Cell Structure!

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On Target Biology New topic! Cell Structure! Animal Cell Plant Cell Both of these cells are Eukaroytic Cells which means they have membrane bound organelles, their DNA is in a nucleus and they divide my mitosis.

On Target Biology Cell Organelles Nucleus The nucleus is in This contains the cell's genetic control of cell material found as division (creating chromosomes. It controls what new cells). the cell does as it controls the type and amount of enzymes produced. The nucleus also determines what type of specialised cell it will be.

On Target Biology Cytoplasm All other organelles This is the site of many are suspended in chemical reactions that create the fluid cytoplasm. energy or make substances for the cell. It is 90% water with lipids and proteins suspended in it. Many of these proteins are enzymes and the lipids are used to make membranes.

On Target Biology Cell Membrane This is a thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm that keeps the cell contents inside. It acts as a barrier. It is partially permeable meaning only certain substances can enter; oxygen, food and water. Waste products like carbon dioxide and urea can leave

On Target Biology Mitochondrion The powerhouse of the cell. The site of aerobic respiration. (When oxygen is used to release energy from food substances like glucose.) The more energy a cell requires the more mitochondria you will find in that cell. Mitochondria have a double membrane. The inner membrane is folded multiple times. This creates a large surface area for part of the respiration reaction to occur on.

On Target Biology Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Only visible using an electron Reticulum microscope. A network of flattened sacs linked together by membrane. It usually extends from the nuclear membrane. Its role is to produce, transport and store proteins. It is dotted with tiny round structures called ribosomes which are the site of protein synthesis. They can also be found loose in the cytoplasm.

On Target Biology Plant Cell Organelles Cell Wall Chloroplast Vacuole Plant cells have the same organelles as animal cells plus three extra!

On Target Biology Chloroplasts These organelles contain a light trapping pigment called chlorophyll which gives plants their green colour. Chloroplasts are the site of the photosynthesis reaction: Carbon Water Light energy Glucose Oxygen dioxide Food for the plant

On Target Biology Vacuole A large space filled with cell sap - a watery solution of sugar and salts. When they are nice and full they make the cell firm (turgid). This gives the whole plant structure. When the cell loses water from the vacuole (plasmolysis) the cell becomes flaccid and the plant wilts.

On Target Biology Cell Wall An outer layer made of cellulose which is fully permeable (unlike the membrane which is selective). They are easy to identify under a microscope and it is due to the strength of the wall that plant cells don't burst when turgid.

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On Target Biology If you and your friends were cell organelles who would be what organelle and why?

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