MPL_G5_English_WB AK_All Terms

Page 66 Creative Writing Poem writing Poems are fun to read. They have rhythm, and they flow more easily than stories. Some people find it easy to write poetry, while it is difficult for others. Read the following tips to help you write poetry. ¾ What are you writing about? Be clear about the topic, theme and purpose. ¾ Decide if you want your poem to have rhyming words or not. ¾ Try to paint a picture in the reader’s mind. ¾ Use comparisons to make the poem more beautiful and interesting. ¾ A simileLVDÀJXUHRIVSHHFKWKDWLVXVHGIRUGLUHFWFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWZRWKLQJV:H XVXDOO\\XVHWKHZRUGV¶OLNH·RU¶DV·WRFRPSDUHWKLQJVXVLQJWKLVÀJXUHRIVSHHFK Example: She is as tall as a giraffe. ¾ A metaphorLVDÀJXUHRIVSHHFKWKDWLVXVHGWRFRPSDUHWZRWKLQJVWKDWDUHQRWDOLNHEXW do have something in common. Example: He was a lion in the battle. In the box given, write a rhyme of four lines based on any of the topics given in the clouds. Use at least one simile or metaphor. Example: Cherries are great! They’re a little sour like a lime. I just bought eight, I got them for a dime! Module 10 11

My Pet Chocolates My pet is a … Chocolates are my Its colour … favourite … I love my pet … They taste … She is as ________ as … I love chocolates … They are like … My Best Friend My best friend is … He brightens up my day … He is the Sun in my life and … Page 67 My pet is a cat. She's fluffy and fat. Her colour is brown. She is as funny as a clown. 12

Exercise 5: Write a poem about your favourite season. Use the given tips and the hints below to write your poem. Hints: ‡ 0 DNHDOLVWRIDOOWKHWKLQJV\\RXZDQWWRZULWHDERXW\\RXUIDYRXULWH season. ‡ 7U\\WRXVHUK\\PLQJZRUGVDQGÀJXUHVRIVSHHFK ‡ 5HDG\\RXUSRHPDIHZWLPHVWRVHHKRZ\\RXFDQLPSURYHLW ‡ *LYHDIXQDQGH\\HFDWFKLQJWLWOHWR\\RXUSRHP A Rainy Rhyme Page 68 Splish-splash, pitter-patter, The rain starts to fall. Trees, roads, drying clothes It soaks them all. I make a little boat, and watch it float. Wearing new gum boots and a shiny blue raincoat. Most people I know, don't like the rain. But I wait, each year for it to rain again. Module 10 13

Module 11 Page 103 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Word dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Grammar Collocations Formal Writing Creative Writing Conjunctions Notice writing Autobiography Dictation Exercise 1.1: Word dictation 1) cyclone 2) emeralds 3) obliged 4) stuffed 5) punches 6) volume 9) confessed 7) displace 8) theory 1441

RExercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) Where was Marie Curie born? Page 104 Ans. _M_a__ri_e__C_u__ri_e_w__a_s__b_o_r_n__in__P_o_l_a_n_d__._____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2) What was Marie Curie interested in from an early age? Ans. _M_a__ri_e__C_u__ri_e_w__a_s__in_t_e_r_e_s_t_e_d__in__s_c_i_e_n_c_e__f_ro__m__a__n_e__a_r_ly__a_g_e__. _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Whom did Marie Curie follow to Paris? Ans. _M_a__ri_e__C_u__ri_e_f_o_l_lo_w__e_d__h__e_r_s_is_t_e_r_t_o__P_a_r_is_._______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) What title was Marie Curie awarded? Ans. _M_a__ri_e__C_u__ri_e_w__a_s__a_w__a_r_d_e_d__t_h_e__t_it_le__o_f__'M__a_d__a_m__e_'.______________________________________ 5) At what age did Marie Curie pass away? Ans. _M_a__ri_e__C_u__ri_e_p__a_s_s_e_d__a_w__a_y__a_t__th_e__a__g_e__o_f_s_ix_t_y_-_s_ix_.______________________________________ P Vocabulary Q Collocations Collocations are words that are often used together. Collocations are formed by pairing certain prepositions with certain verbs. Some noun-and-verb pairs also go together better than others. Examples: make a mess create a mess big mistake instead of large mistake take a nap have a nap do a favour give a favour Module 11 15

Let us look at collocations that are formed with the words ‘take’, ‘have’, ‘get’ and ‘go’. take a seat take a look have Please take a seat. Take a look at my new watch. take have fun have lunch I am sure that we I am going to have will have fun at the lunch with my friends. fair. go get permission get angry You need to get It's easy for him to get permission before I angry nowadays. can let you in. get go shopping go home Page 105 We will go He needs to go shopping this home today. Sunday. Let us look at some collocations with the words ‘take’, have’, ‘get’, ‘go’. take a bite have a cold get ready go bald Exercise 2.1: Complete the sentences by ticking the correct collocations. 1) I have been wanting to ______g_o______ (get/have/go) swimming. 2) Will you _____ta__k_e_____ (take/get/have) part in the school play next month? 3) Please _____t_a_k_e_____ (have/get/take) a photograph of me standing near this tree, will you? 4) I will ____h__a_v_e_____ (get/have/go) lunch in a while. 16

5) You need to _____t_a_k_e_____ (go/have/take) permission from your parents before coming with us. 6) The food has ____g__o_n_e_____ (take/get/gone) bad. Exercise 2.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct collocations. 1) I need to _____t_a_k_e_____ a break from work! 2) Ramesh Uncle is going to ______g_o______ abroad next week. 3) Will you _____g__e_t_____ ready quickly? We are getting late. 4) I _____h_a_v__e____ an appointment with the doctor today. 5) I am going to _____t_a_k_e_____ a shower now. 6) We will _____h_a_v_e_____ fun at the party. Grammar Page 106 Conjunctions Underline the coordinating conjunctions and tick the correlative conjunctions. 1) Nabi rode his brother's bicycle, for his bicycle was being repaired. 2) Medha did not go to school, nor did she do her homework. 3) 9 Omar no9r Alfred know him. Neither 4) Honey plays carrom, and Lalita plays hockey. 99 5) Swati is not only the class monitor but also the head girl of the school. There are three types of conjunctions. Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions Correlative Subordinating conjunctions conjunctions Module 11 17

Remember ‡ < Ru have learnt that conjunctions are words that join words or parts of sentences together. ‡ & RRUGLQDWLQJFRQMXQFWLRQVMRLQWZRRUPRUHVHQWHQFHVRUSDUWVRIVHQWHQFHV7KH\\DOVR connect two similar parts of a sentence. The coordinating conjunctions are as follows: Page 107 ‡ 5 HPHPEHUWKHDFURQ\\PFANBOYS to recall the coordinating conjunctions. ‡ C orrelative conjunctions work in pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence. The correlative conjunctions you have learnt are ‘either... nor’, ‘either... or’ and ‘not only... but also’. Exercise 3.1: Join the sentences in Column A with the correct ones in Column B based on the coordinating conjunctions used. One is done for you. Column A Column B 1) I’ll have only soup, e a) or the raspberry shake? 2) Chetan is inside, c b) so she walked fast. 3) Jenny was getting late, b c) but Ketan is outside. 4) You get one choice. Do you a d) nor does she drive a car. f e) for I am not very hungry. want the litchi shake 5) Ajit won a gold medal, f) and Farhan won a bronze d 6) Anjali does not ride a bicycle, medal. 18

Page 108 Let us learn about the third type of conjunction: subordinating conjunctions. Subordinating conjunctions These are words that connect two parts of a sentence that are not of equal importance. Some commonly used subordinating conjunctions are ‘when’, ‘because’, ‘until’, ‘than’, ‘while’, ‘though’, ‘after’, ‘before’, ‘if’, ‘as’ and ‘since’. Let us learn how to use two of these. Because joins two unequal parts where one part talks about a reason for an action. Example: ‡ 7 KHER\\ZDVDEVHQWbecause he was ill. (The reason for the boy’s absence was illness.) More examples: ‡ 6 KHGRHVQRWVZLPbecause she is afraid of water. ‡ : HZDQWWRJRWR2RW\\LQWKHVXPPHUbecause of the pleasant weather. Until means ‘up to a point in time or an event’. It joins two ideas or events. Example: ‡ / HW·VZDLWuntil the rain stops. (The speakers have decided to wait up to the point when it stops raining.) More examples: ‡ < RXVKDOOQRWJRRXWuntil you’ve finished this exercise. ‡ < RXFDQVWD\\RQWKLVEXVuntil you reach Ajmer. Exercise 3.2: Join the sentences using ‘because’ or ‘until’. One is done for you. 1) I dislike Mondays because I have to get up early on Mondays. 2) The girl cried _u_n_t_il__________________ her father calmed her down. 3) The policeman drove _u_n_t_il__________________ he reached the police station. 4) My dog got scared _b_e_c__a_u_s_e______________ somebody threw a stone at him. Module 11 19

5) We won’t rest u__n_t_il __________________ the work is done. 6) I like this class b__e_c_a__u_s_e______________ it is very interesting. Exercise 3.3: Look at the pictures and the words given under them. Join the words and form sentences by using the given subordinating conjunctions. One is done for you. 1) + + because Shafiq smiled flower Ans. Shafiq smiled because he saw a flower. 2) + + because Page 109 crying baby hungry Ans. The baby is crying because it is hungry. 3) + + until Ramiz went to bed Ramiz slept till morning Ans. Ramiz went to bed and slept until morning. 4) + + until she will wait doctor arrives Ans. She will wait until the doctor arrives. 20

May5) + + until Reema will stay in Panjim May Ans. Reema will stay in Panjim until May. 6) + + because wagging tail happy dog Ans. The dog is wagging its tail because it is happy. Exercise 3.4: Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions from the box. One is done for you. Page 110 because either... or so until not only... but also and 1) Sheela took medicine because she had a cold. 2) Jimmy will support ___________e__it_h_e_r____________ Spain ______________o_r_____________ Brazil in the football world cup. He has not made up his mind about which team he will support, yet. 3) The light went off, ______________so______________ I lit a candle. 4) Ali will continue working here ____________u__n_t_il____________ he gets a better job. 5) My mother is ___________n_o_t_o__n_ly___________ smart ___________b_u_t_a__ls_o___________ hardworking. She is very talented. 6) Marie Curie won Nobel prizes in both Physics ____________a__n_d_____________ Chemistry. Module 11 21

Page 111 Formal Writing Notice writing A notice is a brief, formal piece of communication that has details about a certain event or process. A notice must answer the questions ‘what’, ‘when’, ‘where’, ‘from whom’ and ‘for whom’. Read the sample of a notice given below. Point out the details that are missing. SHANTA NIKETAN SOCIETY 20 May 2019 Inauguration of the summer clubhouse The new clubhouse at Shanta Niketan Society will be inaugurated. The event will be held at 4:00 p.m. All residents of the society are invited to attend the event. Please contact the secretary of the society for further information. Ajay Natkarni 22

Write the missing elements and possible examples of what can be added to complete the notice. Inauguration of the summer Where? on May 28, 2019 clubhouse and at the society playground What? When? the Society President For for all the residents of the whom? society From whom? Exercise 4: Write a notice about a class visit to a museum in your city. Ensure that you include all the important elements of a notice. Page 112 Blossoms High School 21 June 2019 Notice A VISIT TO THE MUSEUM The students of Class 6, Blossoms High School, will be taken for a visit to the Bengaluru City Museum on June 28 2019, from 11:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Students are requested to assemble in the school playground by 10:45 a.m. in proper uniform along with their ID cards. Please carry snacks, a water bottle and a notebook. The bus will drop the students back to school by 6:00 p.m. Students are requested to inform their parents about this trip. They may reach out to the respective class teachers for any other information. Sujata Mitra, Principal, Blossoms High School Module 11 23

Page 113 Creative Writing Autobiography In a previous lesson, you learned that an autobiography is the life story of a person written by that person. Let’s now read a different type of autobiography. This is an autobiography of an inanimate or non-living object. Hi there! Are you surprised? Yes, I can talk. I am the bookcase in Ravi’s room. It may seem unbelievable, but I once was part of a teak tree, on the farmland of Ravi’s grandfather. The tree was very old, and one day, they decided to chop it down. The wood was given to a local carpenter, who made me into a bookshelf. On Ravi’s birthday, a truck carried me to his house in the city. I was taken to Ravi’s room. I can never forget my first meeting with him. He had jumped with joy and kissed me! That weekend, Ravi and his mother had spent hours arranging and organising the books into me. Ravi decorated me with his favourite toys and paintings. The books and I became good friends. During the first few days of my arrival, Ravi came to meet me every day. He stood before me looking happily at his collection. Then, he chose his favourite book and spent the entire evening reading it. Slowly, our meetings became few and then rare. One day, he was gifted a video game. He was instantly attracted to its fancy moving images. These days, he plays on it for hours, while I wait for him to look at me. The books ask me when he’ll come back, pick them up, read them, or even go through their pages—I have no answers for them. There are many non-living things that surround us: clothes, table, chairs, lamp, fan, coins, etc. Have you ever wondered where they came from? What if they could talk and tell their tales? The life story of a non-living thing is called the autobiography of an inanimate object. Keep the following points in mind while writing the autobiography of an inanimate object. 1) Imagine you are the inanimate object telling its story.  :ULWHLQWKHÀUVWSHUVRQ 24

Page 114 3) Find out information about the object. Find out how it was made or where it came from. 4) Narrate an interesting story using simple language. Exercise 5: Write the autobiography of a telephone (a landline instrument). First, plan your autobiography by answering the given questions. An Autobiography of a Phone I was born in a factory in Delhi with many of my cousins and friends. I was shiny black in colour and had a gleaming dial on my face. Unlike human beings who have two ears attached to their faces, I had only one. It was connected to my face with a long, curly wire. One day, I was taken home by a kind, young man called Mr Bedi. His wife and children were amazed to see me. Very soon, I became their way of talking to their friends and family all over the country. Each time someone called the Bedis, I would sing loudly. Oh, the things I heard them say! From Mr Bedi talking about his office to Mrs Bedi sharing recipes with her friends, I was a part of all these conversations. The Bedis took good care of me. Mr Bedi would clean my face till it shone, and Mrs Bedi would keep me cosy under a white lacy cover. Everything was fine until Mr Bedi bought a mobile phone. Very soon, Mrs Bedi had one too. Everyone would call them on the new phone. Now, I am old, and I rarely get the chance to sing. But Mr Bedi still cleans me every Sunday, and I know I will be in this house forever. Module 11 25

Module 12 Page 149 Section Name What I Will Learn Dictation Sentence dictation Vocabulary Listen and answer Sentence dictation Grammar Listen and answer Direct and indirect speech Formal Writing Interjections Creative Writing Questions tags Persuasive writing Mystery writing Dictation Exercise 1.1: Sentence dictation 1) Geologists study earthquakes and floods. 2) I saw a fiery dragon in my dream last night. 3) The old man stooped down to cut the weeds. 4) I was discreet about my friend's secret. 5) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 2662

Exercise 1.2: Listen and answer 1) What was the name of the boy who did not like ice cream? [b] a) Roger b) Logan c) Lalit d) Steve 2) Why did the boy dislike ice cream? [c] a) He did not like its taste. b) He thought it would make him sick. c) He thought it was too cold. d) His mother told him to dislike it. 3) Who was the ice cream connoisseur? [d] a) Top Top b) Dad Dad c) Maw Maw d) Pop Pop 4) What did the boy have a tiny bite of? [c] Page 150 a) homemade strawberry cream b) homemade bread c) homemade vanilla cream d) homemade cake 5) What does the poem teach you? [d] a) to eat a lot of ice cream b) to never try new things c) to never eat ice cream d) to try new things more than once RP Vocabulary Q Commonly confused words There are many words in the English language that can be easily mistaken to carry the same meaning as another similar word. But using one of these words in place of the other does not bring out the same meaning. Let us look at a few examples of commonly confused words. Module 12 27

‘For’ and ‘since’ For tells us about the duration of something. We use it to show a period of time (three hours, few days, two weeks, five months, many years and so on). Examples: ‡ ,OLYHGLQ*RDfor a few years. ‡ ,KDYHEHHQH[HUFLVLQJfor two hours. Since is used to point out when something began. We use it for a point in time (last week, January, Wednesday, 1972 and so on). Page 151 Examples: ‡ 0\\EURWKHUKDVOLYHGKHUHsince he was born. ‡ 6KHKDVQRWEHHQWR0XPEDLsince 1998. For vs. since since—to mention the starting point of a period of time (continues till now) for—to mention a specific period or duration of time I have been a doctor for fifteen years. I have been a doctor since 1992. She has not been home for two years. It has been two years since she went home. My sister has lived in London for nine months. My sister has lived in London since May. Exercise 2.1: Fill in the blanks with ‘for’ or ‘since’. 1) I have not had milk __________s_in__c_e__________ this morning! 2) Ria cooked lunch ___________f_o_r___________ four hours. 28

Page 152 3) They have been working __________s_in__c_e__________ 10 a.m. today. 4) It has been three years ________s_in__c_e________ I went to an amusement park. 5) Kriti worked on her sketch ___________f_o_r___________ seven hours. 6) Ronnie has been waiting at the bus stop _________f_o_r_________ two hours. ‘Few’ and ‘a few’ + ‘little’ and ‘a little’ Few and little suggest that there is ‘not as much as may be expected or wanted’. Few is used with plural countable nouns, whereas little is used with uncountable nouns. Examples: ‡ )HZ states in India are as beautiful as Meghalaya. ‡ ,KDYHlittle choice in this matter. A few and a little suggest that there is 'a small number of something available'. A few is used with plural countable nouns, whereas a little is used with uncountable nouns. Examples: ‡ ,KDYHa few friends in Jaipur. ‡ ,ZLOOKDYHPLONDQGa little rice every morning. Exercise 2.2: Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the brackets. One is done for you. 1) We know little about his life. Most of it is a mystery. (a few / little) 2) I want _______a__l_it_t_le________ bit of sugar to add to my hot chocolate. (a little / a few) Module 12 29

3) I have ____a__f_e_w_____ fruits left in the fruit basket. I don’t need to buy more. (a few / few) 4) There are _______a__f_e_w______ puppies running around. They are a merry sight. (a little / a few) 5) Lonny has _______fe__w_____ friends over, as she lives very far. (little/few) 6) ______F_e_w_______ people are as generous as Kanak. He has a very kind heart. (Few/Little) Grammar Direct and indirect speech Your friend, Mira, tells you in school, ‘I am going to a play’. You come home and tell your mother what your friend told you. There are two ways in which you can tell your mother about this conversation. Page 153 Mira said, ‘I am going to a play’. You repeated Mira’s words in exactly the way (direct speech) that she said them. To show her exact words in writing, they are put in quotation marks: ‘…’ Mira said that she was going to a Since Mira had spoken the words earlier, the play. (indirect speech) tense and the pronoun change accordingly. (‘I am going’ changes to ‘she was going’.) The words spoken by Mira are not put in quotation marks in indirect speech. Remember We use indirect speech or reported speech when we tell or report something that was said. 30

Here are a few examples. He said that they were going on a picnic. We are going on a picnic. I work at a hospital. She said that she worked at a hospital. Rules of indirect speech Page 154 ŏ 5HSRUWHGVSHHFKLVnot enclosed in quotation marks. ŏ 7KHZRUG¶WKDW·LVXVHGDVDFRQMXQFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHUHSRUWLQJYHUE and the reported speech. Example: Adil said that he felt ill. reporting verb reported speech ŏ 7KHSURQRXQWREHFKRVHQIRUWKHVXEMHFWRIWKHUHSRUWHGVSHHFKLVFKDQJHG according to the pronoun of the reported person or speech. Example: He said that he loved books. ŏ :KHQWKHVHQWHQFHZLWKLQTXRWDWLRQPDUNVLVLQWKHVLPSOHSUHVHQWWHQVHLW changes to the simple past tense. Similarly, when the sentence within quotation marks is in the present continuous tense, it changes to the past continuous tense. Example: She said, ‘I am going to Nagaland.’ She said that she was going to Nagaland. Module 12 31

Page 155 Exercise 3.1: Convert the following sentences into direct or indirect speech. One is done for you. 1) He said, ‘Suresh needs a new uniform.’ Ans. He said that Suresh needed a new uniform. 2) The teacher said that Madhu was working sincerely. Ans. The teacher said, 'Madhu is working sincerely.' 3) Raghav said that the baby was crying. Ans. Raghav said, 'The baby is crying.' 4) They said that they were enjoying the weather. Ans. They said, 'We are enjoying the weather.' 5) They said, ‘We love our country.’ Ans. They said that they loved their country. 6) She said, ‘I am going out.’ Ans. She said that she was going out. 32

Interjections What is common among the following sentences? Ugh! This drink is Wow! The fireworks Hurray! We won Well, I don't know very sour. are amazing. the quiz. whether I support that. Page 156 Each of these sentences begins with a word that shows a strong and sudden feeling or emotion. These words are known as interjections. Remember ‡ $FRPPDRUDQH[FODPDWLRQPDUNLVXVHGWRVHSDUDWHDQLQWHUMHFWLRQIURPWKHUHVWRI the sentence. ‡ Use an exclamation mark at the end of interjections that show very strong emotions. &DSLWDOLVHWKHÀUVWOHWWHURIWKHZRUGDIWHUWKHH[FODPDWLRQVLJQVLQFHLWLVDQHZVHQWHQFH Example: Ouch! That hurt. ‡ 8VHDFRPPDDIWHUDPLOGLQWHUMHFWLRQ Example: Sure, we will do it. Module 12 33

Let us learn some common interjections. Interjections Usage Examples to get someone’s attention or to hey Hey! What are you doing here? show surprise eeks used to show fear Eeks! These spiders are scary. yum used to show that something is Yum! This cake melts in the mouth. oops delicious used when you do something by Oops! I dropped the sandwich. mistake Page 157 ouch used to express hurt Ouch! These shoes are too tight. Exercise 3.2: Make meaningful sentences using the given interjections. One is done for you. 1) Hurray! We have won the match. 2) Wow! You are really tall. 3) Ouch! My stomach hurts. 4) Oops! I dropped some curry on my T-shirt. 5) Eeks! I got mud on my shoe. 6) Hey! Do you want to play? (Accept all valid responses.) 34

Question tags Read the following sentences. The short questions that we put at the end of sentences are called question tags. She is a good swimmer, Tom hasn't gone to the tuition isn’t she? class, has he? Page 158 Remember ‡ ,IWKHPDLQSDUWRIWKHVHQWHQFHLVpositive, the question tag is negative. Example: Your father is a doctor, isn’t he? (We expect a positive answer: Yes, he is.) ‡ ,IWKHPDLQSDUWRIWKHVHQWHQFHLVQHJDWLYHWKHTXHVWLRQWDJLVSRVLWLYH Example: You haven’t met him, have you? (We expect a negative answer: No, I haven’t.) With helping verbs or auxiliary verbs The question tag uses the same verb as the main part of the sentence. If this is an auxiliary verb (‘have’, ‘be’, etc.), then the question tag is made with the auxiliary verb. Examples: ‡ 6KHhas gone to her hometown, hasn’t she? ‡ 7KHSHRSOHweren’t in the house, were they? Without auxiliary verbs If the main part of the sentence doesn’t have an auxiliary verb, the question tag uses an appropriate form of ‘do’. Module 12 35

Examples: ‡ 5DMDVDLGWKDWdidn’t he? ‡ +HQHYHUSOD\\VFULFNHWdoes he? With modal verbs ('can', 'could', 'should', 'would') If there is a modal verb in the main part of the sentence, the question tag uses the positive or negative form of the same modal verb. Examples: ‡ 7KH\\FRXOGQ·WKHDUPHFRXOGWKH\\\" ‡ <RXZRXOGQ·WWHOOWKLVVWRU\\WRDQ\\RQHZRXOG\\RX\" Page 159 With ‘I am’ and ‘Let’s’ Be careful with question tags with sentences that start ‘I am’. The question tag for ‘I am’ is ‘aren’t I?’ Similarly, the question tag for 'Let's' is 'shall we?'. Examples: ‡ ,·PWKHIDVWHVWUXQQHUDUHQ·W,\" ‡ /HW·VJRRXWVKDOOZH\" Exercise 3.3: Read the sentences and add an appropriate question tag from the options given below. One is done for you. doesn’t shall won’t isn’t do you can he we you she she 1) You don’t play tennis, do you? 2) Shruti can’t climb the hills,_______c__a_n__s_h_e_______? 36

3) Rahul wears colourful clothes, ______d_o__e_s_n_'t_h__e______? 4) Let’s go to the park, _______s_h_a_l_l _w_e________? 5) You will come with me, ______w__o_n_'_t_y_o_u_______? 6) She is so hardworking, _______i_sn__'t_s_h_e________? Exercise 3.4: Fill in the blanks with question tags and complete the conversation. One is done for you. Diya: Let’s go to Arya’s house, shall we? Kabir: OK. When? Diya: You don’t have any homework today, ___________d_o__y_o_u__________? Kabir: Yes, I do have some homework. Page 160 Diya: Do you want to go tomorrow? Kabir: You are free tomorrow, ________a__re__n_'t_y__o_u_________? Diya: Yes, I am. Kabir: Then, let's go tomorrow. You will carry a game, ________w__o_n__'t_y_o__u_________? Diya: Yes, I will. Let's take a storybook too, _________s_h_a__ll_w__e__________? Kabir: Yes, we will. Diya: See you tomorrow. You can come at 10 o'clock, _______c_a__n_'t_y_o__u___________? Kabir: Sure, I will. Module 12 37

Page 161 Formal Writing Persuasive writing What is persuasive writing? When you share your opinion to convince others of an idea, it is called persuasive writing. We have read about how to write a good persuasive paragraph in a previous module. Let's now read about another important element of persuasive writing. Fact vs Opinion A fact is something that can be proven true. For example, ‘The earth is round’ is a fact because there is proof that is true. Look at the picture of the car below. Can you discuss and come up with some facts about the picture? Some facts for the picture may be the following. 1) It has four wheels. 2) It is bigger than a cycle. An opinion states a person’s thoughts, beliefs or feelings. It may not always be proven true. For example, an opinion would be 'Chocolate ice cream is delicious!' This is an opinion because someone may find chocolate flavour delicious, but another person might not like it at all. It cannot be proven true. Look at the picture of a cake given below. Can you come up with an opinion about it? An opinion about the cake may include the following. 1) I am sure it tastes terrible. For persuasive writing, the topic that we are writing about cannot only have our opinions, but should also be balanced by facts and reasons. 38

Exercise 4: Write a persuasive article on the following topic: ‘Plastic items should be banned for a clean environment’. Fill in the planning box before writing the essay. Audience: _F_ri_e_n_d_s_______________ Issue: P__la_s_t_ic__h_a__rm__s_t_h_e__e_n__v_ir_o_n_m__e_n__t. Opinion statement: P_l_a_s_tic__i_te_m__s_s_h_o_u_l_d__b_e_b__e_b__a_n_n_e_d__f_o_r_a__c_le_a__n_e__n_v_ir_o_n_m__e_nt. Reason 1 Reason 2 Plastic does not decompose easily Underwater creatures like fish and and releases harmful chemicals in turtles end up eating plastic waste the soil. and dying. Page 162 Conclusion: In one way or the other, plastic harms different parts of the environment. Hence, it should be banned. A__s_t_h_e__w__o_r_ld__m__a_k_e__s _p_r_o_g_r_e_s_s_,_o_u__r _u_s_e__o_f_p_l_a_s_t_ic__is__a_ls_o__in__c_r_e_a_s_in__g_._F_r_u_it_s_a__n_d__v_e_g__e_ta__b_l_e_s_c__o_m__e_ w__r_a_p_p__e_d__in__p__la_s_t_ic__in__b__ig__s_to__re__s._W__h__e_n__w_e__o__rd_e__r_s_o_m__e_t_h_i_n_g__o_n_l_in_e_,__it_c__o_m__e_s_w__r_a_p_p__e_d__in_______ _p_la__st_ic__. ___________________________________________________________________________________ W__h__e_r_e_d__o_e_s__a_ll_t_h_i_s_p_l_a_s_t_ic__g_o__?_M__o_s_t_o__ft_e_n__, _it_i_s_t_h_r_o_w__n_a__w_a__y_w__it_h__o_t_h_e_r_t_r_a_s_h_,_a__n_d__li_e_s_i_n_t_h_e____ m__u__d__fo_r__th__o_u_s_a_n_d__s_o_f__y_e_a_r_s_, _d_e_c__a_y_i_n_g__v_e_r_y_s_l_o_w__ly_._A__s_it__d_o_e__s _t_h_is_,_it__p_o_l_lu_t_e_s__th__e_s_o__il_w__it_h_______ _h_a_r_m__fu_l_g__a_s_e_s_.____________________________________________________________________________ _Th__is_p__la_s_t_ic__a__ls_o__m_a__k_e_s_i_ts__w_a__y_t_o__r_iv_e_r_s_, _s_e_a_s__a_n_d__o__c_e_a_n__s.__It_n_o__t_o_n__ly__p_o_l_lu_t_e_s__th_e__w__a_t_e_r_,_b_u__t _it__ _a_ls_o__p_u_t_s_f_i_sh__a_n__d__tu_r_t_le_s__a_t_r_is_k_._A__l_o_t_o__f _s_e_a__c_r_e_a_t_u_r_e_s_o__ft_e_n__m__is_t_a_k_e__p_l_a_s_t_ic__f_o_r_je__ll_y_fi_sh__, _a_n_d__e__a_t _it_w__h_ic__h_c__a_u_s_e_s__th__e_ir__d_e_a__th_.________________________________________________________________ _In__o_n_e__w__a_y__o_r_t_h_e__o_t_h_e_r_,_p__la_s_t_ic__c_a__u_s_e_s_g__re__a_t_h_a__rm___to__o__u_r_e_n__v_ir_o_n_m__e_n__t._H__e_n_c__e_,_it__sh__o_u_ld__b__e___ b__a_n_n__e_d_.__________________________________________________________________________________ Module 12 39

Page 163 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Creative Writing Mystery writing You must have read books and seen movies based on mystery plots. They usually have unexplained happenings—the sudden disappearance of a character, strange behaviour from familiar characters, the appearance of a mysterious person or object and so on. Think about your favourite mystery story or movie and discuss why you like it so much. Here is an adapted extract from a short story, ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’ by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A woman has come to discuss the mysterious death of her sister with the famous detective, Sherlock Holmes. Read on. 'Give me all the details about her death', said Sherlock Holmes to Helen Stoner. It was a terrible time!' she began. 'As I told you, the house we live in is very old. Only one wing of the house is occupied now. First, there is my stepfather, Dr Roylott’s room. Julia's room is next to his, and my room is next to Julia's. That fatal night, our stepfather was in his room. Julia couldn't sleep in her room, so she came into my room to talk to me. At eleven o’ clock, when she was going back to bed, she told me, 'Helen, have you ever heard a whistle in the middle of the night?' 'No', I said, surprised. 'I suppose that you could not possibly whistle, yourself, in your sleep?’ 40

Page 164 'Certainly not. But why?' I asked. 'It's strange', she said. 'During the last few nights, I have heard a whistle at around three in the night, but I don't know where it comes from. Why don't you hear it?' I laughed and said, 'I sleep better than you do.' So Julia went to her room, and locked the door after her.' 'Why did you lock your doors?' asked Sherlock Holmes. 'Our father kept a cheetah and a baboon. We were afraid of the wild animals', she answered. 'Alright, please go on', said Holmes. 'I couldn't sleep that night. It was very stormy; the wind was howling, and the rain was splashing against the windows. Suddenly, a woman’s scream could be heard. It was my sister's voice. I leaped from my bed and ran into the corridor. Just then, I heard a whistle, and a minute later, the sound of falling metal. I didn't know what it was. I ran down the passage and reached my sister's door, which was unlocked. She came out. Her face was white with fear. She seemed to be in terrible pain. As I put my arms around her, she suddenly screamed in a voice that I shall never forget 'Helen! Oh my God, Helen! It was the band! The speckled band!' She pointed her finger in the air in the direction of Dr Roylott’s room. She wanted to say more but couldn't. I called my stepfather, who tried to help her, but we could do nothing. And that was the dreadful end of my dear sister.' What makes a good mystery? All good mysteries have these few elements. ‡ 7KHbackground and setting should be mysterious and descriptive. ‡ 7KHPDLQsuspects (people who are believed to have committed a crime), witnesses (people who were present when a crime occurred) and the detective (the person whose job is to find clues and information to solve a crime) should come early on in the story. ‡ 7KHGHWHFWLYHDVZHOODVWKHcriminal should be interesting characters. ‡ ,WVKRXOGKDYHDFOHDUSORWDQGDproblem that needs to be solved. The story should have clues to puzzle the readers, the characters and the detective. ‡ 7KHÀQDOsolution should be logical and believable. Module 12 41

Page 165 Exercise 5: Tell a Mystery Tale! Rohan and his family have shifted into a new house on the outskirts of the city. Every night, Rohan can hear strange noises coming from a room in the house. Nobody has lived in the house before them. One day, Rohan decides to go the room to unravel the mystery behind it. What happens next? Complete the story using the mystery elements you have learnt. You can write down your thoughts before you begin writing. Rohan had made up his mind to find out what the strange noises were. One night, after everyone had gone to bed, he quietly stepped out of his room, with a torch in his hand. As he walked towards the empty room, he heard it again. It sounded like someone was howling. For a moment, Rohan was scared, but he walked to the room. With his heart beating very fast, Rohan pushed the room open. It was silent. Suddenly, he felt the chilly wind enter the room, and the howling started again. Rohan walked to the window, and peered out. There it was—an old bottle lying on the windowsill. The scary howling was nothing but the wind whistling in the bottle. Rohan was relieved. He took the bottle with him and showed it to his family the next morning. 'Here's your ghost', he said. Everyone laughed at how silly they had been. 42