202110540-SUMMIT-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-ENGLISH_G&C-G05-PART2

Remember Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns and phrases to the other words in a sentence. They show the position and give information about time, place and direction. Let us learn a few new prepositions. Towards shows movement in the direction of a place or getting closer to someone or something. On hearing a knock, she Mira and Varun turned their The boy and girl are walking walked towards the door. faces towards the camera. towards the beach. Through means 'from one end or side of something to the other'. It also denotes 'from the start to the end'. The Thames river flows The boy cried through the Mita studied through the through London. movie. night. NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 51 Module 10 47 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

Across means 'from one side of something to the other'. I can see the police station They travelled across the He sailed across the sea. that is across the street. desert. Exercise 4.1: Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions from the brackets. One is done for you. 1) The bread is kept with (with/from) the cheese and the milk. 2) She gets nervous ___________________________ (to/among) strangers. 3) I will be walking ___________________________ (among/from) home to my school by myself. 4) The bridge runs ___________________________ (across/through) the river. 5) The aeroplane flew ___________________________ (below/over) the building. 6) What have you put ___________________________ (in/over) the tea? Exercise 4.2: Complete the paragraph by using appropriate prepositions from the box. One is done for you. in    towards    to    around    at    across I went to the beach last Saturday. There were many people __________________________________ the beach. I like visiting the beach. I collect the colourful shells that lie all __________________________________ me there. 48 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 52

On Saturday, I walked __________________________________ the waves gleefully and dipped my feet __________________________________ the water. My friend Tarun was on the beach as well. He waved to me from __________________________________ the sand. Exercise 4.3: Use the picture to form sentences with the prepositions given below it. One is done for you. 1) on – There are cushions on the sofa. –   2) towards  –  3) above  –    4) behind English_NCERT_G5_WB_L10_New_Part2.indd 49 Module 10 49 03/27/2019 15:22:25

5) between –    6) next to –    Writing Formal Writing Explanatory paragraph writing Exercise 5: Imagine that you are chosen to be the chief minister of your state for one week. You now have the power to make all kinds of changes, and you have the entire state under your direction and command. Explain how you would spend that one week of being chief minister. Use the hints given below to help you write. Hints: • W hat laws would you pass to improve the lives of the people in your state? • W hat would be the most challenging tasks for you as the chief minister? • What steps would you take to solve these challenges? • How will you ensure that your time is spent well? • What part of being the chief minister would you enjoy the most?  6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM 50 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 54

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Creative Writing Picture-based composition Exercise 6: Look at the picture and explain what is happening in it. Address all the questions given in the hints. Hints: • What are the people watching? • How is it different from watching a movie in a cinema hall? • Who is performing in the picture? • What kind of performance is it? • D o you think it is more challenging to act in front of a live audience or to act in a movie? Explain your answer. • Why is it important to have such forms of entertainment? • Are these art forms also informative? How? 52 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 56

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R5 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. In the evening, the priest kept a light behind the curtain and stood there with his puppet. When he carefully moved the puppet behind the curtain, it cast a dancing shadow on the curtain that was clearly visible to the emperor on the other side. As the emperor sat in front of the curtain and watched the dancing shadow, he listened to the stories narrated by the priest. The stories were about the queen. They were simply magnificent and brought back many of the emperor’s wonderful memories. The emperor clapped his hands with joy and said, ‘I would like to watch the puppet show every evening. I am delighted.’ Every day, the emperor attended court, talked to his ministers and courtiers and then watched the puppet show in the evening. He started taking great interest in his people. He built schools and hospitals in the name of the departed queen. He would also play with the children he visited in his schools. He felt very happy when crowds of people gathered around him and praised him wherever he went. They would cheerfully shout, ‘Hail the Emperor! Hail the mighty one!’ The priest told him one day, ‘Your Majesty, joys and sorrows are part of life. Whenever a person faces sorrow, they should always think of the good things and happy moments in life. These memories act as a source of joy that drives away all the sadness and cheers one up. They teach us to live happily and do good deeds to make others happy while remembering those who are no longer with us.’ The emperor smiled and nodded. ‘I thank you for guiding me with such wise words’, he said. 54 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 58

1) What stories did the priest narrate in the puppet show? Ans.   2) What did the emperor do before watching the puppet show every evening? Ans.   3) Write the adverb forms of the given words from the passage. a) simple –   b) clear –   c) careful –   4) The word from the passage whose homonym means ‘pellets of frozen rain’ is  . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) emperor a) dead 2) magnificent b) the king of a large kingdom 3) departed c) very impressive Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. The Tyrannosaurus Rex (T-Rex) lived in Laramidia, which is present-day western North America. It lived in the Upper Cretaceous Period, between 85–66 million years ago. The T-Rex was among the last non-flying dinosaurs. One of the largest land predators ever known, the T-Rex was nearly 40-feet long and 13-feet wide at the hips. It weighed four to seven tons! Scientists know from studying its fossils that the T-Rex had an enormous skull and a long, massive tail to support its weight. Despite its arms being relatively small, they were powerful, Reading Comprehension 55 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 59 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

with two clawed digits (like fingers) at the end. The hind legs of the dinosaur were extensive and mighty. The T-Rex possessed the most ferocious bite of any land animal on Earth. Its jaw was at least four-feet thick and contained 50–60 teeth, many of which were up to nine inches long. Its strong teeth could remove flesh from its prey and cut it in its mouth. 500 pounds of flesh and bone in one bite! Also, there were rotting bacteria between its teeth, giving it a ‘septic’ bite. If it wounded but failed to kill its prey, they would die of fatal infections anyway! In 1990, Sue Hendrickson, a famous fossil hunter, discovered the most complete fossil of a T-Rex skeleton ever found (85% complete). Eventually, it was sold to the Field Museum of Natural History for a whopping eight million dollars. The museum spent over 25,000 person- hours in removing rock from the bones. 1) What were the arms of the T-Rex like? Ans. 2) What did Sue Hendrickson do with the fossil of the T-Rex that she had found? Ans. 3) Find the plural forms of the given words from the passage. a) dinosaur –  b) inch –  c) tooth –  4) The meaning of the word ‘fatal’ is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) present-day a) very large 2) septic b) in the current period of time 3) whopping c) infected with bacteria 56 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 60 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

Module 11 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Listening Audio Listen and answer Vocabulary Idioms Grammar Conjunctions Formal Writing Informal letter writing Creative Writing Autobiography writing NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 61 57 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) What is it that fills people with awe? [    ] a) some natural and man-made structures on the Moon b) some natural and man-made structures on the Earth c) only the man-made structures on the Moon d) only the natural structures on the Earth 2) Who compiled the list of the new Seven Wonders of the World? [    ] a) The United Nations b) The New Wonders Society c) The New Seven Wonders Foundation d) The Seven Wonders Foundation 3) Which is the only surviving wonder of the ancient world? [    ] a) the Great Wall of China b) Machu Pichu c) the Taj Mahal d) the Great Pyramids of Giza 4) Which of the following is a modern wonder that has been newly elected? [    ] a) Chichen Itza b) Qutub Minar c) Sydney Opera House d) Eiffel Tower 5) Which emperor ordered the Taj Mahal to be built? [    ] a) Humayun b) Akbar c) Aurangzeb d) Shah Jahan 58 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 62 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

RP Vocabulary Q Idioms Idioms are combinations of words that have different meanings than the literal meanings of the actual words. Example: Sameera got cold feet before her stage performance. Here, the phrase ‘cold feet’ does not mean that her feet actually became cold. It means that Sameera became nervous or scared before her stage performance. Exercise 3.1: Choose the correct idiom from the table that matches each description. One is done for you. icing on the cake to cry over spilt milk once in a blue moon don’t judge a book by its cover cost an arm and a leg every cloud has a silver lining 1) to complain about what is already lost Ans. to cry over spilt milk 2) bad times followed by good times Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) something that happens very rarely Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Module 11 59 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 63 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

4) something great added to something good Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5) to not judge by appearances Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6) something that is very expensive Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 3.2: Make sentences of your own with the given idioms. One is done for you. 1) down to earth Ans.  Ajay is extremely talented, but also very down to earth. 2) under the weather Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3) early bird Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4) piece of cake Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5) learn by heart Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 60 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 64 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

6) raining cats and dogs Ans. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Grammar Conjunctions There are three types of conjunctions. Conjunctions Coordinating Correlative Subordinating conjunctions conjunctions conjunctions Remember ► Y ou have learnt that conjunctions are words that join words or parts of sentences together. ► Coordinating conjunctions connect two or more parts of speech in a sentence. They also connect two similar parts of a sentence. The coordinating conjunctions are as follows: ► C orrelative conjunctions work in pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence. The correlative conjunctions you have learnt are ‘neither... nor’, ‘either... or’ and ‘not only... but also’. Module 11 61 English_NCERT_G5_WB_L11_New_Part2.indd 61 03/27/2019 15:28:36

Let us learn about the third type of conjunction: subordinating conjunctions. Subordinating conjunctions These are words that connect two parts of a sentence that are not of equal importance. Some commonly used subordinating conjunctions are ‘when’, ‘because’, ‘until’, ‘than’, ‘while’, ‘though’, ‘after’, ‘before’, ‘if’, ‘as’ and ‘since’. Let us learn how to use two of them. Because joins two unequal parts where one part talks about a reason for an action. Example: • The boy was absent because he was ill. (The reason for the boy’s absence was illness.) More examples: • She didn’t swim • We want to go to Ooty in the because she was summer because the weather afraid of water. will be pleasant then. Until means ‘up to a point in time or an event’. It joins two ideas or events. Example: • Let’s wait until the rain stops. (The speakers have decided to wait up to the point when it stops raining.) More examples: • You can stay on this bus until you • You will not go reach Ajmer. out until you’ve finished this exercise. 62 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 66 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

Exercise 4.1: Join the sentences using ‘because’ or ‘until’. One is done for you. 1) I dislike Mondays because I have to get up early on Monday. 2) The girl cried ______________________ her father calmed her down. 3) The policeman drove ______________________ he reached the police station. 4) My dog got scared ______________________ somebody threw a stone at him. 5) We won’t rest ______________________ the work is done. 6) I like this class ______________________ it is very interesting. Exercise 4.2: Look at the pictures and join them using the given subordinating conjunctions. One is done for you. 1) + + because   flower Shafiq smiled Ans. Shafiq smiled because he saw a flower. 2) + + because   hungry Ans. NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 67 Module 11 63 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

3) + + until the alarm rang Ans. 4) +   + until she will wait doctor arrives Ans. May5) + + until Reema will stay in Panjim May Ans. 6) + + because happy dog Ans. 64 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 68

Exercise 4.3: Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions from the box. One is done for you. either... or because    and   1) Sheela took medicine because she had a cold. 2) J immy will support ____________________________ Spain ____________________________ Brazil in the football world cup. He has not made up his mind about which team he will support. 3) The power went off, ____________________________ I lit a candle. 4) Ali will continue working here ____________________________ he gets a better job. 5) M y mother is ____________________________ smart ____________________________ hard working. She is very talented. 6) Marie Curie won Nobel prizes in both Physics ____________________________ Chemistry. Writing Formal Writing Informal letter writing Exercise 5: Imagine that you just created a robot! Write a letter to your friend about the robot you made by using the hints given below. Hints: • How did you get the idea of creating a robot? • Describe its physical appearance. • Write about its special features and abilities. • Mention the things that you like most about it. • How does creating a working robot feel? Module 11 65 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 69 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

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Creative Writing Autobiography writing An autobiography is an account written in the first person. It is the story of a person’s life. It can also be an imaginary object’s life story. Read a few interesting quotes from former president APJ Abdul Kalam’s autobiography, Wings of Fire. ‘The sides of the mountain ‘We are all born with a sustain life, not the peak. divine fire in us. Our efforts This is where things grow, should be to give wings to experience is gained and this fire and fill the world with technologies are mastered. the glow of its goodness.’ The importance of the peak – APJ Abdul Kalam, Wings of lies only in the fact that it defines the sides.’ Fire – A PJ Abdul Kalam, Wings of Module 11 Fire 67 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 71 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM

Exercise 6: Imagine that you are a person who lives underwater. In the space provided, write the story of your life. Hints: •  What is your name? •  What kind of creature are you? •  How do you spend your time? •  What do you eat? •  Do you live alone or in a society?  68 6/30/2018 12:02:30 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 72

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Module 12 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Listening Audio Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Antonyms Direct and indirect speech Formal Writing Interjections Creative Writing Paragraph writing Reading Comprehension Write a poem Passage 1 Passage 2 70 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 74

Dictation Exercise 1: Sentence dictation 1) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5) ______________________________________________________________________________________ Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) What was Marie Curie interested in from an early age? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) In which field did Marie Curie conduct experiments? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Whom did Marie Curie share her first Nobel Prize with? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What title was Marie Curie awarded? Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Module 12 71 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 75 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

5) Describe any three of Marie Curie’s achievements. Ans. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ PR Vocabulary Q Antonyms An antonym of a word is another word that has an opposite or completely different meaning. Examples: departure arrival insult compliment 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM 72 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 76

Exercise 3.1: Match the words in Column A with their antonyms in Column B. Column A Column B 1) destroy a) loss 2) vertical b) timid 3) strength c) alive 4) dead d) weakness 5) profit e) horizontal 6) bold f) create Exercise 3.2: Rewrite the sentences by replacing the underlined words with suitable antonyms. One is done for you. 1) Faiz is better than Mohit at sports. Ans. Faiz is worse than Mohit at sports. 2) The lake near the mountains is unique. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3) My question was published in the newspaper. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4) The yoga instructor is present today. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 5) I never go to bed on time. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Module 12 73 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 77 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

6) The soldier reached the check post at dawn. Ans. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Grammar Sentences Let us revise the types of sentences we have learnt earlier. Declarative sentences Imperative sentences They are used to state information. They are These sentences give commands or statements and end with a full stop (.). make requests. Imperative sentences end with a full stop (.) or an exclamation mark (!). Interrogative sentences Exclamatory sentences These sentences ask questions and end These sentences show excitement with a question mark (?). or strong feelings. They end with an exclamation mark (!). Direct and indirect speech Your friend, Mira, tells you in school, ‘I am going to a play’. You come home and tell your mother what your friend told you. There are two ways in which you can tell your mother about this conversation. Mira said, ‘I am going to a play’. (direct speech) You repeated Mira’s words in exactly the way she said them. To show her exact words in writing, they are put in quotation marks: ‘…’ 74 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 78 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Mira said that she was going to a play. (indirect speech) Since Mira had spoken the words earlier, the tense and the pronoun change accordingly. (‘I am going’ changes to ‘she was going’.) The words spoken by Mira are not put in quotation marks for indirect speech. Remember We use indirect speech or reported speech when we tell or report something that someone said. Here are a few examples: He said that they were We are going on a picnic. going on a picnic. I work at a hospital. She said that she worked at a hospital. NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 79 Module 12 75 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Rules of indirect speech a) Reported speech is not enclosed in quotation marks. b) The word ‘that’ is used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and the reported speech. Example:  Adil said that he felt ill. reporting verb reported speech Rules of indirect speech c) The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of the reporting verb or object (person). Look at the examples given on the previous page. ‘We’ has changed to ‘they’ and ‘I’ to ‘she’. Sometimes, the pronoun may not change at all. d) When the sentence within quotation marks is in the simple present tense, it changes to the simple past tense. Similarly, when the sentence within quotation marks is in the present continuous tense, it changes to the past continuous tense. Example:  She said, ‘I am going to Nagaland.’ S he said that she was going to Nagaland. Exercise 4.1: Indicate whether the following sentences are in direct or indirect speech. One is done for you. 1) Veda told Marie that she was going to a movie with her parents. Ans. indirect speech 2) ‘Can I come with you?’ Marie asked Veda. Ans.  76 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 80 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

3) ‘Certainly, Marie! We’ll have a great time’, Veda answered happily. Ans.  4) Marie paused and then said that she would ask her parents first. Ans.  5) Veda replied that she would wait for her call. Ans.  6) ‘I’ll call you as soon as I get their permission’, Marie promised her friend. Ans.  Exercise 4.2: Convert the following sentences into direct or indirect speech. One is done for you. 1) He said, ‘Suresh needs a new uniform.’ Ans. He said that Suresh needed a new uniform. 2) The teacher said that Madhu was working sincerely. Ans.   3) Raghav said that the baby was crying. Ans.   4) They said that they were enjoying the weather. Ans.   5) They said, ‘We love our country.’ Ans.   Module 12 77 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 81 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

6) She said, ‘I am going out.’ Ans.   Interjections What is common among the following sentences? Ugh! This drink is very Wow! The fireworks Hurray! We won the Well, I don't know sour. are amazing. quiz. whether I support that. Each of these sentences begins with a word that shows a strong and sudden feeling or emotion. These words are known as interjections. Remember ► A comma or an exclamation mark is used to separate an interjection from the rest of the sentence. ► U se an exclamation mark at the end of interjections that show very strong emotions. Capitalise the first letter of the word after the exclamation sign, since it is a new sentence. Example: Ouch! That hurt. ► Use a comma after a mild interjection. Example: Sure, we will do it. 78 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 82

Let us learn some common interjections. Interjections Usage Examples to get someone’s attention or to hey show surprise Hey! What are you doing here? used to express sadness alas Alas! We’ve lost the match. shh used to tell someone to be quiet Shh! The meeting is going on. hush Hush! I can hear someone coming. eeks used to show fear Eeks! These spiders are scary. yahoo Yahoo! We’re going on a holiday. hurray used to express joy Hurray! The class is over. yum Yum! This cake melts in the mouth. sure used to show that something is Sure, I’ll come to your party. OK delicious OK, we’ll go together. oops Oops! I dropped the sandwich. yuck used for agreement Yuck! His shoes stink. ugh Ugh! This is dirty. ouch used when you do something by Ouch! These shoes are too tight. wow mistake Wow! That’s really good news. used to show dislike or disgust used to express hurt used to express delight Exercise 4.3: Make meaningful sentences using the given interjections. One is done for you. 1) Hurray! We have won the match. 2) Wow!  3) Ouch!  4) Oops!  5) Eeks!  6) Hey!  Module 12 79 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 83 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Writing Formal Writing Narrative paragraph writing Exercise 5: There are many celebrations in school. One such celebration is the Annual Day. Write a paragraph narrating a fun-filled Annual Day. Hints: • When was the Annual Day celebration? • Where was it held? • W as there something special about this day? • What did you or your class do on that day? • How were you feeling? • How was the event? • W hat will you always remember about this day?  80 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 84

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Creative Writing Write a poem Poems are fun to read. They have rhythm, and they flow more easily than prose or stories. Some people find it easy to write poetry. However, it is challenging for others. Read the following tips to help you write poetry. • What are you writing about? Be clear about the theme and purpose. • Pick a topic for your poem. • C hoose the kind of pattern you want your poem to follow. Decide if you want your poem to have rhyming couplets (two lines that end with rhyming words) or whether you want it to be in free verse (not follow any rhyme scheme). • Try to paint a picture in the reader’s mind. Use words that appeal to the senses and help readers ‘feel’ your poem. • U se poetic devices. Similes and metaphors are the common poetic devices or figures of speech. • Figures of speech help beautify a poem and add effect to it. • A simile is a figure of speech that is used for direct comparison between two things. We usually use the words ‘like’ or ‘as’ to compare things using this figure of speech. Example: She is as red as a rose. • A metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to compare two things that are not alike but do have something in common. Example: He was a lion in the battle. Exercise 6: Write a poem about your favourite season. Use the tips above and the hints below to write your poem. Hints: • M ake a list of all the things you want to write about your favourite season. • Try to use rhyming words and figures of speech. • Read your poem a few times to check if you can improve it. 82 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 86 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

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R6 Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Read the poem and answer the questions given below. A bird came down the walk, He did not know I saw. He bit an Angleworm in halves, And ate the fellow, raw. And then he drank a dew, From a convenient grass. And then hopped sidewise to the wall, To let a beetle pass. He glanced with rapid eyes, That hurried all around. They looked like frightened beads, I thought, He stirred his velvet head. Like one in danger, cautious, I offered him a crumb. And he unrolled his feathers, And rowed him softer home. Than oars divide the ocean, – Emily Dickinson Too silver for a seam. Or butterflies, off banks of noon, Leap, plash-less as they swim. 1) Why did the bird hop sidewise to the wall? Ans.   84 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 88 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

2) What does the poet compare the eyes of the bird to? Ans. 3) Underline the adjectives in the following phrases or sentences. a) He stirred his velvet head b) From a convenient grass c) Too silver for a seam 4) The meaning of ‘stirred’ in the passage is . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) dew a) very careful 2) cautious b) tools used to row a boat 3) oars c) tiny drops of water Passage 2 Read the passage and answer the questions given below. Edward Lear was an illustrator, landscape painter, author and poet. Lear is still remembered for his ‘nonsense poetry’ for children, known as ‘limericks’ today. Before Lear’s writings, most literature for children was filled with ‘common sense’ instruction. For this reason, Edward Lear has become a truly evergreen author, fondly nicknamed as the ‘Father of Limericks’. Children were raised very strictly in the Victorian times, and their education excluded humour or laughter. So, imagine the sheer delight that the children must have felt upon Reading Comprehension 85 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 89 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

reading Lear’s works, in which the most ridiculous and absurd situations were presented as rhymes! His rhymes were truly a much-needed source of entertainment and escape from the repressive Victorian society. Despite being born and raised in England, Lear travelled abroad for most of his adult life. During his travels, he loved to draw animals and landscapes. He especially liked birds. Lear adored his friends and his dear cat named Sanreno. He eventually built the house of his dreams in Italy, where he passed away at the age of 75 in 1888. 1) What kind of children’s literature was common before the writings of Lear? Ans.   2) What did Lear love to do during his travels? Ans.   3) Write the types of the following sentences. a) Lear travelled abroad for most of his adult life. Ans.  b) How were children raised during the Victorian times? Ans.  c) Wow! This is an excellent limerick. Ans.  4)  The word from the passage that rhymes with the word ‘tense’ is   . 5) Match the words with their correct meanings. Column A Column B 1) illustrator a) strict and harsh 2) evergreen   b) a person who draws pictures for publications 3) repressive   c) forever remembered 86 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 90 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Module 13 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Listening Audio Listen and answer Vocabulary Commonly confused words Grammar Apostrophe Formal Writing E-mail writing with hints Creative Writing Speech writing NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 91 87 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Dictation 3) 6) Exercise 1: Word dictation 9) 1) 2) 4) 5) 7) 8) Listening Audio Exercise 2: Listen to the audio and answer the questions. 1) What was the name of the boy who did not like ice cream? [    ] a) Roger b) Logan c) Lalit d) Steve 2) Why did the boy dislike ice cream? [    ] a) He did not like its taste. b) He thought it would make him sick. c) He thought it was too cold. d) His mother told him to dislike it. 3) Who was the ice cream connoisseur? [    ] a) Top Top b) Dad Dad c) Maw Maw d) Pop Pop 4) What did the boy have a tiny bite of? [    ] a) homemade strawberry cream b) homemade bread c) homemade vanilla cream d) homemade cake 5) What does the poem teach you? [    ] a) to eat a lot of ice cream b) to never try new things c) to never eat ice cream d) to try new things more than once 88 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 92 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

PR Vocabulary Q Commonly confused words There are a few words in the English language that can be easily confused to carry the same meaning as another similar word. However, using one of the words in place of the other may lead to a mistake. Let us look at a few examples of commonly confused words. Using ‘for’ and ‘since’ ‘For’ tells us about the duration of something. We use it to show a period of time (three hours, few days, two weeks, five months, many years and so on). Examples: • Mary has been here for a long time. • I lived in Goa for a few years. • I have been exercising for two hours. ‘Since’ is used to indicate when something began. We use it for a point in time (last week, January, 1972, Wednesday and so on). Examples: • My brother has lived here since he was born. • She has not been to Mumbai since 1998. • It has been two years since I met her. For vs. since for – to mention a specific period or since – to mention the starting point of a duration of time period of time (continues till now) I have been a doctor for fifteen years. I have been a doctor since 1992. She has not been home for two years. It has been two years since she went home. My sister has lived in London for nine months. My sister has lived in London since May. Module 13 89 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 93 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Exercise 3.1: Fill in the blanks with either ‘for’ or ‘since’. 1) I have not had milk ________________________ this morning! 2) Ria made chapatis ________________________ four hours. 3) They have been working ________________________ 10 a.m. today. 4) It has been three years ____________________ he went to an amusement park. 5) Kriti worked on her sketch ________________________ seven hours. 6) Ronnie has been waiting at the bus stop ____________________ two hours. Using ‘few’ and ‘a few’ + ‘little’ and ‘a little’ ‘Few’ and ‘little’ indicate that there is ‘not as much as may be expected or wanted’. ‘Few’ is used with plural countable nouns, whereas ‘little’ is used with uncountable nouns. Examples: • Few states in India are as beautiful as Meghalaya. • I have little choice in this matter. ‘A few’ and ‘a little’ suggest that there is a small number of a thing available. ‘A few’ is used with plural countable nouns, whereas ‘a little’ is used with uncountable nouns. Examples: • I have a few friends in Jaipur. • I will have tea and a little rice every morning. Exercise 3.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the brackets. One is done for you. 1) We know little about his life. Most of it is a mystery. (a few/little) 2) I want ____________________ bit of sugar to add to my hot chocolate. (a little/a few) 3) I have _____________ fruits left in the fruit basket. I don’t need to buy more. (a few/few) 90 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 94 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

4) There are _________________ puppies running around. They are a merry sight. (a little/a few) 5) Lonny has ______________ friends as she does not like mixing with others. (little/few) 6) _______________ people are as generous as Kanak. He has a very kind heart. (Few/Little) Grammar Apostrophe A contraction is made by combining two words to make a single word. This makes saying these words easier. We make a contraction using the apostrophe. Example: aren't Let us read some more examples of contractions. Contractions with ‘is’, ‘am’ and ‘are’ she is = she’s he is = he’s why is = why’s how is = how’s I am = I’m = we’re they are = they’re you are = you’re we are Contractions formed with the words ‘will’, ‘has’, ‘had’ and ‘have’ I will = I’ll she will = she’ll he will = he’ll it will = it’ll they will = they’ll he has = he’s we have = we’ve they had = they’d Contractions with the word ‘not’ is not = isn’t are not = aren’t has not = hasn’t have not = haven’t was not = wasn’t will not = won’t were not = weren’t do not = don’t does not = doesn’t did not = didn’t cannot = can’t could not = couldn’t NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 95 Module 13 91 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Apostrophe for possession The apostrophe is also used to show belonging or possession (that something belongs to someone). We use the apostrophe with the letter ‘s’ to show possession. Examples: •  The childs ball. incorrect •  The child’s ball. correct The apostrophe has been used to show that the ball belongs to the child. There are four main rules for adding apostrophes for possession. Let’s understand them. Rule 1 : If the noun is singular, add the apostrophe + ‘s’. Example : the cap of the bottle = the bottle’s cap Rule 2 : If the noun is plural, add the apostrophe + ‘s’. Example : writings of women = women’s writing Rule 3 : If the noun is singular and ends in ‘-s’, still add the apostrophe + ‘s’. Example : the wheel of the bus = the bus’s wheel Rule 4 : If the noun is plural and ends in ‘-s’, add just an apostrophe. Example : team of boys = boys’ team Look at the table below for more examples. singular nouns •  The cow’s horns were sharp. plural nouns •  Give me Raman’s address. singular nouns ending in ‘-s’ plural nouns ending in ‘-s’ •  These are men’s clothing. •  Are these children’s books? •  That bus’s wheels were changed. •  This is my boss’s cabin. •  These are the pens’ lids. •  Did you study at a girls’ school? 92 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 96 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Apostrophe with possessive pronouns Sometimes, we may get confused between contractions and possessive pronouns. Remember that possessive pronouns do not need apostrophes. Examples: Possessive pronouns Correct usage Incorrect usage Correct usage Incorrect usage  yours  your’s  theirs  their’s  hers  her’s  mine  mine’s  its  it’s  ours  ours’ or our’s Look at the table below to understand some common apostrophe mistakes. Expanded form   could not couldn’t could n’t does not doesn’t does’nt cannot can’t cann’t they are they’re theyr’e Difference between plurals, possessives and contractions Remember ► The plural form of a word shows that there is ‘more than one’ of something. Example: •  The candies were tasty. ► A possessive noun or pronoun says ‘who or what owns or has something’. Example: •  The candy’s wrapper is on the floor. ► Contractions are words made by combining two words and leaving out one or more letters. The apostrophe takes the place of the removed letters. Example: •  Weren’t you given any candy? NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 97 Module 13 93 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Exercise 4.1: Read the given sentences and replace the underlined words with contractions. One is done for you. 1) There is nobody in the room. Ans. There’s nobody in the room. 2) It is a brand new car. Ans.   3) Ronny will not come to school today. Ans.   4) I should not eat junk food. Ans.   5) Nisha could have reached the station on time. Ans.   6) He is sure about the answer. Ans.  Exercise 4.2: Rewrite the sentences by adding or correcting the usage of the apostrophe wherever necessary. One is done for you. 1) I dont want to go to school today. Ans. I don’t want to go to school today. 2) Ravi has’nt visited our house for weeks. Ans.   94 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 98 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

3) Kabirs’ library books’ cover was torn. Ans. 4) Theyre going to watch the circus tomorrow. Ans. 5) This garden is their’s. Ans. 6) We won the match, so the trophy is ours’. Ans. Exercise 4.3: Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the options given in brackets. One is done for you. Tojo is very nervous. It’s (Its/It’s) his first day  at school. His father is driving him to school. _________________________ (He’s/H’es) got a small,  blue scooter. Tojo’s _________________________  (friend’s/friends) also go to the same school. _________________________ (They’re/Their) waiting  for him at the school gate. Their classroom is on the third floor, but they are going to walk Tojo to his classroom first. Tojo’s oldest _________________________ (friends/friend’s) name is Ishaani, _________________________  (whose/who’s) in the fifth standard. She gives Tojo a big, welcoming smile as soon as she sees him. Module 13 95 NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 99 6/30/2018 12:02:31 PM

Writing Formal Writing E-mail writing with hints E-mail means ‘electronic mail’. It is a means of communicating with people over the internet. We write informal or friendly e-mails to our family members and friends to ask how they are, invite them over or to congratulate them. Official or formal e-mails are used to apply for leaves, inform people about something official or invite people to an event. Exercise 5: As the president of the Science club, write an e-mail to inform the members of the club about a meeting. The agenda of the meeting is to decide who can be invited to give a talk to the students of Classes 7 to 10 on the importance of science. Hints: • Write the e-mail addresses of the club members. • Write the subject of the e-mail to highlight its purpose. • Mention the venue and timing of the meeting. • Write about the agenda and its importance. • Greet and sign off as you have learnt earlier.  96 6/30/2018 12:02:32 PM NR_BGM_9789387888067_Summit G5 English Grammar Composition Part 2_Text.pdf 100