violence? (A) Parents punishing their children now and then is not a major issue to be considered. (B) Violence leads to more violence. Children who grow in the violent atmosphere will become more violent in the future. (C)Women shall bear the violence for the sake of children. (D)There is no way to get out of domestic violence. (x) When was the Immoral Trafficking Act amended? (A) 2006 (B) 2014 (C) 1996 (D) 2000 CHAPTER 22. WOMEN PROTECTION ACTS 190

23. DISASTER MANAGEMENT SESSION 1 HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISASTERS 1.1 Mind Map 1.2 Terminology 1. World community: The term is used primarly in political and humanitarian context to describe an international aggregate of nation states of widely. 1.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What safety measures should be followed to avoid fire accidents? [Refer to TB page 285 Q3] A. The measures to be adopted to prevent fire accidents are of paramount importance. i. Put smoke detectors in strategic locations in houses. Fire ii. Inflammable things should not be kept near the fire. iii. In case of fire accidents immediate information has to be given to fire station. iv. On hearing the fire alarm, keep the road clear. v. Gathering crowd makes the firefighting operation difficult. vi. Strict vigilance in fireworks factory helps us to prevent fire accidents. vii. Mobiles should not be operated in petrol bunks. viii. Don’t allow children to play with matches. ix. Don’t keep highly inflammable objects with in the vicinity in case of fire accidents. accidents are man made tragedy, and thus totally preventable. SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 191

CHAPTER 23- DISASTER MANAGEMENT Q2. What are the main causes to road accidents? How can we reduce the road accidents? [Refer to TB page 285 Q4] A. Causes for Road accidents: i. Careless driving is one of the causes of road accidents. ii. Most drivers drive under the influence of alcohol which results in troad accidents. iii. Violation of road signs leads to road accidents. iv. Driving too fast reduces the time available to react something on the road and can make injuries even more severe. v. Individual neglect to follow road rules and regulations, it leads to road accidents. Poor driving skills, breaking down of vehicle on the roads, second hand tiers, poor nature of roads, over loading of vehicles beyond their expected gross weight also cause road accidents. Measures to reduce road accidents: i. Don’t take alcohol before going for a drive. ii. Never overtake from wrong side. iii. Maintain prescribed speed, never drive over speed. iv. Take care of bumps. v. Use rear view mirrors. vi. Avoid using cell phones while driving. vii. Keep your brakes working smoothly. viii. Must use helmet while driving a two wheeler. If we take all these measures while driving on the road we can reach our destination safely. Q3. Identify the causes of rail accidents? [Refer to TB page 285 Q6] A. Railway transport is the fastest means of network. Now – a – days railway accidents are increasing in India. Causes: SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 192

CHAPTER 23- DISASTER MANAGEMENT i. Lack of maintenance: Improper track maintenance is the sole reason for hundreds of fatali- ties. ii. Mechanical failure: Many train accidents are caused by mechanical failures. These failures include broken warning lights. iii. Human error: People make mistakes, unfortunately in rail road industry, the effects of a mistake can be devastating. Some causes for accidents, related to human error, include improperly loaded cargoes. iv. Weather: Weather can cause more than derailment. It can also limit the engineers and conductors ability to do their jobs due to inadequate sight of the tracks ahead. v. Other causes: Sometimes a train accident can be due to lines being switched improperly on excessive speed. Rare accidents caused by negligence or improper behaviour on the part of rail road employee. Including operators allowing themselves to be distracted for impaired while on duty. Miscommunication about rails and status of the tracks also lead to accidents. Q4. Explain how a natural hazard becomes a disaster? [Refer to TB page 285 Q1] A. A natural hazard turns into a disaster when a lot of people get trapped in it and sadly loose their life to a hazard. A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event which has a negative effect on human. This negative effect is what we call a natural disaster. Reading the Text, Understanding and Interpretation Q1. Read the para under the title ‘Fire’ of page 281 and comment on it. [Refer to TB page 285 Q10] A. Fire is a phenomenon of combustion manifested in intense heat and light in the form of a glow and flames. In the year 2004,in Kumbakonam in Tamilnadu, 93 innocent people were charred to death which pit a big question mark on the safety of schools resulting from human errors. Much arguments and debates ensued on the infrastructural faults like kitchen being closed to classrooms, However, there are some precautions which need to be taken if one is caught in such a mishap They are: SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 193

CHAPTER 23- DISASTER MANAGEMENT i. Raise an alarm if you see smoke, and escape from the building as soon as possible. ii. Use staircase and not lift. iii. Get a phone and dial 101 for the fire brigade. iv. Keep the corridors free for the easy movement of other people. v. If smoke is too much, crawl on the floor as it would be cleaner there since hot air rises up. vi. Close the door as close doors try to slow the spread of fire. vii. If not able to find staircase, try to go into a room, and close door to slow the spread of smoke . Open the window and cry out for help. viii. Turn off all electrical appliances, better to switch off the mains. ix. Worn out cables must be replaced or taped and switch boards should be above the reach of children in class rooms or at home too. x. Don’t ever go back into the building for anything or pet or toys. These can be rescued for you by fire–fighters. xi. One should never hide in a cupboard or under a bed . The cables should never be put under Carpet which has often been done in Administration department of school. If above of these are followed, casualties can be less nevertheless, all precautions must be taken beforehand as it is always better to be safe than sorry. Reflection on Contemporary Issues and Questioning Q1. List out the reasons and risk inducing factors in your home, school or village? [Refer to TB page 285 Q7] A. Students activity. Appreciation and Sensitivity Q1. Write about an incident related disaster you know. [Refer to TB page 285 Q9] A. Student’s Response SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 194

CHAPTER 23- DISASTER MANAGEMENT 1.4 Key Concepts i. Natural hazards are not always natural. If we take care of them, many such disasters can be averted. ii. The disasters that are caused because of human negligence or deliberately by an individual or a group can be termed as Human–made. iii. These disasters cost the most in terms of human suffering, loss of life and in long term to a country’s economy and productive capacity. iv. Road, rail and air accidents are some of the disasters that one faces every day. v. In the year 2000, more than 3 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was lost in accidents. vi. Road safety education is as essential as any other basic skills of survival. vii. The Road Safety Week is observed in January, every year throughout the country. viii. The theme of the Road Safety Week in 2006 was ‘Road Safety and no Accident’. ix. Railway transportation appeared at earlier times to be safe due to slower speeds, short and lower density traffic. x. With the largest network in the world, the number of railway accidents has increased. xi. The most common type of rail accidents are derailment which takes place due to lack of maintenance, human error or sabotage. xii. Fire is a phenomenon of combustion manifested in intense heat and light in the form of flames. xiii. Heat, fuel, and oxygen are the three ingredients which cause a fire. xiv. The 2004 fire in a school in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu 93 innocent lives were charred to death. SESSION 1. HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS - ACCIDENT RELATED DISA... 195

SESSION 2 THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 2.1 Mind Map 2.2 Terminology 1. Terrorism: The use of violence to achieve a political goal. SESSION 2. THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 196

CHAPTER 23- DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2.3 Improve Your Learning Conceptual Understanding Q1. What is Terrorism? What are the motives of terrorists? [Refer to TB page 285 Q2] A. The use of violence to achieve a political goal is known as terrorism. Motives: The motive of terrorism is to take revenge against the country and frighten them to make them aware about the injustice done to them. i. To raise the awareness of injustice and to act as rallying points for people who feel they are abused. ii. Terrorism triggers fear and fear shows signs of weakness. This weakness gives in to de- mands and the wants of the terrorist at will. iii. Opposition to religious conversions and interference to religious beliefs in the name of modernity. iv. Terrorist get the satisfaction like that of freedom fighters. The intention of terrorist are quite different depending on what they hope to accomplish. Many times the terrorist are more concerned with getting attention for their cause. Q2. Terrorist attacks cause loss of life and death. What are the precautions to be taken to prevent these activities? [Refer to TB page 285 Q5] A. In case terror strikers in your area you need to do the following. i. Remain calm and relaxed and be patient. ii. Follow the advice of local emergency officials. iii. Listen to the radio or television for news and instructions. iv. Check on your neighbours especially those who are elderly or disabled. v. Do not use the telephone again and again unless it is a life threatening emergency. vi. Give first aid to injured people. If we do all these things we can protect our lives till we get help. SESSION 2. THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 197

CHAPTER 23- DISASTER MANAGEMENT Mapping Skills Q1. Locate the following places attacked by terrorists in the India map. [Refer to TB page 285 Q8] a) Mumbai b) Hyderabad c) Bhagalpur d) Kumbakonam e) Bangalore A. SESSION 2. THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 198