202110202-APEX-STUDENT-WORKBOOK-BIOLOGY-G08-PART2

Trypanosoma 2.6 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. Prepare a questionnaire to collect information from your local health worker about spreading of diseases. [Refer to TB page 190 Q7] A. In every village a health worker is appointed to look after the communicable diseases in that area and to take measures needed to prevent them. You can ask them questions. Students’ activity. Few questions have been provided as sample. i. How are communicable diseases spread? ii. Can we get infection by touching the effected person? iii. Are communicable diseases curable? iv. How can we prevent the spread of communicable diseases? SESSION 2. INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES 99

SESSION 3 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT 3.1 Mind Map 3.2 Terminology i. Immunization –is the process by which an individual’s immune system becomes for- tified against an agent (known as the immunogen). ii. Vector–borne infections –are illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations. iii. Diphtheria –is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. iv. Vaccination – is the administration of a vaccine to the body, to develop immunity to a pathogen. SESSION 3. PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT 100

3.3 Key Concepts i. Prevention of diseases is better than cure. ii. There are two ways to prevent the disease. One is general and one is specific. The general ways are preventing exposure to infectious microbes. iii. The specific way to prevent disease is by getting vaccinated against it. 3.4 Appreciation and Aesthetic Sense, Values Q1. Ramu was affected with smallpox. What advise you give to Ramu for not spreading the disease? [Refer to TB page 190 Q5] A. i. Since smallpox is a contagious disease, he must stop going to work/ school. ii. He should not come in contact with other people who have not had smallpox be- fore. iii. He should avoid using common items such as towels, combs, plates, etc. iv. He should take proper rest and nutritious food along with medication. Q2. How do you appreciate the role of vaccines in preventing disease? [Refer to TB page 190 Q6] A. i. Establishing acquired immunity through artificial methods against a specific dis- ease is called vaccination. ii. During this process live and attenuated or dead organisms are introduced into the human blood as antigens. iii. Antibodies that are formed in the blood not only eliminate the already existing antigens but also identify and immobilize the real pathogenic organisms, next time whenever they make a entry into the blood stream. iv. Thus they prevent the body from hazardous effects of pathogenic organisms. The person is well protected against that specified disease as long as the antibodies exist in the blood.Thus vaccination has a significant role in human existence. SESSION 3. PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT 101

—— CCE Based Practice Questions —— AS1-Conceptual Understanding Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. State true or false. [Refer to Session 11.1 ] (i) Social equality and harmony are necessary for individual health. [ ] (ii) Good health for a musician may mean having enough breathing capacity in his/her lungs to control the notes from his/her flute. [] (iii) Musculo skeletal system is only made up of muscles. [] (iv) Public cleanliness is very important for individual health. [] (v) All diseases have only single causes. [] 2. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 11.1 ] (vi) List few symptoms which indicate that a person is suffering from a disease. 3. Fill in the blanks. [Refer to Session 11.1 ] (vii) and are needed for individual health. (viii) literally means being uncomfortable. (ix) Body signs and symptoms will give more definite indications of the presence ofa . CHAPTER 11. WHY DO WE FALL ILL? 102

(x) is a state of physical, mental and social well–being. (xi) Tuberculosis is an example for disease. 4. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 11.2 ] (xii) Give two example of diseases caused by viruses. (xiii) What do you mean by infectious disease? Short Answer Type Questions 5. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.1)] Define good health. State few conditions that are essential for good health. 6. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.2)] How does an antibiotic destroy a bacterium? Long Answer Type Questions 7. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.1)] Differentiate between acute and chronic disease. AS2-Asking questions and making hypothesis Short Answer Type Questions 8. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.3)] You want to know more about the prevention of diseases. Prepare a list of question to ask your teacher. AS3-Experimentation and field investigation Short Answer Type Questions 9. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.3)] Ramu lives in slum area where spread of dengue is epidemic. In- vestigate any such area in your neighbourhood and find out the preventive measures taken by Municipal Corporation to control spread of diseases. Long Answer Type Questions 10. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.1)] Devise an experiment of solid waste management generated in your locality? CHAPTER 11. WHY DO WE FALL ILL? 103

AS4-Information skills and projects Long Answer Type Questions 11. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.3)] Visit a nearby health care centre and collect information on immuni- sation techniques in relation with prevention of diseases. AS5-Communication through drawing and model making Very Short Answer Type Questions 12. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 11.2 ] (i) Identify the below given organism. Long Answer Type Questions 13. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.2)] Diseases transmit through various modes. Sketch to show the com- mon methods of transmission of disease through from one person to other. AS6-Appreciation and aesthetic sense, Values Very Short Answer Type Questions 14. Answer the following questions in one sentence. [Refer to Session 11.3 ] (i) Under polio eradication programme, vaccines are given to the children of age upto 5 years. Why should vaccines be given at such young age? Short Answer Type Questions 15. Answer the following questions in 3-4 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.3)] Your friend Sujatha is scared of vaccination for rabies virus and argues that she would go for it only if a dog bites her accidently. As a friend, explain to her that “Prevention is better than cure”. CHAPTER 11. WHY DO WE FALL ILL? 104

AS7-Application to daily life, concern to bio diversity Long Answer Type Questions 16. Answer the following questions in 6-8 sentences. (i) [(Session 11.1)] Many people in rural communities are unaware of acute and chronic diseases. Conduct a seminar for them and list out these diseases, their causes and preventive measures, thereby creating awareness among them. (ii) [(Session 11.1)] List few measures to prevent diseases. Objective Questions AS1-Conceptual Understanding 17. Choose the correct answer. (i) We should drink (A) Polluted water (B) Contaminated water (C)Sea water (D)Boiled water (ii) Changes in organ functions leads to (A) disease (B) happiness (C)both A & B (D)none of the above (iii) Which of the following are symptoms? (A) Pus (B) Loose motion (C) Cough (D)All of the above (iv) For preventing mosquito bite, we should (A) use mosquito nets (B) wash hands before sleeping (C)leave water stagnated (D)all of the above CHAPTER 11. WHY DO WE FALL ILL? 105

(v) People should treat the disease (A) immediately after appearence of first symptom (B) before becoming chronic (C)after becoming chronic (D)all of the above (vi) Who discovered the bacteria Helicobacter pylori? (A) Leeuwenhoek (B) Louis Pasteur (C)Robin Warren (D)Alexander Fleming (vii) Sleeping sickness is caused by (A) SARS virus (B) Roundworm (C) Trypanosoma (D) Leishmania (viii) Trypanosoma, that causes sleeping sickness is a (A) bacteria (B) virus (C) worm (D) protozoan (ix) Penicillin is an antibiotic that (A) blocks the formation of bacterial cell wall (B) blocks the formation of viral cell wall (C)do not show any effect on human cells (D)both A & C (x) The concept of immunization was provided by (A) Leeuwenhoek (B) Robert Brown (C)Edward Jenner (D)Robin Warren CHAPTER 11. WHY DO WE FALL ILL? 106

(xi) Elephantiasis disease can have (A) short–term effect on our health (B) no effect on our health (C)long–term effect on our health (D)sometimes bad effect on our health (xii) BCG vaccine is used to develop immunity against which disease? (A) Jaundice (B) Polio (C)Swine flu (D) Tuberculosis (xiii) An organism which carries pathogens is termed as (A) Host (B) Vector (C) Parasite (D) Predator (xiv) The diseases which last for only very short period of time are called (A) Acute diseases (B) Chronic diseases (C)Epidemic diseases (D)Communicable diseases AS4-Information skills and projects 18. Choose the correct answer. (xv) Sort out a pair communicable disease from the below given diseases. Typhoid, Scurvey, Rickets, Cancer, Measels (A) Typhoid and Measels (B) Scurvy and Typhoid (C)Rickets and Measels (D)Cancer and Typhoid CHAPTER 11. WHY DO WE FALL ILL? 107

AS5-Communication through drawing and model making 19. Choose the correct answer. (xvi) Which of the following title suits the diagram given below. (A) Methods of disease prevention 108 (B) Methods of disease treatment (C)Methods of disease transmission (D)Methods of transmission of communicable disease CHAPTER 11. WHY DO WE FALL ILL?

PROJECT BASED QUESTIONS —— Project Based Questions —— (i) You are asked to give a seminar on “Biodiversity–Its importance and Conservation”. How would you prepare for the topic? What points would you include? Write a synop- sis about the topic. (ii) Visit a nearby village/rural area, to observe the agricultural practices. Observe the area and write a survey report on the agricultural practices they follow. The survey report should include the following: Area of land, soil quality, types of crops grown, procurement of seeds, fertilizers used, irrigation facilities, harvesting techniques, storage and preservation techniques. (iii) List as many abiotic and biotic factors in your ecosystem as you can in a table or chart. (Minimum of 5 for each category). (iv) Make a seminar report for “Humans have a large impact on the world”. Describe the impact humans have on your ecosystem. This may be negative or posi- tive. (v) Rekha delivered a healthy baby girl, but hesitates and is skeptical for any immuniza- tion or vaccines for the baby. She argues with the doctor, that why should she go for vaccines, when her baby is fine. As a friend suggest her, the importance of immu- nization. Explain her, the immunization schedule that is being given in the maternity / children’s hospital. Prepare/collect the chart for the same. Project Based Questions 109

Additional AS- Based Practice Questions Chapter 6: Biodiversity and its Conservation Q1. What are the materials required for making recycled newspaper? (AS3) Q2. Wild white tigers are in a zone of extinction. They are carnivores and can cause harm to us. Is there any need to protect such harmful creatures? What may be the consequences if they are removed from nature? (AS2) Q3. Can variation among plants studied. If yes, tell the process. (AS3) Q4. Draw a flowchart showing migration of Siberian cranes. (AS5) Q5. Give reasons why variation occurs in nature? (AS7) Q6. Write one possible application of recycling in conservation of forests. (AS7) Q7. Read the paragraph below and answer the given questions. (AS4) “Biodiversity refers to the various species of flora and fauna along with the ecosystems all combined together. It means variation in life forms on earth. Biodiversity Conservation is an important environmental issue since without a proper balance between all life forms and ecosystem there will arise a lot of problem along with loss of life forms.” i. What does the paragraph indicate? ii. What is meant by biodiversity? iii. What problems may arise due to loss of biodiversity? Q8. Why Ramagundam forest was considered a rich heritage site in the past? (AS6) Chapter 7: Different Ecosystems Q1. Complete the given flowchart by filling up A and B. (AS5) Q2. To observe decomposers in a garden ecosystem which area should you investigate? (AS3) Q3. Represent the types of terrestrial ecosystem with a help of flowchart? (AS5) Q4. Can an ecosystem operate without sunlight? Justify your answer with suitable reasons? (AS2) Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 110

Q5. List out the possible findings of a field investigation/ survey of any forest ecosystem. (AS3) Q6. Is an ecosystem complete without abiotic factors? Write your feelings. (AS6) Q7. Write slogans to educate people about preservation of ecosystem. (AS7) Q8. How does human activity affect the ecosystem? (AS7) Chapter 8. Production and Management of Food from Plants. Q1. Explain the process involved in storage of grains. (AS3). Q2. Observe the diagram given below and answer the following questions. (AS4) i. What does the picture depicts? ii. Why is it carried out? iii. Explain the process in brief. Q3. How do you appreciate the use of bio fertilizers in increasing crop productivity? (AS6) Q4. Is it better to root out the weeds before flowering? Why or why not? (AS2) Q5. Why do farmers add water after adding manure to crops? (AS2) Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 111

Chapter 9: Production and Management of Food from Animals Q1. Divya visited a market where they were selling cattles. She wanted to tell the people who were buying the cattle about the care they need to take while buying the cattle. What are the points she should tell? (AS2) Q2. What may be the impact on honey production if worker bees are not there? (AS2) Q3. Which step in the process of pasteurization of milk is responsible for killing harmful microorganisms? (AS3) Q4. Appreciate the role of sea weeds in industries. (AS6) Q5. Observe the graph below and answer the following questions. (AS4) i. What does the graph indicate? ii. Which state is the highest milk producer in our country? iii. How much percentage of total milk production is contributed by AP? Q6. Write report on nutritional value of egg. (AS4) Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 112

Chapter 11. Why Do We Fall Ill? Q1. Why do you think it is necessary to collect garbage regularly? (AS2) Q2. Some children fall ill more than others even though they are living in the same locality. Why do you think about this? (AS2) Q3. AIDS is considered as syndrome and not a disease. Collect more information on this. (AS4) Q4. Sketch a flow chart to show the differentiation of diseases on various aspects. (AS5) Q5. How would you appreciate the immunization technique in relation with prevention of diseases? (AS6) Q6. Many people in rural communities are unaware of acute and chronic diseases. Conduct a seminar for them and list out these diseases, their causes and preventive measures, thereby creating awareness among them. (AS7) Q7. We are advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick. What might be the reason for this? (AS7) Additional AS-Based Practice Questions 113